1Varna 2007

On a technology On a technology of paperless of paperless document document

circulationcirculation

((Joint Institute for Nuclear Joint Institute for Nuclear ResearchResearch )

D.V. Belyakov, I.M. Gostev, N.A. Davydova, D.V. Belyakov, I.M. Gostev, N.A. Davydova, V.V. Ivanov, V.V. Ivanov,

L.A. Kalmykova, T.S. Syresina, P.V. Zrelov L.A. Kalmykova, T.S. Syresina, P.V. Zrelov

2Varna 2007

Introduction (1)Introduction (1)

The appropriate information is necessary for The appropriate information is necessary for acceptance of the correct solution in the form of acceptance of the correct solution in the form of some document. some document.

This information can exist in various aspects, This information can exist in various aspects, impregnated-paper, electronic, verbal, visual it is, impregnated-paper, electronic, verbal, visual it is, etc. etc.

Obvious, that for operation of an information system Obvious, that for operation of an information system (IS) it is necessary to transform this information to (IS) it is necessary to transform this information to the electronic form. the electronic form.

Now the most widespread mode of input of such Now the most widespread mode of input of such information in the system is digitization of already information in the system is digitization of already existing documents. existing documents.

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Introduction (2)Introduction (2)

However such practice has many the However such practice has many the negative factors. negative factors.

• At first, the errors determined by a At first, the errors determined by a human factor or abusing are possible. human factor or abusing are possible.

• Secondly, in this case processes of Secondly, in this case processes of forming of the electronic document are forming of the electronic document are gained separated from real vital processes, gained separated from real vital processes, and the information loses the topicality or and the information loses the topicality or ceases to be valid. ceases to be valid.

• Thirdly, decision-making process in Thirdly, decision-making process in impregnated-paper realization practically impregnated-paper realization practically does not give in to the control, both in does not give in to the control, both in time, and in space.time, and in space.

Process Process Oriented ISOriented IS

To be liberated from these disadvantage it is necessary, that To be liberated from these disadvantage it is necessary, that the information in IS varied synchronously with real vital the information in IS varied synchronously with real vital processes.processes. Therefore IS operation should be organized similarly, in the Therefore IS operation should be organized similarly, in the form of processes. The information in such IS should vary form of processes. The information in such IS should vary according to modifications in the real world. according to modifications in the real world. Then, the mechanism of operation of such system should be Then, the mechanism of operation of such system should be based on interior processes synchronously flow with real, and based on interior processes synchronously flow with real, and the system should be named as “the system should be named as “process orientedprocess oriented”.”. At such organization there is a possibility of a paperless At such organization there is a possibility of a paperless process engineering.process engineering. Making of a template of some document Making of a template of some document means initialization of appropriate process in system. means initialization of appropriate process in system. Document driving on instances – a modification of a contents Document driving on instances – a modification of a contents and-or properties which have this process. Decision-making and-or properties which have this process. Decision-making stage and its registration means actually the termination of stage and its registration means actually the termination of such process. Information in IS varies in process of a such process. Information in IS varies in process of a modification of exterior processes and circumstances, and on modification of exterior processes and circumstances, and on the process termination is automatically fixed in an IS. Such the process termination is automatically fixed in an IS. Such mechanism of making of documents we will term as mechanism of making of documents we will term as paperless paperless document circulationdocument circulation. .

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Component of Component of ProcessProcess

• Document initialization – function of Document initialization – function of creating of the template of the new creating of the template of the new document in IS. Depending on its document in IS. Depending on its content to this template some properties content to this template some properties are appropriated. For transiting on are appropriated. For transiting on stages the persons which involvement is stages the persons which involvement is necessary for issue of this document are necessary for issue of this document are assigned.assigned.

• Document editing – modification of a Document editing – modification of a document content, without a document content, without a modification of its properties.modification of its properties.

• Document conversion – modification Document conversion – modification of properties of the document (in of properties of the document (in process a vising or decision), without a process a vising or decision), without a modification of its content (for example, modification of its content (for example, a modification of an amount of vising a modification of an amount of vising person).person).

InitializatInitializationion

EditingEditing

DecisionDecision

RegistratiRegistrationon ArchiviArchivingng

VisingVising

E-E-mailmail

ControControll

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Component of Component of Process (2)Process (2)Vising – acquaintance of the persons having Vising – acquaintance of the persons having relation to it to the document and obtaining relation to it to the document and obtaining their opinion about it. their opinion about it.

•Desigion – acceptance of the positive or Desigion – acceptance of the positive or negative solution about embodying of a content negative solution about embodying of a content of the given document.of the given document.

•Registration – giving to the document of the Registration – giving to the document of the number and obtaining of a hard copy of the number and obtaining of a hard copy of the ready document.ready document.

•Archiving – conversion of the ready document Archiving – conversion of the ready document to the shape convenient for storage in electronic to the shape convenient for storage in electronic archive.archive.

•Dispatch – operation which informs all Dispatch – operation which informs all interested persons of some facts and-or events.interested persons of some facts and-or events.

•The control over fulfillment – allows to realize The control over fulfillment – allows to realize management or other operations attending management or other operations attending embodying of some document.embodying of some document.

DecisionDecision

RegistratiRegistrationon ArchiviArchivingng

VisingVising

Dispatispatchch

ControControll

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Type of ProcessType of ProcessIn any organization there is some enumeration of the In any organization there is some enumeration of the processes generating documents. In a scientific orb they can processes generating documents. In a scientific orb they can be parted on following categories.be parted on following categories.

•Listing of Staff.Listing of Staff. A set of the processes ensuring issuing of A set of the processes ensuring issuing of orders on acceptance on operation/dismissal/transfer of orders on acceptance on operation/dismissal/transfer of employees.employees.

• Administrative-financial activityAdministrative-financial activity of the organization of the organization includes set of operations from the financial point of view: includes set of operations from the financial point of view: accounts department, scheduling, the finance, the real estate, accounts department, scheduling, the finance, the real estate, supply, etc.supply, etc.

•Forming of scientific planesForming of scientific planes. A set of the processes . A set of the processes submitting to a possibility of preparation of scientific submitting to a possibility of preparation of scientific schedules from the moment of development to realization and schedules from the moment of development to realization and financing.financing.

•ContingentContingent. A set of the processes, allowing to generate . A set of the processes, allowing to generate structure of scientific personnel (without a modification of the structure of scientific personnel (without a modification of the list of staff) for realization of research of a various profile for list of staff) for realization of research of a various profile for optimization of quality and dates of performance of scientific optimization of quality and dates of performance of scientific schedules.schedules.

•Dissertational advicesDissertational advices. A set of operations accompanying . A set of operations accompanying shields and other scientific actions.shields and other scientific actions.

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Role and Role and PrivilegePrivilege

Determination:Determination: the the RoleRole in an information medium we will in an information medium we will understand adding to some physical person – a set of the rights understand adding to some physical person – a set of the rights to obtaining of services in IS in some process, according to the to obtaining of services in IS in some process, according to the auxiliary standing. As roles usage of posts according to the list auxiliary standing. As roles usage of posts according to the list of staff is supposed. of staff is supposed.

Determination:Determination: the concept of the concept of the rightthe right of system means of system means availability or inaccessibility of some services, according to the availability or inaccessibility of some services, according to the role in an IS in some process.role in an IS in some process.

The right of used the role means a quantity of possibilities which The right of used the role means a quantity of possibilities which is assigned to some person having access to system.is assigned to some person having access to system.

The The right to transmission of the rightsright to transmission of the rights to other person means a to other person means a possibility of transmission of some set of possibilities on possibility of transmission of some set of possibilities on realization of some operations in system. realization of some operations in system.

Transmission of rights can be carried out both for some time, Transmission of rights can be carried out both for some time, and for realization of some operations. Besides, and for realization of some operations. Besides, transmissiontransmission of of rights can be carried out exclusively, that is realization of rights can be carried out exclusively, that is realization of transmitted operations complete, or partially when the transmitted operations complete, or partially when the transmitting person can execute transmitted operations in transmitting person can execute transmitted operations in bridge.bridge.

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Dynamics Role Dynamics Role Assigning

Process of assigning of a role in some process consists of several phases (dynamic role assigning):• Adding to some person of the initial role corresponding to his official duties is carried out at his initial logging in IS.• Appropriations to him of the temporary rights after initialization of some process which will demand on behalf of realization of some operations.• After realization of the functions ordered to the person in some process or after the process termination restoring of those rights which the user had before process start-up is yielded.

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Architecture of ISArchitecture of IS

IS essentially differs from usual database structures because it should comprise a mechanism of management over the processes. It include some addition areas.

Build-in procedure

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Internal areaInternal area

Internal area is a traditionally organized database containing all necessary tables and links between them. The architecture and the information content of the this area is determined by needs of the organization and the set of the processes which should be performed in the system.

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External areaExternal area consists of separate tables, each

contains a list of nonstructural information used in one of the processes. Each type process has an individual table in external area. Initialization of the process leads to a new record in one of the tables in the external area. The termination of the process leads to deleting this record. During the process this record is filled by necessary data. They can be received as follows:• they are read out from the internal area by means

of the DB built-in procedure;• they are filled with IS external interface by the

user;• they are generated by IS itself on the basis of the

process performance rules.

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Managing areaManaging area contains a structure where the

mechanisms of flowing each process are registered. When beginning some process, there is an initializing of algorithm of its operation. The next its step are performance:• The process participants are appointed, and their roles are prescribed. • Corresponding records about transition of the process from one state to another are made. • Changes in the condition and filling of the document are fixed. There is an opportunity to re-distribute rights to other persons, etc. • Upon the end of the process all records about its performance are deleted from this area, including the rights of the participants of this process.

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Archiving and Archiving and registration areasregistration areas

Archiving area contains several tables where the

information is registered required for reconstruction of the external areas of the document in case it should be restored from the electronic archive. All data on the course of performing the process are

written in these tables, i.e. which one, when and what actions have been done with the template. Besides, the information on documents with

accepted negative decisions are also archived.

Registration area is a unique place when the user can cooperate with IS.

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Positive factorsPositive factorsUse of this architecture allows one to solve some more problems:

• A first problem is the IS data protection. There are no direct access to IS. All operation into its is realized from built-in procedures.

• A second problem is increasing acceleration of work of the IS. As all operations in the system are performed at the built-in procedures stored in internal DB areas.

• A third problem which is solved conclude in the maximal unification of such type architecture. The method of the managing IS allows one to bring all information about the processes into the managing area. After that all processes are performed automatically. This mechanism based on the finite state machine (FSM) is used. The implementation of such an FSM is very simple and can be tabulated as follows:

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FSM of management FSM of management of processof process

№ Name Description of properties Possible transition to

the states

Functions

1. Initialization Creation of the document, filling of the content, assignment of initial properties.

2 Initialization

2. Editing Change of the content of the document without change of its essence.

3, 4 Editing

3.Vising

Makes accessible the service on vising the document and introduction of remarks as to its

content without change of its content

2, 3, 4.Transformation

4. Decision Make positive or negative solution of the document

2, 3, 5, 7. Transformation

5Registration

Assignment of a number to the document, stamp and seal and signing of a paper copy for archive.

6, 7 Numbering

6. Dispatch Dispatch of the document according to the dispatch list

7 ---------

7. Archiving Transformation of the document for its introduction into electronic archive

----------- Archiving

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Example (1)Example (1)A prototype of such an information system

developed for LIT JINR is available on LIT website at http://lit.jinr.ru/DoctorDoc/

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Example Example (2)(2)

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Joint Institute for Nuclear ResearchJoint Institute for Nuclear Research Laboratory of Information Laboratory of Information

TechnologiesTechnologies

On a construction of On a construction of

distributed information distributed information systemsystem

D.V. Belyakov, I.M. GostevD.V. Belyakov, I.M. Gostev,, N.A. Davydova, V.V. N.A. Davydova, V.V. Ivanov, Ivanov,

L.A. Kalmykova, T.S. Syresina, P.V. ZrelovL.A. Kalmykova, T.S. Syresina, P.V. Zrelov

(JINR)(JINR)

20Varna 2007

Three or four tier Three or four tier architecture of ISarchitecture of IS

Web Browser Application Server

Web Server

CGI, WinCGI, ISAPI, NSAPI

ServerRDBMS

Static request HTML

Dynamic request HTML

Request HTML for execute Buil-in Procedure

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Clusters using Clusters using deficiencydeficiency

Controller of clusters

Usage of a ready machine cluster (Condor, MPI, EJEE, Globus) for decision administrative task in architecture the IS will lead to irregular usage of all machine resources.

One computers are used, others – are not used.

For improving of this situation is necessary to expand the existing architecture.

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Intrinsic three tier Intrinsic three tier architecturearchitectureThin client

Thin client

DCOM,TCP/IP,

OLE Enterprise

Business

ObjectBroker

RemoteData

Broker

Business

Rules

ServerOLE

Enterprise

Application Server

Data Base

ConstraintBroker

Thin client

Thin client

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Virtual Servers Virtual Servers and Servicesand Services

ASDispatcher of

Virtual Servers

Virtual ApplicationServer( VAS )

Virtual Process ofServices

The problem solution on the equal load of all computers can be based on introduction of the virtual servers and services.

The Virtual Application Server – process started on demand of the user on the separate computer.

Virtual Process of Services – the virtual process which services concrete request of the user about the separate computer.

Dispatcher of virtual Services receive demand from user and begin process VAS on remote computer. VAS

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Virtual process toaccess to DBVirtual process to

access to DBVirtual process toaccess to DB

Virtual fabric ofprocess, which services

of request to DB

DBMS

Access Methods to Access Methods to DBDB

For service of remote requests to a DB there are the virtual factories of processes, that is the process generating processes which will be registered and linked to a DB, but are passive in relation to it.

If some VPS is started, it contact through virtual factory of processes with the virtual process of a database access generated (PDA) by it. Thus it is meant, direct record in DB, since registration in the DBMS is finished and it ready to request performance. After finishing work of clients request the PDA is deleted, and factory generate new slipping PDA process.

VPS

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