on the juche idea

7/27/2019 On the Juche Idea

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ON THE JUCHE IDEA

Treatise Sent to the National Seminar on the Juche IdeaHeld to Mark the 70th Birthday ofthe Great Leader Comrade Kim Il SungMarch 31, 1982

We will soon welcome the 70th birthday of the leader.It is very significant that to mark his 70th anniversary, weare holding a National Seminar on the Juche Idea.

This seminar has assessed with pride the ideological andtheoreti?cal achievements made by the leader in leading ourrevolution and construction for more than half a century,and has powerfully demonstrated again the greatness andcorrectness of the Juche idea.The Juche idea is the precious fruit of the leader sprofound, widespread ideological and theoretical activities,and its creation is the most brilliant of his revolutionaryachievements.

By creating the great Juche idea, the leader opened up anew road leading to victory in the revolution before theworking class and the masses of the people, and broughtabout a historic turn in the fulfil?ment of the revolutionarycause of the people.The history of the Korean revolution pioneered and led bythe leader is a glorious history which records the splendidapplication and over-all victory of the great Juche idea.The Juche idea represents an invariable guiding idea of theKore?an revolution and a great revolutionary banner of ourtime.At present, we are confronted with the honourable task ofmodelling the whole society on the Juche idea.The objective of this historic cause is to complete ourrevolution which has developed and triumphed under thebanner of Juche idea.In order to realize this cause, all Party members andworking peo?ple should clearly understand the truth of theJuche idea, and think and act strictly in accordance with its

requirements.


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Only when one is firmly armed with the Juche idea andadvances under its banner, would it be possible to emergevictorious in the rev?olution and construction, surmountingall difficulties and trials. This is the conviction which our

people have acquired through the history of revolutionarystruggle spanning over half a century.Availing myself of the opportunity provided by thismeeting of social scientists and theoretical propagandistsfrom all over the coun?try who gathered here to debate onthe Juche idea and its great victo?ry on the eve of the 70thanniversary of the leader s birthday, I would like to referto the questions related to the principles of the Juche idea.1. THE ORIGIN OF THE JUCHE IDEAA progressive idea plays an important role in socio-historical progress.When the popular masses are guided by a progressive idea,they can be a powerful creator of history. Of course, it doesnot mean that all progressive ideas play the same role insocio-historical develop?ment. Their role is differentaccording to how they represent the aspi?rations andinterests of the popular masses and how correctly they showthe path which must be followed in struggle. There wereideas which reflected the aspirations of progressive classes

of society even before the emergence of the working class.But due to their historical and class limitations the trends ofthought in the past age could not but be hampered in therole they played in social development. The revolutionaryideas of the working class alone can correctly reflect thedemands of the time and the aspirations of the popularmasses and give a powerful stimulus to socio-historicaldevelopment by inspiring the people to wage therevolutionary struggle.

The revolutionary ideas of the working class are originatedby distinguished leaders.It can be said that the history of the communist movementspan?ning a hundred and scores of years is a history ofworking-class lead?ers creating and developingrevolutionary ideas, a history in which these ideas havebeen applied to transform the world. In the mid-19thcentury Marx and Engels propounded Marxism. Thus theyhighlight?ed the historical mission and a path of liberation

that had to be fol?lowed by the working class that appearedon the arena of struggle and stimulated the fight against


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capital, ushering in the rise of the international communistmovement. Lenin developed Marxism and advancedLeninism in accordance with the new historical conditionswhereby capitalism had entered the phase of imperialism,

with the result that he inspired the working class and therest of the people to the struggle to destroy imperialiststrongholds and to achieve free?dom and liberation. Thismarked the beginning of transition from capitalism tosocialism.Our leader created the great Juche idea after acquiring adeep insight into the requirements of a new era when theoppressed and humiliated masses of the people becamemasters of their own des?tiny. Thus he developed theirstruggle for independence onto a high?er plane and openedup the age of Juche, a new era in the develop?ment ofhuman history.The revolutionary idea of the working class emerges as thereflec?tion of the mature demand of history and therevolution in their development.When the leader embarked on the road of revolution, a newdevelopment was taking place in the struggle of theworking class and the popular masses against exploitationand oppression. On the world arena, the influence of

socialism., which had won its first victory, grew strong, andthe revolutionary struggle of the working class and theliberation struggle of the peoples in colonies and semi-colonies were intensified sharply. In an attempt to stop therevolutionary advance of the masses and weather theserious polit?ical and economic crises they were passingthrough, the imperial?ists further increased their plunderand oppression of the people. In many countriescontradictions and antagonism between revolution and

counterrevolution were intensified, and the masses of thepeo?ple whose sovereign rights had been trampled down fora long time rose up in a struggle for their class and nationalliberation. A new age was approaching, in which therevolutionary movement made progress in a broad anddiversified way on a worldwide scale.In order to advance the revolution under the new historicalcon?ditions, the working class and the people of everycountry, con?scious of being the masters, had to solve all

problems in accordance with their actual situation. In ourcountry, this was a particularly important matter because of


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the peculiarities of historical develop?ment and thecomplexity and arduousness of the revolution. The Koreanrevolution demanded more urgently that the popular masseshew out the path of revolution in an independent and

creative man?ner.The Juche idea was created on the basis of such a practicalrequirement of the Korean revolution.The revolution is a struggle to meet the masses desire forinde?pendence by enlisting their strength. It is a struggle ofthe masses to free themselves. When they are armed withthe revolutionary idea and united into an organized politicalforce, the masses can emerge victorious in the revolution.The duty of revolutionaries is to go among the popularmasses, masters of the revolution, to educate, organize, andinspire them to a struggle. The revolutionary forces, too,should be trained from among the masses, and all problemsaris?ing in the revolutionary struggle should likewise beresolved in reliance on their wisdom and strength.However, the communists and nationalists who wereallegedly engaged in the national-liberation movement inour country in the 1920 s gave no thought to the need togo among the masses to edu?cate, organize, and arousethem into waging a revolutionary struggle. But divorced

from the masses they were only engrossed in the scramblefor hegemony and empty talks. They did not unite themasses but divided them by factional strife.In the first years of his revolutionary struggle, the leadersaw through their mistakes and took a road different fromtheirs, the gen?uinely revolutionary road which led him tobe among the masses and to rely on them in the struggle.He elucidated the truth that the mas?ters of the revolutionare the masses of the people and that when one goes among

them to educate and mobilize them one will be able toregister victory in the revolution. This is one of the startingpoints of the Juche idea.The revolution in each country should be carried outresponsibly by its own people, the masters, in anindependent manner, and in a creative way suitable to itsspecific conditions. Independence and creativeness are theinherent requirements of a revolutionary move?ment, thecommunist movement.

The Korean revolution which opened the age of Juchecould not advance even a step forward unless it was


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conducted in an indepen?dent and creative way from thestart. It was a difficult and complex revolution which had todeal with the tasks of the anti-imperialist, national-liberation revolution, with formidable Japanese imperialism

as the target, and those of the anti-feudal, democraticrevolution simultaneously. It was an arduous revolutionwhich had to hew out an untrodden path.What is worse, a strong tendency towards flunkeyismappeared in those days within our anti-Japanese national-liberation move?ment and communist movement to hamperthe advance of the rev?olution. The nationalists and self-styled Marxists followed the evil practices of flunkeyismand factional strife which had resulted in the country sruin in the past. They did not try to carry out the rev?olutionby their own initiative but dreamed of achievingindepen?dence by depending on foreign forces. At thattime, those who were allegedly engaged in the communistmovement formed their own party groups and calledfrequently at the Comintern to gain its recognition. Andthey endeavoured to imitate mechanically establishedtheories and experience of others, without taking intoconsideration the historical conditions and specific realitiesin our country where a colonial and semi-feudal society was

in existence. In this way, flunkeyism and dogmatism werevery serious obsta?cles in the way of revolution.Drawing on serious lessons derived from such flunkeyismand dogmatism, the leader clarified the truth that arevolution should be carried out not by anyone s approvalor instruction but by one s own conviction and on one sown responsibility and that all problems arising in therevolution should be solved in an independent and cre?ativeway. This is another starting point of the Juche idea.

As stated previously, the leader advanced the Juche idea, anew revolutionary idea, on the basis of practical experienceand lessons gained in the revolutionary struggle.The leader has conducted ideological and theoreticalactivities invariably based on the revolutionary practice,and developed and enriched the revolutionary idea andtheories in the course of giving answers to problems arisingin the revolutionary practice. Only on the basis ofrevolutionary practice can one apply existing theories in

accordance with the interests of the revolution and actualconditions in one s own country and search for new truths


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and create new ideas and theories.In his early years of revolutionary activities, the leader waswell versed in Marxism-Leninism. But he did not confinehimself to applying Marxism-Leninism to the Korean

revolution but pioneered a new phase of revolutionarytheory from a steadfast Juche-based standpoint and resolvedthe problems arising in the revolutionary practice from aunique angle.The leader discovered the truth of Juche idea in the courseof the struggle against bigoted nationalists and bogusMarxists, flunkeyists and dogmatists, while hewing out anew path for the revolution. Finally, he explained theprinciples of the Juche idea at the Meeting of LeadingPersonnel of the Young Communist League and the Anti-Imperialist Youth League held at Kalun in June 1930 andput for?ward a Juche-oriented line for the Koreanrevolution. This was a his?torical event which heralded thecreation of the Juche idea and the birth of the Juche-oriented revolutionary line.At the time of disorder when national reformism, Left and Right opportunism and all other unsound ideas wereprevailing, the leader still in his teens gained an insight intothe trend of the times, the desire of the people and the law

of historical development, expounded the truth of Juche andthus opened the road of indepen?dent development for ourrevolution.The Juche idea has been perfected as the guiding idea ofrevolu?tion in our age in the practice of the Koreanrevolution.The guiding idea of revolution cannot be made perfect byone effort at a moment. It emerges through thegeneralization of experi?ence in the revolutionary struggle,

on the basis of the conditions of the times and history; itbecomes perfect as an integrated ideological and theoreticalsystem when its truthfulness is verified and its con?tent isenriched during the protracted struggle.The leader led to victory the revolutionary struggles atdifferent stages and the work in all fields of politics,economy, culture and military affairs. In this course, hehimself gained a wealth of precious experience andgeneralized it to steadily develop the Juche idea in a

profound manner. The history of the leader who has led thearduous Korean revolution for more than 50 years, is a


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history in which he created the Juche idea and perfected itas a unique ideological and theoretical system in the greatrevolutionary practice.As stated previously, the Juche idea emerged on the basis o

the requirements of a new age when the masses of thepeople appeared as the masters of history and of a richexperience gained in the revolutionary struggle. So it hasbecome the great guiding idea of revolu?tion in our age.

2. THE PHILOSOPHICAL PRINCIPLE OF THE JUCHEIDEA

The Juche idea is a new philosophical thought whichcentres on man.As the leader said, the Juche idea is based on thephilosophical principle that man is the master of everythingand decides everything. The Juche idea raised thefundamental question of philosophy by regarding man asthe main factor, and elucidated the philosophical principlethat man is the master of everything and decides everything.That man is the master of everything means that he is themaster of the world and of his own destiny; that man

decides everything means that he plays the decisive role intransforming the world and in shaping his destiny.The philosophical principle of the Juche idea is theprinciple of man-centred philosophy which explainsman s position and role in the world.The leader made it clear that man is a social being withindepen?dence, creativity and consciousness.Man, though material existence, is not a simple materialbeing. He is the most developed material being, a special

product of the evolution of the material world. Man wasalready outstanding as he emerged from the world ofnature. He exists and develops by cogniz?ing and changingthe world to make it serve him, whereas all other materiallives maintain their existence through their subordinationand adaptation to the objective world.Man holds a special position and plays a special role asmaster of the world because he is a social being withindependence, creativity and consciousness.

The leader gave a new philosophical conception of man bydefin?ing independence, creativity and consciousness as the


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essential fea?tures of man, the social being.Independence, creativity and consciousness are man ssocial qual?ities which take shape and develop socially andhistorically. Man alone in the world lives and conducts

activity in social relationship. He maintains his existenceand achieves his aim only socially. Inde?pendence,creativity and consciousness are peculiar to man, the socialbeing.Man is a being with independence, that is, an independentsocial being.Independence is an attribute of social man who is desirousof liv?ing and developing in an independent way as masterof the world and his own destiny. On the strength of thisquality, man throws off the fetters of nature, opposes socialsubjugation of all forms and puts everything at his ownservice.Independence is the life and soul of man, the social being.When inde?pendence is referred to as man s life and soul,it means social and politi?cal integrity. Man has a physicallife and also social and political integri?ty. The physical lifeis what keeps a man alive as biological organism; social andpolitical integrity is what keeps him alive as social being.Man is a being with creativity, that is, a creative social

being.Creativity is an attribute of social man who transforms theworld and shapes his destiny purposefully and consciously.By virtue of his creativity, man transforms nature andsociety to be more useful and beneficial to him by changingthe old and creating the new.Creativity, like independence, constitutes an essentialquality of man, the social being. Independence findsexpression mainly in man s position as master of the

world; creativity is expressed mainly in man s role astransformer of the world.Man is a being with consciousness, that is, a conscioussocial being.Consciousness is an attribute of social man, whichdetermines all his endeavours to understand and reshape theworld and himself. Because he has consciousness manunderstands the world and the laws of its motion anddevelopment, reshapes and advances nature and society as

he desires. Consciousness guarantees the independence andcreativity of man, the social being, and ensures his


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purposeful cognition and practice.Independence, creativity and consciousness, after all, arewhat enables man to be superior to any other being and tobe the most powerful being in the world, to approach the

world not fatalistically but revolutionarily, not passively butactively, and to reshape the world not blindly butpurposefully and consciously. Man, the social being, whohas independence, creativity and consciousness, ispre?cisely the only dominator and remaker of the world.Man cannot, of course, live outside the world; he lives andcon?ducts his activity in the world.Nature is the object of man s labour and also is thematerial source of his life. Society is a community wherepeople live and con?duct activities. Natural environmentsand social conditions have a great effect on human activity.Whether natural environments are good or bad and, inparticular, whether the political and economic systems of asociety are progressive or reactionary?these factors mayfavourably affect human endeavour to remake nature anddevel?op society or limit and restrict that activity.But man does not merely adapt himself to environmentsand condi?tions. By his independent, creative and consciousactivity, man contin?uously transforms nature and society,

changing as he desires what does not meet his needs, andreplacing what is outdated and reactionary with what is newand progressive. This is man s endeavour and strug?gle tochange and transform the world into one that serves manbetter.The Juche idea established a man-centred outlook on theworld by throwing a fresh light on the essentialcharacteristics of man and his position and role in theworld.

It had already been known that the world consists ofmaterial and changes and develops as a result of the motionof material. The Juche idea gives a new world outlook byanswering the question of who is the master that dominatesnature and society and where is the force that transformsthem. That the world is dominated and reshaped by man is anew viewpoint on the world in relation to man.The Juche idea shows a new viewpoint and attitude to theworld, on the basis of man s position and role as master of

the world.The viewpoint and attitude to the world shown by the Juche


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idea are those with which the world is approached byfocussing on man, the master of the world.Taking a man-centred attitude towards the world meansapproaching the world from the viewpoint of interests of

man, the master of the world.The world should naturally be approached from this anglebecause man is the master of the world. Man understandsand trans?forms the world in order to bring everything inthe world to serve him. Man is the most precious being inthe world, and his interests are more valuable than anyothers in the world. Everything in the world has its valueonly when it serves man. Therefore, approaching the worldfrom the viewpoint of making it serve man better is anabsolutely correct viewpoint and attitude to the world.Approaching the world by focussing on man means dealingwith the change and development of the world mainly onthe basis of the activity of man who transforms it.Man is the most powerful being in the world, and manalone is capable of transforming the world. It is man andnone other that requires its transformation and performs thiswork. Man acts upon and transforms the world as hedesires, drawing on the objective laws. The world ischanged for the benefit of man only by his ener?getic

activity. For this reason, it is an absolutely correctviewpoint and attitude to the world to approach its changeand development from the standpoint of man s positiveactivity to transform nature and society purposefully andconsciously to meet his own desire.The Juche viewpoint and attitude to the world are trulyrevolution?ary in that they enable men to transform theworld and shape their des?tiny independently, creativelyand consciously, with a high degree of awareness that they

are masters of the world and their own destiny.The Juche world outlook which is based on thephilosophical principle that man is the master of everythingand decides every?thing, is an absolutely correct outlook onthe world in our time.As history advances, man s position and role as master ofthe world is strengthened, and the extent of people sdomination over the world increases daily through theirindependent, creative and con?scious struggle. In our time

the masses of the people have emerged as true masters ofthe world, and through their struggle the world is being


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changed more and more to serve the masses. Today theposi?tion and role of the masses of the people as masters ofthe world are becoming stronger than ever before. Thisreality proves more patent?ly the validity and vitality of the

principle of Juche philosophy that man is the master ofeverything and decides everything.3. THE SOCIO-HISTORICAL PRINCIPLES OF THEJUCHE IDEAThe Juche idea clarifies the laws of historical developmentand social revolution. This idea has thrown a fresh light onthe funda?mental principles of the social movement, therevolutionary move?ment, of the working masses whocreate and develop history.The socio-historical principles elucidated by the Juche ideacon?stitute a new socio-historical outlook, the Jucheoutlook on history.1) THE MASSES OF THE PEOPLE ARE THE SUBJECTOF SOCIAL HISTORYThe question of the subject of history is a basic question inunder?standing the development of society, thedevelopment of revolution, from the attitude and point ofview of Juche.As the leader instructed, the working masses are the subject

of history and the motive force of social progress.History develops through the struggle of the masses totransform nature and society. That history developsprecisely means that the position and role of the masses asthe subject of history are enhanced.The socio-historical movement has its own peculiar lawswhich are different from those of natural motion. Of course,the social movement has something in common with thenatural movement in that it is also a motion of material. The

social movement, too, is gov?erned by the universal laws ofthe material world. But the social movement has its subject,whereas there is no such thing in the motion of nature. Innature the motion takes place spontaneously through theinteraction of material elements which exist objectively. Incontrast, the social movement is caused and developed bythe voli?tional action and role of the subject.The subject of the social movement consists in the massesof the people. Without the masses there would be no social

movement itself, nor would it be conceivable to talk abouthistorical progress.


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The masses of the people are the masters of revolution andcon?struction and the decisive factor in transforming natureand develop?ing society. The revolutionary struggle andconstruction work are undertakings for the very masses and

of the masses themselves. The masses of the peopleundertake the revolution and construction for themselves inorder to shape their destiny. It is the masses that want therevolution and construction, and it is also the masses thatcarry them out. They produce all social wealth by theirhands, and trans?form the world and advance history bytheir struggle. But for the cre?ative activity of the masses,the social change and progress would be inconceivable.Human history shows that the masses wisdom and abilityto understand and transform the world are unlimited,though the scope of the world created and changed by eachof the genera?tions is relatively limited.The position of the masses grows stronger and their powerincreases through the transformation of nature and society.With the consolidation of their position and growth in theirstrength, their pos?itive action on socio-historical progressincreases.The subject of history is the working masses, not thereactionary exploiting classes. The working masses carve

out and develop histo?ry, but the exploiting classes try toarrest and turn back the historical advance. All exploitingclasses, after all, constitute a reaction against history; theyare the target of revolution. The whole course of theexistence of class societies has been a history of sharpstruggles between the creators of history and reactionagainst history, between the masters of revolution and thetargets of revolution, that is, between the working massesand the reactionary exploiting classes. Society has advanced

and developed through these struggles.Although they are the subject of history, the masses of thepeople do not hold the same position and play the same rolein all ages and in all societies. In the class society, unawareof their social status and class relationship and theirstrength for a long time in the past, the working massescould not unite into a political force. Therefore, they weredeprived of all rights, subjected to exploitation andoppression, by a handful of ruling classes and denied their

legitimate position as masters of society. Even in theexploiting society they created all material and cultural


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wealth by their own efforts, but they were unable to shapehistory in an independent manner, because they could notoccupy the position of masters of society. Only by seizingstate power and the means of production in their own hands

and by establishing a socialist system can the workingmasses free them?selves from exploitation and oppressionand create history conscious?ly as true masters of societyand their own destiny.In the socialist society the working masses undergo aradical change in their status and destiny, and their positionand role are enhanced. This is due to the revolutionaryleadership and struggle of the working class.The process of development of a socialist society under theleadership of the working class is the process of working-classizing the whole society. When the whole society isreshaped completely on the pattern of the advancedworking class under its leadership, the posi?tion of thepopular masses, the subject of history, would beremark?ably stronger, and their role in pushing forward thehistorical progress and revolutionary developmentincomparably higher.If they are to hold their position and fulfil their role assubject of history, the popular masses must be brought into

contact with leader?ship. Only under correct leadership,would the masses, though cre?ators of history, be able tooccupy the position and perform their role as subject ofsocio-historical development.The link between leadership and masses is a very importantques?tion especially in the revolutionary movement, thecommunist move?ment, which is carried out by the workingclass and the broad masses of other people. Without correctleadership the communist move?ment would not advance

victoriously because this movement itself is a highlyconscious and organized one involving a serious classstrug?gle.The question of leadership in this movement is precisely theques?tion of leadership given by the party and the leader tothe masses of the people.The working-class party is the general staff of therevolution, and the leader of the working class is theforemost leader of the revolu?tion. How the masses are

awakened to consciousness and organized in arevolutionary way, and how they perform their


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revolutionary duties and historical mission, depend onwhether or not they are given correct leadership by theparty and the leader.Only when they receive correct guidance from the party and

the leader, would the working class and the masses of otherpeople be able to vigorously develop the deep-going andcomplicated revolu?tionary struggle to transform nature andsociety, achieve national and class liberation, build asocialist, communist society successfully, and run itproperly.As the leader said, the masses of the people have nowemerged as masters of history, masters of revolution andconstruction, and are transforming the world more andmore as they desire.The working people including the working class arestanding firmly in the central place of the historicaldevelopment of our time. Hundreds of millions of peoplewho have long suffered class and national oppression andexploitation are vigorously advancing on the road ofsovereignty and independence and social progress andplay?ing a greater role in shaping the destiny of humanityand the future of the world. Because of this grand forwardmovement of our time capi?talism and imperialism, which

has grown fat on the blood and sweat of the workingmasses and lorded it over their destiny for centuries, isprecipitating irreversibly into bankruptcy and towards itsdownfall, deep into the grave of history.The masses of the people who have become legitimatemasters of their own destiny are transforming the world andcreating a new his?tory of mankind in accordance with theiraspirations. This is the basic trend of modern history whichno force can ever stop.

2) HUMAN HISTORY IS THE HISTORY OF THEPEOPLE S STRUGGLE FOR INDEPENDENCE

The history of human society is the history of the struggleof the popular masses to defend and realize independence.The leader said that all revolutionary struggles are strugglesof the popular masses to defend their independence.

Throughout the long history of human society people havecease?lessly struggled to free themselves from the fetters of


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society and nature. All the struggles to transform society,nature and man are struggles to defend and realizeindependence for the masses of the people.The struggle for social reform is an undertaking of the

masses to provide themselves with social and politicalconditions for their inde?pendent life, free from class andnational subjugation. If they are to live and actindependently, people must destroy the outdated socialsystem which tramples upon independence. Only when theywipe out the old social institutions and set up a socialsystem which provides people with independence, will themasses of the people be able to become true masters ofsociety and their destiny and lead an inde?pendent life.The struggle to transform nature is an effort of the massesto cre?ate material conditions for an independent life, freefrom the fetters of nature. If people are to live and makeprogress, they must work to harness nature and producematerial wealth. Only through the trans?formation andconquest of nature can they free themselves from its fettersand prepare material conditions for an independent life.The struggle to transform man is the struggle of the massesto cre?ate ideological and cultural conditions for anindependent life, free from the shackles of outdated ideas

and culture. Only when they are completely free from theshackles of outdated ideas and culture and acquire theconsciousness of independence and sound culture, willpeople be able to hold their destiny firmly in their hands,reshape it, and live and act genuinely as independentbeings.The transformation of society, nature, and people is themain ele?ments of the masses struggle for independence.Man can realize independence completely only when he is

free from social bondage, natural fetters, and the shacklesof outdated ideas and culture. The struggle forindependence should be carried out on a full scale in allspheres of social reform, natural transformation and humanremould?ing.The primary question arising in the struggle of the popularmasses for independence is to realize independence sociallyand politically.Since man is a social being, independence must first be

guaran?teed socially and politically. This is the key toman s freedom from natural fetters and also to his


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ideological and cultural development. As long as they aresubjugated socially and politically, the masses of the peoplecannot adequately benefit from the productive forces, evenif these are developed, nor can they be free from the

bondage of reactionary ideas and culture.The history of human society ever since its division intohostile classes has, above all, been a history of socialrevolutions to realize social and political independence forthe popular masses. Through social revolutions the masseshave carved out their destiny and developed society.Owing to slave revolts which were, so to speak, the firststruggle in history of the exploited working masses forindependence, and to peasant struggles against feudalism inthe Middle Ages, the slavery and the feudal systemcollapsed. That meant progress in the struggle of theworking masses for independence. But that was only areplace?ment of the chains of slavery with feudal fetters,which in turn were replaced with the yoke of capital, not theabolition of class domina?tion and oppression itself. In thehistory of human society, capitalism is the last exploitingsystem which tramples upon the masses aspira?tions anddemand for independence. It is a violently oppressivesys?tem which combines class domination with national

oppression.The liquidation of the capitalist system and establishment oa new socialist system mark a historic turning point in thedevelopment of the revolutionary struggle forindependence. With the establish?ment of the socialistsystem, all exploiting classes and institutions which trampleupon the aspirations and demands of the masses forindependence, are abolished, and the masses are providedwith the necessary conditions which enable them to hold

state power and pro?duction means in their hands and lead afully independent life.The transformation of nature and man, along with socialreform, is an important historic task in the struggle of thepopular masses for independence.In the whole course of development of human society, themasses of the people have continuously struggled to freethemselves from the fetters of nature and enhancethemselves ideologically and cultur?ally.

At the dawn of human society, people s creative powerwas weak, and their ideological and cultural levels were


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very low. By their age-long hard-fought struggles themasses have increased their ability to conquer nature,enriched their knowledge, developed the productive forces,and steadily raised the levels of their ideological

conscious?ness and culture. Modern science andtechnology, progressive ideas and culture which have beendeveloped by human society, are with?out exception theresult of the historical struggles of the popular masses.The transformation of nature and man, that is, the historiccause of freeing the popular masses from the fetters ofnature and outdated ideas and culture and developing themto be powerful beings capable of dominating nature and realpossessors of revolutionary ideas and culture, can be fullyundertaken and achieved with success only under socialismwhere the working masses are masters of society. Undersocialism where the question of revolutionary change in thesocial system has already been resolved in the struggle forindepen?dence, the major tasks are to reshape nature and re-educate people to emancipate the masses, who haveeliminated social oppression, from the shackles of natureand outdated ideas and culture. When the work oftransforming nature and re-educating people is pushedforward in a complete way on the basis of steadily

consolidating the socialist system, the independence of themasses will be more completely realized in all sphere.Today, the struggle to defend the masses independenceassumes an international character. Since the forces ofimperialism which oppress independence are allied on aninternational scale, the strug?gle to oppose imperialistdomination and oppression and defend independence, too,cannot but be an international undertaking. Because of thecommunity of their historical backgrounds and inter?ests,

the formerly oppressed nations and peoples who have beensub?jected to colonial slavery, with their independence andsovereignty downtrodden by imperialism, are unitedtogether on the same front of struggle to opposeimperialism and defend independence. All countries, allnations, and peoples the world over that advocateinde?pendence must struggle jointly, in close unity underthe revolutionary banner of anti-imperialism andindependence. This is the only way to abolish the

imperialist world order which is based on unequality andfull of contradictions, and to set up a new international


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relationship based on independence and equality amongstcountries and nations.The age-long, ceaseless struggle of the masses forindependence can win its ultimate aim by building

socialism and communism. The struggle for socialism andcommunism is the highest stage of the struggle forindependence. It is a struggle to end once and for all theexploitation of man by man, the oppression of class byclass, and the domination of state by state in human society,to wipe out all rem?nants of old societies handed downthrough history, and to finally free the people from theirshackles. In a communist society the mass?es of the peoplewill lead a completely independent life as masters of natureand society and as true masters of their own destiny.Defending independence is an absolute requirement of manas a social being and his inalienable fundamental right. It isnatural that man who regards independence as his life andsoul, combats any encroachment on his independence. Thepopular masses rise in the revolutionary struggle forindependence against the oppressors. And for the sake ofindependence they devote all their creative talents andenergies to building socialism and communism.If independence is to be defended, an independent stand

must firmly be maintained in the revolution andconstruction.As the leader instructed, the independent stand is thefundamental stand that must be adhered to in the revolutionand construction. Sticking to this stand is the requirement ofthe revolutionary struggle, the struggle for independence.The independent stand is a thoroughly revolutionary stand,the working-class stand. The working class is the mostindependent class which struggles to emancipate itself by

its own initiative and to become the master of its owndestiny. The cause of socialism and communism is thehistoric cause of the working class, aimed at completelyrealizing the independence of the masses of the people. Anystands which are contrary to the independent stand are aliento the working-class stand, the stand of the popular masses,and they are all harmful to the cause of socialism andcommunism.The independent stand finds expression in the exercise of

the rights as masters of the revolution and construction.This means that the masses of the people handle all


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problems of the revolution and construction in theirinterests, according to their own independent judgment anddecision. The right to deal with all these problems belongssolely to the people, the masters, of the country concerned.

All questions related to the revolution and construction in acountry must naturally be disposed of by the judgment anddecision of the people of that country. This is the only waythe people of each coun?try can defend their interests andcarry through their will and desire. The people of eachcountry must not tolerate any foreign pressure orinterference. Failing to resolve one s own problems byone s own decision under pressure or in bondage to othersmeans losing one s rights as master; following will ofothers and acting against one s own interests means givingup one s rights as master.The independent stand is expressed in fulfilling theresponsibility as masters. This signifies that the popularmasses resolve all ques?tions in the revolutionary struggleand construction work on their own responsibility andinitiative as befitting masters. As the revolu?tion andconstruction are their own undertakings, they ought toresolve all problems arising in these undertakings by theirown initia?tive on the principle of self-reliance. One might

receive aid from oth?ers in the revolution and construction,but in any case the main thing is one s own initiative.Trying to get one s own work done by others or to getone s own problem solved by others is tantamount toshirk?ing one s responsibility as master and relinquishingone s position as such.Only when one upholds the independent stand can onealways resolve the question of revolution in one s country,the question of one s nation, in accordance with one s

own views and conviction and in the revolutionary spirit ofself-reliance, and carry out the revolu?tion and constructionsuccessfully, whatever the circumstances.The people of each country must not only opposeaggression and subjugation in firm defence of theirindependence, but should also fight against imperialism anddominationism which trample upon the independence ofother peoples. Only when one opposes such encroachmenton one s own independence and the act of trampling upon

that of others, can one be said to be standing truly indefence of independence.


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The revolutionary struggle of the popular masses againstimperi?alism and dominationism which trample uponindependence, and for the victory of the cause of socialismand communism is steadily being strengthened and

developed. Nothing can stem the current of historicaldevelopment which demands independence and advanceson the road of independence. Not only today but also thefuture belong entirely to the people who are struggling forindependence.3) THE SOCIO-HISTORICAL MOVEMENT IS ACREATIVE MOVEMENT OF THE POPULAR MASSESThe socio-historical movement is a creative movement ofthe popular masses to transform and change nature andsociety.The masses activity for an independent life ischaracterized by creativity. Man realizes his desire in lifethrough his creative activity.The objects of man s creative activity are nature andsociety. By means of his activity to transform nature whichsurrounds him and to reform the society in which he lives,man creates new material and cultural wealth and builds anew system and a new life.The masses of the people are creators who remake and

change nature and society. They are desirous of abolishingthe old and creat?ing the new and have creative ability totransform nature and society.Human history is the popular masses history of creation.Since the beginning of human history, the masses of thepeople have been conquering nature and making what isnecessary for their existence and development by theircreative labour, and effecting social progress by theircreative activity to change the old. Their con?tinuous

creative activity has advanced society.Their creative activity to conquer nature and bring aboutsocial progress accompanies struggle. The process ofcreation is precisely the process of struggle. Withoutstruggle the creation of new things would be inconceivable.The process of replacement of an old social system with anew one and the social emancipation of the masses inparticular is a pro?cess of fierce class struggle. A revolutionbegins with struggle and ends with struggle. The forces

which go in for the preservation of an old sys?tem and lifenever give up their place of their own accord. A new system


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and life can be created only through the struggle to wipe outthe old forces. All progress and changes made by humanitythroughout history, after all, are the fruit of the popularmasses creative struggle.

The process of their creative struggle is the process ofdeveloping themselves to be more powerful beings.The masses of the people have increased their creativeability while at the same time transforming nature anddeveloping society. The history of social productive forcesis the history of the growth of men s creative capability toconquer nature. The history of social revolutions is thehistory of the process to strengthen the revolution?arypower of the masses to reshape society.With growth in the creative ability of the masses, the socio-histor?ical movement advances further.The communist movement organized and developed by thework?ing class is the highest form of creative movement inhuman history. This is a movement to build a society wherethe independence and cre?ativity of the masses of thepeople are fully realized, the highest ideal of mankindwhich is fundamentally different from all class societiesthat have existed in history. The creative power of themasses, too, is exploited fully in the revolutionary

movement of the working class. It is not until theirinvolvement in the revolutionary movement of the workingclass, the communist movement, that the working masseswhose creative activity has been restrained by the rulingclasses during the whole period of antagonistic classsocieties, become genuine cre?ators of history whotransform the world to meet their own will and desire andshape their destiny in an independent manner.The revolutionary movement, the creative activity of the

masses, requires that the creative stand be alwaysmaintained firmly in the struggles to reshape nature andsociety.Adhering to the creative stand is indispensable to leadingthe revo?lutionary movement to victory. Only when theyadhere to the creative stand, can the popular masses keepproperly their position as masters of the revolution andconstruction, and fulfil their role as such.The creative stand is one that the masses of the people

ought to maintain as transformers of nature and society, asshapers of their own destiny. Without maintaining this


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stand it would be impossible for them to reshape nature andsociety to meet their will and desire or hold their owndestiny in their hands and shape it for themselves.Adherence to the creative stand is a sure guarantee for

solving all problems by the efforts of the masses themselvesto meet the require?ment of the revolution and inaccordance with their interests.As the leader instructed, the creative stand constitutes thefundamen?tal method that must be relied on in therevolution and construction.The revolutionary movement requires that one shoulddepend firmly on the creative wisdom and strength of themasses and utilize them to the full. The masses are mastersand the motive force of the revolution and possessors ofinexhaustible creative talents and strength. Only when onedepends on their creative talents and strength, will one beable to understand the objective world correctly, solve allproblems to suit the reality, and transform nature andsoci?ety successfully. The creative stand provides themethod by which to give an active stimulus to the creativepower of the masses, push for?ward the revolution andconstruction on one s own initiative, over?come thedifficulties in the path of progress by the struggle of the

masses, and ensure continued innovations and ceaselessadvance.The revolutionary movement takes place in a specificreality which is always diverse and undergoes ceaselesschanges. It rejects all sorts of schemata and dogmas andopposes the outdated attitude of imitating othersmechanically. A schematic viewpoint and a dogmatic wayof thinking restrain creativity and prevent correctunderstanding of the ever-changing diverse realities and

block the possibility of working out a scientific method ofrevolution and construction. Only when one bases oneselffirmly on the specific reality and maintains a creativeattitude towards everything, will one be able to identify thecorrect method of transforming nature and society andapply it skilfully. The creative stand represents the methodwhereby one rejects a dogmatic attitude and grasps thereality in its true perspective and concretely by one s ownthinking and solves all questions accordingly.

The creative stand constitutes the revolutionary methodwhich enables one to meet most effectively the


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requirements of our time when the masses of the peoplehave emerged as masters of history and when therevolutionary movement is highly developed. Our timerequires that the role of the masses in the revolution and

construction be enhanced to the highest degree and that allquestions be solved creatively. The creative stand offers asure guarantee for the victory of the revolution by enablingone to formulate a scientific revolution?ary strategy andstruggle policies in keeping with the development of ourtime and the new requirements of the revolution andceaselessly increase the creative power of the popularmasses.

4) THE PEOPLE S CONSCIOUSNESS OFINDEPENDENCE PLAYS THE DECISIVE ROLE INREVOLUTIONARY STRUGGLE

The revolution is propelled forward to victory by theconscious struggle of the masses of the people.The leader put in a new light the principle that the masses con?sciousness of independence plays the decisive role inthe revolution?ary struggle.

Ideological consciousness determines and regulates allactions of man.Consciousness, essentially, is the highest quality that makesman superior to all beings and the most powerful in theworld. It is the sophisticated function of man s brain, themost developed of his physical organs. The brain plays thecentral role in the activity of human life, and consciousnesswhich is the function of the brain, commands all actions ofman.

Ideological consciousness reflects man s desire andinterests, and for this reason, it has the most active effect onhis conduct. Without the determination and regulation ofideological consciousness, man s independent andcreative activities would be inconceivable.If a man is to be an independent creative being, he musthave the consciousness of independence. Thisconsciousness means the awareness of one s being themaster of one s own destiny and signi?fies the will to

shape one s destiny by one s own initiative. Only when aman has the consciousness of independence can he conduct


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conscious activity to conquer nature and actively struggleagainst the oppressors who encroach and trample upon hisindependence. Man s endeavour to acquire a scientificunderstanding of the world and transform it actively is none

other than the manifestation of his con?sciousness; man srole in transforming nature and society, after all, is the roleof his ideological consciousness.The consciousness of independence plays the decisive rolein the masses revolutionary movement for independence.All revolutionary movements are conscious movements. Arevo?lutionary movement begins with awakening people toan advanced idea and emerges victorious on the strength ofthe masses of the peo?ple who are armed with the advancedidea.Ideological consciousness is the decisive factor thatdetermines man s role in the revolution and construction.Ideological consciousness determines the class character ofthe actions of people who participate in the revolutionarymovement. There can be no superclass ideology in a classsociety, and what is basic to man s ideologicalconsciousness is his class awareness. Peo?ple s attitudetowards the class struggle is determined by their classconsciousness. Of course, people s activities are based on

their social and class positions and limited by them. Buttheir social and class positions have effect on their actionsalways through their ideologi?cal consciousness. Whichclass interests people struggle for in a class society dependson which class ideology they have. Only when they havethe ideology of an advanced class, the consciousness ofinde?pendence, can they have a correct class standpoint andstruggle for the victory of the revolution.The will and fighting power of people demonstrated in the

revolu?tionary movement are also determined by theirideological con?sciousness. The level of the willpower andstrength demonstrated by the people is determined by theirideology. Only those who have a firm consciousness ofindependence will be able to take an indomitable attitudetowards the revolution, actively participate in it with astrong will, and struggle to the end, overcoming alldifficulties and trials.The masses revolutionary ability is unfathomable, but it

cannot find full expression if they are not ideologicallyawakened. Ideologi?cally unawakened masses are unable to


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rise in the revolutionary struggle in spite of exploitation andoppression imposed upon them, nor can they successfullytransform nature and society to meet their needs. Only thosemasses who are conscious of their class interests can

demonstrate their revolutionary force to the full andguarantee victory in the revolution.The role of ideological consciousness steadily increaseswith the development of the revolutionary movement.By nature, the communist movement, the highest stage ofthe rev?olutionary movement, requires a high degree ofconsciousness from people. The socialist and communistsocieties are built by the purposeful and conscious efforts ofthe popular masses. The role of ide?ological consciousnessis incomparably enhanced when building socialism andcommunism after the seizure of political power and theestablishment of the socialist system by the working class.Capital?ism depends on the discipline of hunger and therod, but socialism and communism rely on the high level ofpeople s consciousness. True, control is necessary in thesocialist society which is transition?al. But the more theremnants of old society are eliminated as progress is madein building socialism and communism, the greater becomesthe significance of people s consciousness. Socialism and

communism provide all conditions for increasing the role ofpeople s ideological consciousness to the full. In thesocialist society, the advanced ideology of the workingclass prevails all over the commu?nity. Capitalismsubordinates even man s thinking and action to moneyconsiderations, but socialism and communism make themasses of the people true masters of society, and thereforegive full play to the revolutionary enthusiasm and creativezeal of the masses.

The tremendous role of ideological consciousness in therevolu?tionary struggle for socialism and communism isalso connected with the characteristics of the revolutionarythought of the working class.The role of ideological consciousness in social progressdepends on its class character and content. The reactionaryideology of the exploiting class hampers social progress,whereas the advanced ideology of the pro?gressive classgives impetus to the development of society. The

revolu?tionary ideology of the working class, the mostindependent class, has an incomparably greater


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revolutionary influence than any other advanced ideas inhistory. The revolutionary thought of the working classmirrors the laws of social development and the aspirationsof the masses in a sci?entific manner, so that it becomes a

great material force in social progress. It is a weapon withwhich to understand and change the reality and create thefuture. Unlike the reactionary thinking of the exploitingclass which hinders the forward movement of history andadvocates the old moribund system, the revolutionarythought of the working class performs the mis?sion to pushforward and lead historical progress.The revolutionary movement is a conscious movement, andfor this reason one must always hold fast to people sthinking as the main thing in the revolutionary struggle andconstruction work. Doing this is an important principle thatmust be maintained in the revolution and construction.Grasping man s thinking as the main thing in therevolution and con?struction means solving all problems byattaching decisive importance to the ideological factor andenhancing the role of ideological consciousness.Attaching decisive importance to the ideological factor is alaw of revolutionary movement. Material factors, too, playa great part in the revolutionary movement. But the

existence of material conditions does not give rise to therevolution automatically. How to make use of thesematerial conditions depends on people s consciousactivity. Whether these material conditions are preparedquickly or not depends on man s activity. The revolutioncan be pushed forward only by the active struggle of therevolutionaries and the popular masses. Fundamentallyspeaking, a revolution does not always break out when allthe necessary conditions exist, nor is it carried out always in

favourable circumstances.Waiting with folded arms for all conditions to ripen istantamount to refusing to make a revolution. Primaryimportance, therefore, should be given to the ideologicalfactor in the revolutionary struggle and construction work,and on this basis strenuous efforts should be made to createall the necessary conditions.Solving all problems by raising the level of people sconscious?ness is the method inherent to the communists.

The communists who struggle for the freedom andhappiness of the people, lead the revolu?tion to victory and


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fulfil their noble mission by awakening peopleideologically and making them conscious and encouragingthem to undertake the struggle of their own accord. Thecommunists have a powerful ideological weapon capable of

awakening all the people to activity. Although the capitalistclass, too, strives to spread its ideol?ogy, capitalist thinkingcannot be accepted by the masses as their own because itfundamentally conflicts with their interests. Only theworking-class ideology which champions the interests ofthe working masses can be accepted by all the people, and italone can dominate the whole society.Doing everything by awakening people politically andideologi?cally is a solid guarantee for the triumph of therevolution and con?struction. Reliance on the high degreeof the masses revolutionary consciousness will give astrong impetus to the revolutionary strug?gle andconstruction work, overcome unfavourable conditions andspeed up the victory of the revolution.4. THE GUIDING PRINCIPLES OF THE JUCHE IDEAThe guiding principles of the Juche idea are the guide toestab?lishing Juche in Party and state activities, and in allspheres of revo?lution and construction. They are explicitfundamental principles which must be observed in

successfully carrying out the revolution and construction byadhering to the independent and creative stands andenhancing the role of ideological consciousness.In order to apply the Juche idea to the revolution andconstruction it is essential to observe thoroughly theguiding principles of the Juche idea.1) THE INDEPENDENT STAND MUST BEMAINTAINEDIf the revolution and construction are to be carried out as

required by the Juche idea, independence must bemaintained and realized in Party and state activities.The leader laid down the principles of Juche in ideology,indepen?dence in politics, self-sufficiency in the economy,and self-reliance in defence as the principles of realizingindependence. The principles of Juche, independence, self-sufficiency and self-reliant defence are the guidingprinciples of realizing independence in the spheres ofideology, politics, the economy and defence.

(1) JUCHE IN IDEOLOGYEstablishing Juche in ideology is the primary requirement


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of the masses revolutionary struggle for independence.The revolution and construction are man s consciousactivities. Establishing Juche in thinking, therefore, is theonly way to establish Juche in politics, the economy,

defence, and all other domains.To establish Juche in ideology means having theconsciousness that one is the master of the revolution andconstruction, thinking and doing everything, centring on therevolution in one s own country, and acquiring theviewpoint and attitude of solving all questions by one sown talents and initiative.The party and people of a country are masters of therevolution in that country, and to carry out the revolution inone s country success?fully is the basic mission of theparty and people of one s country. The world revolution,too, will only be successful when the revolu?tion in everycountry is successful and when, on this basis, mutualsupport and cooperation is given. For this reason, the partyand peo?ple of every country must firmly establish Juche inideology, and carry out the revolution and construction intheir country in a respon?sible manner, with the attitude ofmasters.In order to establish Juche in ideology, it is necessary to

equip oneself with the revolutionary idea of the workingclass and with the policy of one s party.The working class is an independent class, and theirrevolutionary thinking is an independent thinking. Onlywhen one is equipped with the revolutionary thought of theworking class, will one be able to carry out successfully therevolution and construction, however diffi?cult andcomplex the situation is, with the awareness that one is themaster of the revolution.

The policy of the revolutionary party of a country, theembodi?ment of the revolutionary thinking of the workingclass, is the guide to the revolution and construction in thatcountry. One must equip oneself with one s party policyand regard it as the guideline of thinking and practice. Thisis the only way to carry out the revolution and constructionin accordance with the desire of one s own people and thespecific reality of one s own country and fulfil one srespon?sibility as master of the revolution.

When we say that we establish Juche in ideology, weprecisely mean that we equip ourselves with the Juche idea


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and Party policy, the embodiment of the Juche idea, andestablish the monolithic ideo?logical system of the Party.Only when the whole Party and the whole society areimbued with the monolithic ideological system, will we be

in a position to say that Juche in ideology has been firmlyestablished.If one is to establish Juche in thinking, one must be wellversed in one s own things.Only when one knows the things of one s country well,will one be able to solve all problems arising in therevolution and construc?tion in an independent manner andto suit one s specific situation and carry out the revolutionand construction in conformity with the aspi?rations andrequirements of one s people. Only then will one be ablealso to love one s country and people ardently anddemonstrate a high degree of patriotic devotion andrevolutionary enthusiasm.Koreans must know well Korean history, geography,economics, culture and the custom of the Korean nation,and in particular our Party s policy, its revolutionaryhistory and revolutionary traditions. Only then will they beable to establish Juche and become true Kore?an patriots,the Korean communists.

In order to establish Juche in thinking, it is necessary topossess a high sense of national dignity and revolutionarypride.Without the sense of national pride that one s nation isinferior to none, without the pride and honour of therevolutionary people, it would be impossible to live up toone s conviction in an independent manner, upholdnational independence and dignity and emerge victo?riousin the difficult revolutionary struggle. A nation with a

strong sense of national dignity and revolutionary pride isunconquerable, but a nation without this attribute ispowerless. The peoples of small countries who have longsuffered oppression by foreign forces need so much themore the sense of national dignity and revolutionary pride.In the small countries where nihilism and flunkeyismtowards big powers are nationally deep-rooted as a result ofthe imperialist policy of assimilating colonies andobliterating their national culture, they must give special

attention to the struggle to increase the sense of nationaldignity and revolutionary pride.


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We must ensure that all the people cherish the dignity of theresourceful and courageous Korean nation, the sense ofpride and honour of a people who is making a revolutionunder the guidance of the great leader in particular.

The task of establishing Juche in ideology requires thatnational culture should be developed and that the culturaland technical levels of the masses raised.We must build culture which is national in form andrevolution?ary and socialistic in content, Juche-orientedculture which agrees with our people s sentiments and isbased on the working-class line. This will make people sideological and spiritual life healthy and facilitate theestablishment of Juche in ideology. In order to developsocialist national culture on a sound basis, we mustthoroughly pre?vent imperialist cultural penetration and, atthe same time, reject the tendency to return to the past andnihilist inclination with regard to the heritage of nationalculture, inherit and develop its fine traditions, and criticallyadopt progressive elements of foreign culture, which arecongenial to our people s sentiments.It is also necessary to make strenuous efforts to developscience and technology and raise the cultural and technicalstandards of the masses. This will enable the working

people to become true masters of nature and society and getrid of the idea of worshipping and depending on others inthe matter related to science and technology, andthoroughly establish Juche.If Juche is to be established in ideology, servility to bigpowers and all other outdated ideas should be opposed.Establishing Juche in thinking itself means an ideologicalemanci?pation of people from the fetters of outdated ideas,and an ideological revolution to establish a new Juche

outlook on the world. In order to establish Juche inideology we must reject all sorts of outdated ideas whichare contrary to the Juche idea, and thoroughly eliminateservi?tude to big powers in particular.Flunkeyism is an attitude peculiar to slaves serving andworship?ping big powers and developed countries, and anattitude of nihilism which means looking down uponone s own country and nation and despising them. If oneis inclined to be servile, one would be in the habit of

grovelling before others and following them: if others taketo revisionism, one would follow suit; and if others adopt


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dogmatism, one would act likewise.As the leader said, if a person falls into flunkeyism, hewould become a fool; if a nation is servile to big power, thecountry would go to ruin; and if a party is subservient to big

powers, it would make a mess of the revolution andconstruction.What is most harmful and dangerous at present isflunkeyism towards US imperialism in particular. Thisservility, which is expressed in the fear and worship of theUnited States, is doing a great harm to the revolutionarystruggle of the people. The harmfulness of this servility ismost notable in south Korea today. Servility to USimperialism, which has been spread by the US imperialistaggressors and their stooges, is the most harmfulideological poison which is paralysing people s nationaland class consciousness in south Korea and trampling uponthe precious cultural heritage and beautiful customs of ournation. Unless the struggle is intensified to oppose the fearand worship of the United States among the south Koreanpeople and to heighten their spirit of national independence,neither the victory of the south Korean revolution nor theindepen?dent reunification of the country would bepossible.

The struggle to establish Juche and oppose flunkeyismtowards big powers is a serious question on which thedestiny of the revolu?tion depends. We will continue tointensify the struggle to eliminate flunkeyism and establishJuche in ideology and thus guarantee the ultimate victory ofthe Korean revolution.

(2) INDEPENDENCE IN POLITICS

Politics is of decisive significance in social life. Withoutindepen?dence in politics it would be impossible to talkabout independence at all. Juche in ideology is expressed,above all, by independence in politics, and self-sufficiencyin the economy and self-reliance in defence, too, areguaranteed by independence in politics.Maintaining independence in politics means upholdingnational independence and sovereignty of one s people,

defending their inter?ests and conducting politics by relyingon them.


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As the leader instructed, political independence is the firstcriteri?on and the life and soul of an independent sovereignstate. Only when a nation maintains political independence,will it be able to ensure independence and freedom and be

happy and prosperous. The revolution is a struggle to winpolitical independence before anything else. Since allquestions related to revolution and construction dependdirectly on politics, it can be said that the destiny of therevo?lutionary cause is determined, after all, by politicalindependence.In order to ensure political independence, it is imperative toset up a people s government.Man s right to independence finds typical expression instate power. So the working class and the masses of thepeople, to realize independence completely, must first of allbecome masters of state power. Only when they hold statepower in their hands and become true masters of state andsociety, will they be able to attain political independenceand lead an independent and creative life.In order to guarantee political independence it is necessaryto build internal political forces.Political forces are the main component of the revolutionaryforces. Only when one builds strong internal political forces

and relies on them, will one be able to win and preservesovereignty and ensure independent politics. If powerfulinternal political forces are to be developed, it is imperativeto strengthen the party, the leading revolutionary force, andachieve the unity and solidarity of the entire populationbased on the worker-peasant alliance with the working classat its core. What is most important here is to rally all thepeople closely around the party and the leader. When theparty and the peo?ple are solidly united into a single

political force, they will be able to display boundlessstrength and emerge victorious in the revolution andconstruction.If one is to ensure political independence, one must haveone s own guiding thought, work out one s policy byoneself in accordance with one s decision, and carry itthrough.The main thing in politics is to formulate policies andimplement them. It can be said that independent politics

consists in formulating and implementing all policiesindependently. Yielding to foreign pressure and tolerating


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foreign intervention in politics or acting at the instigation ofothers would make it impossible to maintain principle andconsistency, and would lead the revolution and constructionto failure.

Our Party has laid down and implemented all its policiesinde?pendently in accordance with the interests of ourpeople and the specific conditions of our country, with theJuche idea as the only guiding ideology, under the wiseguidance of the leader. That is why it has always wonshining victories in the revolution and con?struction.In order to ensure independence in politics, it is imperativeto exercise complete sovereignty and equality in foreignrelations.Independence of a party and a state is expressed, after all, inforeign relations. To exercise complete sovereignty andequality in foreign relations is fundamental in ensuringpolitical indepen?dence. Sovereignty is an inviolable rightof all parties, all coun?tries, and all peoples. There are bigand small parties, big and small countries, andeconomically developed and underdeveloped peoples in theworld, but all parties, all countries and peoples are equaland independent. No one should encroach upon thesovereignty of others and no one should tolerate

encroachment on one s sovereignty.Independence is not in conflict with internationalism but isthe basis of its strengthening. Just as the world revolution isinconceiv?able without the revolution in one s owncountry, internationalism divorced from independencecannot exist. As a matter of principle, internationalistsolidarity must be based on freedom of choice and equality.Only when it is founded on independence, willinternation?alist solidarity become based on free choice and

equality and become genuine and durable.Our Party is adhering to the policy of strengthening thesolidari?ty of the socialist countries and the internationalcommunist move?ment on the basis of opposingimperialism and giving support to national-liberationmovements in colonies and the international working-classmovement, continuing advance to socialism andcommunism, and observing the principles ofnoninterference in each other s internal affairs, mutual

respect, equality and mutual benefit. Our country is alsoadhering to the policy of joining forces with non-aligned


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countries, the newly-emerging nations, on the principles ofrespect for territorial integrity and state power,nonaggression, noninterference in each other s internalaffairs, equality and mutual benefit, and of cooperating with

all countries which are friendly towards us.In the future, too, we will uphold sovereignty and equalityin foreign relations and maintain the principle of combiningindependence with internationalism.(3) SELF-SUFFICIENCY IN THE ECONOMYThe economy is the material basis of social life. Economicself-sufficiency enables one to consolidate theindependence of one s country and live independently,provides a sure guarantee for Juche in ideology,independence in politics, and self-reliance in defence andensures rich material and cultural lives for the people.In order to implement the principle of economic self-sufficiency, one must build an independent nationaleconomy.Building an independent national economy means buildingan economy which is free from dependence on others andwhich stands on its own feet, an economy which servesone s own people and develops on the strength of theresources of one s own country and by the efforts of

one s own people. Such an economy makes it possi?ble todevelop the productive forces quickly by utilizing thenation s natural resources in a rational and integrated way,improve the peo?ple s living standard continuously,strengthen the material and tech?nical foundations ofsocialism, and increase the nation s political, economicand military power. It also ensures the exercise ofcom?plete sovereignty and equality in political andeconomic affairs in international relations and contributes

to strengthening the world s anti-imperialist, independentforces and socialist forces. It is vital to build an independentnational economy particularly in those coun?tries whichwere backward economically and technically because ofimperialist domination and plunder in the past. Only whenthey build an independent national economy in thesecountries, will they be able to repel the new colonial policyof the imperialists, free them?selves completely from theirdomination and exploitation, wipe out national inequality,

and vigorously advance on the road of socialism.In order to build an independent national economy, it is


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essential to adhere to the principle of self-reliance ineconomic construction.Self-reliance is the revolutionary spirit and a principle ofstruggle of the communists in carrying out the revolution by

their own initia?tive. One must believe in one s ownstrength and depend on it in eco?nomic construction, just asin all other activities for the revolution and construction. Apeople who energetically struggle, with confi?dence in theirown capability, will be able to do any difficult work. But apeople who have no faith in their own power but only lookup to others, will not do anything successfully. Only whenone mobi?lizes the efforts of one s people and theresources of one s country and relies on one s ownfinancial resources and technology on the principle of self-reliance, will one be able to develop the economy quickly atone s own desire, overcome all difficulties and bringpros?perity to the country.If an independent national economy is to be built, theeconomy must be developed in a diversified and integralmanner.Unlike the capitalist economy which is geared to makemoney, the socialist independent economy is always aimedat meeting the demands of the country and the people. So

an independent economy should naturally be developed insuch a multifarious and integral way as to produceindependently heavy and light industry goods andagricultural products to make the country rich and powerfuland improve the people s living standard. Such aneconomy can also develop safely and quickly on a solidbasis.In order to build an independent economy which isdeveloped in a multifarious and comprehensive way, it is

necessary, as our practical experience shows, to follow theline of giving preference to the development of heavyindustry and developing light industry and agriculturesimultaneously.Heavy industry with the machine-building industry as itsback?bone is the pillar of an independent national economy.Heavy indus?try developed in such a way can guaranteeeconomic and technical independence and accelerate thedevelopment of light industry and agriculture and the

national economy as a whole on the basis of moderntechnology. Moreover, simultaneous development of light


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indus?try and agriculture, along with heavy industry, canensure a systemat?ic improvement of the people s livingstandard and boost the devel?opment of heavy industryitself. Solving the problem of food on one s own through

successful farming, in particular, is of tremendoussignificance in providing the people with stabilized livingconditions and an independent life.Equipping the economy with modern techniques andtraining the nation s technical cadres on an extensive scaleare indispensable for the construction of an independentnational economy.Technical independence is absolutely necessary foreconomic independence. When one has one s owndeveloped techniques, one will be able to develop and usethe natural resources of the country effectively and developthe national economy in a diversified man?ner. Developedtechnology also provides the possibility to free the workingmasses from backbreaking labour, narrow down thediffer?ences between physical and mental labour andresolve independently the difficult and complex problemsarising in economic and defence construction. Eliminatingtechnical backwardness from the national economy andequipping it with modern techniques is a revolution. Only

when the technical revolution is accelerated continuouslythrough the mobilization of all possibilities in every sector,will tech?nology develop quickly and the country attaineconomic and techni?cal independence in a short time.Solving the question of the nation s technical personnel isa major factor in the struggle for economic and technicalindependence. This is essential to guaranteeing economicand technological progress by one s own initiative. This isa particularly important task in building a new society for

those countries which were under the yoke of imperialismin the past and which consequently were far removed frommodern science and technical development. Therefore, inorder to undertake the technical revolution and attaineconomic and technical independence, one must put a lot ofeffort into the cultural revo?lution and thus raise thecultural and technical levels of the working masses andtrain an army of national technical cadres. We mustreso?lutely implement the leader s policy of

intellectualizing the whole society, further raise the culturaland technical levels of the working masses, improve the


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qualities of technical cadres, and train more techniciansbetter.In order to build an independent national economy, it isnecessary to establish reliable and independent sources of

raw materials and fuel.Depending on others for raw materials and fuel is as goodas leav?ing one s economic lifeline in the hands of others.If one is to be eco?nomically self-sufficient and develop theeconomy on a safe basis and with a long-term perspective,one must depend on one s own raw-material and fuelsources and mainly meet one s own demand for them. Tothis end, one must exploit the natural resources of one scountry to the maximum and utilize them rationally and, atthe same time, develop the industry to be a Juche-orientedone which relies on domestic raw materials and fuel fromthe outset.Building an independent national economy on the principleof self-reliance does not mean building an economy inisolation. An independent economy is opposed to foreigneconomic domination and subjugation; but it does not ruleout international economic cooperation. Close economicand technical cooperation between socialist countries andnewly-emerging nations, in particular, plays an important

part in ensuring economic self-sufficiency in thesecountries and in increasing their economic power.Today, the peoples of newly-emerging countries arestruggling against the US and other imperialists policy ofaggression and plun?der, in defence of their nationalsovereignty and natural resources, and in order to put anend to the old economic order by which a few capitalistpowers have exploited and plundered at will the majority ofthe countries and peoples throughout the world, and to

establish a new fair world economic order. The newly-emerging countries have inexhaustible manpower resourcesand natural wealth and huge eco?nomic potentialities. Theyalso have a good deal of valuable experience andtechniques which can be shared and exchanged. If theystrengthen economic and technical cooperation andvigorously strug?gle with their forces united, the newly-emerging countries and peo?ples will be able to thwart theimperialist policy of aggression and plunder, uphold their

national dignity and right to survival, and achieve economicself-sufficiency and prosperity in a short period without


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depending on great powers.The important task confronting us today in building thesocialist independent national economy is to accelerate theJuche-orientation, modernization and scientization of the

national economy.As the leader said explicitly, the Juche-orientation,modernization and scientization of the national economyconstitute the strategic line that must be consistentlyfollowed in economic construction for socialism andcommunism. By pushing forward the Juche-orienta?tion,modernization and scientization of the national economy,hold?ing on fast to the line of building the independentnational economy, we must further strengthen theindependence and Juche character of the national economy,continue to modernize technical equipment and put allproductive and management activities completely on ascientific basis.

(4) SELF-RELIANCE IN DEFENCE

Self-reliance in defence is a fundamental principle of anindepen?dent sovereign state. A state without self-reliant

armed forces capa?ble of defending the country from theenemies at home and abroad when imperialism existscannot, in fact, be called a completely inde?pendentsovereign state.Imperialism is a constant cause of war, and the main forceof aggression and war today is US imperialism.As the leader said, we do not want war, nor are we afraid ofit, nor do we beg peace from the imperialists. The best wayto preserve national independence and peace and win the

revolutionary cause is to counter the imperialist war ofaggression with the war of libera?tion, answer thecounterrevolutionary violence of reaction withrevo?lutionary violence, and always meet the imperialistmoves of aggres?sion and war in full preparedness.For this purpose, we must implement the principle of self-reliance in defence.Self-reliant defence is a military guarantee for a nation spolitical independence and economic self-sufficiency. Only

when one imple?ments the principle of self-reliant defence,will one be able to repel imperialist aggression and


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intervention, defend the nation s political independenceand economic self-sufficiency and safeguard therevo?lutionary achievements and the security of the people.Implementing the principle of self-reliant defence means

defend?ing one s country by one s own efforts. Ofcourse, one may receive aid in national defence fromfraternal countries and friends. But it is impossible todepend on others for the defence of one s own country. Inany case, the main thing is one s own strength. Only whenone is strong, will foreign aid prove effective. In nationaldefence, there?fore, one should rely on the efforts of one sown people and one s own defence capability beforeanything else. Defence work, too, is an undertaking for thepeople and of the people themselves. If all the peopleparticipate in unison in the national-liberation struggle andin the defence of the country, under the leadership of therevolutionary party, they will be able to repel all imperialistaggressors and safe?guard national independence andrevolutionary achievements.In order to implement the principle of self-reliant defence,one must have armed forces capable of defending one scountry.Such armed forces must embrace the sons and daughters of

the working people. An army whose men and commandingofficers come from among the workers, peasants and otherworking people, can guarantee unity between the army andthe people, and between superiors and subordinates, andbecome a truly self-reliant people s army whichsafeguards national independence and revolutionaryachievements and serves the people.If the principle of self-reliant defence is to be implemented,a defence system involving all the people and the whole

country must be established.The establishment of such a defence system requires thatthe whole of the army must be turned into a cadre army andmodernized. Only when the whole army is a cadre army,will it become strong and provide the necessary force ofcommanders and multiply its strength in case of need. Anda modernized army which blends its politico-ideologicalsuperiority with modern technology will become a reallyunconquerable revolutionary army.

In order to set up an all-people, all-nation defence system, itis also necessary to arm all the people and fortify the whole


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country. When all the people are under arms and the wholecountry becomes a fortress, all the people can be mobilizedto crush the enemy as soon as it comes in to attack from anyquarter, and defend th

on the juche idea

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