WASTE MANAGEMENT & DISPOSAL

COMPILED BY : EKRAKENE

PETER

HSE REP

OLUTEE ENG. NIG LTD

OBJECTIVESAt the end of this Presentation, you will be able to know the benefits of waste management processIdentify the different waste streamsUnderstand the need to segregate waste from the sourceKnow the merits and demerits of various waste management processKnow your responsibility in the NMA/EGTL project waste management plan

Safety Is Your Personal Responsibility

Make a choice of the method of waste management you prefer

Safety Is Your Personal Responsibility

Waste Management

Activities that deal with waste before and after it is produced, including its minimization, transfer, storage, separation, recovery, recycling, and final disposal. All wastes materials, whether they are solid, semi-solid, liquid, gaseous or radioactive fall within the remit of waste management

Safety Is Your Personal Responsibility

Waste Management Hierarchy

The steeper the pyramid becomes the better

Safety Is Your Personal Responsibility

DEFINITION OF WASTE MANAGEMENT

Waste management is the collection, transportation, processing or disposal of waste materials usually produced by human activities, in an effort to reduce their effect on human health or local amenities. These processes is regulated throughout the world and it requires the waste operator to be licensed or given permission by the local regulatory agency. Waste management can involve solid, semi-solid, liquid or gaseous waste, with different methods and field of expertise for each.

Safety Is Your Personal Responsibility

Importance of Waste Management

Waste that is not properly managed can create serious health or social problems in a community. Examples of such problems are;Pests and disease: Food waste attracts pests and vermin, like feral pigs and rats. These pests and vermin can start or spread disease in the community. Piles of old garden waste and pieces of old furniture left in yards can shelter vermin and help them to breed. Dengue fever can be spread by mosquitoes that breed in anything that can hold water, like inside old car tyres, cans, bottles, etc.

Safety Is Your Personal Responsibility

Poison and pollution: Illegally dumped pesticides, motor oil and other chemicals can contaminate land, creeks, and water supplies. People drinking or swimming in polluted water can get sick.

Human waste and diseases: It is very important to keep human waste out of water supplies. Human waste (faeces, poo, ,urine, wee) contains diseases that make people sick. Human waste can get into the local water supplies from leaking septic tanks, releasing contaminated water from sewage treatment plants, dirty nappies, leaking sewage pipes and people using local creeks as a toilet.

Injury and disease: People can get diseases like tetanus and leptospirosis if they cut or scratch themselves on pieces of metal, nails or glass. Children can be seriously hurt by playing with old car batteries or household cleaners that they find lying around.

Importance of Waste Management Con’t

Safety Is Your Personal Responsibility

Litter: Litter can be a problem in any community. Broken bottles and tins, for example, can cause  injury if people don’t put them into bins. Mosquitoes and other vectors can breed in water trapped in old tyres and bottles. People are more likely to drop litter in places that already have litter lying around. If they see litter on the ground, they may think it is OK for them to also throw their litter on to the ground.

Social and economic problems : Messy yards and streets can have a bad effect on the attitudes of local people. It can also be hard to get people to work or live in a community where the environment looks untidy or unsafe. People can get seriously sick from badly managed waste problems. If they have to leave the community to spend time in hospital, the patient and their families can be badly affected by the separation.

Importance of Waste Management Con’t

Safety Is Your Personal Responsibility

Waste management Responsibilities

All persons in the NMA/EGTL project has responsibilities towards effective waste management.Contractor:Preparing the project Waste Management Plan (WMP)Providing sufficient and adequate resources to enable waste controlEnsuring environmental objectives are metIdentify and quantify all waste streams, etcSub-contractors:Ensuring waste segregation at sourceCollection and transportation of solid waste to the WMAProvision and clear labelling of waste bins / skips to identify the waste stream

Safety Is Your Personal Responsibility

Methods of Waste Disposal

Landfills were often established in abandoned or unused quarries, mining voids or borrow pits. A properly designed and well-managed landfill can be a hygienic and relatively inexpensive method of disposing of waste materials. Older, poorly designed or poorly managed landfills can create a number of adverse environmental impacts such as wind-blown litter, attraction of vermin, and generation of liquid leachate. Another common product of landfills is gas (mostly composed of methane and carbon dioxide), which is produced as organic waste breaks down anaerobically. This gas can create odour problems, kill surface vegetation, and is a greenhouse gas.

Landfills

Safety Is Your Personal Responsibility

Design characteristics of a modern landfill include methods to contain leachate such as clay or plastic lining material. Deposited waste is normally compacted to increase its density and stability, and covered to prevent attracting vermin (such as mice or rats). Many landfills also have landfill gas extraction systems installed to extract the landfill gas. Gas is pumped out of the landfill using perforated pipes and flared off or burnt in a gas engine to generate electricity

Safety Is Your Personal Responsibility

Incineration

EGTL Incinerators are mainly uses for incineration of food wastes

Safety Is Your Personal Responsibility

Incineration con’tIncineration of waste also known as thermal treatment" is a

disposal method in which solid organic wastes are subjected to combustion so as to convert them into residue , heat, gas, steam and ash . This process reduces the volumes of solid waste to 20 to 30 percent of the original volume . It is recognized as a practical method of disposing certain hazardous waste materials such as biological medical waste.

Merits:requires minimum landcan be operated in any weatherproduces stable odour-free residuerefuse volume is reduced by halfDemeritsexpensive to build and operatehigh energy requirementrequires skilled personnel and continuous maintenance

Safety Is Your Personal Responsibility

RecyclingRecycling is a resource recovery practice that refers to the collection and reuse of waste materials such as empty beverage containers. The materials from which the items are made can be reprocessed into new products. Material for recycling may be collected separately from general waste using dedicated bins and collection vehicles are sorted directly from mixed waste streams and are known as kerb-side recycling, it requires the owner of the waste to separate it into various different bins (typically wheelie bins) prior to its collection.

The most common consumer products recycled include aluminium, copper such as wire, steel, or equipment, polyethylene and PET bottles, glass bottles and jars, paperboard cartons, newspapers, magazines etc.

Meritkey to providing a liveable environment for the future

Demeritsexpensivesome wastes cannot be recycledtechnological push neededseparation of useful material from waste difficult

Safety Is Your Personal Responsibility

Biological ReprocessingBiological reprocessing

An active compost heap.

Recoverable materials that are organic in nature, such as plant material, food scraps, and paper products, can be recovered through composting and digestion processes to decompose the organic matter. The resulting organic material is then recycled as mulch or compost for agricultural or landscaping purposes. In addition, waste gas from the process (such as methane) can be captured and used for generating electricity and heat maximising efficiencies. The intention of biological processing in waste management is to control and accelerate the natural process of decomposition of organic matter.

Safety Is Your Personal Responsibility

Energy Recovery

Anaerobic digestion component plant

The energy content of waste products can be harnessed directly by using them as a direct combustion fuel, or indirectly by processing them into another type of fuel. Thermal treatment ranges from using waste as a fuel source for cooking or heating and the use of the gas fuel (see above), to fuel for boilers to generate steam and electricity in a turbine. Pyrolysis and gasification are two related forms of thermal treatment where waste materials are heated to high temperatures with limited oxygen availability. The process usually occurs in a sealed vessel under high pressure. Pyrolysis of solid waste converts the material into solid, liquid and gas products. The liquid and gas can be burnt to produce energy or refined into other chemical products (chemical refinery). The solid residue (char) can be further refined into products such as activated carbon

Safety Is Your Personal Responsibility

Avoidance and reduction methods

An important method of waste management is the prevention of waste material being created, also known as waste reduction. Methods of avoidance include reuse of second-hand products, repairing broken items instead of buying new, designing products to be refillable or reusable (such as use of refillable water cans instead going around with disposable water cans), encouraging consumers to avoid using disposable products (such as disposable cutlery), removing any food/liquid remains from cans, packaging, and designing products that use less material to achieve the same purpose.

Safety Is Your Personal Responsibility

Do’s of waste management

DO package chemical waste, contaminated sharps and other piercing objects in appropriate containers.

Do label waste bins/skips with appropriate visible marking.

DO select a container that is compatible with the type and amount of waste generated.

DO store all chemical wastes within secondary containment and ensure MSDS is available.

Do ensure that bins/skips are evacuated daily to reduce microscopic activities.

Safety Is Your Personal Responsibility

Don’ts of waste management

Do not litter the environment with waste, use bins/skipsDo not overfill waste bins/skipsDo not pour chemical wastes down the drain Do not place medical waste and/or food waste in

general waste bins/skipsDo not burn wasteDo not place breakable materials such as bottles,

glasses, etc in waste bins/ skipsDo not handle waste without the necessary vaccination Do not handle waste without using the required PPE

Safety Is Your Personal Responsibility

Conclusion

If waste is well managed, the cost of fixing problems does not become a burden on the individual or company finances. A good waste management

process makes the environment clean, safe and tidy.

Safety Is Your Personal Responsibility

Safety Is Your Personal Responsibility