2 0 1 3 A n n u a l R e p o r t

Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture

Leading Early American Scholarship since 1943

From the Director

In my first year as Director the questions I hear most frequently are versions of “what’s new at the Institute?” Having just celebrated the Institute’s 70th birthday, and with a distinguished tradition of promoting and producing excellent scholarship, we obviously embrace plenty of important continuities. But I understand the genesis of the questions. There is no doubt that we are in a period of accelerated change in academic organization, research, and publication. Figuring out how we will navigate these changes into the next decades is quite important. Most importantly, we need to ensure that we articulate and conserve our values even as we give them new application, whether in programs or publications.

When I say “we” and refer to “the Institute” I don’t just mean our staff and offices in Williamsburg. The Institute is a community of people devoted to the enduring value of excellent scholarship. As authors and manuscript reviewers and above all readers of Insti-tute publications, as Institute conference presenters, organizers, and attendees, as Council and Board members and past members, as Institute friends, supporters, and Associates this community is vigorous and rigorous.

Since 1943 our community’s commitment to supporting scholars and scholarship on the expansive history of early America has made possible the Institute’s conferences and events, our fellowship programs, and our distinguished scholarly publications, a very fine book series and the William and Mary Quarterly. That mutual commitment will remain at the heart of developing Institute programs and publications.

Karin Wulf

This report highlights programs, publications,

and development for 2013 (the academic,

calendar, and fiscal year as appropriate).

Executive Board and Council Members, FY2012-2013

The Executive BoardMembers of the Omohundro Institute’s Executive Board determine matters of policy and have responsibility for the financial and general management and for resource development of the Institute. The Executive Board consists of six members: three elected by the Board and three ex officio members (the chief education officer of the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, the chief academic officer of the College of William & Mary, and the chair of the Institute Council).

• Michael R. Halleran, College of William & Mary • Barbara B. Oberg, Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Princeton University• James Horn, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation • Robert C. Ritchie, Huntington Library (Chair)• Philip M. Jelley (July 2012-May 2013) • Paul S. Sperry (elected May 2013)• Sidney Lapidus The Council of the InstituteMembers of the Council are typically drawn from the academic community. Councilors advise the Institute director and the Executive Board on policy, programmatic, and professional matters of concern to the Institute and serve on one of the Council’s three standing committees: the William and Mary Quarterly Editorial Board, the Book Publications Committee, or the Programs Committee.

• Holly Brewer, University of Maryland• Nicholas P. Canny, National University of Ireland, Galway• John P. Evans (ex-officio), University of North Carolina Press• Alison F. Games, Georgetown University• Margaretta Markle Lovell, University of California, Berkeley• Peter C. Mancall, University of Southern California • Cathy D. Matson, University of Delaware• Roderick A. McDonald, Rider University• Joseph C. Miller, University of Virginia

• Jennifer L. Morgan, New York University• Barbara B. Oberg, Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Princeton University (Chair)• Susan Scott Parrish, University of Michigan• Daniel K. Richter, McNeil Center for Early American Studies, University of Pennsylvania• Brett Rushforth, College of William & Mary• Stuart B. Schwartz, Yale University• Lorena S. Walsh, Independent Scholar

1

January 2013 The Raw and the Cold: Five English Sailors in Sixeenth-Century Nunavut by Peter C. Mancall

Toussaint before Louverture: New Archival Findings on the Early Life of Toussaint Louverture by Philippe R. Girard and Jean-Louis Donnadieu

The Absentee Planter and the Key Slave: Privilege, Patriarchalism, and Exploitation in the Early Eighteenth-Century Caribbean by Keith Mason

Kaskaskia Social Network: Kinship and Assimilation in the French-Illinois Borderlands, 1695-1735 by Robert Michael Morrissey

Sources and Interpretations The “framing of a new world”: Sir Balthazar Gerbier’s “Project for Establishing a New State in America,” ca. 1649 by Vera Keller

Gold Coast Merchant Families, Pawning, and the Eighteenth- Century British Slave Trade by Randy J. Sparks

“He is the master of his house”: Families and Political Authority in Counterrevolutionary Montreal by Nancy Christie

“The Christened Mulatresses”: Euro-African Familiesin a Slave-Trading Town by Pernille Ipsen

Generational Conflict in Revolutionary France: Widows, Inheritance Practices, and the “Victory” of Sons by Denise Z. Davidson and Anne Verjus

April 2013

Introduction: Centering Families in Atlantic Histories by Julie Hardwick, Sarah M. S. Pearsall, and Karin Wulf

Marriage, Family, and Ethnicity in the Early Spanish Caribbean by Ida Altman

Defying Social Death: The Multiple Configurations of African Slave Family in the Atlantic World by James H. Sweet

Moving Mestizos in Sixteenth-Century Peru: Spanish Fa-thers, Indigenous Mothers, and the Children In Between by Jane E. Mangan

Familiar: Thinking beyond Lineage and across Race in Spanish Atlantic Family History by Bianca Premo

The William and Mary Quarterly Volume 70

2

July 2013

The Development of Mastery and Race in the Compre-hensive Slave Codes of the Greater Caribbean during the Seventeenth Century by Edward B. Rugemer

Sinning Property and the Legal Transformation of Abominable Sex in Early Bermuda by Heather Miyano Kopelson

Massacre, Mardi Gras, and Torture in Early New Orleansby Sophie White

Sources and Interpretations

Child Labor and Schooling in Late Eighteenth-Century New England: One Boy’s Account by Carole Shammas

The Testimony of Thomás de la Torre, a Spanish Slave by Alejandra Dubcovsky

The William and Mary Quarterly Volume 70

October 2013

Collecting Slave Traders: James Petiver, Natural History, and the British Slave Trade by Kathleen S. Murphy

Indian Storytelling, Scientific Knowledge, and Power in the Florida Borderlands by Cameron B. Strang

Geomythology on the Colonial Frontier: Edward Taylor, Cotton Mather, and the Claverack Giant by Amy Morris

Sources and Interpretations

Banqueting Houses and the “Need of Society” among Slave-Owning Planters in the Chesapeake ColoniesAppendix: Method and Historic Structures Reports by Cary Carson

Hebraism and the Republican Turn of 1776: A Contemporary Account of the Debate over Common Sense by Eric Nelson

3

Books published in 2013

Freedom’s DebtThe Royal African Company and the Politics of the Atlantic Slave Trade, 1672–1752William A. Pettigrew

Ireland in the Virginian Sea Colonialism in the British AtlanticAudrey Horning

Love in the Time of Revolution Transatlantic Literary Radicalism and Historical Change, 1793–1818Andrew Cayton

The Dividing Line Histories of William Byrd II of WestoverKevin Joel Berland

The History and Present State of VirginiaA New Edition with an Introduction by Susan Scott ParrishRobert Beverley

Omohundro Institute

BOOKS published in 2013

4

September 6–9, 2012British Group in Early amErican history annual confErEncE

University of St. Andrews and University of DundeeEmma Hart and Matthew Ward, Program ChairsAttendees: 52 Papers Submitted: 24

March 14–16, 2013africans in thE amEricas: makinG livEs in a nEw world, 1675–1825University of the West Indies, Cave Hill, BarbadosLaurent Dubois, Program ChairAttendees: 107 Papers Submitted: 123 Number of institutions represented: 54

May 24–25, 2013wmQ–Emsi workshop: “BEforE 1607”The Huntington LibraryKaren Ordahl Kupperman, New York University, ConvenerAttendees: 58 Papers Submitted: 17

June 13–15, 201319th annual institutE confErEncE

Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, MarylandPhilip D. Morgan, Program ChairAttendees: 162 Papers Submitted: 89 Number of institutions represented: 160

The Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture Travel Scholarship Fund for Faculty and Graduate Students from Developing Countries offers an annual travel scholarship award to support participation in an Institute conference. The fund was established in 2010 through the generous support of Paul S. Sperry and Beatrice H. Mitchell.

This scholarship fund enables the Institute to strengthen its connections with outstanding faculty and graduate students in developing countries in Africa, the Caribbean, and the Americas.

The Omohundro Institute is pleased to have awarded funding to the following participants in 2012–2013 Institute conferences:

“Africans in the Americas: Making Lives in a New World, 1675–1825” at the University of the West Indies (March 14–16, 2013)

• Professor Adebayo Lawal, University of Lagos• Professor Cyriaque Akomo Zoghe, University of Mar Bongo, Gabon

5

Fall 2012 and Spring 2013 Conferences

Travel Scholarships for Faculty and Graduate Students from Developing Countries

Fall 2012 and Spring 2013 ColloquiaSeptember 11, 2012Catherine Molineux, Vanderbilt University“Tall Tales from Timbuktu: The African Bootstraps of a Renegade English Servant”

October 2, 2012Guillaume Aubert, College of William & Mary“Beyond the Codes NOIRS? Religion and the Making of Slave Law(s) in the Early Modern French Atlantic”

October 23, 2012Nicholas Popper, College of William & Mary“Scholar, Sailor, Courtier, Spy?: The Intellectual Context for Elizabethan Expansion”

November 13, 2012Alejandra Dubcovsky, Yale University “The Carolina Connection, English Networks in the Southeast, 1670-1711”

January 22, 2013Peter Thompson, St. Cross College, University of Oxford “Social Death and Slavery: The Logic of Political Association and the Logic of Chattel Slavery in Revolutionary America”

February 5, 2013Ernesto Bassi, Cornell University“Popular Geopolitics in an Age of Change: Contemporary Interpretations of Atlantic Revolutionary Transformations in the Southwestern Caribbean”

February 19, 2013Elena Schneider, Omohundro Institute NEH Fellow“Cuba and the Imperial Imaginary in the Eighteenth Century”

March 26, 2013Carolyn Eastman, Virginia Commonwealth University“‘The Case of Designers’: Toward a Social History of Engravers and the Popular-ization of Visual Culture in the Eighteenth-Century Anglo-Atlantic World”

Predoctoral FellowshipsLapidus–OIEAHC Fellowship for Graduate Research in Early American Print Culture

With the commitment of an individual donor, the Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture offered four $500 fellowships to support advanced graduate student research related to “Slavery and Print Culture” in the Early American and transatlantic world. The initial group of fellowships was awarded in Spring 2013 to the following individuals:

• Myron Gray, “The Music of Franco-Philadelphian Politics, 1778–1801,” University of Pennsylvania

• Ryan Hanley, “Black Writing in Britain, 1770–1830,” University of Hull

• Alyssa Zuercher Reichardt, “A New War: French, British, and Iroquois Imperial Communication Networks and the Contest for the Ohio

Valley,” Yale University

• Asheesh Siddique, “Daring to Ask: The Questionnaire and the Problem of Knowledge in the Late Eighteenth-Century British Atlantic Enlighten-ment,” Columbia University

6

Postdoctoral Fellows 2013The Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture offers a two-year postdoctoral fellowship in any area of early American studies. A principal criterion for selection is that the candidate’s dissertation or other manuscript have significant potential as a distinguished, book-length contribution to scholarship. A substantial portion of the work must be submitted with the application. Applicants may not have previously published or have under contract a scholarly monograph, and they must have met all requirements for the doctorate before commencing the fellowship. Those who have earned the Ph.D. and begun careers are also encouraged to apply. The Institute holds first claim on publishing the appointed fellow’s completed manuscript.

During the two year-appointment, Fellows devote most of their time to research and writing, work closely with the editorial staff, and participate in colloquia and other scholarly activities of the Institute. In addition to a stipend, the fellowship provides office and research facilities as well as some travel funds for conferences and research. Fellows have access to all research facilities, lectures, and events at the College of William & Mary and the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Fellows hold concurrent appointment as visiting assistant professor in the appropriate department at the College of William & Mary and teach a total of six semester hours during the two-year term.

Paul Polgar, 2013–2015 • Omohundro Postdoctoral Fellow“Standard Bearers of Liberty and Equality: Reinterpreting the Origins of American Abolitionism”

Allison Bigelow, 2012–2014 • NEH Postdoctoral Fellow“Mining Empire, Planting Empire: The Colonial Scientific Literatures of the Americas”

Laura Keenan Spero, 2012–2013 • Omohundro Institute Postdoctoral Fellow“‘Stout, Bold, Cunning and the greatest Travellers in America’: The Colonial Shawnee Diaspora”

Elena Schneider, 2011–2013 • NEH Postdoctoral FellowThe Occupation of Havana: Slavery, War, and Empire in the Eighteenth Century – publication pending

7

Development ReportJuly 1, 2012–June 30, 2013

The Omohundro Institute appreciates the generosity and dedication of its supporters to its mission of leading early American scholarship since its 1943 founding. The Institute has distinguished traditions as well as a terrific record of innovation over its seven decades, and the support of Institute Associates as well as gifts directed to fund specific projects help the Institute continue its tradition of both supporting excellence in early American scholarship and exploring new initiatives to enhance this mission.

Annual Giving by AssociatesAnnual gifts from Associates play a key role in supporting the Institute and its contributions to the field of early American studies through our programs of publications, fellowships, and conferences. Associates’ contributions provide unrestricted support for the Institute’s programs, and these contributions account for 8 percent of the Institute’s budget. From July 1, 2012, through June 30, 2013, 881 individuals joined the Associates, including 85 new members and 796 renewing members, and made gifts totaling $158,424.

We are deeply grateful to the individuals listed for your support in 2013.

Thank you

8

AssociatesJoseph M. AdelmanIan J. AebelChristopher M. AgnewJoseph Aieta, IIIElizabeth Urban AlexanderJohn K. AlexanderRobert J. AllisonDavid AmiotChad L. AndersonRobert AndersonVirginia and Fred AndersonDee E. AndrewsEdward E. AndrewsZara AnishanslinDavid ArmitageThomas F. ArmstrongDouglas M. ArnoldKathryn A. AskinsJames AxtellMatthew R. BaharRoyanne Chipps BaileyBernard BailynThomas L. BakerShelby M. BalikJames M. Banner, Jr.Paul E. BaranWilliam D. BarberJuliana BarrGary A. BarrangerM. Kathleen Bartoloni-TuazonMichael BatinskiDeborah L. BauerFrederick M. BeattyWillis L. BeckJustin P. BednarzRichard BeemanRosalind J. Beiler

Christian BelenaJ. L. BellMathias D. BergmannEdmund Berkeley, Jr.Ira and Martha BerlinVirginia BernhardWinfred E. A. BernhardJohn Bezís-SelfaWarren M. BillingsChristopher BilodeauMargaret and Bob BirneyRyan M. BishopMichael BlaakmanLeland BlairDaniel D. BlinkaRobert M. BlissRuth BlochOlwyn BlouetRory BoatrightWayne BodleHeidi BohakerRichard J. BolesPatricia U. BonomiDouglas K. BosleyPhilip P. BoucherAlexander O. BoultonStephen S. BowenSuzanne Geissler BowlesJames C. BradfordJosé António BrandâoKathryn H. BraundEarl P. BreenTimothy H. BreenAmy BreimaierWilliam BreitenbachFrancis J. BremerElaine G. BreslawMegan R. BrettHolly Brewer

Jeff BroadwaterCharles E. Brodine, Jr.John L. BrookeRichard D. BrownStanford BrownScott M. BrowneRobert BruggerThomas E. BuckleyRichard Buel, Jr.Kyle T. BulthuisBrian BurkeRand BurnetteEdwin BurrowsAnna Lankford BurwashRichard BushmanAmy Turner BushnellJon and Ronnie ButlerKevin C. ButterfieldJames B. ByersW. Patrick CadyDavid CaldwellRobert CalhoonNicholas CannyAlan CappsCéline CarayonJesse CardilloAndrew J. CardinalKathleen Carey-KrollWilliam CarioPaula Wheeler CarloBenjamin L. CarpRoger M. CarpenterVincent CarrettaAmy CarsonCary CarsonWilliam CarterJohn CatanzaritiAndrew CaytonAva Chamberlain

Douglas B. ChambersThomas A. ChambersAbby ChandlerJoyce E. ChaplinPhilander D. ChaseRobert L. Cheever, Jr.Megan L. CherryGuy ChetKeith Kyongyup ChuRonald H. ClarkPaul G. E. ClemensJohn CoakleyLuca Codignola-BoCheryll Ann CodyStephen H. CoeCharles L. CohenDaniel A. CohenKenneth CohenEsther CokeTony ConnorsEdward M. Cook, Jr.Louise CornellChristopher M. CortrightSeth CotlarElizabeth M. CovartCaroline CoxAnnette M. Cramer van den BogaartElaine Forman CraneMichael J. CrawfordRobert E. CrayDaniel W. CroftsJason A. CrottyMatthew CrowJohn E. CrowleyGeorge CurleyChristopher M. CurtisNick DaffernSara T. Damiano

Joseph DaraganCornelius P. DarcyRichard R. DavisCornelia Hughes DaytonJonathan DeCosterJonathan Den HartogAndrew DetchChristine Styrna DevineDavid P. and Carol H. DewarHelen DewarSteven DeyleStephen DiamondRobert J. DinkinAngela DiPaoloToby L. DitzHeriberto DixonJohn M. DixonWalter DixonThomas M. DoerflingerAlexsana DonneRhoda M. DorseyJames D. DrakeSandra Ryan DresbeckGerald R. DreslinskiKathleen Duca-SandbergRon DufourMary and Richard DunnTracy DunstanKathleen DuValJonathan EacottSteven C. EamesCarolyn EastmanS. Max EdelsonMax M. EdlingGail EdwardsMarc EgnalA. Roger EkirchRuth B. EkstromCarol J. Eliason

9

Adele HastApril Lee HatfieldMichael D. HattemR. L. HatzenbuehlerGregory J. HawkinsRobert HaynesTetsugen Eric HeintzK. S. HeleJordan HelinSuzette HembergerC. Dallett HemphillChristopher E. HendricksAnthony S. HenitsJames HenrettaAmanda E. HerbertHolly HerbsterRuth Wallis HerndonRodney HessingerChristine Leigh HeyrmanEd HilfertyEric HinderakerPaul K. HinesPeter P. HinksMichael HittlemanCourtney C. HobsonDaphne Degazon HobsonSteven H. HochmanDavid Errette HodgsonChristopher HodsonHenry B. HoffAlisha Hoffman-MirilovichWarren R. HofstraMarianne Holdzkom

Marjorie and Jack HollShawn A. HollTimothy K. HollidayWoody HoltonTravis HoltzclawAdrienne D. HoodDaniel HopkinsJames HornAudrey HorningThomas A. HorrocksJ. F. HouserightDonald G. Housley, Jr.R. Peyton HowardDaniel W. HoweMichael E. HowerDavid HsiungCarter L. HudginsMarion HuibrechtsDaniel J. HulseboschCarol Sue HumphreyDeborah J. HurstJohn W. IfkovicRobert J. ImholtRaymond IrwinThomas IsaacNancy IsenbergDavid JaffeeEric JarvisMichael J. JarvisJ. Edward JayPatricia and Philip JelleyLouis G. JenisMatthew Jennings

Brenda EllinghouseJohn ElliottJoseph J. EllisCarter EltzrothYasuo Taisei EndoVictor EnthovenMeghan EssingtonRobbie EthridgeWinifred EvansAndrew FagalJordan A. P. FanslerLarry C. FarleyLenore FarmerRoger J. FechnerClyde R. FergusonMelissa Coy FergusonJohn E. FerlingMary FerrariThomas C. FeyBen FiedlerNorman FieringSharon Tevis FinchRobert FippingerCaitlin FitzDavid T. FlahertyMark S. FliegelmanBrian FocarinoRobert M. FocklerAaron Spencer FoglemanStephen FosterTeresa Bass FosterThomas A. FosterCharles R. Foy

George W. FranzSylvia FreyDonald R. FriaryJerry FrostDarcy R. FryerNiklas FrykmanMary Babson FuhrerJoseph GagnéRobert GalganoMary A. Y. GallagherAlan GallayMarcus GalloAlison GamesJane N. GarrettDavid Barry GasparErika GasserChristopher D. GeistNancy and Henry GeorgeDon R. GerlachAlexander GiganteRichard P. GildriePaul A. GiljeJay L. GitlinTravis GlassonLorri GloverJoyce D. GoodfriendJohn D. Gordan, IIIRobert GottkePhilip GouldRosa Pinea GrantEdward G. GrayDaniel A. GreenbaumKristen Griffin

John GriggMac GriswoldSara Sidstone GronimAnn and Robert GrossDon R. GrothIra D. GruberCharles GrymesMichael GuascoMichael GuntherSandra M. GustafsonMatthew Rainbow HaleDavid D. HallC. Jason HallTimothy D. HallVan Beck HallMichael R. HalleranJoseph W. HalpernSean HalversonDavid J. HancockHarold Hancock and Elizabeth L. MaurerMark G. HannaJared Ross HardestyH. DeForest HardingeJohn B. HardmanStephen G. and Beatriz B. HardyBrett HarperSteven Harris-ScottTim HarrisJo Collier HartJohn F. HartDevon Frederick HarveySean P. Harvey

10

Martha J. KingPeter J. KingJeffrey E. KleeSusan E. KleppMichael KlimasSean P. KlimekFred D. KlugThomas Daniel KnightAndrea KnutsonRichard H. KohnJohn G. KolpAlfred S. KonefskyDavid Thomas KonigKathleen KookZachary KopinMark KopperGary J. KornblithThomas W. KriseJohn D. KruglerKaren Ordahl KuppermanJulia KuykendallSusan La SernaMichael A. LaCombeRobert S. LambertNed C. LandsmanAndrew LannenSid LapidusPatrick LaurinPriscilla LawrenceMichael R. LazerwitzPhilip LeDucJacob F. LeeWayne E. Lee

Timothy LeechWilliam P. LeemanRichard LefflerMichelle LeMasterCsaba LevaiJed LevinGene LewisWilliam D. LiddleRobert LiftigSusan LimJanet Moore LindmanJames A. LindnerBarbara J. LindsayDaniel LivesaySusan M. LlewellynLisa M. LoganAnne LombardStephen C. LonekCreston LongRupert Chas. LoucksTessa and Al LouerRichard LoutzenheiserJohn M. LovejoyMargaretta Markle LovellJessica K. LoweJean-François LozierWendy LucasMaxine N. LurieHank D. LuttonJames G. LydonJames C. Mackay, IIIChristopher P. MagraGaston Magrinat

Pauline R. MaierDennis J. MaikaGloria MainMicahel MaloneyPeter C. MancallElizabeth ManckeDaniel R. MandellBruce H. MannDouglas F. MannPaul W. MappJohn M. MarchettiMaeva MarcusTed Maris-WolfThomas A. MarksP. J. MarshallAndrew MartinBonnie MartinJames Kirby MartinKeith MasonCathy MatsonSuzanne C. MatsonWilliam B. Maxwell, IIIHolly A. MayerS. Elaine McChesneyMichael N. McConnellT. B. McCord, Jr.John G. McCurdyJohn J. McCuskerMarie Basile McDanielEdd McDevittRoderick A. McDonaldMichael A. McDonnellJeanne E. McDougall

Robert McFaddenRichard McGuinnessSheila McIntyreJames McLachlanDonald B. McLellanLucia McMahonAndrew McMichaelRobyn Davis McMillinPaul McNaullRobert B. McOskerMary M. MeeseThomas B. MegaJames H. MerrellJane T. MerrittDonna Merwick-DeningPeter MesserJohn J. MeyerMaureen S. MeyersPriscilla J. MickRobert MiddlekauffEllen G. MilesCharles MillerDavid W. MillerDon MillerJoseph C. MillerGeorge Edward MilneKenneth P. MinkemaDiane MinorAmanda B. MonizStacey L. MooreJoseph R. MorelEdmund S. MorganGwenda Morgan

Raymond J. JirranMary Carroll JohansenRichard R. JohnWalter JohnsDonald F. JohnsonHerbert A. JohnsonLloyd JohnsonRichard R. JohnsonElwood JonesRobert F. JonesSondra JonesT. Cole JonesAnthony M. JosephCarla M. JoyJacob JuddLawrence S. KaplanMarjoleine KarsJohn and Joy KassonStanley KatzYasuhide KawashimaMary KelleySean KelleyKevin P. KellyPaul KeltonNeil KennedyScott KennedyLinda K. KerberRalph KetchamJohn F. KettnerThomas S. KiddCynthia A. KiernerMark KillenbeckSung Bok Kim

11

Jennifer L. MorganPhilip D. MorganRichard J. MorrisBart MorrisonRobert Michael MorrisseyGeorge T. Morrow, IIMike MortimerDirk MouwMatthew MulcahyCarla MulfordSteven M. MullinDaniel S. MurphreeKathleen MurphyJohn MurrinGary B. NashJohn K. NelsonMarion C. NelsonW. Christopher NelsonDaniel C. NewcombSimon NewmanMichael L. NichollsDavid A. NicholsStephen NissenbaumGregory NoblesEvelyn Thomas NolenMark A. NollDavid NordMary Beth NortonDael NorwoodBarbara B. ObergMichael Leroy ObergGreg O’BrienJean M. O’Brien

Thomas P. O’DeaIzumi OguraHoward A. OhlineYuhtaro OhmoriGreg O’MalleyPeter OnufAndrew J. O’ShaughnessyJulia OsmanDennis A. O’ToolePhilip OtternessPaul OttoKenneth OwenKeith PachollAaron J. PalmerEdward C. PapenfuseAnthony ParentJon William ParmenterSusan Scott ParrishChristopher M. ParsonsChristopher L. PastoreChristine Sternberg PatrickMicah PawlingThomas PeaceSarah M. S. PearsallWilliam PencakJohn L. PensingerEdwin J. PerkinsNathan Perl-RosenthalCarla Gardina PestanaThomas R. PicklesJim PiecuchG. Kurt PiehlerJoshua Piker

Richard W. PointerErik PolandAngeline PolitesRichard D. PougherPaul M. PresslyDaniel PrestonBenjamin PriceJenny Hale PulsipherLouis N. PysterJoAnne McCormick QuatannensJames B. QuigleyBruce A. RagsdaleJack RakoveJean W. RaleighPhilip RanletRobert RatliffRobin and James W. Rawles, Jr.Kristofer RayPaul C. ReberMarcus RedikerStephen A. ReedAlyssa Zuercher ReichardtJohn G. ReidElizabeth Reis and Matthew DennisFrank ReischerlJames RiceMyra L. RichDaniel K. RichterJulie RichterWhit RidgwayJanet A. RiesmanThomas RightmyerCharles Riley

Donna J. RillingLiam RiordanNorman K. RisjordRobert C. RitchieStrother E. RobertsTom RobertsonW. Stitt RobinsonDavid W. RobsonSeth RockmanThomas RodgersScott RohrerSusanah Shaw RomneyDonald M. RoperLou RoperAmanda RoseRichard J. RossElizabeth Carnes RowlandJames A. RoyBill RozarJane Gregory RubinEdward B. RugemerFrancois-Joseph RuggiuBrett RushforthJean B. RussoJ. Elliott RussoPaul W. RutherfordDennis P. and Joanne Wood RyanDavid Harris SacksJohn SaillantGaspare SaladinoSharon V. SalingerNeal SalisburyLinda K. Salvucci

Douglas W. SanfordSteve SarsonJonathan D. SassiDaniel SauerweinBunji SawanoboriJohn R. SawickiIan SaxineGordon SayreLeslie ScarlettJames SchaeferPatricia M. SchaeferRichard SchlichtingDale J. SchmittElena Andrea SchneiderDouglas SchoppertConstance B. SchulzPhilip J. SchwarzStuart B. SchwartzBrian J. ScottAnthony J. Scotti, Jr.James F. SefcikJason SellersJon SensbachGloria SessoTom ShachtmanCarole ShammasTimothy J. ShannonJason T. SharplesJack ShawJenny ShawHarlow W. SheidleyCharles E. Shields, IIIDavid Shields

12

Crandall ShifflettDavid J. SilvermanDavid L. Simpson, Jr.Diana C. SimpsonDavid C. SkaggsSheila SkempRichard S. SliwoskiHerbert SloanStephanie E. SmallwoodBarbara Clark SmithBilly G. SmithF. Todd SmithGregory A. SmithPaul H. SmithRobert F. SmithWilson SmithCarroll Smith-RosenbergJohn SmolenskiHolly SnyderTerri L. SnyderJean R. SoderlundMatthew J. SparacioRandy J. SparksAmy SpeckartEric SpectorLaura Keenan SperoPaul S. SperryLinda SponenburghRobert B. Starke, Jr.Ryan StaudeIan SteeleStephen J. Stein

J. Court StevensonDavid Stewart-SmithJames M. Stine, Jr.William K. B. StoeverGaynell StoneJohn R. StruckNancy L. StrunaKaren StuartWilliam SullivanCarolyn H. SungEric A. SwansonNick D. SwanstromC. Jan SwearingenKevin M. SweeneyRosamaria TanghettiJordan E. TaylorSean TaylorClark D. TewRobert E. ThomasMark L. ThompsonRobert Polk ThomsonTamara Plakins ThorntonDaniel B. ThorpPeter J. ThuesenKari ThyneAl TillsonLarry E. TiseChristopher TomlinsLen TraversRosemarie Tsubaki-RoerenDamon TurnerJames Turner

John W. TylerBee McLeod and Goody TylerRobert TyszkowskiDaniel H. UsnerMark ValeriJohn and Andrea Van de KampJoanne van der WoudeDavid E. Van DeventerJohn C. Van HorneRoy Brien VarnadoAlden T. VaughanAnne VerplanckJohn W. Via, IIIJames ViatorDanny VickersMonty VierraChristian ViewegJohn VladDavid William VoorheesJoseph Robert WachtelDavid WaldstreicherLorena S. WalshShuichi WanibuchiBryan H. WardHays T. WatkinsAlan D. WatsonDonald E. WattsStephen Saunders WebbDavid A. WeirRobert M. WeirJohn C. R. WelchJohn Welch, II

Camille WellsRobert V. WellsCharles Warner WendellThomas WermuthVincent C. WestJonathan R. WheelerGwendolyn K. WhiteJack Hutchins WhiteMichael J. WhiteShane WhiteWilliam E. WhiteSusan T. WiardEdward L. WidmerGareth WilliamsGlenn F. WilliamsJames H. WilliamsMatthew WilliamsWilliam WillinghamDavid W. WillsKathleen WilsonLisa WilsonT.E. WilsonJulie WinchJohn WingBarbara C. WingoDouglas L. WiniarskiMichael WinshipCalhoun WintonMarianne S. WokeckEva Sheppard WolfThomas A. WolfStanley D. Wolfersberger

Gordon S. WoodPeter H. WoodStephen B. WoodConrad E. WrightAnita Jones and Bill WulfAndros Z. XiourouppaLynda YankaskasMel YazawaKevin YeagerNeil YorkJ. William T. YoungsSerena R. ZabinNatalie A. ZacekRosemarie ZagarriKyle F. ZelnerMartha A. ZierdenMichael ZuckermanAnonymous

13

Gifts to Specific ProjectsIn FY2013, fund raising for specific projects included expendable and endowment gifts and pledges in support of the Institute’s one-year postdoctoral fellowship, predoctoral fellowships, and funding for historical editing fellowships for Institute apprentices.

OIEAHC Postdoctoral Fellowship FundTo recognize the retirement of Institute Director Ronald Hoffman on June 30, 2013, the Institute’s Executive Board decided to honor his two decades of leadership by seeking permanent funding support for the Institute’s one-year postdoctoral fellowship. As of June 30, 2013, the Institute had received gifts and pledges (expendable and endowed) totaling $192,330 from donors. Of that total, $130,800 in gifts/commitments is expendable bridge funding for the one-year postdoctoral fellowship. The additional $61,530 in gifts and pledges created the Ronald Hoffman Fund for the Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture One-Year Postdoctoral Re-search Fellowship at the College of William & Mary Foundation. The establishment of the fund was announced at the May 4, 2013, Executive Board and Council Dinner as a surprise to honor Director Hoffman upon his retirement.

We gratefully acknowledge below the donors who made gifts in support of this initiative between July 1, 2012–June 30, 2013.

Virginia and Fred AndersonDee E. AndrewsJames AxtellVirginia BernhardWarren M. BillingsRobert M. BlissRuth BlochElaine G. BreslawRand Burnette Anna Lankford BurwashJon and Ronnie ButlerRichard R. DavisToby L. DitzThomas M. DoerflingerMary and Richard DunnKathleen DuVal

John ElliottWinifred EvansAlison GamesThe Gilder FoundationAllan GreerIra D. GruberSandra M. GustafsonMichael R. HalleranAnn and Charles HobsonShawn A. HollAdrienne D. HoodLawrence S. KaplanMarjoleine KarsJohn and Joy KassonMary KelleyLinda K. Kerber

Martha J. KingRichard H. KohnGary J. KornblithSid and Ruth LapidusHelena Hoas and Ken LockridgeMargaretta Markle LovellGloria MainBruce H. MannMary M. MeeseRobert and Beverly MiddlekauffEllen G. MilesJohn MurrinLinda J. Nicholls and Michael L. NichollsBarbara B. Oberg and Perry LeavellGreg O’Malley

Daniel K. RichterWhit RidgwayRobert C. Ritchie and Louise N. RitchieJean B. RussoNeal SalisburyCarole ShammasDavid C. SkaggsSheila SkempBeverly A. SmithJean R. SoderlundBeatrice H. Mitchell and Paul S. SperryAlden T. VaughanHays T. WatkinsJames H. WilliamsAnonymous

Thank you

14

Fellowships in Historical EditingThe Fellowship in Historical Editing program offers talented young history graduate students the opportunity to build upon the skills acquired as Institute editorial apprentices during the academic year. The fellowships support continued editorial work throughout the summer following the apprenticeship and make a significant contribution to the Institute’s ability to maintain the high standards for which all of its publications are known.

The Colonial Dames of America renewed its annual support for the Institute’s Fellowship in Historical Editing for 2013 with a gift of $5,000. Gifts from the Colonial Dames have supported the fellowship program since 1996. A gift of $3,000 from the College of William & Mary’s Christopher Wren Association funded a second Fellowship in Historical Editing in 2013. This gift was the Wren Association’s seventh in support of the editing fellowship. The Order of Americans of Armorial Ancestry (OAAA) renewed its support for a sixth year and provided two $1,000 OAAA Grace DeuPree Fellowships.

The recipients of the 2013 Fellowships in Historical Editing were:

• Colonial Dames of America Fellow Amelia Butler• Christopher Wren Association Fellow Ian Tonat• OAAA Fellow Kristen Beales• OAAA Fellow Lynch Bennett

15

Peter J. AlbertJennifer AndersonDouglas M. ArnoldJuliana BarrAlain BeaulieuElaine G. BreslawJames F. BrooksAmy Turner BushnellScott E. CasperMatthew CrawfordEleanor S. DarcyThomas M. DoerflingerKathleen DuValS. Max EdelsonCarla GeronaAnnette Gordon-ReedJack P. GreeneEmma HartApril Lee Hatfield

C. Dallett HemphillMichael HittlemanDaniel HopkinsMary Carroll JohansenMarjoleine KarsDaniel KrebsPatrick LeonardGloria MainElizabeth ManckeHolly A. MayerTurk McCleskeyMatthew MulcahyBarbara B. ObergGreg O’MalleyPaul OttoEileen PerkinsCarla Gardina PestanaPaul J. PolgarPaul M. Pressly

Kristofer RayAlex RolandMarty RossJean B. RussoJ. Elliott RussoDavid RydenTimothy J. ShannonDavid J. SilvermanSara SonetMatthew J. SparacioKaren StuartGiovanni VenegoniSophie WhiteAdam WiaterJohn WingElizabeth S. WolfThomas A. WolfAnonymous

Omohundro Institute Conference FundThe Omohundro Institute does not charge registration fees for its conferences, including its annual meeting, and thus invites conference participants to consider making a voluntary contribution to help support the costs associated with these annual scholarly meetings. In FY2013, 57 individuals contributed $3,471 to the OIEAHC Conference Fund. We thank the individuals listed below for their contributions to this fund.

16

Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture

Staff TransitionsDuring 2012–2013, the Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture saw a number of staff retirements and transitions. Ronald Hoffman retired as Institute Director on June 30, after twenty-one years leading the Institute. Sally D. Mason, Assistant to the Director also retired on June 30 after two decades at the Institute. Gil Kelly retired in January 2013 after thirty years at the Institute as Managing Editor of Publications. With the publication of St. George Tucker’s Law Reports and Selected Papers, 1782–1825 in Fall 2012, Charles F. Hobson and Joan S. Lovelace have also retired from the Institute.

In addition to the retirements, William and Mary Quarterly Editor Christopher D. Grasso completed thirteen years with the Institute and returned to full-time teaching in the William & Mary History Department on June 30, and the Quarterly welcomed Visiting Editor Eric Slauter for 2013–2014. With Karin Wulf ’s appointment as the new Institute Director, Brett Rushforth took over as Quarterly Book Review Editor. The Quarterly also welcomed two new staff members: Assistant Editor Carol Arnette and Office Assistant Tracy Hess. In Book Publications, Virginia Montijo Chew was promoted to Managing Editor, and Kathy Burdette was promoted to Senior Project Editor. A new Manuscript Editor, Kaylan Stevenson, also joined Book Publications.

Staff Listing

Karin Wulf, Director (kawulf@wm.edu)

Beverly A. Smith, Manager, Institute Administration (basmit@wm.edu)Kimberly Foley, Webmaster (kafoley@wm.edu)Martha Howard, Assistant to the Director & Digital Editor (mxhowa@wm.edu)John Saillant, Electronic Editor, H-OIEAHC (jdsaillant@wm.edu)Adam Zimmerli, Librarian and Archivist (azimmerli@wm.edu)

Shawn A. Holl, Director of Development (saholl@wm.edu)Melody L. Smith, Donor Relations Coordinator (mlsmit@wm.edu)

Eric Slauter, Visiting Editor, WMQ (eslauter@wm.edu)Brett Rushforth, Book Review Editor (bhrushforth@wm.edu)Margaret T. Musselwhite, Managing Editor (mstill@wm.edu)Carol Arnette, Assistant Editor (cgarnette@wm.edu)Kelly Crawford, Office Manager (kscraw@wm.edu)Tracy S. Hess, Administrative Assistant (tshess@wm.edu)

Fredrika J. Teute, Editor of Publications (fjteut@wm.edu)Nadine Zimmerli, Assistant Editor (nizimmerli@wm.edu)Virginia Montijo Chew, Managing Editor (vlmont@wm.edu)M. Kathryn Burdette, Senior Project Editor (mkburd@wm.edu)Kaylan M. Stevenson, Manuscript Editor (kmstevenson@wm.edu)

Editorial Assistants 2012-2013Kristen BealesLynch BennettAmelia M. ButlerBill Leon SmithIan Tonat

P.O. Box 8781Williamsburg, Virginia

23187–8781

ImagesOn the cover: “Jamaica Negroes Cutting Canes in their Working Dresses.” Frontispiece, Henry T. De La Beche, Notes on the Present Condition of the Negroes in Jamaica. (London, 1825) Courtesy, the John Carter Brown Library at Brown University • Histoire Naturelle des In-des, also known as the Drake Manuscript. (ca. 1586) Courtesy, the Mor-gan Library & Museum • Queen and her Suite by Carlos Julião. (18th century) Courtesy, Biblioteca Nacional, Brazil. This image also appears on www.slaveryimages.org, compiled by Jerome Handler and Michael Tuite, and sponsored by the Virginia Foundation for the Humanities and the University of Virginia Library. • Finish’d Horses. Matchem and Tray in Running at New-Market, by W. Elliott and T. Smith. Print. • (London, 1758) Courtesy, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation • Details from the following pieces were used throughout this report • From the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation • Spring Fishing, by an unknown artist. (ca. 1825) • Tasting, after work by John Nixon. (London, 1784) • Inset detail depicting beavers from A New and Exact Map of the Do-minions of the King of Great Britain on the Continent of North America, by Herman Moll. (London, 1715) • [Enslaved Girl], by Mary Anna Randolph Custis. (1830) • “Chasseur nègre armé” (armed manumitted slave) and “Bateau couvert, ou Barge d’une Plantation.” From John Ga-briel Stedman, Voyage à Surinam dans l’interieur de la Guiane… (Paris, 1798) • “A Man and Woman of the Ottigaumies.” From Jonathan Carter, Travels through the Interior Parts of North America, in the Years 1766, 1767, and 1768. (London, 1781) • Representation du Fer terrible a Nouvelle Yorck, by François Xavier Habermann. (Augsburg, ca. 1778) • America in Flames. (London, 1774). • Detail, “The Principall Islands in America Belonging to the English Empire…,” by Philip Lea. (London, ca. 1698) • From the Library of Congress • “An Indian Warrior, Entering his Wigwam with a Scalp.” From Thomas Anburey, Travels through the Interior Parts of America. (London, 1789) • Photograph of the Governor’s Palace, Williamsburg, Virginia by Howard R. Hollem

(1943) • Sir William Johnson, Major General of the English forces in America, engraved by Charles Spooner after a portrait by T. Adams. (London, 1756) • “[Battleships performing naval maneuvers].” From Naval Evolutions: or a system of sea discipline. (London, 1762) • “[Woman beating cassava, Jamaica],” Sugar estate—Negroes cutting cane, “[View of Negro Village, Jamaica],” by William Berryman. (1808–1816) • A Grand Jamaica Ball! Or the Creolean hop a la muftee; as exhibited in Spanish Town, published by William Holland. (London, 1802) • Virtual Representation, 1775. (London, 1775) • “The British Colonies in North America engraved by William Faden.” From William Faden, The North American Atlas . . . (London, 1777) • Unus Americanus ex Virginia, by Wenceslaus Hollar. (Antwerp, 1645) • “Le Captaine Stedman fait écorcher le Serpent Aboma après l’avoir blesse” (skinning a snake to extract oil). From John Gabriel Stedman, Voyage à Surinam dans l’interieur de la Guiane… (Paris, 1798) • Created especially for the WMQ, October 2013 • Routes of the British transatlantic slave trade ca. 1563–1810 (arrows) and provenance of Petiver’s natural history specimens (place names of colonies or towns). Drawn by Rebecca Wrenn. • Reconstructed view looking east toward entry porch to Sir William Berkeley’s residence (background), James City County, Virginia. Drawing by Roger Guernsey, architect, after Cary Carson. • Plan and reconstructed east (front) and south elevations, Lewis Burwell’s Fairfield plan-tation, 1694, enlarged by his son before 1721, Gloucester County, Virginia. Drawings by Jeffrey Klee after Richard Anderson, Willie Graham, and Cary Carson. • From The Huntington Library • “An Account of the Contrayerva, by Mr. William Houstoun, Surgeon in the Service of the Honourable South-Sea Company,” Philosophical Transactions 37 (October–December 1731). Courtesy of the Hun-tington Library, San Marino, California.

Leading Early American Scholarship since 1943The Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture is the oldest organization in the United States exclusively dedicated to advancing the study, research, and publication of scholarship bearing on the history and culture of early America, broadly construed, from circa 1450 to 1820. Our scope includes North America and related histories of the Caribbean, Latin America, Europe, and Africa. Since 1943 the In-stitute has published The William and Mary Quarterly and books, and sponsored conferences and fellowships.

The College of William & Mary and the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation founded the Institute of Early American History and Culture and continue to jointly sponsor its work. In 1996 the College and Colo-nial Williamsburg added Omohundro to the Institute’s name in recognition of a generous gift from the late Mr. and Mrs. Malvern H. Omohundro, Jr.

757.221.1114 www.oieahc.wm.edu