oil pollution act water law summer 2010 v4
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TRANSCRIPT
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Applied Administrative Law:Oil Spills and Water Law
Neal R. Axton, Information Resources
Summer, 2010
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Roadmap• Sources–eCFR from GPOAccess–Regulations.Gov
• Cyclical Nature of Law• Executive Agencies–CEQ and NEPA Revisied–MMS–Oil Pollution Law–Remediation and Water Pollution
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Free and Current!
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Cyclical Nature of LawCongress
Legislation &Codification
Executive (President)
Veto & Signing Statements
Executive (Agencies)
Regulation &Enforcement
Judiciary
Interpretation &Gap Filling
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Executive Branch DocumentationCongress
Legislation &Codification
Executive (President)
Executive Orders
Executive (Agencies)
Formal & Informal
Rule-Making
Judiciary
Injunctions& Invalidation
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Informal Rule-making Process•Advanced Notice of Proposed Rule-Making •Proposed Rule•Comment Period•Final Rule•Variations on a theme
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Some Other Options
• Second Proposed Rule• Proposed Rule with no Final Rule• Interim Proposed Rule• Interim Final Rule• Executive Orders
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http://bit.ly/qMYiM
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GSA Regulatory Help: Reginfo.Gov
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Oil Spills and Water Law
• Will I be tested over this?
• Administrative procedure
• Administrative policy
• Interface of statutes, regulations,
cases, politics & public policy
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Environmental Impact Statements
The federal Minerals Management Service, which regulates offshore oil and gas production and collects reports on spills as small as a single barrel, was so confident of [deep sea drilling] system that it exempted BP from filing an environmental impact statement for the Macondo operation.
- Peter Coy and Stanley Reed, Lessons from the Spill, Business Week, May 10, 2010, available at http://bit.ly/9jIAIM
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Simple Search
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Filter
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Metadata!
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Federal Register Document Number• Formerly Regulation Identification
Number or RIN• Tracking Iterations of Rule–Proposed Rule–Amended Proposed Rule– Second Proposed Rule– Interim Final Rule– Final Rule
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Searching by FR Number
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Unified Agenda
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Regulatory Agenda
• What do agencies plan to regulate in the next six months• What regulations need updated• Notice • Fair Warning to Counsel
• Back to our story…
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Searching by FR Number
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Preamble – Unique to Federal RegisterNot included in CFR (Only Final Rule)
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NEPA Website
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Proposed Rules
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Proposed Rules Redux
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Categorical Exclusions
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Categorical Exclusions
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Cyclical Nature of LawCongress
Delegate Power to Agency
Executive (President)
Executive Orders
Executive (Agencies)
Implement Congress’ Vision
Judiciary
Ensure Agencies do not exceed
authority
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Problems at MMS Denver Office
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MMS Oil and Gas in Gulf – Criminal Charges
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Cyclical Nature of LawCongress
Delegate Power to Agency
Executive (President)
Executive Orders
Executive (Agencies)
Formal & Informal
Rule-Making
Judiciary
Hold Agencies Accountable
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[N]othing is so local as a drop of water, or so national as what we do with it.
- Representative Sidney R. Yates (D-IL)
111 Cong. Rec. 8674 (1965) (from the House floor debate on the Water Quality Act of 1965).
The Commonwealth
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Long Legislative Interest in Water Safety
• The Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899: 30 Stat. 1151 •Public Health Service Act of
1912: 37 Stat. 309 •Oil Pollution Act of 1924:
43 Stat.604
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Pollution Revisited•Oil Pollution Act of 1961: 75
Stat. 402•Oil Pollution Act
Amendments of 1973: 87 Stat. 424•Oil Pollution Act of 1990: 104
Stat. 484
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Aliases•Oil Pollution Act of 1990•OPA 90•H.R. 1465 (101st Congress)•Pub. L. 101-380•104 Stat. 484•33 U.S.C. 2701 et seq.•33 U.S.C. §§ 2701-61
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Citation Review
• Public Law (Pub. L. or P.L.)• Statutes At Large (Stat.)
• Public Law 101-380, 104 Stat. 484 (1990)• Public Law 101-380 was 380th law adopted
by 101st Congress.• It is published in the Statutes at Large in
Volume 104 on Page 380
• Public Law 101-380 became law in 1990.• Remember that Congresses span two
calendar years.
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Evolution
Why use Statutes at Large versus public law number?
Why use Statutes at Large versus United States Code?
Why not use United States Code Annotated?
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Memes & Memory
• Popular Names • Populist Names
• Oil Pollution Act or OPA
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Hein
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Popular Name on Hein
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Popular Name Table on Westlaw
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Popular Name Table
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Enactments
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Process of Codification
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Law Revision Counsel of House of Representatives
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Westlaw Version of Public Law
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Damages
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Cyclical Nature of LawCongress
Legislation
Executive (President)
Executive Orders
Executive (Agencies)
Formal & Informal
Rule-Making
Judiciary
Construction of the Law
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Remediation &Federal Water Pollution Control Act
• Clean Water Act of 1977, aka CWA–Public Law 95-217 –Codified at 33 USC 1251 et seq.
• CWA amended and strengthened the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, Public Law 80-845, 62 Stat.1155 (1948).
• Legacy of Oil Spill will be polluted waters.
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Clean Water
Everything that man himself injects into the biosphere - chemical, biological or physical - can ultimately find its way into the earth's water. And these contaminants must be removed, by nature or by man, before that water is again potable.
- Charles C. Johnson, Jr., Asst. Surgeon General
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• Water Quality Standards (WQS)• Designated Uses (DU)• Higher use = cleaner water–Drinking, Swimming– Fishing, Farming
• Lower Use = more polluted– Industrial Discharge–Thermal Transfer
1972 CWA Innovations
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Multiple Designated Uses
Source: http://bit.ly/12fdjG
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Cleaning the Water• National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
• Permits Required to Discharge Waste Water– Point Sources • Factory Discharge• Sewage Discharge• Feedlot Discharge• Thermal Discharge
• Exempted by Statute from NPDES– Non-Point Sources • Irrigation• Fertiliser• Herbicide• Insecticide
• Grey Area: Irrigation Return Flows, exempted
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Highlights of CWA
• Section 303 & 307 – EPA defines pollutants– 1972 law gave EPA 90 days to define– EPA missed deadline
• Once pollutants identified, States implement Total Maximum [Waste] Daily Loads
• State TDMLs to be approved by EPA• If not approved, EPA to create TDML – (Section 402 takeover provision)
• No staffing for EPA to set TDMLs
• Role of Citizen Suits & NGOs
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NPDES Proposed Rule’s Preamble - 1978
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Final Rule – NPDES Preamble
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Executive Orders in the Code of Federal Regulations
• Published for current year ONLY• Title 3 of CFR• Historically in Federal Register• Collections of Presidential Papers• My favorite site for Executive Orders: http://www.archives.gov/federal-
register/executive-orders/
or http://bit.ly/1BsbGa
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Browse and Update!
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Currency
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Federal Register
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Updating of Executive Orders at NARA
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Questions or Comments
Neal.Axton at the domain wmitchell.edu
Reference at the domain wmitchell.edu