omsi science pub - chile earthquake
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TRANSCRIPT
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27 February 2010South Central Chile
Earthquake
Professor Scott AshfordOregon State University
Professor Jack MoehleUniversity of California at Berkeley
Professor Pedro ArduinoUniversity of Washington
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2April 9, 2023Science Pub: Chile Earthquake Briefing
Acknowledgments for this broad collaborative effort funded primarily by the National Science Foundation• Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI)• Jack Moehle, Team Leader
• Geo-Engineering Extreme Events Reconnaissance (GEER)• Jon Bray, Team Leader
• Broad participation from Chilean Faculty and Students• Pontifica Universidad Catolica de Chile• University de Chile
• Over 100 other volunteers from around the world
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movie
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2010 Chile earthquake
3:34 am local time27 February 2010
Mw 8.8
Fault rupture 100km x 500 km
Population affected > 8M*
521 confirmed deaths**
190000 homes severely damaged or destroyed
~800,000 homeless
~$30B damages
* ACHISINA**USAID, 3/25/10
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Main shock and aftershocks, Mw 4+, 2/27/10 to 3/27/10(earthquake data after USGS)
Epicenter
Santiago
Concepción
Talca
Valparaíso
Talcahuano
Temuco
Los Ángeles
Constitución
Curicó
Rancagua
Viña del Mar
Chillán
foca
l dep
th, k
m
100 km
Note: The superimposed rectangle has dimensions 600 km by 200 km.
Main shock and aftershocks, Mw 4+, 2/27/10 to 3/27/10(earthquake data after USGS)
Epicenter
Santiago
Concepción
Talca
Valparaíso
Talcahuano
Temuco
Los Ángeles
Constitución
Curicó
Rancagua
Viña del Mar
Chillán
foca
l dep
th, k
m
100 km100 km
Note: The superimposed rectangle has dimensions 600 km by 200 km.
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Main shock and aftershocks, Mw4+, 2/27/10 to 3/27/10
(earthquake data after USGS)
Epicenter
Santiago
Concepción
Talca
Valparaíso
Talcahuano
Temuco
Los Ángeles
Constitución
Curicó
Rancagua
Viña del Mar
Chillánfo
cal d
epth
, km
100 km
Note: The superimposed rectangle has dimensions 600 km by 200 km.
Main shock and aftershocks, Mw4+, 2/27/10 to 3/27/10
(earthquake data after USGS)
Epicenter
Santiago
Concepción
Talca
Valparaíso
Talcahuano
Temuco
Los Ángeles
Constitución
Curicó
Rancagua
Viña del Mar
Chillánfo
cal d
epth
, km
100 km100 km
Note: The superimposed rectangle has dimensions 600 km by 200 km.
Pacific Northwest
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Concepcion
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Talca (AP Photo)
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Pelluhue (AP Photo)
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Learning from Chile
Geological and Geotechnical Aspects
27 February 2010South Central Chile
EarthquakeJune 28, 2010
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Typical Subduction Zone
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Previous Events - Seismic Gap
1960-M9.5
1985-M8.0
Recent Seismic Events
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Measured (GPS) Coseismic Horizontal Displacements
Concepcion moved ~3m towards west
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Coseismic Vertical Displacements
Uplift up to ~2m was recorded in Lebu
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Uplift Evidence
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Uplift Evidence
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Tsunami
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Ground Failure Overview• Ground Failure
– Site effects & strong shaking– Liquefaction– Lateral spreading– Landslides
• Infrastructure impact:– Dams, tailings dams.– Ports & harbors– Buildings– Transportation (roads & bridges)
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SITE EFFECTSGround Failure
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Site Effects: Vespucio Norte & Ciudad EmpresiarialSite Effects: Vespucio Norte & Ciudad Empresiarial
Gravel, Sandy Gravel, Sandy gravelgravelGravel, Sandy Gravel, Sandy gravelgravel
Silty Clay, Silty Silty Clay, Silty SandSandSilty Clay, Silty Silty Clay, Silty SandSand
CollapseCollapseNo collapseNo collapseNo collapseNo collapse
H/V peaks: 0.5-2sec (Bonnefoy et al, 2008)
Damage to 5 to 20-story buildings
QQfnofno: Silt & Clay Layers: Silt & Clay LayersQQfnofno: Silt & Clay Layers: Silt & Clay Layers
Localized Damage – Site Effects?
AAAABBBB
AAAA
BBBB
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LIQUEFACTION &LATERAL SPREADING
Ground Failure
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Lateral Spreading
Lateral spreading near river banks due to liquefaction
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Gas Station - Concepción
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LANDSLIDES & DAMS/TAILING DAMS
Ground Failure
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Landslides
Few deep seated slides were observed
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Dams
Most dams performed well
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Approximate area of failure and flow direction
Tailing DamsLas Palmas tailings dam failure
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Las Palmas Tailing Dam failure (cont)
Besides this case, most tailings dams performed well
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PORTS & HARBORS CASE STUDIES
Impacts of Ground Failure
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Ports & Harbors• Provide important means for importing &
exporting goods in Chile 95% of exports & 90% of imports are
conducted through ports Country has 35 operational ports (10
state owned, 25 privately owned). 2 are military ports
4 ports were inspected in the period 3/13 to 3/18 by GEER team: Valparaiso, San Antonio, Talcahuano & Coronel
Information & Assistance was provided by EERI team and local engineers.
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Valparaiso: Outward quay wall movement and pavement cracks
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San Antonio: Damaged dock
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St Vincente Port
Fishing Wharf
Fish Packaging Facility
Petroleum Facilities
N
Talcahuano Port Area 37
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178m24m42m N
Documented extent of lateral spread
Fishing Pier 39
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N
Approx extent of lateral spread
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Lateral Spreading Effects on Industrial FacilitiesLateral Spreading Effects on Industrial Facilities
Fish Packing Facility, San VicenteFish Packing Facility, San Vicente
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N
Fish Packaging Facility
Petrobas Gas Facility
Water rise
Petrobas Gas Facility 42
Approx extent of lateral spread
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Coronel: Lateral spread displacements
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Coronel: Sinkholes (2.2m deep, 3.5m in diameter)
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Coronel: Rotation of pile due to lateral spreading (not a raked
pile!)
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EMBANKMENT FAILURESImpacts of Ground Failure
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Embankment Failures along Highway 5Embankment Failures along Highway 5
Possible liquefaction of thin seams in foundation soils led to translational failures of highwayembankments
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Talca
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Talca
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Valparaiso, UNESCO Heritage City
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Talca
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FestivalViña del Mar, 14 Stories
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MA
SSEQ
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Santiago
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Santiago
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Santiago
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MA
SSEQ
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Concepcion (AP Photo)
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Collapsed building in Concepcionop
en
ing
s
solidtypical
unit
Tower underconstruction
park
ing
Plan
A BSection A
Section B
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Santiago
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Santiago
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Airports
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Hospitals and health care
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US$2 billion annual sales
Approx. 1 billion liters
70% exported 80,000 full-time
workers
Chilean Wine Industry
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Stainless steel tanks
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Thank You
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72April 9, 2023Science Pub: Chile Earthquake Briefing
Santiago (AP PHOTO/Carlos Espinoza)
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73April 9, 2023Science Pub: Chile Earthquake Briefing
Bridge Team Members
Mark Yashinsky, Team Leader•Caltrans
Rodrigo Oviedo•Universidad Catolica de ChileScott Ashford•Oregon State UniversityLuis Fargier-Gabaldon•Universidad de los Andes, Merida.Matias Hube•Universidad Catolica de Chile
Traveled over 2000 km from Santiagoto Temuco and back over 5 days
Nazca Plate
200 mi
Valparaíso
South America Plate
Temuco
Talca
Ruta 5
Ruta 5
Santiago
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shear key
Temporary shoring of the
beam
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75April 9, 2023Science Pub: Chile Earthquake Briefing
Vert
ical
axis
Rotation or
twisting of the deck
Abutment
Deck
Lateral displacement
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76April 9, 2023Science Pub: Chile Earthquake Briefing
Failed shear key
Seismic barsUndamaged shear key
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77April 9, 2023Science Pub: Chile Earthquake Briefing
Tubul Bridge
Eight span simply supported steel girders on
pier walls. Collapsed attributed to unseating of
beams
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78April 9, 2023Science Pub: Chile Earthquake Briefing
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80April 9, 2023Science Pub: Chile Earthquake Briefing
Summary of Observations on Bridges
• Structures with less continuity generally suffered more damage
• Localized damage suggests the importance of local site effects
• Significant liquefaction and lateral spreading along coast greatly impacted mobility
• Widespread fill settlement was easily repaired, but adversely affected traffic.
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81April 9, 2023Science Pub: Chile Earthquake Briefing
Summary of other Lifeline Performance
• Electric Power• Immediate blackout to 90% of Chile’s population• Transmission capability to provide power within 24 hours• Distribution system service restored with two weeks
• Telecommunication• Both landlines and wireless service serverly affected• Most cell sites ran out of battery power within 3 hours of
quakes, eliminating communications with repair crews and hospitals
• Most services restored within seven days
• Water and Wastewater severely impacted along coast
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82April 9, 2023Science Pub: Chile Earthquake Briefing
Pelluhue (AP Photo)
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83April 9, 2023Presentation title
• Maximum inundation 10m
• Maximum run-up 30m• Loss of life limited
thanks to local awareness and good signing
• Most tsunami-related deaths from tourists
Tsunami
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84April 9, 2023Science Pub: Chile Earthquake Briefing
NOAA Tsunami wave heights for Feb. 27, 2010, 8.8 EQ
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85April 9, 2023Science Pub: Chile Earthquake Briefing
NOAA Tsunami wave heights, May 22 1960, 9.5 EQ
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86April 9, 2023Science Pub: Chile Earthquake Briefing
1500 homes destroyed in Dichato from tsunami;only 17 residents killed
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87April 9, 2023Science Pub: Chile Earthquake Briefing
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88April 9, 2023Science Pub: Chile Earthquake Briefing
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89April 9, 2023Science Pub: Chile Earthquake Briefing
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90April 9, 2023Science Pub: Chile Earthquake Briefing
Where do we fit in?The Pacific “Ring of Fire”
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91April 9, 2023Science Pub: Chile Earthquake Briefing
200 mi
Juan de Fuca Plate
Casc
ad
ia S
ub
du
cti
on
Z
on
e
OregonOregon
WashingtonWashington
CaliforniaCaliforniaGorda Plate
Pacific Plate
North America Plate
Seattle
Portland
Corvallis
Salem
Redding
Medford
Vancouver
I-5
I-5
Nazca Plate
200 mi
Valparaíso
South America Plate
Temuco
Talca
Ruta 5
Ruta 5
Santiago
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92April 9, 2023Presentation title
Chile
Haiti
Finite fault models by Gavin Hayes, USGS National Earthquake Information Center
Comparison of Haitiand Chile earthquakes
• Haiti was:• Magnitude 7.0• Shallow Strike-Slip under
urban area• Vulnerable infrastructure
• Chile was:• Magnitude 8.8• Subduction Zone EQ
covering huge area• Over 500 more powerful• Last 6 times as long• Less vulnerable
infrastructure
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93April 9, 2023Science Pub: Chile Earthquake Briefing
What are the implications for Oregon?
• 2010 Chile Earthquake• Peru-Chile Subduction
Zone• Magnitude 8.8• Shaking and Tsunami• Modern Building Codes• $30B damages• About 500 dead• 7 EQ M=8.0+ in past 100
yrs• Last M=8.0 in 1995• Occur about every 15 yrs
• Future CSZ Earthquake• Cascadia Subduction Zone• Magnitude 9.0• Shaking and Tsunami• Modern Building Codes• Damages estimated at
$30B*• Estimated up to 5000 dead*• No M=7.0 is past 100 years• Last M=9.0 in 1700• Occur about every 300 yrs
*Source: DOGAMI 2010
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94April 9, 2023Science Pub: Chile Earthquake Briefing
What can you do?
Take personal responsibility• Have several days of emergency supplies• Earthquake proof your home • Have a plan
Support earthquake preparedness efforts• Participate in earthquake education • Continue to support State efforts
• DOGAMI tsunami hazard mapping to be completed by 2013• Seismic mitigation of public schools not complete until 2032• ODOT Phase I and II seismic retrofits
Support higher education• Innovative solutions through research and next-generation
engineers
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95April 9, 2023Science Pub: Chile Earthquake Briefing
THANK YOU!
For more information:
Earthquake Engineering Research Institute• www.eeri.org
Geo-Engineering Extreme Events Reconnaissance• www.geerassociation.org
Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries• www.OregonGeology.org