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Aims

Oil - Worksheets 1 - 7

© Scottish Water 2005www.scottishwater.co.uk/education

• Oil Clean -up Game Instructions - these are provided for you to print out and

laminate for pupils to use whilst playing the Oil Clean-Up Game on the website.

• Fascinating Fact Sheets - these provide key information about oil spills and the

clean - up operation. It expands the information provided for pupils on the website.

• Oil Spill Quiz - this can be used as a pre/post test to check pupil's knowledge.

1. Oil Clean-up Game Instructions 2. Fascinating Fact Sheet 1 - Oil Pollution3. Fascinating Fact Sheet 2 - Oil spills at sea4. Fascinating Facts 3 - Cleaning up an oil spill5. Fascinating Facts 4 - Rescuing Wildlife6. Oil Spill Quiz7. Oil Spill Quiz Answer Sheet

It's a good thing you have a disaster control plan in place because the tanker has run aground and is leaking oil into the sea. In the crash some of the crewmen were thrown overboard into the sea and will drown unless they are rescued.

This is a test of speed and skill. You need to save the crewmen from the water as quickly as possible and then clean up as much of the oil as you can.

To complete the task you will need to use both boats:

LIFEBOAT OIL CLEAN-UP SHIPTo switch between the two boats you press the letter 'B' on your keyboard.

SONAR MAPUse the Mini Sonar Map in the bottom right hand corner of the screen to locate the Life Boat house and Oil Depot at any time.


Oil Clean-up Game Instructions

Mayday! Mayday!

Both boats are controlled using the arrow buttons on your keyboard.

UP - Move forwardDOWN - Move aft (backwards)LEFT - Steer to port (left)RIGHT - Steer to starboard (right)

You need to slow down the lifeboat to pick up the crewmen. If you are moving too fast they will not have time to jump aboard.

There are no brakes on a boat so you have to slowdown by using the Move Backwards control.

The lifeboat will only hold five extra men. This means you will have to return to the lifeboat house when the boat is full, and then set out again. To drop off the crew, drive back to the lifeboat house and nudge the ramp.

You can also score bonus points by slowing down to pick up the blue seabirds trapped in the floating oil.

Hot tip: Crewmen with an arrow over their heads are in the most danger of drowning so try to save them first.

Every time you run into the rocks or hit an oil barrel you will seriously damage the boat.

If you run into the buoys, the oil-boom, the tanker or the beach you will also damage the boat. The damage will not be as bad as hitting the rocks or oil barrels, but it willalso slow you down as you try and pull free.


Oil Clean-up Game Instructions continued

Basic boat controls

The Lifeboat

Boat Damage

If the boat is badly damaged you will need to start again using one of your two extra lives.

If you motor over the floating seaweed the boat will be slow down and you will lose valuable time.

To suck up oil from the sea. Press and hold down the 'SPACEBAR' to switch on the suction machine.

But be warned! The suction machine will also suck up water, so only switch it on when you are over the floating oil.

When the oil tank is full you will need to empty the tank at the floating Oil Depot.

To empty the tank motor back to the oil depot and nudge the pipe to empty the tank.

You score points from rescuing the crewmen, cleaning up the oil spill and saving seabirds.

The game is over when you have saved all the men and cleaned up or the oil - or you have run out of boats.

Hot tip: When lives are at stake, you should always try to save people first.


Oil Clean-up Game Instructions continued

Boat Damage continued

The Oil Clean-Up Boat

Boat Damage continued

Scoring

The effect of oil pollution

• 1 litre of oil could make 1 million litres of fresh water undrinkable.

• The oil from one car engine is enough to pollute a lake the size of two football pitches.

• Just half a litre of oil can stop a small sewage treatment works from operating.

• Many storm water drains lead directly to rivers - pouring waste liquids down these drains is the same as pouring it directly into the river.

• Oil is poisonous to fish and wildlife and smothers plants.

Visit the Scottish Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA) website to find out about the Scottish Oil Care Campaign www.sepa.org.uk

Fascinating Facts 1 - Oil Pollution


Oil - Worksheet 2

Oil is the cause of more than one fifth of all Scottish pol-

lution incidents. Oil can pollute rivers, lochs and the sea,

killing wildlife and removing vital oxygen from the water.

In Scotland in 2003, there were over 250 incidents of

water pollution by oil. Because of the way oil spreads,

even a small amount can do a lot of damage.

Fascinating Facts 2 - Oil spills at sea


Oil - Worksheet 3

Oil spills happen when people make mistakes or a shipis damaged in a storm, hurricane or war. Usually theseaccidents happen while the oil is being transported andoil spills into rivers, bays or the sea. When an oil spilloccurs people around the world are shocked by thedamage to the environment. Many oil spills are causedby human error, but there are also oil spills caused bynature such as when oil seeps from deposits underthe ocean floor.

The early impact of an oil spill on the environment is well known to all of us who hear about it on the radio or see pictures on the news: a film of oil spreading across the surface of the water, oil stained beaches and shorelines, birds and marine mammals coated with oil struggling to survive and dead birds and mammals littering the shoreline.

Fascinating Facts 2 - Oil spills at sea continued


Oil - Worksheet 3 continued

Oil floats on the sea and when an oil spill happens, the oil spreads over the surface of the water to form a thin layer called an oil slick. Light oil spreads quickly over the water to form a very thin sheen, while heavy black oil often floats in big oil slicks until it is broken up by the waves. This is often called 'chocolate mousse'

Oil spills are harmful to marine birds and mammals, as well as fish and shellfish. Oil destroys the ability of furry mammals like seals to keep warm. It also breaks down the water repelling abilities of a bird's feathers. This stop birds from flying and exposes animals to the cold sea, and they often drown.Many birds and animals also swallow oil when they try to clean themselves, which can poison them.

Marine life on reefs, shorelines and riverbeds can be smothered or poisoned by the oil. The death of these small animals can have a terrible effect on the food chain for years to come. In the worst accidents, like the oil spill from Exxon Valdiz in Alaska, hundreds of thousands of birds and mammalscan be killed or injured.

When oil is spilled, the response must be fast and decisive. The main methods used to clean up oil spills are these:

Fascinating Facts 3 - Cleaning up an oil spill


Oil - Worksheet 4

BOOMS Floating barriers which are placed around theleaking ship. Booms stop the oil spreading sothat the skimmers can collect it.

Boats, vacuum machines, and oil-absorbent plastic ropes that skim spilled oil from thewater surface. The skimmer collects oil intoa container so it can be removed safely.

Big sponges used to absorb oil.

These cause the oil slick to clump together.

These break down the oil into itschemical constituents.

Sometimes emergency services deliberatelyset-fire to freshly-spilled oil while it's floatingon the water.

Oil can be washed off beaches withhigh-pressure and low-pressure hoses.

These are used to vacuum spilled oil frombeaches or the water surface.

These are used to scoop up oil or move oiled beachsand and gravel so that it can be cleaned.

These can be used to help break down smallparticles of oil that have contaminated the land.

SKIMMERS

SORBENTS

GELLING AGENTS

CHEMICALDISPERSANTS

BURNING

WASHING

VACUUM TRUCKS

SHOVELS ANDROAD EQUIPMENT

BIOLOGICALAGENTS

Fascinating Facts 3 - Cleaning up an oil spill continued



Meteorologists (weather forecasters) provideimportant information which helps the response team to track, contain and clean up the oil spill. Decisions on which clean - up and containment methods to use depend both on the currentweather and what is forecast at the spill site.

Meteorologists provide forecasts of wind shifts and strengths, warnings of severe weather like thunderstorms, lightening and hurricanes, information on wave heights, air and sea temperature, whether the sea might freeze, or fog will roll in cutting down on visibility.

How do you think an oil slick will be tracked?The methods and tools people choose will depend on the size and location of the oil spill and the weather. But in every situation, the more oil that can be recovered the better it is for the environment.

to Animals (RSPCA) usually help set up emergency treatment centres where they can clean wildlife with the help of local volunteers.

If oil is spilled into the marine environment, the first is to control the spread of the oil. At the same time people try to keep birds and animals away from the contaminated area. Floating dummies and helium filled balloons are often used to scare animals and particularly birds away from oily areas.In the UK, the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) and The Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty

Fascinating Facts 4 - Rescuing Wildlife

Cleaning Animals


Oil - Worksheet 5

We have seen pictures of birds trying to clean oil out of their feathers. Birds have to be treated as quickly as possible to make sure that they live. First, oil is flushed from their eyes and stomach. Heavily oiled birds are wiped with absorbent cloths to remove patches of oil.

The birds will be checked to see if there are any broken bones, cuts or otherinjuries. They may be given medicine that will coat their stomach to stop any more oil being absorbed into their system. The bird is then warmed and placed in a quiet area - the less stressed they are the better their chance of survival.

Eating well is vital to their recovery. Wild birds usually learn to feed from pansand other containers as soon as they begin to feel better. However, many birdsmust be force-fed until they are able to feed on their own. Only once the bird is alert and responsive will it be washed with detergent whichis gently stroked into its feathers to remove the oil. A bird may need to be washedmore than three times to remove all of the oil. After washing, a bird will be placed in a clean pen lined with sheets or towelsand warmed by heat lamps. The next step is to allow it to swim and if all is wellit will begin to preen and sort out its feathers putting them back into the right place.

Before a bird can be released back into the wild it must pass the 'waterproofing' test - it must be able to float and keep water away from its body.

Fascinating Facts 4 - Rescuing Wildlife (Cleaning Animals)



Activity 1 - Oil Spill Quiz


Oil - Worksheet 6

How much do you know about oil spills?

Try this quiz:

1. Oil spills are caused by both man and nature.True or False?

2. When oil spills into the sea it floats.True or False?

3. The spreading oil known as an oil slick.True or False?

4. A boom is the loud noise you hear when an oil tanker hits rocks.True or False?

5. Match the following clean up methods to the correct descriptions by drawing a line between the two:

a. Suction skimmer A floating barrier.

b. Dispersing agents Using high or low pressure hoses to remove the oil from the beaches.c. Pressure washing Chemicals that break down the oil into small droplets.

d. Boom Sucks oil and pumps it into storage tanks.

6. You could make use of shovels or road equipment (diggers/scoops) to clean up the oil on a pebbled beach. True or False?

Circle the answer.

Activity 1 - Oil Spill Quiz continued



7. Floating dummies could be used to scare birds away from oily areas. True or False?

8. Treating birds affected by oil has to be carried out in a certain order. Put these steps in the correct order:

a. Check for injuries.b. Flush oil from the eyes and stomach.c. Put the bird in a quiet area.d. Wipe the feathers with absorbent cloths.e. Warm the bird.

9. An oiled bird will need to be washed in detergent only once to get rid of the oil. True or False?

10. Before a bird is released back into the wild it has to pass a flying test.True or False?

Check your answers with the Answer Sheet.

Activity 1 - Oil Spill Quiz Answer Sheet


Oil - Worksheet 7

1. True - Many oil spills are caused by human error, but there are also oil spills caused by nature such as when oil seeps from deposits under the ocean floor.

2. True - Most oils are lighter than water so they float. The lighter the oil the faster it spreads. Heavy crude oil does sink. This means that the sea can be polluted both on the sea bed and the surface.

3. True

4. False -a boom is a floating barrier put around an oil tanker that is leaking oil to contain the oil until it either evaporates or can be removed.

5. a. A suction skimmer sucks oil and pumps it into storage tanks.· b. Dispersing agents are chemicals that break down the oil into small droplets.· c. Pressure washing using high or low pressure hoses to remove the oil from the beaches.· d. A boom is a floating barrier.

6. False - shovels and road equipment can be used on a sandy beach to pick up oil or move oiled sand and gravel to where it can be cleaned by being tumbled about in the waves.

7. True - helium balloons may also be used.

8. The correct order is: - b d a e c.

9. False - a bird may need to be washed three times or more to get rid of the oil.

10. False - the bird must show that it can float and that it is water repellent.

Aims

Materials

Method

Oil Worksheet 8


• To enable pupils to create an oil-spill simulation and observe the characteristics

and effects of an oil spill.

• Copy of Experiment 1 for each pupil.

• A large shallow pan.

• Water.

• Dirty car oil.

• Drinking Straws.

• String.

• A timer.

• A cup of sand.

• Some large pebbles (optional).

NB: All of these items are for each group.

8 Experiment 1 Oil Spill Simulation

• Divide the pupils into small groups and hand out a copy of the experiment to each pupil.

• Discuss the experiment and check the pupil’s understanding.

• Allocate sufficient time for the groups to prepare their recording methods for the observations. NB: If a standard planning sheet for science experiments is

available in your school which allows pupils to determine the aim of the investigation, the factors or variables that could be changed and a method for

recording results, it can be used for this experiment.

• Hand out the equipment. • Pupils set up the equipment and conduct the experiment keeping a record of

their observations.

• Pupils write up their experiment and answer the questions.

• Review the results with the pupils.

Experiment 1 - Oil Spill Simulation

What you will need:

How to find out:


Oil - Worksheet 8

What does an oil spill look like? Try this experiment. Record your observations by keeping track of how the oil spill changes in size and appearance. Read the instructions carefully and make sure that you have everything that you need before starting the experiment.

A large shallow panWaterDirty car oilDrinking strawsStringA timerA cup of sand and some large pebbles (optional)

1. Pour water into the pan so that it is 2/3 filled. Gently pour a small amount of oil into the pan.2. Loop the string around the "oil spill".3. Mark the length of the string, measure it, and record the length on a data table. 4. Wait five minutes, repeat the string measurements and make any observations and record these.5. Repeat steps 2 to 4 for a total of six readings.6. Using the straw, lightly blow on the spill to spread it out; record observations and repeat this every 5 minutes. If your spill covers the entire pan start again.7. Now shake or vibrate the pan to create light wave action - record your observations. (Additional observations could be made by making a "shoreline" of sand and rocks. Note the effects of oil on these materials).

Experiment 1 - Oil Spill Simulation continued

Write up your experiment:



What you usedWhat you didWhat happenedWhat conclusions you came to

Try to answer these questions:

1. Left alone, did the oil spread in an organised way? How did the oil spread?

2. How did you help the spread of the oil? What kinds of conditions were you simulating?

3. What effect did the wave action have on the spill?

Aims

Materials

Method

Oil - Worksheet 9


• To simulate the cleaning of wildlife after an oil spill.

• To devise the most efficient method for cleaning wildlife.

• A copy of Experiment 2 for each pupil.

• Some cuddly toys that will not shrink.

• Vegetable Oil.

• Water.

• Washing up liquid.

• Washing powder or liquid for clothes.

• Carpet cleaner.

• Old towels.

• A hairdryer.

NB: All of these items are for each group

• Discuss with the pupils the after effects of an oil spill for wildlife recapping on the

information provided in Fascinating Fact sheet 4.

• Explain that in this experiment that they are going to simulate cleaning wildlife using

household cleaning materials and cuddly toys.

• Divide the pupils into small groups and hand out the experiment.

• Discuss the experiment and check understanding.

• Allocate sufficient time for groups to organise how they will proceed and prepare

their recording methods for the different cleaning methods. NB: If a standard planning

sheet for science experiments is available in your school which allows pupils to

determine the aim of the investigation, the factors or variables that could be changed

and a method for recording results it can be used for this experiment.

• Hand out the equipment.

• Pupils conduct the experiment keeping a record of their observations.

• Pupils write up their experiment and answer the questions.

9 Experiment 2 Cleaning Wildlife

vegetable

Oil

Experiment 2 - Cleaning Wildlife

You will need:

How to find out:

Write up your experiment:


Oil - Worksheet 9

Following an oil spill there is always a need to rescue wildlife and clean oil from their fur and feathers. How difficult do you think this might be?

Some cuddly toys that will not shrinkVegetable oilWaterWashing up liquidWashing powder or liquid for clothesCarpet cleanerOld towelsHairdryer

1. Put a small amount of vegetable oil on the animals to simulate what happen when wildlife gets covered with oil from a spill.2. Try different ways of cleaning the animals using the different cleaning materials. Record your results including information about the type of cleaning material that you used and how many times it took to wash the oil out of the animal.3. Devise the most efficient way to clean the animals.

What you usedWhat you didWhat happenedWhat conclusions you came to

Aims

Materials

Method

Oil - Worksheet 10


• To demonstrate that oil is lighter than water.

• To simulate what happens when oil and water mix in the sea.

• A copy of Activity 1 for each pupil

• A glass jar with a lid

• A cup

• Vegetable oil

• This activity can either be carried out by the teacher with the whole class or in

small groups. It would also be a suitable homework activity.

• The activity card contains detailed instructions for the pupils. Follow these

instructions if you decide to undertake this with the class as a whole.

• The learning points and comparisons with an oil spill are also provided.

You may choose to reproduce this activity without the additional information

and pose questions for the pupils however, it is important that they are able to

relate what they see in the jar to the mousse produced in an oil spill.

10 Activity 1 Making Mousse

vegetable

Oil

Activity 1 - Making Mousse

You will need:

How to make 'mousse':


Oil - Worksheet 10

The mixture of oil and water following an oil spill is often called 'chocolate mousse'. Here is your opportunity to make 'mousse'.

A glass jar with a lidA cupVegetable oil

1. Fill the glass jar half full of water and then add half a cup of vegetable oil. Screw the lid on tight! Pass the jar around. You can turn it upside down.

No matter how you handle the jar, up or down, the oil always floats on top of the water. This is because the oil is less DENSE than the water.

2. Start shaking the jar - be careful not to drop it.

The oil and water look as if they are mixing together. This is what happens in the sea when the oil and water are mixed up by strong waves or during a storm.

As you shake the jar, if you watch carefully, you'll see that the oil blobs get smaller just as they would do in the sea if the storm lasted for a long time. At the same time, tiny amounts of water fill up the spaces between the oil blobs. This mixture of oil and water is called emulsified oil or MOUSSE.

3. Put the jar down and wait for a few minutes then look at the jar.As soon as you stopped shaking the jar, the oil that was mixed up with the water will begin to separate and float to the top.

The mousse that you make by shaking oil in a jar does not last very long. In a few minutes the oil and water are in separate layers. Usually, once oil that has spilled on the sea has formed a mousse, it also eventually unmixes from the water in the same way but it takes longer.

Aims

Materials

Method

Oil - Worksheet 11


• To illustrate how haphazard and uncontrolled an oil spill can be.

• For pupils to experience organising an "oil spill" clean up.

• For pupils to consider what happens to the "oil" once it is captured.

• A room (use your classroom if you do not object to it being messy during the activity)

• A copy of the pupil review sheet for each pupil.

• One of the following - confetti, polystyrene foam packing bits, or popcorn. • Vacuum cleaner, brooms, shovels and rubbish bags available for the clean up!

• Explain to the pupils that you are going to simulate an oil spill and they are going

to clean it up!

• Fill the room with your chosen material and ask the pupils to think of an ingenious

way, or use a fan to distribute the material all over the room to illustrate how

haphazard and uncontrolled an oil spill can be.

• Divide the pupils into small groups and ask them how the "spill" can be cleaned up

quickly and efficiently. What equipment will they need? How will they organise

the class?

• Allocate sufficient time for each group to discuss and produce their clean up plan.

• Each group presents their idea and the class votes on which one they think is the

most efficient way to clean up the "spill".

• Pupils carry out the clean up following the agreed plan.

• Ask pupils to review the process using the Pupil Review Sheet provided.

• Discuss their answers and ask for their ideas for the safe disposal of the "spill" material.

11 Activity 2 Oil spill clean up Challenge

Activity 2 - Oil Spill Clean-Up Challenge Pupil Review Sheet


Oil - Worksheet 11

Think about the activity and finish the sentences below

The thing I enjoyed about this activity was

_________________________________________________________________________

Something I'll remember about this activity is

_________________________________________________________________________

The way we organised the clean-up meant that

_________________________________________________________________________

One thing that we found difficult was

_________________________________________________________________________

If I could start this activity again I would

_________________________________________________________________________

The three most important things I learned about cleaning up after an oil spill from this activity were

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

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