Old industry in Great Britain

The development, the success, the fall

Operacijo delno financira Evropska unija iz Evropskega socialnega sklada ter Ministrstvo za šolstvo in šport. Operacija se izvaja v okviru Operativnega programa razvoja človeških virov v obdobju 2007-2013, razvojne prioritete: Razvoj človeških virov in vseživljenjsko učenje;

prednostne usmeritve: Izboljšanje kakovosti in učinkovitosti sistemov izobraževanja in usposabljanja.

The Industrial Revolution was another of those extraordinary jumps forward in the story of

civilization.(Stephen Gardiner)

Once upon a time…

• The industrial revolution - period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries

• Appearance of machine-based manufacturation, next: – mechanization of the textile industries– development of iron-making techniques – increased use of refined coal

How is it done?

All you need is…

• An invention, for instance the STEAM ENGINE (and a smart person to invent it: James Watt)

• Fuel to run it, for instance COAL – lots of it in the England’s mountains

• If you don’t have it – no biggie, IMPORT it – get TRANSPORTATION – ships, trains, you’ve got ports, so don’t worry

• Last but not least, get LABOUR FORCE – people are still needed!

And you have the industrial revolution!!

• Factories grow• People gather around the factories• Cities begin to grow

Deindustrialization

• = a sharp decline of traditional heavy and manufacturing industries – from the mid 20th century

• Closing down of different industrial plants: – coalmines (from the 1920s)– textile factories (from the 1960s)– shipbuilding yards (from the 1970s)– steelworks (from the 1980s)

WHY?!?• coal was replaced by oil• cheaper steel from other countries• out-of-date technology• the loss of Indian market• the development of the industry in the USA and

Germany• appearance of new branches in industry and an

increase in the service sector• the development of an information-based economy• worldwide economic crisis

Consequences follow …

• great losses of work posts• high unemployment rates• crisis• NO MONEY!!!

Liverpool• Port of Liverpool – the “magic wand” for the

success• Sixth largest district in the world• A city and metropolitan borough, along the

MERSY estuary• Population: 435 500, Liverpool Urban Area (816

216)• Diverse population: oldest Black community,

Chinese community, Irish and Welsh population

Economy

• Port: – By 18th century trade from west India, Ireland,

mainland Europe + Atlantic SLAVE TRADE– by 19th century 40% of the world’s trade passed

through Liverpool dock – today more than 40 million t of cargo and 15 000

movements annually – related with the Manchester Ship Canal – making

the River Mersey Britain’s 3. busiest estuary

FOOTBALL!!• Everton• Liverpool F.C. – formed in 1892, in the top

since 1962 – have won 18 league titles, 7 FA Cups, 7 league

Cups, 5 European cups and 3 UEFA Cups – some of the game's finest talents of past and

present; these include Ian St. John, Roger Hunt, Ron Yeats, Ian Rush, Robbie Fowler and Steven Gerrard

the Beatles• rock and pop band, formed in 1960 in

Liverpool• consisted of: John Lennon, Paul McCartney,

George Harrison, Ringo Star • broke up 1970, continued with solo careers • sold more than one BILLION records

worldwide

Sheffield: “the steel city”• one of the eight largest English cities outside

London• population: 530 300 • worldwide recognized in the 19th century for its

production of STEEL • many innovations in the industry were developed

locally, for example stainless steel• located at the confluence of five rivers • Europe’s greenest city

the fall….

• deindustrialization caused many problems: unemployment, people leaving…

• now the Sheffield economy is going through a strong revival

• still iron and steel industry, coal mining + main focus on Services, finance, business activities, education & health

Six men. With nothing to lose. Who dare to go…

FULL MONTY - released in 1997 - shows what to do if you’re unemployed and

need money - won an Oscar for Best Music, Original Musical

or Comedy Score - listen to the summary!

Other industrial cities in the UK• Cardiff:

– coal mining, steel and iron industry– the port area – “the Tiger bay” became the busiest port in

the world at it’s peak • Manchester:

– “Cottonopolis” – cotton processing and textile manufacture • Glasgow:

– transatlantic trade with the Americas– centre of engineering and shipbuilding

• Newcastle: – leading centre for coal mining and manufacturing during

the IR

New Words• decline = to slope downward, to lower oneself • branch = a subdivision of a main part• dock = the area of water between two piers, a pier that

receives a ship for loading, unloading or repairs• cargo = material carried by a ship, an aircraft or another

vehicle • annually = per year• estuary = the part of a wide, lower course of a river that is met

by the tides • confluence = a flowing together of two or more streams • revival = the act or an instance of reviving (bringing back to

life)

Literature

• en.wikipedia.org• images.google.com• www.youtube.com

CONFUSED??

Primož Černelč, Jernej Falnoga, Ina Majer, Marjetka Obrovnik, Katarina Žagar in Maja Likar, 3.b; 2008/09