oil refinery industry

8/4/2019 Oil Refinery Industry

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OIL REFINERY INDUSTRYASSIGNMENT 1

NATASHA BT MOHAMED FADZIL 55201210017

AHMAD NAQIUDDIN BIN ABDUL RAHIM 55201210195

NUR AFIQAH BT MOHD AZHARI 55201210209

SITI NOORFATIN BT ZULKIFLI 55201210332


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STEAM GENERATION

Heater and Boiler Operations

Heater Fuel

The fuel-oil system delivers fuel to process-unit heaters and

steam generators at required temperatures and pressures

Steam Distribution

Most steam used in the refinery is condensed to water in

various types of heat exchangers. The condensate is reused as

boiler feedwater or discharged to wastewater treatment. Steam is also used to drive steam turbine generators to produce

electricity, the steam must be produced at much higher

pressure than required for process steam.


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FEEDWATER

Feedwater supply is an important part

of steam generation. There must always

be as many pounds of water entering

the system as there are pounds of steamleaving it.

Water used in steam generation must be

free of contaminants including minerals

and dissolved impurities that can

damage the system or affect its

operation.


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ELECTRICAL SUPPLY AND

DISTRIBUTION -SYSTEM

Refineries may receive electricity from outside

sources or produce their own power with

generators driven by steam turbines or gasengines.

Electrical substations receive power from the

utility or power plant for distributionthroughout the facility.


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TURBINES

Turbines are usually gas- or steam-

powered and are typically used to

drive pumps, compressors,

blowers, and other refinery process

equipment. Steam enters turbines

at high temperatures and

pressures, expands across anddrives rotating blades while

directed by fixed blades.


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HEAT EXCHANGERS, COOLERS, AND

PROCESS HEATERS

Heating Operations

Process heaters and heat exchangers preheat feedstock in

distillation towers and in refinery processes to reaction

temperatures. Heat exchangers use either steam or hot

hydrocarbon transferred from some other section of the

process for heat input.

Cooling Operations

Heat also may be removed from some processes by air and

water exchangers, fin fans, gas and liquid coolers, and

overhead condensers, or by transferring heat to other

systems.


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COOLING TOWERS.

Cooling towers remove heat from

process water by evaporation and latent

heat transfer between hot water and air.

Cooling Water

Recirculated cooling water must be

treated to remove impurities and

dissolved hydrocarbons. Because the

water is saturated with oxygen from

being cooled with air, the chances for

corrosion are increased.


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TANK STORAGE


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Atmospheric storage tanks and pressure

storage tanks are used throughout the

refinery for storage of crudes, intermediatehydrocarbons (during the process), and

finished products. Tanks are also provided for

fire water, process and treatment water, acids,additives, and other chemicals. The type,

construction, capacity and location of tanks

depends on their use and materials stored.


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FLARE

A flare is a pressure safety relief

device used throughout the

petroleum industry. It is used to

ensure that equipment does not

exceed the limits set for

maintaining the safety and

integrity of a process unit.


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WASTEWATER TREATMENT

Wastewater treatment is used for process,

runoff, and sewerage water prior to discharge

or recycling. Pretreatment Operations

Secondary Treatment Operations

Tertiary Treatment Operations


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PIPELINE


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Process and utility piping distribute

hydrocarbons, steam, water, and

other products throughout the

facility. Their size and construction

depend on the type of service,

pressure, temperature, and nature

of the products. Vent, drain, andsample connections are provided

on piping, as well as provisions for

blanking


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BALLAST WATER


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Were prepared to assist port and harbour

authorities and ships masters, operators and

owners in providing a precautionary approachto the management of ballast water in order

to avoid and minimise the risk of introducing

harmful non-native species and disease-causing micro-organisms.


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SLOP OIL HANDLING SYSTEMS


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Waste products from process

stream spillage, overflow and

controlled collections from on-site

drainage systems. After

consolidating in a drainage sump

the fluids will likely separate, with

inert solid wastes settling at thebottom of the sump along with the

water and oil in the upper portion

of the containment pit


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REFERENCE

Waste & Slop Oil, 2011, Colfax, [Online]. [Accessed 16th August, 2011].

Available from World Wide Web: http://www.colfaxcorp.com/waste-slop oil.

Occupational Safety & Health Administration, [Online]. [Accessed 16th August2011]. Available from World Wide Web:

http://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/otm_iv/otm_iv_2.html
http://www.colfaxcorp.com/waste-slop-oilhttp://www.colfaxcorp.com/waste-slop-oilhttp://www.colfaxcorp.com/waste-slop-oilhttp://www.colfaxcorp.com/waste-slop-oil

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