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OIL INFORMATION: BEYOND 2020 DOCUMENTATION - 1

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

OIL INFORMATION

DOCUMENTATION FOR BEYOND 2020 FILES

OIL INFORMATION: BEYOND 2020 DOCUMENTATION - I.3


TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I: SOURCES AND DEFINITIONS

1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................7

2. Description of the B20/20 Service ......................................................................................................9

3. Recent Data Revisions .........................................................................................................................11

4. Flow Definitions .........................................................................................................................................13

5. Product definitions .................................................................................................................................21

6. Geographical coverage ........................................................................................................................25

7. Country notes ...........................................................................................................................................29

8. Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................................39



PART I

SOURCES AND DEFINITIONS



1. INTRODUCTION

New: A preliminary version of this on-line data service

is being released early and provides data through 2008.

The Oil Information databases contain time series of

oil data for 30 OECD countries from 1960 to 2008.

Country aggregates for OECD Total, OECD North

America, OECD Pacific, OECD Europe, IEA Total

and European Union are also included. Statistics are

available for detailed supply/demand balances end-use

consumption, trade by origin and destination as well

as for stock levels and changes. Annual Oil Statistics

(AOS) contains data in thousand metric tons for crude

oil, NGL, and 17 petroleum products. Some Major

series for oil demand and supply for the world are also

included. This service is available at the end of April

each year.

In July, the OECD files will be updated with revisions

and 2009 data; the world historical demand and

supply series will be updated with 2008 information.

Note that the references to OECD in this publication

include the 30 Member countries: Australia, Austria,

Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,

France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,

Italy, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands,

New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovak Re-

public, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the

United Kingdom and the United States.

Statistics for OECD countries are based on data sub-

missions from national administrations to the

Secretariat. Statistics up to 2008 are from the Annual

Oil Statistics (AOS) database.

Annual oil data are collected by the Energy Statistics

Division (ESD) of the IEA Secretariat, headed by

Mr. Jean-Yves Garnier. Ms. Jung-Ah Kang is currently

responsible for the annual oil data for OECD countries.

Ms. Sharon Burghgraeve contributed her desk-top pub-

lishing and secretarial support. Ms. Mieke Reece has

overall responsibility for this publication.

Enquiries about data or methodology in this publica-

tion should be addressed to:

Ms. Mieke Reece

Energy Statistics Division

International Energy Agency, OECD

9, rue de la Fédération

75739 PARIS Cedex 15

France

Internet: [email protected]



2. DESCRIPTION OF THE B20/20 SERVICE

1) OECD Crude Supply (AOSCRUDE)

Information is provided in the form of supply and

demand balances, presenting indigenous production,

imports, exports, stock changes, and refinery.

2) OECD Product Supply and Consumption

(AOSPROD)

Information is provided in the form of supply and

demand balances, presenting refinery gross output,

recycled products, imports, exports, transfers, stock

changes, international marine bunkers and gross

deliveries. In addition, the table includes data on inland

deliveries by sector: transformation, energy, transport,

industry and other sectors, as well as the non-energy use.

3) OECD Imports (AOSIMPS)

Information on OECD member countries’ imports from

101 origins for 21 products. This includes crude oil,

NGLs, motor gasoline, gas/diesel oil, residual fuel oil

and 15 other refined products.

4) OECD Exports (AOS_EXPS)

Information on OECD member countries’ exports to

94 destinations for 21 products. Included are: crude

oil, NGLs, motor gasoline, gas/diesel oil, residual fuel

oil and 15 other refined products.

5) OECD Conversion Factors (AOSCONV)

This table includes the average conversion factors

from metric tons to barrels, for the OECD countries

and for 22 products.

6) World Oil Statistics (AOSWORLD)

Information is provided on crude oil and NGL

production, refinery output, trade and oil demand for

the World. This will be updated with

revisions and 2009 data in July.



3. RECENT DATA REVISIONS

The IEA Secretariat finalised processing the latest

submissions of energy statistics from OECD Member

countries on 31 March 2010 (covering the period

1960 - 2008). These data will be subsequently pub-

lished in IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD

Countries –2010 Edition and in IEA/OECD Energy

Balances of OECD Countries 2010 Edition.

Oil supply and demand data for all OECD countries

are available for years 1971-2008.

In addition, supply and demand data are available for

years 1960-1970, with the following exceptions:

Czech Republic 1971 onwards

Hungary 1965 onwards

Korea 1970 onwards

Mexico 1971 onwards

Slovak Republic 1971 onwards

As a result, regional totals will not be calculated for

years 1960-1970, inclusive.

OECD Data



4. FLOW DEFINITIONS

Supply and Consumption

Flow Short name Definition

Refinery Gross

Output

REFGROUT This is the production of finished products at a refinery or blending

plant. This category excludes refinery losses, but includes refinery

fuel.

Inputs of Recycled

products

RECYCLED These are finished products which are returned through the refining

and/or the marketing network after delivery to final consumers (for

example used lubricants which are reprocessed).

Imports IMPORTS Comprise amounts having crossed the national territorial boundaries

of the country whether or not customs clearance has taken place.

Quantities of crude oil and oil products imported under processing

agreements (i.e. refining on account) are included. Quantities of oil in

transit are excluded. Crude oil, NGL and natural gas are reported as com-

ing from the country of origin; refinery feedstocks and oil products

are reported as coming from the country of last consignment.

Exports EXPORTS Comprise amounts having crossed the national territorial boundaries

of the country whether or not customs clearance has taken place.

Quantities of crude oil and oil products exported under processing

agreements (i.e. refining on account) are included. Re-exports of oil

imported for processing within bonded areas are shown as an export of

product from the processing country to the final destination.

International Marine

Bunkers

BUNKERS Bunkers cover the quantities of fuels delivered to sea-going ships of

all flags, including warships. Consumption by ships engaged in trans-

port in inland and coastal waters is not included (see Transport

Sector, below).

Transfers TRANSFERS These are finished products which have been reclassified and re-

entered for use in a refinery without having been delivered to final

consumers. This heading also covers transfers between products

which are reclassified after blending, for example transfers between

kerosene type jet fuel and kerosene.

I.14 - OIL INFORMATION: BEYOND 2020 DOCUMENTATION



Flow Flow Flow

Stock Changes STOCKCHA Stock changes reflect the difference between opening stock level at

the first day of the year and closing stock level at the last day of the

year of stocks held on national territory. A stock build is shown as a

negative number and a stock draw as a positive number.

Statistical Differ-

ences

STATDIFF National administrations sometimes obtain the data components of

domestic availability from a variety of sources. Owing to differences

in concepts, coverage, timing and definitions, observed and calculated

consumption are often not identical. This is reflected in statistical dif-

ferences.

Inland Demand (To-

tal Consumption)

TOTCONS This is the gross observed inland consumption (including refinery

consumption for oil), before the deduction of amounts returned by the

petrochemical industry (backflow).

Transformation

Sector

TOTTRANF This sector comprises fuel inputs to both public and private electric-

ity, combined heat and power plants and heat plants. An autoproducer

is an industrial establishment which, in addition to its main activities,

generates electricity, wholly or partly for its own use. It includes rail-

way's own production of electricity. Heat plants and combined heat

and power plants only cover fuel inputs for that part of the heat which

is sold to a third party. Transformation sector also comprises fuels

used as feedstocks in gas works, coke ovens, blast furnaces and the

petrochemical industry.

Main Activity

Producer Electricity

Plants

MAINELEC Includes inputs of oil for the production of electricity in electricity

plants whose primary purpose is to produce, transmit or distribute

electricity.

Autoproducer

Electricity Plants

AUTOELEC Includes inputs of oil for the production of electricity by an enterprise

which, in addition to its main activities, generates electricity wholly or

partly for its own use, e.g. industrial establishments, railways, refiner-

ies, etc.

Main Activity

Producer CHP Plants

MAINCHP Refers to plants which are designed to produce both heat and electric-

ity (sometimes referred to as co-generation power stations). If

possible, fuel inputs and electricity/heat outputs are on a unit basis

rather than on a plant basis. However, if data are not available on a

unit basis, the convention for defining a CHP plant noted above

should be adopted. Main activity producers (formerly referred to as

public supply undertakings) generate electricity and/or heat for sale to

third parties, as their primary activity. They may be privately or pub-

licly owned. Note that the sale need not take place through the public

grid.




Flow Flow Flow

Autoproducer CHP

Plants

AUTOCHP Refers to plants which are designed to produce both heat and electric-

ity (sometimes referred to as co-generation power stations). If

possible, fuel inputs and electricity/heat outputs are on a unit basis

rather than on a plant basis. However, if data are not available on a

unit basis, the convention for defining a CHP plant noted above

should be adopted. Note that for autoproducer CHP plants, all fuel

inputs to electricity production are taken into account, while only the

part of fuel inputs to heat sold is shown. Fuel inputs for the production

of heat consumed within the autoproducer's establishment are not in-

cluded here but are included with figures for the final consumption of

fuels in the appropriate consuming sector. Autoproducer undertakings

generate electricity and/or heat, wholly or partly for their own use as

an activity which supports their primary activity. They may be pri-

vately or publicly owned.

Main Activity

Producer Heat Plants

MAINHEAT Refers to plants (including heat pumps and electric boilers) designed

to produce heat only and who sell heat to a third party (e.g. residen-

tial, commercial or industrial consumers) under the provisions of a

contract. Main activity producers (formerly referred to as public sup-

ply undertakings) generate heat for sale to third parties, as their

primary activity. They may be privately or publicly owned. Note that

the sale need not take place through the public grid.

Autoproducer Heat

Plants

AUTOHEAT Refers to plants (including heat pumps and electric boilers) designed

to produce heat only and who sell heat to a third party (e.g. residen-

tial, commercial or industrial consumers) under the provisions of a

contract. Autoproducer undertakings generate heat, wholly or partly

for their own use as an activity which supports their primary activity.

They may be privately or publicly owned.

Gas Works TGASWKS Includes the manufacture of town gas.

For Blended Natural

Gas

TBLENDGAS Includes other gases that are blended with natural gas.

Coke Ovens TCOKEOVS Includes the manufacture of coke and coke oven gas.




Flow Flow Flow

Blast Furnaces TBLASTFUR Includes the production of town gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel

furnace gas. The production of pig-iron from iron ore in blast furnaces

uses fuels for supporting the blast furnace charge and providing heat and

carbon for the reduction of the iron ore. Accounting for the calorific con-

tent of the fuels entering the process is a complex matter as

transformation (into blast furnace gas) and consumption (heat of combus-

tion) occur simultaneously. Some carbon is also retained in the pig-iron;

almost all of this reappears later in the oxygen steel furnace gas (or con-

verter gas) when the pig-iron is converted to steel. In the 1992/1993

annual questionnaires, Member Countries were asked for the first time to

report in the transformation sector the quantities of all fuels (e.g. pulver-

ised coal injection [PCI] coal, coke oven coke, natural gas and oil)

entering blast furnaces and the quantity of blast furnace gas and oxygen

steel furnace gas produced. The Secretariat then needed to split these in-

puts into the transformation and consumption components. The

transformation component is shown in the row blast furnaces/gas works

in the column appropriate for the fuel, and the consumption component is

shown in the row iron and steel, in the column appropriate for the fuel.

The Secretariat decided to assume transformation efficiency such that the

carbon input into the blast furnaces should equal the carbon output. This

is roughly equivalent to assuming an energy transformation efficiency of

40%.

Petrochemical

Industry

TPETCHEM Includes quantities of backflows returned from the petrochemical sec-

tor, whether returned to refineries for further processing/blending or

used directly. It refers to oil products only.

Patent Fuel Plants TPATFUEL Includes the manufacture of patent fuels.

Non-specified

(Transformation)

TNONSPEC Includes other non-specified transformation.

Energy Sector TOTENGY Fuels used by energy industries for heating purposes and for operation

of their equipment are reported under this heading as well as trans-

formation and distribution losses. It includes coal mining and oil and

gas extraction (all activities involved in making oil and gas market-

able up to the point of shipment from the producing area) as well as

transformation industries such as electricity generating plants, gas

works, coke ovens, and petroleum refineries (refinery fuels).

Coal Mines EMINES Represents the energy which is used directly within the coal industry for

hard coal and lignite mining. It excludes coal burned in pithead power

stations (included under electricity plants in the transformation sector)

and free allocations to miners and their families (considered as part of

household consumption and therefore included under residential).

Oil and Gas

Extraction

EOILGASEX Represents the energy which is used for oil and gas extraction. Flared

gas is not included.

Refinery Fuel REFFUEL Includes oil consumed in refineries for the operation of equipment,

heating and light.




Flow Flow Flow

Coke Ovens ECOKEOVS Represents the energy used in coke ovens.

Blast Furnaces EBLASTFUR Represents the energy which is used in blast furnaces.

Gas Works EGASWKS Represents the energy which is used in gas works.

Own Use in

Electricity, CHP and

Heat Plants

EPOWERPLT Represents the energy used in main activity producer electricity, CHP

and heat plants.

Non-specified

(Energy)

ENONSPEC Represents use in non-specified energy sector.

Distribution Losses DISTLOSS Losses in gas distribution, electricity transmission and coal transport.

Total Final Consumption

FINCONS This is the sum of consumption by the different end-use sectors.

Backflows from the petrochemical industry are not included in final

consumption.

Industry Sector TOTIND Consumption of the industry sector is specified in the following sub-sectors (energy used for transport by industry is not included here but is reported under transport):

Iron and Steel IRONSTL [ISIC Group 241 and Class 2431]

Chemical and Petrochemical

CHEMICAL [ISIC Division 20 and 21]

Non-Ferrous Metals NONFERR [ISIC Group 242 and Class 2432] Basic industries.

Non-Metallic Minerals

NONMET [ISIC Division 23] Such as glass, ceramic, cement, etc.

Transport Equipment TRANSEQ [ISIC Divisions 29 and 30]

Machinery MACHINE [ISIC Divisions 25, 26, 27 and 28] Fabricated metal products, ma-chinery and equipment other than transport equipment.

Mining and Quarrying

MINING [ISIC Divisions 07 and 08 and Group 099] Mining (excluding fuels) and quarrying.

Food and Tobacco FOODPRO [ISIC Divisions 10,11 and 12]

Paper, Pulp and Print PAPERPRO [ISIC Divisions 17 and 18]

Wood and Wood Products

WOODPRO [ISIC Division 16] Wood and wood products other than pulp and pa-per.

Construction CONSTRUC [ISIC Division 41,42 and 43]





Textile and Leather TEXTILES [ISIC Divisions 13, 14 and 15]

Non-specified (Industry)

INONSPEC [ISIC Divisions 22, 31 and 32] Any manufacturing industry not in-cluded above. Note: Most countries have difficulties supplying an industrial breakdown for all fuels. In these cases, the non-specified industry row has been used. Regional aggregates of industrial con-sumption should therefore be used with caution.

Transport Sector TOTTRANS This sector covers oil products to all transport activities regardless of

sector.

International Aviation INTLAIR Includes deliveries of aviation fuels to aircraft for international avia-

tion. Fuels used by airlines for their road vehicles are excluded. The

domestic/international split should be determined on the basis of de-

parture and landing locations and not by the nationality of the

airline. For many countries this incorrectly excludes fuel used by

domestically owned carriers for their international departures.

Domestic Aviation DOMESAIR Includes deliveries of aviation fuels to aircraft for domestic aviation - commercial, private, agricultural, etc. It includes use for purposes other than flying, e.g. bench testing of engines, but not airline use of fuel for road transport. The domestic/international split should be determined on the basis of departure and landing locations and not by the nationality of the airline. Note that this may include journeys of considerable length between two airports in a country (e.g. San Francisco to Honolulu). For many countries this incorrectly includes fuel used by domestically owned carriers for outbound international traffic;

Road ROAD Includes fuels used in road vehicles as well as agricultural and in-dustrial highway use. Excludes military consumption as well as motor gasoline used in stationary engines and diesel oil for use in tractors that are not for highway use;

Rail RAIL Includes quantities used in rail traffic, including industrial railways;

Pipeline Transport PIPELINE Includes energy used in the support and operation of pipelines trans-porting gases, liquids, slurries and other commodities, including the energy used for pump stations and maintenance of the pipeline. En-ergy for the pipeline distribution of natural or manufactured gas, hot water or steam (ISIC Division 35) from the distributor to final users is excluded and should be reported in the energy sector, while the energy used for the final distribution of water (ISIC Division 36) to household, industrial, commercial and other users should be in-cluded in commercial/public services. Losses occurring during the transport between distributor and final users should be reported as distribution losses;





Domestic Navigation DOMESNAV Includes fuels delivered to vessels of all flags not engaged in inter-national navigation (see international marine bunkers). The domestic/international split should be determined on the basis of port of departure and port of arrival and not by the flag or nationality of the ship. Note that this may include journeys of considerable length between two ports in a country (e.g. San Francisco to Hono-lulu). Fuel used for ocean, coastal and inland fishing and military consumption are excluded;

Non-specified (Transport)

TRNONSPE Includes all transport not elsewhere specified. Note: International marine bunkers are shown in Supply and are not included in the transport sector as part of final consumption.

Other Sectors TOTOTHER Includes residential, commercial/public services, agriculture/forestry, fishing and non-specified (other).

Residential RESIDENT Includes consumption by households, excluding fuels used for trans-port. Includes households with employed persons [ISIC Division 97 and 98] which is a small part of total residential consumption.

Commercial and Public Services

COMMPUB [ISIC Divisions 33, 36-39, 45-47, 52-53, 55-56,58-66,68-75, 77-82, 84-96 and 99(excluding Class 8422), 85-88, 90-96 and 99]

Agriculture/Forestry AGRICULT Includes deliveries to users classified as agriculture, hunting and forestry by the ISIC, and therefore includes energy consumed by such users whether for traction (excluding agricultural highway use), power or heating (agricultural and domestic) [ISIC Divisions 01 and 02].

Fishing FISHING Includes fuels used for inland, coastal and deep-sea fishing. Fishing covers fuels delivered to ships of all flags that have refuelled in the country (including international fishing) as well as energy used in the fishing industry [ISIC Division 03].

Non-specified (Other) ONONSPEC Includes all fuel use not elsewhere specified as well as consumption in the above-designated categories for which separate figures have not been provided. Military fuel use for all mobile and stationary consumption is included here (e.g. ships, aircraft, road and energy used in living quarters) regardless of whether the fuel delivered is for the military of that country or for the military of another country.

Memo: Non-Energy Use

NONENUSE This is the total of Chem./petchem. feedstocks and Other, below.

Memo: Non-energy use Chemical/Petrochemical

NECHEM Concerns feedstocks for non-energy use in the chemical and petro-chemical industry.

Memo: Other Non-Energy Use

OTHERNE Petroleum products used for non-energy purposes in all other sec-tors. This is usually the case for all consumption of lubricants, bitumen, white spirit and paraffin waxes. Petroleum coke is shown as non-energy use only when there is evidence of such use (for ex-ample in non-ferrous metals industry sector).

Closing Stock Level (National Territory)

CSNATTER Refer to closing stock levels, at the last day of the year, of stocks

held on national territory (including government controlled stocks).



OECD Crude Supply


Indigenous Production INDPROD This includes all production within national boundaries, including

offshore production. Production includes only marketable production,

and excludes volumes returned to formation.

From Other Sources OSOURCES Refers supplies of additives, biofuels and Other hydrocarbons, the

production of which has already been covered in other fuel balances.

Backflows BACKFLOW Backflows cover cracking residues and other products from the

chemical and petrochemical industries, which are returned to refiner-

ies and used as feedstocks. Transfers from one refinery to another

within the country are not included.

Products Transferred PTRANSF These are imported products which are reclassified as feedstocks for

further processing in the refinery, without delivery to final consum-

ers.

Imports IMPORTS See the definition under “Supply and Consumption”

Exports EXPORTS See the definition under “Supply and Consumption”

Statistical Differences STATDIFF See the definition under “Supply and Consumption”

Refinery Intake REFINOBS See the definition under “Supply and Consumption”

Refinery Losses REFLOSS Refers the difference between Refinery intake (observed) and Gross

Refinery Output.

Closing Stock Level

(National Territory)

CSNATTER See the definition under “Supply and Consumption”



5. PRODUCT DEFINITIONS

Oil Products

Product Short name Definition

Crude Oil CRUDEOIL Crude oil is a mineral oil of natural origin comprising a mixture of

hydrocarbons and associated impurities, such as sulphur. It exists

in the liquid phase under normal surface temperature and pressure

and its physical characteristics (density, viscosity, etc.) are highly

variable. This category includes field or lease condensate recov-

ered from associated and non-associated gas where it is

commingled with the commercial crude oil stream.

Natural Gas Liquids NGL NGL are liquid or liquefied hydrocarbons recovered from natural

gas in separation facilities or gas processing plants. Natural gas

liquids include ethane, propane, butane (normal and iso-), (iso)

pentane and pentanes plus (sometimes referred to as natural gaso-

line or plant condensate).

Refinery Feedstocks REFFEEDS A refinery feedstock is a processed oil destined for further proc-

essing (e.g. straight run fuel oil or vacuum gas oil) other than

blending in the refining industry. It is transformed into one or

more components and/or finished products. This definition cov-

ers those finished products imported for refinery intake and those

returned from the petrochemical industry to the refining industry.

Additives/Blending

Components

ADDITIVE Additives are non-hydrocarbon substances added to or blended

with a product to modify its properties, for example, to improve

its combustion characteristics. Alcohols and ethers (MTBE,

methyl tertiary-butyl ether) and chemical alloys such as tetraethyl

lead are included here. The biomass fractions of biogasoline, bio-

diesel and ethanol are not included here, but under liquid biomass.

This differs from the presentation of additives in the Oil Informa-tion publication.

Other Hydrocarbons NONCRUDE Other hydrocarbons, including emulsified oils (e.g. orimulsion),

synthetic crude oil, mineral oils extracted from bituminous miner-

als such as oil shale, bituminous sand, etc. and liquids from coal

liquefaction, are included here.



Oil Products

Petroleum products are any oil-based products which can be obtained by distillation and are normally used outside

the refining industry. The exceptions to this are those finished products which are classified as refinery feedstocks.


Refinery Gas REFINGAS Refinery gas includes a mixture of non-condensable gases mainly

consisting of hydrogen, methane, ethane and olefins obtained during

distillation of crude oil or treatment of oil products (e.g. cracking) in

refineries. This also includes gases which are returned from the pet-

rochemical industry.

Ethane ETHANE A naturally gaseous straight-chain hydrocarbon (C2H6), extracted

from natural gas and refinery gas streams.

Liquefied Petroleum

Gases

LPG LPG is light saturated paraffinic hydrocarbons derived from the re-

finery processes, crude oil stabilisation and natural gas processing

plants. They consist mainly of propane (C3H8) and butane (C4Hl0) or

a combination of the two. They are normally liquefied under pres-

sure for transportation and storage.

Motor Gasoline MOTORGAS Motor gasoline consists of a mixture of light hydrocarbons distilling

between 35oC and 215

oC. It is used as a fuel for land based spark

ignition engines. Motor gasoline may include additives, oxygenates

and octane enhancers, including lead compounds such as TEL (tetra-

ethyl lead) and TML (tetramethyl lead).

This category includes motor gasoline blending components (exclud-

ing additives/oxygenates), e.g. alkylates, isomerate, reformate,

cracked gasoline destined for use as finished motor gasoline.

Of which :

Biogasoline

BIOGASOL Biogasoline includes bioethanol (ethanol produced from biomass

and/or the biodegradable fraction of waste), biomethanol (methanol

produced from biomass and/or the biodegradable fraction of waste),

bioETBE (ethyl-tertio-butyl-ether produced on the basis of bioetha-

nol; the percentage by volume of bioETBE that is calculated as

biofuel is 47%) and bioMTBE (methyl-tertio-butyl-ether produced

on the basis of biomethanol: the percentage by volume of bioMTBE

that is calculated as biofuel is 36%).

Aviation Gasoline AVGAS This is motor spirit prepared especially for aviation piston engines,

with an octane number suited to the engine, a freezing point of

−60oC and a distillation range usually within the limits of 30

oC and

180oC.

Gasoline Type Jet

Fuel

JETGAS This includes all light hydrocarbon oils for use in aviation turbine

power units, distilling between 100oC and 250

oC. They are obtained

by blending kerosenes and gasoline or naphthas in such a way that

the aromatic content does not exceed 25% in volume, and the vapour

pressure is between 13.7kPa and 20.6kPa.



Oil Products




Kerosene Type Jet

Fuel

JETKERO This is a distillate used for aviation turbine power units. It has the

same distillation characteristics between 150oC and 300

oC (generally

not above 250oC) and flash point as kerosene. In addition, it has

particular specifications (such as freezing point) which are estab-

lished by the International Air Transport Association (IATA).

Other Kerosene OTHKERO Kerosene comprises refined petroleum distillate and is used in sec-

tors other than aircraft transport. It distils between 150oC and 300

oC.

Gas/Diesel Oil GASDIES Gas/diesel oil is primarily a medium distillate distilling between

180ºC and 380ºC. Several grades are available depending on uses:

diesel oil for diesel compression ignition (cars, trucks, marine, etc.);

light heating oil for industrial and commercial uses; other gas oil

including heavy gas oils which distil between 380oC and 540

oC and

which are used as petrochemical feedstocks.

Of which: Biodiesels BIODIESEL Biodiesels includes biodiesel (a methyl-ester produced from vegeta-

ble or animal oil, of diesel quality), biodimethylether (dimethylether

produced from biomass), Fischer Tropsh (Fischer Tropsh produced

from biomass), cold pressed bio-oil (oil produced from oil seed

through mechanical processing only) and all other liquid biofuels

which are added to, blended with or used straight as transport diesel.

Heavy Fuel Oil RESFUEL This covers all residual (heavy) fuel oils (including those obtained

by blending). Kinematic viscosity is above 10 cSt at 80ºC. The flash

point is always above 50oC and density is always more than

0.90 kg/l.

- Low-sulphur content: Heavy fuel oil with sulphur content lower

than 1%.

- High-sulphur content: Heavy fuel oil with sulphur content of 1%

or higher.

Naphtha NAPHTHA Naphtha is a feedstock destined for the petrochemical industry (e.g.

ethylene manufacture or aromatics production). Naphtha comprises

material in the 30oC and 2l0

oC distillation range or part of this range.

White Spirit & SBP WHITESP White Spirit and SBP are defined as refined distillate intermediates

with a distillation in the naphtha/kerosene range. They are sub-

divided as:

i. Industrial Spirit (SBP): Light oils distilling between 30oC and

200oC. There are 7 or 8 grades of industrial spirit, depending on

the position of the cut in the distillation range. The grades are de-

fined according to the temperature difference between the 5%

volume and 90% volume distillation points (which is not more

than 60oC).

ii. White Spirit: Industrial spirit with a flash point above 30oC. The

distillation range of white spirit is 135oC to 200

oC.



Oil Products




Lubricants LUBRIC Lubricants are hydrocarbons produced from distillate or residue;

they are mainly used to reduce friction between bearing surfaces.

This category includes all finished grades of lubricating oil, from

spindle oil to cylinder oil, and those used in greases, including motor

oils and all grades of lubricating oil-based stocks.

Bitumen BITUMEN Bitumen is a solid, semi-solid or viscous hydrocarbon with a colloi-

dal structure, being brown to black in colour, obtained as a residue in

the distillation of crude oil, by vacuum distillation of oil residues

from atmospheric distillation. Bitumen is often referred to as asphalt

and is primarily used for construction of roads and for roofing mate-

rial. This category includes fluidized and cut-back bitumen.

Paraffin Waxes PARWAX These are saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons. These waxes are residues extracted when dewaxing lubricant oils. They have a crystalline structure which is more-or-less fine according to the grade. Their main characteristics are as follows: they are colourless, odourless and translucent, with a melting point above 45

oC.

Petroleum Coke PETCOKE Petroleum coke is a black solid residue, obtained mainly by cracking

and carbonising residue feedstock, tar and pitches in processes such

as delayed coking or fluid coking. It consists mainly of carbon (90 to

95%) and has a low ash content. It is used as a feedstock in coke

ovens for the steel industry, for heating purposes, for electrode

manufacture and for production of chemicals. The two most impor-

tant qualities are “green coke” and “calcinated coke.” This category

also includes “catalyst coke” deposited on the catalyst during refin-

ing processes; this coke is not recoverable and is usually burned as

refinery fuel.

Other Products ONONSPEC All products not specifically mentioned above, for example: tar and sulphur. This category also includes aromatics (e.g. BTX or benzene, toluene and xylene) and olefins (e.g. propylene) produced within re-fineries.



6. GEOGRAPHICAL COVERAGE

Countries and Regions

Country/Region Short name Definition

Australia AUSTRALI Excludes the overseas territories.

Austria AUSTRIA

Belgium BELGIUM

Canada CANADA

Czech Republic CZECH

Denmark DENMARK Excludes Greenland and the Danish Faroes, except prior to 1990,

where data on oil for Greenland were included with the Danish sta-

tistics. The Administration is planning to revise the series back to

1974 to exclude these amounts.

Finland FINLAND

France FRANCE Includes Monaco. It excludes Andorra and the overseas territories

Guadeloupe, Martinique, French Guyana, Reunion, St.-Pierre and

Miquelon, New Caledonia, French Polynesia, Wallis and Futuna,

Mayotte.

Germany GERMANY Includes the new federal states of Germany from 1970 onwards.

Greece GREECE

Hungary HUNGARY

Iceland ICELAND

Ireland IRELAND

Italy ITALY Includes San Marino and the Vatican.

Japan JAPAN Includes Okinawa.

Korea KOREA

Luxembourg LUXEMBOU

Mexico MEXICO

Netherlands NETHLAND Excludes Suriname and the Netherlands Antilles.





New Zealand NZ

Norway NORWAY

Poland POLAND

Portugal PORTUGAL Includes the Azores and Madeira.

Slovak Republic SLOVAKIA

Spain SPAIN Includes the Canary Islands.

Sweden SWEDEN

Switzerland SWITLAND Does not include Liechtenstein.

Turkey TURKEY

United Kingdom UK Includes Jersey, Guernsey and the Isle of Mann.

United States USA Includes the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Oil statistics as

well as coal trade statistics also include Puerto Rico, Guam, the U.S.

Virgin Islands, American Samoa, Johnston Atoll, Midway Islands,

Wake Island and the Northern Mariana Islands.

OECD Total OECDTOT Includes Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, the Czech Republic,

Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,

Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands,

New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, the Slovak Republic, Spain,

Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United

States.

OECD North

America

OECDNAM Includes Canada, Mexico and the United States.

OECD Pacific OECDPAC Includes Australia, Israel, Japan, Korea and New Zealand.

OECD Europe OECDEUR Includes Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,

France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,

Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, the Slovak

Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United

Kingdom.

IEA IEATOT Comprises OECD countries except Iceland and Mexico.





Non-OECD Europe NONOECDEUR Comprises Albania, Bulgaria, Cyprus1, Gibraltar, Malta, Romania,

and Former Yugoslavia.

Former Yugoslavia Comprises Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Former Yugoslav Repub-lic of Macedonia, Serbia

2 and Montenegro, and Slovenia.

Former Soviet

Union

FORMERUSSR Comprises Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Ka-zakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russian Federation, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan.

OPEC Comprises Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emir-ates and Venezuela.

China CHINA Includes People’s Republic of China and Hong Kong, China.

1. Note by Turkey:

With respect to the Cyprus question, Turkey reserves its position as stated in its declaration of 1 May 2004. The information in the report under the heading Cyprus relates to the southern part of the Island. There is no single authority representing both Turkish and Greek Cypriot people on the Island. Turkey recog-nises the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC).

Note by all the European Union Member States of the OECD and the European Commission:

The Republic of Cyprus is recognised by all members of the United Nations with the exception of Turkey. The information in this report relates to the area under the effective control of the Government of the Republic of Cyprus.

2. Data for Serbia include Montenegro until 2004 and Kosovo until 1999.



7. COUNTRY NOTES



Please note that as a result of revisions, data in Oil Information may differ from those published earlier in

Energy Statistics of OECD Countries and Energy

Balances of OECD Countries.

ase note that as a result of revisions, data in Oil In-formation may differ from those published earlier in

Energy Statistics of OECD Countries and Energy Balances of OECD Countries.

All data: All data refer to fiscal years which run from

1 July to 30 June (e.g. 2009 = 1 July 2008 to

30 June 2009).

Negative refinery losses are due to differences in

treatment of transfers between refineries.

Data after 1973 are based on national surveys. Prior to

1973, there are no detailed data available for autopro-

ducers and for sub-sector industry consumption.

The large drop in industry consumption in 1982-83 is

due to the restructuring of the iron and steel industry,

the economic recession and one of the worst droughts

in history.

Crude oil: The drop in the production in 1999 is due

to a gas explosion at Longford plant. There is a

break in series for crude oil and NGL production

between 2001 and 2002.

NGL: Prior to 1992, part of the NGL production is

included in crude oil.

Refinery gas: Prior to 1974, refinery gas is reported

net of consumption in refineries.

LPG, ethane: LPG includes ethane prior to 1991.

Lubricants, white spirit, paraffin waxes: Consump-

tion of lubricants, white spirit/SBP and paraffin waxes

is reported as non-specified industry consumption, as

no further breakdown is available.

Fuel oil: Imports of fuel oil are estimated by the

Australian administration.

There is a break in series for consumption data be-

tween 2001 and 2002, due to a change in data

collection and estimation methodology.

There are breaks in stock levels between 1989

and 1990.

The industry breakdown is based on a new survey

from 1999 onwards.

Gas/diesel oil: For 1978 and 1979, industry consump-

tion of gas/diesel oil is included with fuel oil.

Other products: As of 1978, "other products" include

paraffin waxes and petroleum coke. Prior to 1990,

they include also naphtha.

Lubricants: Before 1990 consumption of lubricants is

reported in the road sector as no further breakdown is

available.

Data for non-metallic minerals, machinery, min-

ing/quarrying, food/beverages, tobacco, pulp/paper/

printing and construction are not available prior to

1971.

Inputs to electricity and CHP plants have been esti-

mated by the Secretariat from year 1974, based on

inputs reported in the Annual Electricity Questionnaire.

The new reporting system started from 2008.

Refinery feedstocks: The decrease of products trans-

ferred in 1995 was due to refinery maintenance of one

month.



LPG, gas/diesel oil: LPG and gas/diesel oil consump-

tion in the commercial/public services sector is

included with the residential sector prior to 1976.

Fuel oil: The break in series for fuel oil between 1975

and 1976 is due to a change in classification between

the industry and "other". The decrease in industry

consumption since 1993 is due to the introduction of

an excise tax as well as the increased use of natural

gas.

Other products, petroleum coke: The break in series

between 1999 and 2000 is due to improvements in the

collection system.

Other hydrocarbons: Indigenous production of other

hydrocarbons represents synthetic crude oil produced

from tar sands. Prior to 1990, hydrogen used for the

upgrading of synthetic crude oil from “other sources”

was included in the natural gas supply. From 1990, a

Australia

Austria

Belgium

Canada



different methodology was adopted by the Canadian

Administration and these amounts now are now

shown in other hydrocarbons (part of crude oil).

Canada imported orimulsion from Venezuela from

1994 to 2000.

International marine bunkers are included with inland

waterways prior to 1978.


Ethane is mainly used as petrochemical feedstock.

Kerosene, gas/diesel oil, fuel oil: Several breaks in

series exist for detailed industrial consumption prior

to 1980. From 1980, all consumption data are based

on one survey. However, from 1988 onwards, data for

transport equipment, machinery, food, and textiles are

not available as Statistics Canada has ceased the col-

lection of these data. Separate consumption data for

agriculture (including forestry) are available from

1983 for kerosene, from 1973 for gas/diesel oil and

from 1978 for fuel oil. For previous years, agriculture

consumption is included with residential.

Gas/diesel oil: As of 1982, gas/diesel oil consumed by

fleets in the wholesale/retail service industry is re-

ported in the commerce/public services sector. Prior

to 1982, it was included in the road sector.

Gasoline type jet fuel: Prior to 1979, gasoline type jet

fuel is included with kerosene type jet fuel.

Naphtha, other products: Recycled products for

naphtha and “other products” include purchases of

feedstock and other additives from non-reporting

companies.

Data are available starting in 1971.

Stock data are available starting in data year 2009.

Prior to year 2009, the Chilean administration can

only provide data for stock change.

Due to Chilean administration’s changes in account-

ing, breaks in series exist between 2008 and 2009

data.


Consumption data prior to 1994 are estimated by the

Secretariat. The Czech Administration submitted offi-

cial data from 1994 onwards.

Gas/Diesel Oil: From 1999 the Czech Administration

has implemented a new updating system. It entails

breaks in series for the final consumption.

Fuel oil, other products: From 2002 onwards, some

amounts of fuel oil have been reclassified under other

products. This change mainly affects the transforma-

tion processes.

From 1990 onwards, Greenland and Faroe Island

are not included in oil data.

Other hydrocarbons: Orimulsion imports and inputs

to electricity generation begin in 1995. Orimulsion

import stopped in 2002.



Gas/diesel oil, fuel oil: Prior to 1990, gas/diesel oil

and fuel oil used for fishing is included in the inland

waterways sector, while after this date it is reported in

the agriculture sector.

Fuel oil: From 1974 to 1979, consumption of fuel oil

for the CHP production by autoproducers has been

estimated. The marked increase in inputs to CHP pro-

duction in 1994 is due to increased electricity exports

to Norway.

All oil consumption in the commercial/public services sector is included in residential prior to 1976 except fuel oil which is shown separately in 1975.

Paraffin waxes: As of 1987, separate data on paraffin waxes are no longer available.

Gasoline type jet fuel: Consumption of gasoline type jet fuel ceased in 1988. From 1989 onwards, only kerosene type jet fuel is consumed.

Other products: Information on recycling and end-use

consumption begins in 1989, and refers to waste oil.

Data for end-use consumption may vary from year to year due to a detailed survey which is sent to compa-nies in Denmark every other year. For non-survey years, the consumption by end-use is estimated by the Danish Energy Agency.

Due to better survey methods, inputs to electricity and heat generation are reclassified as of 1994. There is therefore a break in series between 1993 and 1994. The oil inputs used in industrial sub-sectors for pro-ducing surplus of heat, which is delivered to district

Chile

Czech Republic

Denmark



heating networks, are allocated to these industrial sub-

sectors.

Detail in industry for 1994 and 1995 is based on a

new survey.

Data for Estonia are available starting in 1990.

Prior to that, they are included in Former Soviet Un-

ion.

For the years 1990 to 2007, oil data are based on di-

rect communication with Statistics Estonia and UN

ECE.

Fuel oil: There is a break in other between 1998 and 1999 due to a new calculation model.

Petroleum coke: Data on petroleum coke are only available from 1985 onwards.

Before 2002, petroleum coke used as refinery fuel was included with refinery gas.

In 1995, there is a break in series for oil products

trade due to the aligning of the National Board

of Customs trade data collection system with the

European Union's Intrastat system.

NGL: Ethylene produced in Lacq is not included in

NGL from 2001 onwards.

Additives and oxygenates: Data are available from

1991.

Petroleum coke: The split of petroleum coke

consumption into energy and non-energy use is not

available prior to 1982. Data for non-ferrous metals is

not available since 2000, hence included in non-

specified industry.


Breaks in the time series for LPG consumption are

due to improved data collection.

Prior to 1994, the separation of consumption of LPG by

the tertiary sector between residential and commerce/

public services have been estimated by the Secretariat.

Kerosene type jet fuel: The consumption includes

military use as of 1998.

Gas/diesel oil: Consumption in the non-metallic min-

erals sector has been reclassified as non-ferrous

metals and vice-versa for years 1982 to 1994. Prior to

1985, residential sector consumption is reported under

commerce/public service sector as no separate data

were available.

Gas/diesel oil, fuel oil: Residential and commerce/

public services sector consumption for gas/diesel and

residual fuel oil has been estimated by the Secretariat

from 1985 to 1998 based on information provided by

the French Administration.

A different treatment of transfers was adopted from

1998. From 1998, imported oil products needing fur-

ther refinery processing are no longer reported as

refinery feedstock imports but as oil product imports

and products transferred. And from 1999, due to a

reallocation of some products, part of the amounts

previously reported in other products is now reported

in fuel oil.

For 2001 and 2002, all products transferred are re-

ported with heavy fuel oil.

From 2001 onwards, a new methodology was used to

report biofuels in the category additives/blending

components and motor gasoline.

Breaks in sectorial breakdown of LPG and other

products in consumption between 2000 and 2001 are

due a result of more detailed data surveys.

Additives exports started in 2003 and not used for

direct use anymore. Break in the time series for indus-

trial sub-sectors are due to improved data collection.

Refinery gas: Prior to 1970, consumption in the

chemical industry is included with refineries' own

consumption.

Jet gasoline, jet kerosene: Beginning with 1994, there

has been a reclassification of jet gasoline to jet kero-

sene.

Gas/diesel: In 1989, end-use consumption decreased

due to an exceptionally warm winter and a lowering of

consumer stocks. In 1995, a break in the industrys occurs

due to an alignment with the NACE classifications.

Fuel oil: Prior to 1980, consumption in blast furnaces

was included in the iron and steel sector. From 2000,

part of the product 'Andere Rückstände' (other

Estonia

Finland

France

Germany



residues) is included with fuel oil instead of other

products.

Other products: Prior to 1979, data include paraffin

waxes, bitumen, white spirit & SBP and lubricants for

eastern Germany.

Beginning with 1994, there is a break in series for

final consumption by sub-sector due to improved sur-

vey methods instituted by Mineralölwirtschafts

Verband.

Breaks in series before 2003 and 2004 are due to struc-

tural changes caused by the new Energy Statistics Law.

Crude oil: Production was stopped end November

1998, and started again in December 1999.

Refinery feedstocks: Data are only reported from

1986 onwards.

Refinery gas: From 1990 onwards, there has been an

increased use of refinery gas in electricity generation,

replacing fuel oil.

Fuel oil: From 1993, more information is available on

the allocation of fuel oil to specific industrial sub-

sectors. Fuel oil consumption in agriculture and resi-

dential has been replaced by Gas/Diesel Oil starting in

1993.

Prior to 1987, consumption in the commerce/public

services sector is included with residential. Peaks in

residential sector consumption in 1978 and 1982 are

due to unusually cold winters.

Due to changed reporting methods, more detailed end-

use information has become available starting in

1996.

Refinery gas, paraffin waxes, lubricants: Data prior

to 1993 are partly estimated by the Secretariat.

White spirit: Prior to 1993, white spirit is included in

motor gasoline.

Fuel oil: The breakdown between low and high sul-

phur is available as of 1998.

Additives, aviation gasoline: The data are available as

of 1998.

Other products: From 2004 onwards it includes aro-

matics and other products that were previously

included mainly under white spirit and SBP.

Beginning with 1993, data were officially submitted

to the IEA by questionnaire.

Consumption data prior to 1980 are estimated by the

Secretariat.

Fuel oil: Detailed industry consumption is not avail-

able prior to 1982.

2008 and 2009 oil supply and consumption data are

estimated by the Secretariat.

Gas/diesel oil: Gas/diesel oil consumption in the agri-

cultural sector is available from 1986.

Other kerosene: For the period 1970 to 1977, the split

between commercial and public services and agricul-

tural use of kerosene has been estimated by the

Secretariat.

Consumption in commercial/public services includes

quantities used by state-owned agricultural companies.

LPG, gas/diesel oil, kerosene, fuel oil: End-use data

collected for 1993 are based on a detailed survey con-

ducted by a consulting company. Data for historical

years back to 1990 were revised by the national ad-

ministration based on the results of this survey. Due to

these revisions, breaks in series will exist for years

1989 and 1990 in the end-use breakdown for LPG,

kerosene, gas/diesel oil and fuel oil.

The decrease in refinery output in 1996 was due to a

partial refinery shutdown.

White spirit, lubricants, bitumen and paraffin

waxes: There is a break in series between 2006 and

2007 for white spirit, lubricants, bitumen and paraffin

waxes due to a new methodology being applied to

sectoral demand by Sustainable Energy Ireland (SEI).

LPG, kerosene type jet fuel, gas/diesel oil and pe-

troleum coke: There is a break in time series between

2008 and 2009 for LPG, kerosene type jet fuel,

gas/diesel oil, and petroleum coke due to a new meth-

Greece

Hungary

Iceland

Ireland

Israel



odology being applied to sectoral demand by Sustain-

able Energy Ireland.

From 2007 to 2009, oil data are estimated by the IEA

Secretariat based on a new data source.

Aviation fuels: The aviation fuels show breaks in se-

ries in 1988 due to a change in classification.

Gas/diesel: Non-specified use is included in the

commerce/public sector.

Lubricants: From 2009 onwards, lubricant transfers

data could not be disaggregated from refinery output

data.

Other Oil Products: Refinery output of other oil

products increased due to new methodology.

Inputs to electricity and heat generation have been

estimated by the Secretariat for years 1984 to 1997

based on submissions of the Annual Electricity

questionnaire.

All data for the years 1992 to 1997 and the detailed

consumption breakdown for other years have been

estimated by the Secretariat based on Bilancio Ener-

getico Nazionale. Due to new surveys, breaks appear

in the consumption series between 1998 and 1999.

Starting in 1990, data are reported on a fiscal year

basis (April 2008 to March 2009 for 2008).

Crude oil, NGL, feedstocks, refinery gas, LPG, avia-

tion gasoline, motor gasoline, jet gasoline, jet

kerosene, other kerosene: The Japanese Administra-

tion has revised supply and demand data for years

1960 to 1969. The classification of fuel use between

road transport and internal navigation changed in

1970.

Other hydrocarbons: Other hydrocarbons comprise

sulphuric acid, clay (not white clay) and caustic soda.

Other kerosene: The decrease in end-use consump-

tion in 1982 was due to an exceptionally warm winter.

Lubricants: Consumption in the commerce/public

and fishing begin in 1990.

Petroleum coke: Petroleum coke use in blast furnaces

series begins in 1990.

Due to improved data collection methods, breaks in

series exist for several products between 1981 and

1983. Due to a change in the reporting system to ex-

clude stock levels at service stations and retail stores,

a break in series exists between 1981 and 1982.

Orimulsion: Imports for electricity generation began

in 1991.

The export and import data of oil products in 1994

and 1995 are in reported on a calendar year basis.


Stock levels include vessel stocks starting from 1997.

Naphtha, fuel oil: Except for naphtha, inputs of oil

products to autoproducer electricity and autoproducer

CHP are included with final consumption.

Kerosene type jet fuel: The split between international

civil aviation and domestic air transport has been es-

timated for 1990 to 1995.

Prior to 1994, data are net of backflows to the petro-

chemical industry.

Gas/diesel oil: For the 2011 edition, data for

gas/diesel oil were revised from 1999.

Fuel oil: Due to the introduction of an excise tax in

1994, all high-sulphur fuel oil consumption has been

replaced by low-sulphur fuel oil.

The reduction in consumption of fuel oil in the iron

and steel industry in the late 1970s is due to substitu-

tion by coal.


Because of a change in the processing of the data,

there may be breaks in series between 1998 and 1999.

Inputs for autoproducer electricity and heat generation

are included in the industry.

Gas/Diesel: The breakdowns of transport diesel and

heating oil are available from 1990.

Italy

Japan

Korea

Luxembourg

Mexico



Lubricants, Petroleum Coke: Stock levels are not

available.

Lubricants, paraffin waxes, petroleum coke, other

products: End Use data of lubricants, paraffin waxes,

petroleum coke are available from 1990 and other oil

products from 1993.

Petroleum Coke: In 2003 the new facility were added

in the refinery to produce the petroleum coke. For the

2011 edition, the Mexican administration revised the

iron and steel sector’s consumption of petroleum

coke.

LPG: Prior to 1987, the split of LPG consumption

between the residential and commercial public ser-

vices has been estimated by the Secretariat.

NGL production reported in the IEA publications may

be different from what is reported in the Mexican en-

ergy publications as the IEA includes in its oil data

liquids produced in conjunction with natural gas.

Significant breaks in series between 1983 and 1984

are due to the introduction of a more comprehensive

survey on end-use consumption. However, aggregated

consumption data for transport, industry and “other”

are not affected. Some breaks in series occur in

2007 when the Dutch Administration has started to

report the petrochemical industry according to IEA

methodology.

Crude oil: Prior to 1994, stocks held by stockholding

entities were not included.


Refinery gas: Data include chemical gas from 1978.

These quantities are shown as chemical industry con-

sumption. Inputs to public combined heat and power

generation begin in 1995.

Naphtha: From 2007, data include aromatics, naph-

tha and other light oils.

Motor gasoline: Data include “other light oils” until

2007.

Petroleum coke, other products: Petroleum coke is

included with “other products” for all years except

1960 to 1967, 1978 to 1982 and 2005.

Consumption data for 1960 to 1973 have been esti-

mated by the Secretariat.

Other hydrocarbons: Other hydrocarbons represent

synthetic gasoline production from natural gas. In

February 1997 the production of synthetic gasoline

ceased.

Gas/diesel oil, fuel oil: The light fuel oil is included

in residual fuel oil until 1997. As of 1998, the light

fuel oil is included in gas/diesel oil.

Paraffin waxes: From 2000 onwards, paraffin waxes

are included with lubricants.

Due to the availability of more detailed information,

the Norwegian Administration has revised the re-

porting of chemical and petrochemical energy and

non-energy use beginning with 1993 and 2003.

The Norwegian Administration revised stock levels

for crude oil and some oil products. It entails breaks

in stocks between 1999 and 2000.

Additives/Oxygenates: Starting in 2009, the Norwe-

gian administration has included an additional data

source for additives and oxygenates.

Refinery feedstocks: Since 1986, imports of refinery

feedstocks are reported under the relevant oil product

imports.


Lubricants: Consumption of lubricants is reported

in the industry, as no further breakdown is available.

Beginning in 1991, motor gasoline, gas/diesel and fuel

oil end-use consumption data has been revised based

on new information.

Gas/diesel oil: Quantities of gas/diesel oil for electric-

ity generation from 1970 to 1975 have been estimated

by the Secretariat. Starting in 1990, the Norwegian

administration has revised the reporting of input of

gas/diesel oil for autoproduced electricity on oil and

gas platforms, giving rise to a break in series between

1989 and 1990. Data are now reported in the energy

industry own use.

Gas/diesel oil, fuel oil: The detailed consumption

breakdown is available from 1976.

Netherlands

New Zealand

Norway



Lubricants: For 1996, some lubricants are included

with Other Products.

Petroleum coke: There is a break in series in industry

between 2004 and 2005 according to the new infor-

mation. Refinery fuel has been reported since 2001.

From 2002 onwards, NGL exports have been reclassi-

fied as LPG exports.

The stock levels are available as of 1988.

Other hydrocarbons: From 1997, a hydrocracking

complex produces hydrogen from natural gas. These

amounts are reported under other sources.

Gas/diesel oil, fuel oil: Prior to 1998, inputs of gas/

diesel oil and heavy fuel oil to autoproducer CHP in petroleum refineries have been included in the trans-

formation.

Petroleum coke: Supply data are available from

2003.

Gas/diesel oil: Consumption in industry and commer-

cial/public services represents diesel use in the mobile

fleets.

Fuel oil: Feedstocks use of fuel oil in the chemical

industry beginning in 1984 reflects the opening of a

new ammonia plant which uses fuel oil as raw material.

The consumption breakdown for lubricants, bitumen,

white spirit/SBP and paraffin waxes has been esti-

mated by the Secretariat in 1986.

In the 2011 edition, the Portuguese administration has

revised the petroleum consumption breakdown for

international aviation bunkers and international ma-

rine bunkers.


Refinery Gas: Between 2008 and 2009, one of the

companies changed its status from autoproducer to

main activity producer.

Naphtha: Data are not available and therefore not

included in total products before 1989.

Kerosene type jet fuel: Data include small amounts of

other kerosene from 2001 onwards. International Civil

Aviation includes Domestic use since 2001.

Gas/diesel oil: Road data includes Rail use.

Fuel oil: Fuel oil includes both light and heavy fuel

oil.

White spirit: Energy Use is not available.

Data from 1993 were revised by the Slovak Admini-

stration in 2002. There are several breaks between

1992 and 1993 and between 2000 and 2001 due to

differences in methodology.

As a result of a new survey more detailed information

is available starting in 2001.

Data for Slovenia are available starting in 1990.

Prior to that, they are included in Former Yugoslavia.

A new energy data collection system was imple-

mented in January 2001, causing some breaks in time

series between 1999 and 2000.

Detailed consumption data prior to 1981 are partly

estimated on the basis of national statistics covering

consumption on the Spanish mainland.

Refinery feedstocks: Data are not available in 1981.

LPG, fuel oil: Consumption specifications are less

detailed prior to 1973.

Gas/diesel oil, fuel oil: A reclassification of the

"other" between 1976 and 1977 has resulted in a

break in series for gas/diesel oil and fuel oil.

Petroleum coke: From 1982 onwards, there are more

detailed consumption data available for petroleum

coke.

Backflows have been estimated by the Secretariat for

1996.

A change in the reporting system in mid-1996 has

resulted in some breaks in series between 1996 and

1997.

Poland

PortugalPortugal

Slovak Republic

Slovenia

Spain



Additives, refinery gas, ethane: Data are available

from 2000 for additives, from 2003 for refinery gas,

and from 2001 for ethane.

Other kerosene: Consumption in the road sector is

discontinued in 1984 due to product re-classification.

Gas/diesel oil: There is a break in stocks between

1999 and 2000.

Fuel oil: Due to more detailed reporting, there are

breaks in consumption series between 1985 and 1986.

Swedish stock data include peacetime crisis stocks.

Since these stocks may be held in crude oil instead of

oil products, there may be occurrences of negative

stock levels for products.

Beginning in 1995, Sweden has changed its standard

classification of industry sub-sectors.

Beginning in 2002, Sweden has changed some of the

conversion factors for some products. That explains

the break in stocks between 2001 and 2002 as well as

small breaks in series.

Data from 1990 onwards have been revised due to

change in methodology in 2007.

Refinery feedstocks: The reduction in refinery intake

in 1988 is partly due to a switch to crude oil and

partly to a shutdown for maintenance of a refinery.

Naphtha: As of 1993, the refinery gross output fig-

ures are net of quantities used for blending into motor

gasoline.

Gas/diesel oil: Non-specified industry (small manufac-

turers) consumption is estimated. The method of

reporting has been revised from 1987 to 1993. The in-

crease in consumption in 1994 is due to consumer

stock-building prior to the introduction of a value-

added excise tax on heating fuels as of

1 January 1995.

Petroleum coke: Production started in 2004 due to the

installation of a cracking unit in a refinery.

Since 1 January 1996, the Swiss Administration re-

vised its stock reporting.

The break between 1998 and 1999 in the final consump-

tion of motor gasoline, gas/diesel oil and residual fuel

oil is due to a new survey being introduced in 1999.

Gas/diesel oil, fuel oil: The end-use classification of

gas/diesel oil and fuel oil were changed in the Turkish

national statistics between 1977 and 1978. Conse-

quently, breaks in detailed consumption series appear

between these two years.

As of 1978, the commercial sector is included with in-

dustry, while public services are included with transport.

Part of non-metallic mineral products industry con-

sumption is included with non-ferrous metals sector.

International marine bunkers are included in exports

for the years 1978, 1980, 1981, 1983 and 1984.

Gas/diesel oil and fuel oil consumed to produce elec-

tricity are used in both oil and coal-fired plants.

Bitumen: Bitumen consumed in the transformation is

intended for briquette production.

Crude oil, NGL: From 1980, NGL includes conden-

sates. For earlier years condensates are included with

crude oil.

NGL, refinery feedstocks: Stock levels and stock

changes are only reported separately from 1985. Prior

to that they were included with crude oil.

Other hydrocarbons: Until 1994, other sources repre-

sented bitumen produced from coal.


LPG, fuel oil: breaks in series for LPG, between 2000

and 2001, and for fuel oil, between 1999 and 2000,

are due to the re-allocation of some data; and, for fuel

oil, because of the introduction of heat production

data as well.

Petroleum coke, other products: Imports and exports

of "other products" include petroleum coke prior to

1992. Prior to 1979, all petroleum coke data are in-

cluded with "other products".

Stock levels and stock changes in main activity pro-

ducer are included from 1985.

Prior to 1995, the product breakdown for returns is

estimated by the UK Administration. Beginning with

Sweden

Switzerland

Turkey

United Kingdom



1995, the UK Administration revised their product

breakdown for returns and petrochemical reporting

methodology.

For 2002 to 2004 products transferred includes back-

flows and interproduct transfers. From 2005 onwards

backflows were estimated by the Administration.

In the 2010 edition, the split between international

civil aviation and domestic air transport has been re-

vised back to 1990 according to new research.

UK changed the 2009 consumption data to be based

on the Emission Trading Scheme. Data prior to 2009

are pending.

Prior to 1995, a detailed breakdown of oil products

consumption in the industry is not available. How-

ever, data by industry are published for fuel oil for the

period 1971 to 1982.

Crude oil: High statistical differences for crude oil

represent "Unaccounted for crude oil", the difference

between the supply and disposition of crude oil.

LPG: From 1995, inputs to gas works are included in

the industry.

LPG, ethane: LPG includes ethane and pentanes plus

prior to 1990.

LPG, NGL: Imports and exports of NGL are reported

as LPG trade prior to 1978. From 1992 onwards, the

individual components of NGL and LPG have been

converted using their respective conversion factor

rather than an average factor, resulting in a break in

series.

Naphtha: The reduction in naphtha use in the chemi-

cal industry beginning in 1978 is due to a

reclassification of the product.

Motor gasoline: Beginning in 1994, consumption in

the commerce/public services sector is based on a new

model from the Department of Transportation.

Gas/diesel oil: Gas/diesel oil consumption in agricul-

ture prior to 1980 is estimated by the Secretariat.

Fuel oil: International marine bunkers of fuel oil

show large increase in 1990 due to a change in the

data collection and reporting methodology in the US

administration. The consumption breakdown between

low and high sulphur fuel oil has been estimated.

Consumption breakdown for low and high sulphur

fuel oil is not available from 2002 onwards.

Gas/diesel oil, fuel oil, petroleum coke: The inputs to

autoproducers of electricity are available as of 1997.

The inputs to CHP plants are available as of 1999.

Before 1999, main activity producer CHP plants were

included in main activity producer electricity plants;

autoproducers of CHP were included in autoproducers

of electricity and in industry.

The change in the series for transfers in 1990 and

1993 is due to new reporting methods used by the US

Administration.

In 1993, the US administration made several adjust-

ments to its collection system for oil statistics in order

to accommodate the revisions to the Clean Air Act of

1990. As a result, data for oxygenates (i.e. fuel etha-

nol, MTBE, etc.) are collected as of 1993.

As a result of the new Manufacturing Energy Con-

sumption Survey (MECS), there are breaks in series

between 1999 and 2000 for the industry. And again

between 2000 and 2001 as the MECS percentages

were revised due to revisions in electric cogeneration.

There were significant revisions to residual fuel oil

and unfinished oils for 2001 data. Primarily, the

changes are a result of importers misclassifying unfin-

ished oils as residual fuel oil.

United States



7. ABBREVIATIONS AND CONVERSION FACTORS

Mt Million metric tons

Mtoe Million tons of oil equivalent

TPES Total Primary Energy Supply

kb Thousand barrels

mb Million barrels

- Nil

x Not applicable

.. Not available

0.00 Negligible (depending on the number of decimals)

101 deca (da) 10

-1 deci (d)

102 hecto (h) 10

-2 centi (c)

103 kilo (k) 10

-3 milli (m)

106 mega (M) 10

-6 micro ()

109 giga (G) 10

-9 nano (n)

1012

tera (T) 10-12

pico (p)

1015

peta (P) 10-15

femto (f)

1018

exa (E) 10-18

atto (a)

General Conversion Factors for Energy

Abbreviations

Conventional Signs

Decimal Prefixes



To: TJ Gcal Mtoe MBtu GWh

From: multiply by:

TJ 1 238.8 2.388 x 10-5

947.8 0.2778

Gcal 4.1868 x 10-3

1 10-7

3.968 1.163 x 10-3

Mtoe 4.1868 x 104 10

7 1 3.968 x 10

7 11630

MBtu 1.0551 x 10-3

0.252 2.52 x 10-8

1 2.931 x 10-4

GWh 3.6 860 8.6 x 10-5

3412 1

Conversion Factors for Mass

To: kg t lt st lb

From: multiply by:

kilogramme (kg) 1 0.001 9.84 x 10-4

1.102 x 10-3

2.2046

tonne (t) 1000 1 0.984 1.1023 2204.6

long ton (lt) 1016 1.016 1 1.120 2240.0

short ton (st) 907.2 0.9072 0.893 1 2000.0

pound (lb) 0.454 4.54 x 10-4

4.46 x 10-4

5.0 x 10-4

1

Conversion Factors for Volume

To: gal U.S. Gal U.K. bbl ft3 l m

3

From: multiply by:

U.S. gallon (gal) 1 0.8327 0.02381 0.1337 3.785 0.0038

U.K. gallon (gal) 1.201 1 0.02859 0.1605 4.546 0.0045

Barrel (bbl) 42.0 34.97 1 5.615 159.0 0.159

Cubic foot (ft3) 7.48 6.229 0.1781 1 28.3 0.0283

Litre (l) 0.2642 0.220 0.0063 0.0353 1 0.001

Cubic metre (m3) 264.2 220.0 6.289 35.3147 1000.0 1



Petroleum Products Average Densities, Volume and Heat Equivalents

Product Density kg/m

3

Litres per metric ton

Barrel per metric ton

Gross Calorific Value (GJ/t)

Net Calorific Value (GJ/t)

(3)

Crude Oil 853 1172 7.37 47.37 45.00

Ethane 366 2730 17.17 51.90 47.51

Refinery Gas 786 1272 8.00 52.00 47.60

Propane 508 1969 12.38 50.32 46.33

Butane 585 1709 10.75 49.51 45.72

LPG(1)

539 1856 11.67 50.08 46.15

Naphtha 706 1416 8.91 47.73 45.34

Aviation Gasoline 707 1414 8.90 47.40 45.03

Motor Gasoline(2)

741 1350 8.49 47.10 44.75

Kerosene Type Jet Fuel 803 1246 7.84 46.93 44.58

Other Kerosene 810 1235 7.76 46.05 43.75

Gas/Diesel Oil 844 1186 7.46 45.66 43.38

Fuel Oil Low Sulphur 925 1081 6.80 43.75 41.56

Fuel Oil High Sulphur 975 1026 6.45 42.00 39.90

Fuel Oil 944 1059 6.66 42.82 40.68

White Spirit 743 1346 8.46 46.32 44.00

Paraffin Waxes 801 1248 7.85 42.00 39.90

Lubricants 887 1127 7.09 44.00 41.80

Bitumen 1035 966 6.08 42.10 40.00

Petroleum Coke 1150 870 5.47 34.80 33.06

Other Products 786 1273 8.00 42.30 40.19

(1) Assumes a mixture of 60% propane and 40 % butane by mass. (2) An average for motor gasolines with RON between 91 and 95. (3) For Naphtha and heavier oils the net calorific value is assumed to be 95% of gross.



Crude Oil* Average Volume Equivalent of Thousand Metric Tons

Thousand Barrels Thousand Kilolitres

Australia 7.890 1.254

Austria 7.040 1.119

Canada 7.180 1.142

Denmark 7.400 1.177

France 7.330 1.165

Germany 7.200 1.145

Greece 7.230 1.149

Italy 6.830 1.086

Japan 7.370 1.172

Mexico 7.080 1.126

Netherlands 7.090 1.127

New Zealand 8.130 1.293

Norway 7.490 1.191

Spain 7.440 1.183

Sweden 7.370 1.172

Turkey 7.030 1.118

United Kingdom 7.560 1.202

United States 7.400 1.177

Algeria 7.661 1.218

Angola 7.410 1.178

Argentina 7.120 1.132

Brazil 7.180 1.142

China 7.320 1.164

Colombia 7.080 1.126

Egypt 7.260 1.154

India 7.440 1.183

Indonesia 7.360 1.170

Iran 7.350 1.169

Iraq 7.430 1.181

Kuwait 7.250 1.153

Libya 7.580 1.205

Nigeria 7.500 1.192

Oman 7.330 1.165

Qatar 7.500 1.192

Saudi Arabia 7.323 1.164

Syria 7.290 1.159

United Arab Emirates 7.596 1.208

Former Soviet Union 7.300 1.161

Venezuela 6.990 1.111

* Indigenous production, including condensates.

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