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On the Impact of Security Protocols on the Performance of SNMP

J. Schonwalder and V. MarinovIEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management, 2011, pp.52-64

http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TNSM.2011.012111.00011

24 slides

Group 6KHAN, Taimur KONG, JingSHIH, MinSUN, MengtiYU, Chenglin

Summary

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Question: How can SSH, TLS, DTLS be used to address limitations in SNMPv3/USM?

Analyzing impact and performance between the various options to secure SNMP

Answer this question by

Outline

• Background• SNMP Architecture• Message-based Security• Session-based Security• Performance Evaluation• Key Findings• Guidelines for Choosing Solutions

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Background

SSH, TLS, DTLS are introduced which can take advantage of already deployed key management infrastructures 4

SNMPv1 has no cryptographic security && the engineered solution on SNMPv2 is too complex

USM (User- based Security Model) on SNMPv3

SNMPv3 and USM have to deploy another user and key management infrastructure high cost

SNMP Architecture

5Ref. RFC3414(USM), 3584(CSM), 5591(TSM), 5592(SSHTM), 6353(TLSTM)

ASIs are the interfaces between subsystem

Message-based Security

• CSM (SNMPv1, SNMPv2c)– Plain-text community string which provides very little security.

• USM (SNMPv3)– noAuthNoPriv (nn)

• no authentication, no encryption

– authNoPriv (an)• message authentication, message integrity, timeliness checking• no encryption

– authPriv (ap)• message authentication, message integrity, timeliness checking• encryption of the payload of SNMP messages

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TSD for Message-based Security

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Session-based Security

• Transport Security Model– Negligible costs on passing existing information

• SSH Transport Model– Many methods for authentication

• TLS Transport Model for TLS– Session resumption mechanism– X.509 certificates for authentication

• TLS Transport Model for DTLS (over datagram)

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TSD for Session-based Security

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Performance Evaluation

• Session Establishment• Latency without Packet Loss• Bandwidth Usage• Latency with Packet Loss• Impact of Bulk Retrieval

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Session EstablishmentPERFORMANCE OF A SINGLE SNMPGET REQUESTS (SYSDESCR.0)

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USM/ap ≈ USM/an ≈ USM/nnlittle benefit in removing auth/priv

Slow machine

Fast machine

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USM/ap ≈ TSM/SSH ≈ TSM/(D)TLSdifference of protocols do not have much impact on delays if using similar hash functions and encryption transformations

Latency without Packet Loss （ II）

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For v3/USM/ap, v3/USM/nn, v2/CSMover UDP ≈ over TCP

UDP ≈ TCP in a fast reliable network

15USM/ap > USM/an > USM/nn > SNMPv2/TCP >SNMPv2/UDP

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TSM/TLS > TSM/SSH > USM > TSM/DTLS

Latency with Packet Loss• TCP's retransmission algorithm clearly

outperforms simple non-adaptive SNMP retransmission algorithm

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PACKET SIZES FOR ALL SECURITY MODEL / TRANSPORT / SECURITY LEVEL COMBINATIONS

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Impact of Bulk Retrieval

↑ max-repetitions parameter (r)↓ number of interaction needed↓ overall latency

In the best case, r reduces the number of interactions to 1/r. But not the same factor for latency

Key Findings• TLS session resumption feature significantly reduces the

session reestablishment costs.– The resumption mechanism for SSH has yet to be

standardised• The difference between USM, SSH, TLS and DTLS in terms of

latency is small after the session is established.• The non-adaptive SNMP retransmission algorithm is

outperformed by TCP algorithms in packet loss networks.• The usage of GetBulk dramatically reduces the number of

requests sent over the network, resulting in much better overall performance.

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Guidelines for Choosing Solutions(SNMPv3/TSM/SSH)

• Good AAA Integration• Easy derivation of securityName• Efficient message encoding• × Large session establishment overhead• × Lack of session resumption mechanisms• TCP Supports large messages better than UDP• TCP retransmission algorithms work well

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Guidelines for Choosing Solutions(SNMPv3/TSM/TLS)

• Same pros and cons of using TCP as SSHTM• TLS session resumption• Less session startup overhead than SSH• × Less efficient in message encodings than SSH• × Complicated derivation of securityName• × Lack of good AAA integration• × X.509 infrastructure must be in place

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Guidelines for Choosing Solutions(SNMPv3/TSM/DTLS)

• Shares most of the pros and cons of TLSTM• Smaller framing overhead over UDP• Applications have control over retransmissions• Although application retransmission timers

are to be coordinated with DTLS retransmission timers

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Guidelines for Choosing Solutions(SNMPv3/USM/UDP)

• Separate key management infrastructure– Ensures the availability of security regardless of

the presence of other infrastructures– × Expensive to deploy

• Works efficiently if interactions are sporadic• Applications have full control over

retransmissions.• SNMP/UDP may suffer from IP fragmentation

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Related work

• Session resumption for the secure shell protocolhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1109/INM.2009.5188805

Thank you!

Question?

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