old “mc” orwell had a farm: manor farm or animal farm

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Old “Mc” Orwell Had a Farm: Manor Farm or Animal Farm

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Page 1: Old “Mc” Orwell Had a Farm: Manor Farm or Animal Farm

Old “Mc” Orwell Had a Farm:

Manor Farm or Animal Farm

Page 2: Old “Mc” Orwell Had a Farm: Manor Farm or Animal Farm

What Is an Allegory?

• Narrative that serves as an extended metaphor.

• May be fables, parables, poems, stories, any almost any other form of literature.

• Four levels: literal meaning, satirical allegory, political treatise, beast fable.

Page 3: Old “Mc” Orwell Had a Farm: Manor Farm or Animal Farm

Which Three Forms of Allegory Fit Animal Farm?

Satirical Allegory Political Treatise Beast Fable

Learning to Walk

Page 4: Old “Mc” Orwell Had a Farm: Manor Farm or Animal Farm

Allegory vs. Symbol

Allegory is a complete narrative that conveys abstract ideas to get a point across.

Symbol is a representation of an idea or concept that can have different meanings throughout a literary work.

Page 5: Old “Mc” Orwell Had a Farm: Manor Farm or Animal Farm

A Simple Story Becomes…

• A moral warning against the abuse of power;

• A story of disillusionment with the Russian Revolution of 1917;

• An exposure of Stalin’s evils;• A fable of human strengths and

weaknesses.

Page 6: Old “Mc” Orwell Had a Farm: Manor Farm or Animal Farm

Why Orwell Wrote the Book

• He was a democratic socialist.

• He was disgusted by Stalin’s betrayal of the ideals of the Russian Revolution.

• He wanted to teach us: Power corrupts;

Revolutions come full circle

and devour their people;

Page 7: Old “Mc” Orwell Had a Farm: Manor Farm or Animal Farm

George Orwell

Page 8: Old “Mc” Orwell Had a Farm: Manor Farm or Animal Farm

Why Orwell Wrote the Book (Con’d)

Even good people are vulnerable to power-

hungry leaders if they do not question what

they are told.

Page 9: Old “Mc” Orwell Had a Farm: Manor Farm or Animal Farm

Character: Old Major Represents a mixture of Marx and Lenin Marx and Lenin were well-

educated “thinkers.” They were revolutionaries, NOT

street fighters. Marx was dead before the

Revolution started, and Lenin was already an old man.

Page 10: Old “Mc” Orwell Had a Farm: Manor Farm or Animal Farm

Character: Farmer Jones

Represents the Czar Nicholas and his royal family

Not a bad ruler, but too weak to deal with the revolution and put a stop to it.

Page 11: Old “Mc” Orwell Had a Farm: Manor Farm or Animal Farm

From One House to Another

Winter Palace Room Where Czar and Family Murdered

Page 12: Old “Mc” Orwell Had a Farm: Manor Farm or Animal Farm

Character: Old Major (Wise, Old Hog)

Page 13: Old “Mc” Orwell Had a Farm: Manor Farm or Animal Farm

Famous Sayings

“Animals of the world unite.”

“No animal in England is free. The life of an animal is misery and slavery: that is the plain truth.”

“All men are enemies. All animals are comrades.”

Page 14: Old “Mc” Orwell Had a Farm: Manor Farm or Animal Farm

Marx/Lenin• Marx and Lenin were “thinkers”

and writers.• Dream of abolishing class

distinctions and redistribution of land and resources

• Philosophical belief in the possibility of an utopian society based on equality and work sharing (think of Early Christians)

Page 15: Old “Mc” Orwell Had a Farm: Manor Farm or Animal Farm

Marx and Lenin

Page 16: Old “Mc” Orwell Had a Farm: Manor Farm or Animal Farm

Character: Boxer, Benjamin, et al

Boxer (the work horse) represents the Russian working class, especially the peasants.

Benjamin (the donkey) stands for the cunning workers who saw the disaster coming with the revolution, but did nothing about it.

Page 17: Old “Mc” Orwell Had a Farm: Manor Farm or Animal Farm

Boxer and Benjamin

Page 18: Old “Mc” Orwell Had a Farm: Manor Farm or Animal Farm

Famous Sayings

Boxer: “I will work harder.”“ If Comrade Napoleon says it, it must be true.”

Benjamin: “Donkeys live a long time.”“I can read, but there’s nothing worth reading.

Page 19: Old “Mc” Orwell Had a Farm: Manor Farm or Animal Farm

Character: Boxer, Benjamin, et al (Con’d)

• The hens stand for the Russian farmers who attempted to hold on to their farms.

• The sheep represent the unthinking workers who did not understand what was happening, but wanted the status quo to change.

Page 20: Old “Mc” Orwell Had a Farm: Manor Farm or Animal Farm

The Hens

Refuse to give up their eggs and are severely punished by the hogs until they comply.

Page 21: Old “Mc” Orwell Had a Farm: Manor Farm or Animal Farm

The Bolsheviks

• Russians: largely peasants with some formal education

• On an intellectual level, this population embraces the Revolution.

• Enthusiastically worked for the Revolution because of the promise of food and work.

Page 22: Old “Mc” Orwell Had a Farm: Manor Farm or Animal Farm

BolsheviksBolsheviks (or "the Majority") were an

organization of professional revolutionaries who considered themselves as a vanguard of the revolutionary proletariat.

Beliefs and practices were often referred to as Bolshevism.

Party was founded by Vladimir Lenin, who also led it in the October Revolution

Page 23: Old “Mc” Orwell Had a Farm: Manor Farm or Animal Farm

Josef Stalin

totalitarian ruler of Russia after Lenin

expels Leon Trotsky from the Party and then adopts many of Trotsky’s financial and political plans

iron-fisted dictator

Page 24: Old “Mc” Orwell Had a Farm: Manor Farm or Animal Farm

Joseph Stalin (Con’d)

Took control from LeninCold-blooded killerFar more murders than HitlerResponsible for 10-20 MILLION

murdersPersonally enjoyed killing and

watching others killMurdered at least one wife

Page 25: Old “Mc” Orwell Had a Farm: Manor Farm or Animal Farm

Joseph Stalin (Con’d)

Ruled Soviet Russia 1922-1953

Page 26: Old “Mc” Orwell Had a Farm: Manor Farm or Animal Farm

Character: Napoleon

• Napoleon represents Stalin

Page 27: Old “Mc” Orwell Had a Farm: Manor Farm or Animal Farm

Joseph Stalin

Real name Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili

“Stalin” means “man of steel” or “hammer of steel.”

From a peasant family in the Russian providence of Georgia

Page 28: Old “Mc” Orwell Had a Farm: Manor Farm or Animal Farm

Stakhanovites

The Stakhanovites (Working Class)

poor Russian populace with little to no formal education

Page 29: Old “Mc” Orwell Had a Farm: Manor Farm or Animal Farm

The Russian Orthodox and Roman Catholic Churches

under Marxism, the “church” has no official role

Marx comments that “The abolition of religion as the illusory happiness of the people is required for their real happiness.”

Page 30: Old “Mc” Orwell Had a Farm: Manor Farm or Animal Farm

Russian Church

Lenin called religion “the opiate of the masses”; He meant that is was used as a painkiller for the unfairness of the workers’ world. The raven Moses represents religion in the book.

Page 31: Old “Mc” Orwell Had a Farm: Manor Farm or Animal Farm

Leon Trotsky

• an intellectual and Lenin’s “right hand” man

• much more practical than Lenin, more aware of the daily struggles of the population

• conceives of the notion of the Five Year Plan that Stalin later adopts

Page 32: Old “Mc” Orwell Had a Farm: Manor Farm or Animal Farm

Character: Snowball

Snowball represents Leon Trotsky.

Trotsky was a “thinker,” but also a street fighter for the revolution. Stalin felt that Trotsky had to be eliminated because he was too smart and powerful and “might” pose a threat to Stalin’s rule.

Page 33: Old “Mc” Orwell Had a Farm: Manor Farm or Animal Farm

White Russians (Belarusian)

under the Czar, these Russians were land owners with a certain degree of influence

before the Revolution, White Russians own serfs and control distribution of wealth in “the bread basket” of Russia (Ukraine, Belarus)

Page 34: Old “Mc” Orwell Had a Farm: Manor Farm or Animal Farm

White Russians (Con’d)

• resented by the general population as members of the elitist (class) system that exists before the Revolution

Page 35: Old “Mc” Orwell Had a Farm: Manor Farm or Animal Farm

Winston Churchill (England)

• close diplomatic ties with Lenin in order to defeat Hitler and the Nazis during World War II

• Churchill had reservations about socialism but overlooked them in order to manage what he saw as a greater threat to England and Western Europe: Fascism

Page 36: Old “Mc” Orwell Had a Farm: Manor Farm or Animal Farm

Forced Labor

The Revolt of the Hens and their brutal punishment represents to measures taken by Stalin and his men to force the Russian farmers to give up their land and way of life.

Page 37: Old “Mc” Orwell Had a Farm: Manor Farm or Animal Farm

Propagandists (Pravda)

• Russian newspaper, state-run• Pravda was well-known in the West

for its pronouncements as the official voice of Soviet Communism

Page 38: Old “Mc” Orwell Had a Farm: Manor Farm or Animal Farm

Secret Police (Beria)

• NKVD (later the KGB) come to be regarded with great fear by the Russians was responsible for political repression during the Stalinist era

• conducted mass extrajudicial executions, ran the Gulag system of forced labor, conducted mass deportations of nationalities and peasants labeled as “Kulaks" to unpopulated regions of the country, guarded state borders, conducted espionage and political assassinations abroad, was responsible for subversion of foreign governments, and enforced Stalinist policy within Communist movements in other countries

Page 39: Old “Mc” Orwell Had a Farm: Manor Farm or Animal Farm

Secret Police (Con’d)

• also known for its Main Directorate for State Security, which eventually became the Committee for State Security (KGB)

Page 40: Old “Mc” Orwell Had a Farm: Manor Farm or Animal Farm

Characters: Squealer and the Dogs

The Dogs were taken by Napoleon to train as his protection force. They became his ruthless killers.

Page 41: Old “Mc” Orwell Had a Farm: Manor Farm or Animal Farm

Plot Parallels

October Revolution 1917Kronstadt rebellionTrotsky’s emphasis on heavy industryCivil War 1918 -1919Stalin’s emphasis on agricultureTrotsky’s permanent revolutionStalin’s “socialism in one country”Trotsky’s exileFailure of the first “Five Year Plan”

Page 42: Old “Mc” Orwell Had a Farm: Manor Farm or Animal Farm

…continued

Purge trials 1936 – 1938Nazi-Soviet pact of 1939German invasion 1941• Tehran conference 1943

Page 43: Old “Mc” Orwell Had a Farm: Manor Farm or Animal Farm

Plot parallels

• Snowball champions the windmill• The animals’ rebellion• Napoleon’s opposition to sending pigeons• The Battle of the Cowshed led by Snowball• Snowball is defeated and driven away• The windmill is demolished• Deal with Frederick• Battle with Frederick• The mutiny of the hens• Snowball wants to send pigeons to nearby farms• Pigs and men are indistinguishable• Starvation• Confessions and executions of animals

Page 44: Old “Mc” Orwell Had a Farm: Manor Farm or Animal Farm

Snowball’s Dream and Disaster

Snowball proposed building a windmill to make life easier for the workers in the future. Napoleon objected because he wanted to sell goods the workers could produce. Napoleon used this windmill idea to label Snowball a traitor and force him off the farm.

Page 45: Old “Mc” Orwell Had a Farm: Manor Farm or Animal Farm

Finale

• By the end of the book, it is impossible to tell the difference in the actions of the Hogs and Man. The animals are still suffering under the rule of a monster. It may be an “animal” monster, but he is still a monster.

Created by: Mrs. Cheryl Metz