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1 Onmachine Measurement for Precision Correctivepolishing of Aspheres and Freeform Surfaces David Walker, Christopher King University College London Zeeko Ltd & Zeeko Research Ltd Based at the OpTIC Technium, North Wales

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Page 1: On-machine Measurement for Precision Corrective-polishing ...resource.npl.co.uk/docs/networks/eman/meetings/20090129_high_accuracy/... · Precision Corrective‐polishing of Aspheres

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On‐machine Measurement for Precision Corrective‐polishing ofAspheres and Freeform Surfaces

David Walker, Christopher KingUniversity College London

Zeeko Ltd & Zeeko Research Ltd

Based at the OpTIC Technium, North Wales

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Sub‐title

An update on an on‐going product development

Acknowledgements

• Funding from PPARC (now STFC) PIPSS scheme

• Collaboration between UCL, Zeeko Ltd and the OpTIC Technium

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Areas of interest include …• Optical lenses and mirrors

– Head‐up displays 

– Defence and space optics

– Telescope and instrumentation optics

• Hip and knee joint implants

• Turbine blades

• Moulds and dies

• Mandrels for X‐ray mirrors

• But, we’ll address larger components for now!

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The polishing technology• Range of CNC polishing machines

– Zeeko‐Classic inflated bonnet tools– Fluid‐jet polishing

• Polish rough surfaces• Rectify measured form‐errors

Run machine

Measure surface

form-error

Measure tool removal function (‘influence

function’)

Numerical optimisation of process

Iterate

Finish

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Aspheres & free‐form surfaces• Measurement dynamic range• Need for null (‘corrective’) optics 

– The Hubble Space telescope problem!

For large parts

• Risk of damage in handling• Substantial down‐time measuring off‐machine,

– moving the component– re‐adjusting at test setup and back on machine – thermal stabilization

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A case study• European Extremely Large Telescope project

– 42m optical telescope with 960 hexagonal segments

– Each segment:‐ 1.4m off‐axis asphere– Total requirement of 1,148 segments (inc. spares)

• Contract at OpTIC Technium to produce seven prototype segments using Zeeko technology

• Particular issue of measuring segment edges

• Role of on‐machine metrology

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On‐machine metrology

• Demountable interferometer module to fit tool‐chuck of the larger Zeeko machines

• Overlapping sub‐aperture measurements– Sub‐apertures cover pupil optimally

– Sub‐apertures are stitched in software

– Residuals in overlap‐regions => estimate of uncertainty of stitched results

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Advantages

• Increased dynamic range for on‐ and off‐ axis aspheres

• Close‐up test reduces effects of air‐turbulence

• Increased spatial resolution (more pixels)

• Handle large parts

• Handle steeply convex parts

• Possible application to convex/concave parts (e.g. saddles)

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Key issues

• Size‐envelope of module

• Environmental conditions– Vibration:‐ ambient, machine servos

– Heat‐load from machine and process

• Effectiveness of stitching software 

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Test‐rig for software development

Stepper‐motor rolling‐element slide‐ways

Old Zygo PTI interferometer with Vidicon

Vibration‐isolated bench

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Stitching• Individual phase‐maps require correction for geometric distortion

• In the general case, stitching will not work well without distortion correction, especially on strongly‐curved surfaces.

Distortion in optical system

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Effect of distortion

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Stitching

• Stitching then proceeds by optimization of the residuals in the overlap areas.

• The stitching error is estimated from residual noise, merit function and analysing data in the sub‐aperture overlap areas.

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Example stitching a convex part

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First results 1. Full aperture measurement

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2. Raw sub‐aperture measurements

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3. Comparison

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4. Differencefull-aperture & stitched

PV=92 nmRMS 11 nm

Much of the residual error is systematic. Calibration is predicted to leave a few nm residual.

Expect residuals        ~ X10 improvement after calibration

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Stitching a part with complex features (140mm diameter)

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Stitched result

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Module design: vibration and thermal • Collaboration with 4D Technologies Corp.

– 4D are developing a compact version of their simultaneous phase‐shift interferometers

– Short exposures freeze vibration

• Interferometer tests in machine environment confirm suitability for metrology– Polishing environment is flooded with polishing slurry at constant temperature when in use.

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Module concept in polishing machine

X,Y,Z,A,B motions

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Next stages

• Validate stitching on aspheres• Evaluate prototype 4D compact interferometer

• Integrate optics and interferometer into on‐machine module

• Formal consideration of uncertainty of measurement

• Delivery of first commercial system

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Thank you!