omega-3 fa in broiler breeder nutrition astrid koppenol
TRANSCRIPT
Omega-3 FA in broiler breeder nutrition
Astrid Koppenol
Introduction Yolk provides FA to embryo (80%
absorbed) Yolk lipids: n-3 PUFA N-3 PUFA eicosanoids immunity BUT!
Effect on breeder performance? Effect on egg quality? Effect on incubation? Effect on FA profile? Effect on growth offspring?
Omega-3 FA
Objectives Investigate effect of maternal transition of
Arachidonic acid AA (20:4 n-6) Eicosapentaenoic acid EPA (20:5 n-3) Docosahexaenoic acid DHA (22:6 n-3)
on: Performance of broiler breeder flock Incubation parameters Egg quality Chick quality Performance of offspring FA compositon fresh yolk – residual yolk – liver of offsprings
During time: age of motherflock: 28 – 33 – 38 – 43 – 48 – 53 - 58 weeks
PERFORMANCE OF BROILER BREEDERS
5
480 Broiler Breeders (Ross 308) + 48 cockerels Week 6 – week 58 4 Feeds:
A: n-6: controlB: n-3: EPA=DHA EPA/DHA = +/- 0,8C: n-3: DHA-rich EPA/DHA = +/- 0,2D: n-3: EPA-rich EPA/DHA = +/- 2,1
pen 1
Apen 2
Bpen 3
Cpen 4
Dpen 5
Apen 6
Bpen 7
Cpen 8
Dpen 16
Dpen 15
Cpen 14
Bpen 13
Apen 12
Dpen 11
Cpen 10
Bpen 9
A
BROILER BREEDERS
n-3 effect on: - EW- LR
n-3 no effect on:- FCR- BW
Weekly measuredWeek 25-58Mean per pen (n=4)
CON EPA=DHA DHA EPA
Egg
We
igh
t (g
)
50
52
54
56
58
60
62
64
66
68
b b b
a
CON EPA=DHA DHA EPA
La
yin
g R
ate
(%
)
50
52
54
56
58
60
62
64
66
68 a
b
ab
a
CON EPA=DHA DHA EPA
Fee
d co
nve
rsio
n ra
tio
2,0
2,5
3,0
3,5
4,0
4,5
5,0
5,5
EGG QUALITY
n-3 no effect on:- Shell Weight (g)- Proportional AW (%)- Proportional YW (%)- Proportional SW (%)- Egg deformation (µm)- Haugh unit
n-3 effect on:- Egg Weight (g)- Albumen Weight (g)- Yolk Weight (g)- Yolk color- Shell Thickness (µm)
Week 28-43-5860 eggs/treatment
Egg Weight Albumen Weight Yolk Weight Shell Weight
Wei
ght
(g)
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
CON EPA=DHA DHA EPA
ab b b
aab abb
ab
abb
Albumen Weight Yolk Weight Shell Weight
Pro
port
iona
l Wei
ght
(%)
10
20
30
40
50
60
CON EPA=DHA DHA EPA
28 w 43 w 58 w
yolk
col
our
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
CON EPA=DHA DHA EPA
b b
a a
28 w 43 w 58 w
Sh
ell
Th
ickn
ess
(µ
m)
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
CON EPA=DHA DHA EPA
b b
aab
INCUBATION PARAMETERSn-3 no effect on:- Chick quality- Chick weight (g)- Proportional CW (%)- Middle and late embryonic
mortality (%)Differences are found on:- Fertility (%)- Hatchability (%)- Early embryonic mortality (%)
Cockerels/methodology- Residual yolk weight (g)- Proportional RYW (%)
33 w 38 w 43 w 48 w 53 w 58 w
Fer
tility
(%
)
20
40
60
80
100
120
CON EPA=DHA DHA EPA
a ab abb a a a
b
a
b bab
38 w 43 w 48 w 53 w 58 w
Hat
chab
ility
(%
)
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
CON EPA=DHA DHA EPA
a a a
b
38 w 43 w 48 w 53 w 58 w
Ear
ly e
mbr
yoni
c m
orta
lity
(%)
0
5
10
15
20
25
CON EPA=DHA DHA EPA
b
b
b
a
38 w 43 w 48 w 53 w 58 w
Res
idua
l Yol
k W
eigh
t (g
)
3
4
5
6
7
8
CON EPA=DHA DHA EPA
a a
b b
38 w 43 w 48 w 53 w 58 w
Pro
port
iona
l Res
idua
l Yol
k W
eigh
t (%
)
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
CON EPA=DHA DHA EPA
a a
b b
b b
a a
Week 33-38-43-48-53-58150 eggs/ treatment
OFFSPRING PERFORMANCE
n-3 no effect on:- Body weight at d14, d28, d38 (g)- Feed Intake
(starter/grower/finisher) (g/a/d)- Body Weight Gain
(starter/grower/finisher) (g/a/d)- Feed Conversion Ratio
(grower/finisher)
n-3 effect on:- Body weight at d0 (g)- FCR starter (g/a/d)- FCR total period (g/a/d)
Week 28-43-58600 eggs/ treatment 240 offspring/ treatment
CON EPA=DHA DHA EPA
Bo
dy
We
igh
t a
t d
0 (
g)
20
25
30
35
40
45
50 a
b b b
CON EPA=DHA DHA EPA
Fee
d co
nve
rsio
n ra
tio s
tart
er
1,0
1,1
1,2
1,3
1,4
1,5
1,6
a
b
ab
b
CON EPA=DHA DHA EPA
Fee
d co
nver
sio
n ra
tio t
otal
1,40
1,42
1,44
1,46
1,48
1,50
1,52
1,54
1,56
1,58
1,60
a
ab
ab
b
pen
13
A
pen
14
B
pen
15
C
pen
16
D
pen
17
A
pen
18
B
pen
19
C
pen
20
D
pen
21
A
pen
22
B
pen
23
C
pen
24
Dpen
1
A
pen
2
B
pen
3
C
pen
4
D
pen
5
A
pen
6
B
pen
7
C
pen
8
D
pen
9
A
pen
10
B
pen
11
C
pen
12
D
Transfer of FA Yolk provides FA to embryo (80%
absorbed) YSM: uptake and transfer of lipids from yolk to embryonic circulation
Consumption eggs: dietary yolk n-3 PUFA
Broilers? n-3 PUFA eicosanoids immunity
- 50% of total amount of FA originally present in the yolk incorporated into tissues of chick- 50% of total FA present in yolk undergoes β-oxidation to provide energy
FA composition
4 T: 1. control (AA) 2. EPA=DHA 3. DHA>EPA 4. EPA> DHA
d1 d14 d30
Residual yolkFresh yolk Liver
n-6 n-3 n-6/n-3
FA
(%
)0
5
10
15
20
25
CON EPA=DHA DHA EPA
b b b
a
b
a a a
a
b b b
n-6 n-3 n-6/n-3
FA
(%
)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
CON EPA=DHA DHA EPA
b b b
a
b
a a a
a
b b b
N-6/N-3 RATIO
Control eggs:- more n-6 FA- Less n-3 FA
Dietary n-3 enrichment lowers n-6/n-3
Fresh yolk Residual yolk
AA, EPA AND DHA CONC
Control group:- Higher AA conc- Lower DHA and EPA concDietary EPA - increases EPA and DHA in yolkDietary DHA - results in only higher DHA conc- Effect is less pronouncedAll enriched groups:- Much more DHA available for theProgeny compared to control group
AA EPA DHA
% F
A co
nc
0
1
2
3
4
CON EPA=DHA DHA EPA
a
ab b b
c c
b a
b
a ab
a FRESH YOLK
AA EPA DHA
% F
A c
onc
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
CON EPA=DHA DHA EPA
b
a
ab
b b
a a
b bb
a a
a
Fresh yolk Residual yolk
AA, EPA AND DHA CONC
LIVER D1
ab
AA EPA DHA
% F
A c
onc
0
2
4
6
CON EPA=DHA DHA EPA
b
a a a
b
a a
a
EPA conc in DHA group is increasedcompared to RY conc
All conc are higher
Biomagnification of essential PUFA
BIOMAGNIFICATION OF ESSENTIAL PUFA
= proportion of essential C20-22 FA increases each stage of transfer process from RY to embryo
1. Preferential uptake from yolk by YSM
2. In YSM: DHA translocated to TAG, resulting in enriched VLDL released into circulation
3. Preferential mobilisation from adipose TAG into plasma
Yolk RY L d1 L d14 L d30
conc
entra
tion
DH
A (%
)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
CON EPA=DHA DHA EPA
b
aab
a
b
a a a
b
a a
a
b ab
a
ab
DHA VS EPA
Yolk RY L d1 L d14 L d30
conc
entr
atio
n D
HA
(%
)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
CON EPA=DHA DHA EPA
b
aab
a
b
a a a
b
a a
a
b ab
a
ab
Yolk RY L d1 L d14 L d30co
nce
ntr
atio
n E
PA
(%
)0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
CON EPA=DHA DHA EPA
c
b
c
a
b
a
b
a
b
a
a
a
ab
ab
a
b
DHA more present early in the post hatch life, while EPA remains low and equal inprogeny liver
Breeders: decreased LR and EW Increased FCR
Egg quality: increased Ycolor, prop SW, ST decreased YW and AW
Incubation: Decreased RYW and prop RYW
Offspring: decreased BW d0, FCR starter
CONCLUSION
Dietary n-3 enrichment Lowers n-6/n-3 ratio in fresh yolk and residual yolk More DHA available for transfer to offspring from residual yolk
Adding DHA to maternal diet results in higher DHA concentration in fresh and residual yolk
Adding EPA to maternal diet results in more EPA and DHA in residual yolk
Biomagnification during transfer from RY to tissue of offspring
DHA present in higher conc early in post hatch life
CONCLUSION
Thank you for your attention!Any Questions?
Astrid Koppenol