Course Seminar

João Brito 2013/2014

6/3/2014 Instituto Superior Técnico

Oil and Derivatives

Agenda

• Refinery – Scheme

– Processes

• Derivatives and utilities – Propane/Butane

– Gasoline

– Kerosene

– Diesel

– Others

• Curiosities

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Refinery

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- True Bubble Point

- Distillation of Petroleum

- Physical and Chemical Processes

- Products of commercial interest

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Source: UNIVERSO DA INDUSTRIA PETROLIFERA; Gomes, Jorge Salgado e Fernando

Refinary - Scheme

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Atmospheric Distillation

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- Separates HC

- Elevated Temperatures

- TºC Limits:

- Heavy Fraction 400ºC

- Light Fraction 90ºC

- Divisions in Products

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Source:http://diariodopresal.wordpress.com/o-que-e-o-pre-sal/torre-de-fracionamento-de-petroleo-2/

Refinary - Scheme

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Treatment of amine

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- Removing acid gás (sweetening)

- Set of Processes (Aqueous Sol.)

- Corrosion rate go down (Main Objective)

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Source: http://www.process-instruments-inc.com/pages/amine.html

Refinary - Scheme

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Hydrotreating

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- Mix Hidrogen in Oil

- Catalyzer removes contaminants

- Jet

- Contaminants Sulfur

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Source: http://dc143.4shared.com/doc/ggxldWBX/preview.html

Refinary - Scheme

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Catalytic Reforming

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- High TºC w/catalyst

- High pressures

- Three objectives:

- Increase the octane number

- Produce aromatic

- Produce Hydrogen

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Refinary - Scheme

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Vacuum Distillation

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- TºC 380ºC-550ºC

- Distillation heavy distillates

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Source: http://carlosedison.blogspot.pt/2010/05/destilacao-vacuo-do-petroleo.html

Refinary - Scheme

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Cracking

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- Break large HC

- Heat/Catalyzer

- Catalyzer

- Diesel (base oil)

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Source: Programa Canal Histório “ Maravilhas modernas – Petroleo e Seus derivados.”

Refinary - Scheme

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Visbreaking

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- Thermal Cracking

- Reduces Viscosity

- Main Objectives:

- Reduce Viscosity

- Decrease the residual oil (-$)

- Increase médium distillates

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Source: http://www.setlaboratories.com/therm/tabid/107/Default.aspx

Refinary - Scheme

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Derivatives

– Butane/Propane

– Gasoline

– Kerosene

– Diesel

– Others

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Source: http://www.vgas.biz/

Derivatives

– Butane/Propane

– Gasoline

– Kerosene

– Diesel

– Others

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Source: http://www.petroiberica.pt/portal/?id=1197

Derivatives

– Propane/Butane

– Gasoline

– Kerosene

– Diesel

– Others

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Source: http://www.lowes.com/pd_156587-78-CKE83_0__?productId=3014435

Source: http://www.airport-suppliers.com/supplier/Air_BP/

Derivatives

– Propane/Butane

– Gasoline

– Kerosene

– Diesel

– Others

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Source: http://www.oleofat.com/produtos/1/combustiveis

Derivatives

– Propane/Butane

– Gasoline

– Kerosene

– Diesel

– Others

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Curiosities

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Source: http://oilpro.com/q/462/what-is-in-a-barrel-of-crude

Curiosities

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1 m3 of biogas with 65% of CH4

contains:

- 0,6 m3 of Natural gas;

- 0,882 liter of propane;

- 0,789 liter of butane;

- 0,628 liter of gasoline;

- 0,575 liter of fuel oil;

- 0,455 kg of Bituminous Coal;

- 1,602 kg of dry wood.

Source: http://www.ebah.com.br/content/ABAAAAgjYAI/biogas

Bibliography - UNIVERSO DA INDUSTRIA PETROLIFERA; Gomes, Jorge Salgado e Fernando

- Arthur Kohl and Richard Nielson. Gas Purification. 5th Edition ed. [S.l.: s.n.], 1997. ISBN 0-88415-220-0 (18/04/2014)

- Gary, J.H. and Handwerk, G. E.. Petroleum Refining Technology and Economics. 2ª Edition ed. [S.l.: s.n.], 1984. ISBN 0-8247-7150-8 (18/04/2014)

- http://www.flexim.com/pt-br/oil-and-gas/midstream-gas/gas-processing/gas-sweetening (18/04/2014)

- http://www.process-instruments-inc.com/pages/amine.html (imagem)

- http://dc143.4shared.com/doc/ggxldWBX/preview.html

- Jha, Alok. "New catalyst boosts hydrogen as transport fuel". The Guardian (18/04/2014).

- http://www.google.pt/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=9&sqi=2&ved=0CFgQFjAI&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fcai.uncu.edu.ar%2Fupload%2FREFORMING%2520catalitico.ppt&ei=FU9iU9-bNYyw7Aa444GYCQ&usg=AFQjCNHkClr2kXiWdllLfW5OcImgmkCUFQ

- Programa Canal Histório “ Maravilhas modernas – Petroleo e Seus derivados.”

- James H. Gary and Glenn E. Handwerk (1984). Petroleum Refining Technology and Economics (2nd Edition ed.). Marcel Dekker, Inc. ISBN 0-8247-7150-8.

- James G. Speight (2006). The Chemistry and Technology of Petroleum (4th Edition ed.). CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-9067-2.

- http://br.exceptionalenergy.com/newsroom/49/191/Diferenca-entre-propano-e-butano/

- http://noticias.autocosmos.cl/2010/12/20/que-tipo-de-octanaje-necesita-mi-vehiculo

• querosene. O Infopédia (em linha). Porto Editora (2003-2009)

• Brasil.gov - Pesquisadores brasileiros desenvolvem bioquerosene de aviação feito a partir de sobras

• http://www.ihrdc.com/els/po-demo/module09/mod_009_02.htm

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Thanks You

for

Your Attencion

João Brito

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