OIL FIRE

M.KANDEEBANB.Sc (Agri).,

What Is Fire?

• Fire is the rapid oxidation of a material in

the exothermic chemical process of combustion,

releasing heat, light, and various reaction products.

• The flame is the visible portion of the fire.

How Fire?

• For a fire to start, the three things in the triangle are needed…

Fuel

Oxygen

Fire

Ignition Sources

Possible Places

• Oil Fields (Upstream)

• Oil storage god downs

• During Transport Downstream

• Household activities

Piper Alpha

• Date : 6 July 1988

• Co-ordinates: 58°28 N 0°15 E′ ′

• Location: North sea oil production platform,

Aberdeen, United Kingdom.

• Causalities: 167 members & $ 3.4 billion dollar

The Kirk of St Nicholas in Union

Street , Aberdeen has dedicated a chapel in

memory of those who perished and

there is a memorial sculpture in the

Rose Garden of Hazlehead Park in

Aberdeen.

Mumbai High North disaster

Rig : Mumbai (Bombay) High North Platform

Date : 27 July 2005Location : Mumbai High, Indian OceanOperator : Oil and Natural Gas Corporation

(ONGC)Fatalities : 22

Bruncefield Fire Accident

Date: 11 December 2005

Location: Hertfordshire Oil Storage

Terminal, an oil Hemel Hempstead in

Hertfordshire, England.

Casualities:43 injuries & 2 died.

Jaipur Fire

Location : Jaipur , Rajasthan, India

Coordinates : 26.92°N 75.82°E

Date : 29 October 2009

Weapons : Accidental oil blast.

Deaths : 12

Non-fatal injuries : 300+

Kuwaiti oil fires

Fire risk Assessment

Identify possible fire hazards in your workplace

Decide who might be harmed and how

Assess the risks and decide what precautions to take

Record what you find, tell your employees and make the necessary improvements

Review your fire risk assessment and update it if necessary

Maintaining and Testing fire precautions

We must keep fire safety measures and equipment in the workplace in effective working order. This includes the following:

Fire detection and alarm systems Fire fighting equipment Fire doors Stairways Corridors Emergency lighting Fire notices

Fire detection and Alarm systems

Detecting any fires; and

warning people in workplace quickly enough to allow

them to escape to a safe place before the fire

spreads and makes it more difficult for them to leave

the building.

Escaping a fire

• Escape routes should always lead to a safe place. They should

also be wide enough for the number of people inside the

building.

• Escape routes, exits and doorways should always be available

for use and kept clear of obstacles at all times.

• There should be more than one escape route in larger or

higher-risk premises.

Emergency escape and Fire exit signs

Emergency escape routes and exit doors should be clearly identified by suitable signs.

Lighting

All escape routes, including outside ones, must have enough

lighting to allow people to find their way out safely. Emergency

escape lighting may be needed in poorly lit areas or if the

workplace is used at night if the normal lighting fails completely.

• show the escape routes clearly;

• provide lighting along escape routes to allow people to move

safely towards the final exits; and

• make sure that fire call points and fire fighting equipment can

be found easily.

Fighting fires-Fire extinguishers

• Portable fire extinguishers allow suitably trained people

to tackle a fire in its early stages (if they can do so

without putting themselves in danger).

• Fire extinguishers should be kept in obvious positions on

escape routes

• If possible, fire extinguishers should be securely hung on

wall brackets and not placed directly on the floor.

When deciding on the types of extinguishers to provide,

consider the materials you use and store in your workplace .

Water- Wood, Fabrics, Paper

Foam- Flammable liquids, oils and fats

Powder- All fires including

electricity

CO2- Flammable liquids

and electrical fire.

Fire blankets

• Fire blankets should be kept near the fire hazard they will be

used on.

• Store blankets in a position which is easy and safe to get to if

there is a fire.

• Light-duty blankets are suitable for dealing with small fires in

containers of cooking oil or fat and fires involving clothing.

• Heavy-duty fire blankets are for industrial use where there is a

need for the blanket to protect against molten materials

Sprinkler systems

If workplace is small, portable fire extinguishers will

probably be enough for tackling small fires.

However, in larger buildings, we need to protect the

escape routes or the property or contents of the

building, we need to consider a sprinkler system.

• For Oil Fire water should not be used because the

specific gravity of oil is less than water, it will float;

because of this, water will not put out oil fires.

• Instead, the burning oil will float on top of the water

and spread.

First Aid Measures

If the victim is burned with fire apply cold applications, immerse the burned area in cold water role the burned person on the ground, or cover with water socked thick cloth or blanket and put out the fire.

If the accident is of electric source, quickly disconnect at the electric meter or check point, or use rope wooden stick, dried cloth etc. to disconnect

Move the victim from the

accident place to avoid

further injury

Loosen and/or remove burned dresses and lay down the victim on his/her back and let him/her breathe fresh air and ensure that no foreign objects have entered and blocked the passage of the respiratory system

If the victim is not breathing properly, initiate mouth to mouth artificial respiration

Thoroughly check the wound to determine the size, and the degree of burn