oil & gas application notebook

Chromatography, Mass Spectrometry,

Molecular Spectroscopy,

Lab Data Management Software

Oil & Gas Application Notebook

Table of Contents

IntroductionPetroleum & Natural Gas

Industrial Water Process

Oil and Gas Analytical TechnologiesICP-OES and OEA Analyzers Natural Gas AnalyzersIC, CICLab Data Management Software

Petroleum and Natural Gas ProcessUpstream SectorMidstream SectorDownstream Sector

Industrial Water ProcessesHSS in Scrubber SolutionsAmines in Boiler & Cooling Water

Water AOX in Waste Water

References

Whether or not the oil and gas industry is in a boom or bust cycle,

companies that succeed will be those that have learned to execute

at a lower price point, by working with the supply chain in new ways.

They will consider new technology that helps achieve higher product

purity and improved production efficiencies.

Making informed decisions on selecting drill sites, crude oil testing,

custody transfer, contaminant analysis, and product purity testing

requires appropriately configured, accurate, dependable, and cost

effective analytical instrumentation.

Thermo Fisher Scientific™ offers the most complete portfolio

of analytical instrument workflow solutions in the industry. We

deliver critical information about your upstream, midstream,

and downstream production and industrial water preventative

maintenance processes with a choice of available technologies

and models that maximize instrument uptime.

Upstream Midstream Downstream

Exploration Production Custody Transfer Storage Wholesale Marketing Refining Distribution

Oil and Gas Production. The Global Challenge.

IntroductionTable of Contents

IntroductionPetroleum & Natural Gas WorkflowIndustrial Water Process Workflow



Industrial Water ProcessesHSS in Scrubber SolutionsAmines in Boiler & Cooling WaterAmines in Refinery Waste Water AOX in Waste Water

References

Petroleum & Natural Gas

The oil & gas industry is driven by two workflows, one for petroleum and natural gas

processes and one for industrial water processes.

The workflows can be described as a matrix that provides a choice of available products

according to the process, matrices, application, and analytes of interest.

The petrolelum and natural gas workflow includes matrices for natural gas, condensates,

and crude oil. Both are segmented according to upstream, midstream, and downstream

sectors. Analytical instrumentation includes GC, GC-MS, GC-HRAM, ICP-OES, HPLC,

organic elemental analyzers (OEA), and combustion IC (CIC).

BiomarkersGC-HRMS

CHNS/O and Heat Value

OEA

SIMDISGC, GC-MS

H2S, CO2, NOx GC

F, Cl, S Combustion IC

S, Metals PAH’s ICP-OES HPLC, GC

Natural Gas &Condensates

Crude Oil

UpstreamExploration & Production

DownstreamRefining, Petrochemical,

Energy

MidstreamTransportation & Custody Transfer

Energy Content (BTU), DHA, SIMDIS, H2S/Organic Sulfur GC, GC-MS

RGA, DHAGC, GC-MS

Oxygenates, AromaticsGC, GC-MS

BTEX3, PAHsGC, GC-MS

Sulfur, Metals ICP-OES

F, Cl, S Combustion IC

Feed Stock Testing QA

LIMS leverages all process steps Products

Download the brochure

Table of Contents





References

https://tools.thermofisher.com/content/sfs/brochures/BR-71892-Petroleum-Natural-Gas-Workflows-BR71892-EN.pdf

Industrial Water ProcessThe industrial water processes workflow includes matrices for industrial water and

scrubber solutions and is segmented according to process monitoring and waste water

monitoring. Analytical instrumentation includes IC, ICP-OES, and GC, and GC-MS,.

Products

Amines, Anions, Organic acids

IC, GC

Cations, Anions, Ammonium, Alkai & Alkaline Earth Metals

IC, ICP-OES

TPH1, HRVOC2

GC, GC-MS

Metals (e.g., Zn, Cd) ICP-OES

Organic AcidsIC, GC

Industrial Water

Scrubber Solutions

Process Monitoring Waste Water Monitoring

Organic Acids, Sulfur Species, Amines, AlkanolaminesPolyphosphates, Polyphosphonates

IC

Cations, Anions, IC, ICP-OES

BTEX3, PCB4

ASE, GCS

ICP-OES

LIMS leverages all process steps 1. Total petroleum hydrocarbons

2. Reactive volatile organic compounds

3. Benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, xylenes

4. Polychorlinatedbiphenyl

Download the brochure

Table of Contents





References

https://tools.thermofisher.com/content/sfs/brochures/BR-71892-Petroleum-Natural-Gas-Workflows-BR71892-EN.pdf

Inductively Coupled Plasma Analyzer

Organic Elemental Analyzer

For ensuring consistent radial ICP-OES performance and accurate results with high matrix

tolerance and stable operation

For automated characterization of coal, crude, fuels, lubricants, and petrochemical

products by determining nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, sulfur, and oxygen

Thermo Scientific™ iCAP™ 7000 Plus Series ICP-OES Analyzer

Thermo Scientific™ FlashSmart ™ Elemental Analyzer

Learn more

Learn more

Analytical TechnologiesTable of Contents





References

http://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/industrial/spectroscopy-elemental-isotope-analysis/trace-elemental-analysis/inductively-coupled-plasma-optical-emission-spectrometry-icp-oes.html

http://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/industrial/spectroscopy-elemental-isotope-analysis/trace-elemental-analysis/organic-elemental-analysis-oea.html

Natural Gas and Natural Gas Liquid Analyzers

Hydrocarbon Processing

Specifically configured turnkey GC analyzers equipped with the appropriate injectors, detectors, and columns to meet the

regulatory requirements for a wide range of GPA, ASTM, ISO, and DIN methods

A complete suite of gas chromatography solutions from simple single channel gas chromatographs to highly configured

multi-channel, multi-valve systems to meet the varied demands of the hydrocarbon processing industry - HPI

Thermo Scientific™ TRACE™ 1310 Gas Chromatograph

Thermo Scientific™ TRACE™ 1310 Natural Gas and Natural Gas Liquid Analyzers

Learn more

Learn more






References

https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/NATGAS010011

https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/14800303TS1

Ion Chromatography

Combustion Ion Chromatography

For meeting your routine ion analysis demands with flexible detector configurations, automated consumables

tracking, and the versatility to run under isocratic and gradient conditions

For achieving reliable, reproducible analysis of halides and sulfur in matrices such as coal, crude oil, LPG,

fuels, and lubricants

Thermo Scientific™ Combustion Ion Chromatography (CIC) system

Thermo Scientific™ Dionex™ Integrion™ HPIC™ system

Learn more

Learn more






References

https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/22153-60201

https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/IQLAAAGADHFAMJMBIQ

Analytical Technologies

Lab Data Management and Analysis SoftwareIntegrated informatics, with connectivity between the LIMS and CDS, that enables

real-time evaluation of results for process monitoring, ensuring that turnaround is timely

and reducing the risk of lost quality or product

Learn more

Table of Contents





References

https://tools.thermofisher.com/content/sfs/brochures/BR-80042-LIMS-Informatics-Oil-Gas-BR80042-EN.pdf

Petrochemical analysis can be challenging due to difficult matrices, a wide range of

contaminants, and sensitivity requirements. We offer the broadest portfolio of laboratory

analytical instrumentation in the industry that work together to enhance your analytical

capabilities and streamline your upstream, midstream, and downstream processes.

GC, GC-MS

OEA

CIC

ICP-OES

GC-HRMS

Petroleum and Natural Gas Process

Upstream Midstream Downstream

Exploration Production Custody Transfer Storage Wholesale Marketing Refining Distribution

Table of Contents





References

Data obtained from the analysis of nitrogen in crude by ASTM D5291 fall within the

statistical margin of error using Thermo Scientific™ FlashSmart™ Elemental Analyzer.

Results comparing untreated with treated fluoride sample in LPG demonstrate the sensi-

tivity of Thermo Scientific – Mitsubishi combustion IC system.

Upstream Sector

Sample*Thermo Scientific ASTM

ASTM Reproducibility

N% value Robust Mean N% These Test Data

1 0.675 0.6685 0.0604

2 0.700 0.7088 0.0471

3 0.576 0.5790 0.0604

4 0.760 0.7916 0.0634

5 0.522 0.5272 0.0518

6 0.774 0.7937 0.0460

7 0.608 0.6516 0.0601

8 0.707 0.7166 0.0363

9 0.791 0.7923 0.0723

10 0.786 0.7843 0.0740

11 0.716 0.7182 0.0515

12 0.788 0.7738 0.0596

13 0.643 0.6466 0.0537

14 0.687 0.7079 0.0712

15 0.784 0.7875 0.0607

16 0.929 0.9431 0.0618

Nitrogen in Crude Oil Samples Fluoride in LPG

Learn more

Combustion Ion Chromatography with a Dionex Integrion HPIC System technical note*Characterization of lubricants and oils by the Thermo Scientific FlashSmart Elemental Analyzer

Table of Contents



Petroleum and Natural Gas ProcessUpstream Sector Nitrogen and Fluoride

SIMDIS of Crude

Midstream SectorDownstream Sector


References

https://tools.thermofisher.com/content/sfs/brochures/TN-72211-IC-Integrion-TN72211-EN.pdf

https://tools.thermofisher.com/content/sfs/brochures/AN-42216-OEA-CHNS-Lubricants-AN42216-EN.pdf

Upstream Sector

Results show the boiling point range distribution of petroleum fractions using a TRACE

1310 Gas Chromatograph. The chromatogram shows analysis of crude oil by ASTM

D7169. The report at the right shows the percent of material at specific boiling points

SIMDIS of Crude Oil

0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 44.7

Table of Contents



Petroleum and Natural Gas ProcessUpstream Sector Nitrogen and Fluoride

SIMDIS of Crude

Midstream SectorDownstream Sector


References

The midstream process involves the transportation, storage, and custody transfer of

crude and refined petroleum products. Pipelines and other transport systems are used to

move crude oil from production sites to refineries and deliver the various refined products

to downstream distributors.

NG, NGL Analyzer

Combustion IC

ICP-OES

Midstream SectorTable of Contents



Petroleum and Natural Gas ProcessUpstream SectorMidstream Sector BTU of NGLs and NGs

Refinery Gas

Liquid Samples

Downstream Sector


References

Determining BTU Content of NGLs

Determination of the calorific value of natural gas liquids (NGL) by a TRACE 1300 Gas

Chromatograph with thermal conductivity detection by GPA Method 2177.

Midstream Sector

0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 -17.9-12.5

0.0

12.5

25.0

37.5

50.0

62.5

80.1

Minutes

mV

6.23

5.00

4.00

3.00

2.00

1.00

0.00-0.37

mV

0.7 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0 16.0 17.0 18.0 19.0 20.0 21.2Minutes

Met

hane

Etha

ne

Prop

ane

i-But

ane

n-Bu

tane

i-Pen

tane

n-Pe

ntan

e

2,2-

Dim

ethy

lbut

ane

2-M

ethy

lpen

tane

3-M

ethy

lpen

tane

n-He

xane

Met

hylcy

clope

ntan

e

Benz

ene

n-He

ptan

e

Tolu

ene

n-Oc

tane

n-No

nane

n-De

cane

2,3-

Dim

ethy

lbut

ane

Determining BTU Content of NGs

Determination of calorific value of natural gas (NG) by a TRACE 1300

Gas Chromatograph with FID Detection by GPA Method 2286.

Learn moreNatural Gas Analyzer for GPA 2177 Natural Gas Analyzer for GPA 2261 Natural Gas Analyzer for GPA 2186 Natural Gas Analyzer for GPA 2286

Table of Contents




Refinery Gas

Liquid Samples

Downstream Sector


References

https://tools.thermofisher.com/content/sfs/brochures/SP-10489-GC-Natural-Gas-Analyzer-GPA-2177-SP10489-EN.pdf

https://tools.thermofisher.com/content/sfs/brochures/SP-10485-GC-Natural-Gas-Analyzer-GPA-2261-SP10485-EN.pdf

https://tools.thermofisher.com/content/sfs/brochures/SP-10495-GC-NG-Analyzer-BTU-GPA-2186-SP10495-EN.pdf

https://tools.thermofisher.com/content/sfs/brochures/SP-10504-GC-NG-Analyzer-BTU-GPA-2286-SP10504-EN.pdf

Three-channel systems provide a quantitative determination of hydrogen, permanent

gases – CO2, H2S, and hydrocarbons C1-C8 in refinery process gases, LPG gases, and

mixtures of propane and propene (excluding high-purity propene in the range of C1-C5)

using a TRACE 1310 Gas Chromatograph.

Midstream SectorRefinery Gas Analysis

Representative chromatograms

Hydrogen Channel Permanent Gas Channel with H2S Light Hydrocarbon Channel

0.95 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00 5.50 6.00 6.50 7.00 7.50 8.00

1. Carbon Dioxide - 1.0872. Methane-Porous Polymer - 1.3003. Ethane - 1.4504. Hydrogen Sulfide - 2.5525. Oxygen - 5.1856. Nitrogen - 5.5057. Methane-MolSieve - 6.0928. Carbone Monoxide - 7.037

1

2

3

4 5

6

7

8

0.6 1.0 2.0

1 - 0.697

Hydrogen - 0.8

1. Hexane+ - 2.895 2. Methane - 3.367 3. Ethane - 3.632 4. Ethylene - 3.973 5. Propane - 4.785 6. Propylene - 6.663 7. i-Butane - 7.522 8. n-Butane - 7.955 9. t-2-Butene - 9.97310. Butene-1 - 10.20711. Isobutylene - 10.54312. c-2-Butene - 10.86513. i-Pentane - 11.44314. n-Pentane - 11.81315. 1,3-Butadiene - 12.368

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

910

1112

13 14 15

2.3 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0

Learn moreGC Analyzers for the Hydrocarbon Processing Industry GC Analyzers Refinery Gas Analyzers

Table of Contents




Refinery Gas

Liquid Samples

Downstream Sector


References

https://tools.thermofisher.com/content/sfs/brochures/BR-10528-GC-Analyzers-Hydrocarbon-Processing-Industry-BR10528-EN.pdf

https://assets.thermofisher.com/TFS-Assets/CMD/brochures/SP-10542-GC-Refinery-Analyzers-SP10542-EN.pdf

100 ppm standard 20 oxygenates in LPG

8.4 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0 16.0 17.0 18.0 19.0 20.0 20.6

1

1. DME - 8.9252. DEE - 11.1783. AA - 11.4174. ETBE - 12.2475. MTBE - 12.3726. DIPE - 12.4987. PA - 12.9458. TAME - 13.3929. PE - 13.520

10. IBA - 13.85011. BA - 14.41012. MeOH - 15.15013. Acetone - 15.25714. VA - 16.09815. MEK - 16.50316. Ethanol - 16.91017. i-Propanol + n-Propanol - 18.24018. Allyl Alcohol - 18.70019. i-Butanol + t-Butanol - 19.30320. n-Butanol - 19.760

2

4

5

8

10

13 14

15

16

17

19

2018

12

11

9

7

6

3

Liquid streams in a refinery process require analysis by gas chromatography. BTEX in

gasoline, SIMDIS of crude oil and semi-finished products, DHA, and oxygenates are a

few examples. ASTM D2/D3 provide numerous methods describing these analyses,

like ASTM D7423 oxygenates in light hydrocarbons shown below

GC Analyzers for Liquid Samples

Midstream Sector

Learn moreGC Analyzers ASTM D7423 Analyzer

Table of Contents




Refinery Gas

Liquid Samples

Downstream Sector


References

http://tools.thermofisher.com/content/sfs/brochures/SP-10545-GC-ASTM-D7423-Analyzers-SP10545-EN.pdf

Downstream Sector

The downstream process refers to the refining of crude oil into petroleum products by

distillation according to their boiling points. These products include the following;

Light distillates; LPG C3-C4, gasoline (C3-C12), naphtha (C6-14)

Middle distillates; kerosene, diesel (C9-C16), jet fuel (C9-C17)

Heavy distillates; lubricating oil (C20+)

GC, GC-MS

ICP-OES

IC

HPLC

Table of Contents



Petroleum and Natural Gas ProcessUpstream SectorMidstream SectorDownstream Sector SIMDIS and Oxygenates

Lubricants

TEA in Naphtha

Aromatics in Gas

Organic acids

LIMS


References

Downstream Sector

SIMDIS is used to determine the boiling point range of refined product. The chro-

matogram shows the composition of gasoline with ethanol by ASTM D7096 simulated

distillation with a TRACE 1310 Gas Chromatograph.

Analysis of corrosive oxygenates in LPG and other light hydrocarbons samples following

ASTM D7423 using a TRACE 1310 Gas Chromatograph.

SIMDIS of Gasoline with Ethanol Oxygenates in Light HC Samples

7.8 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0 22.0 24.0 4.8

10.0

20.0

33.1

1-DM

E

2-DE

E

3-AA

4-ET

BE

5-M

TBE

6-DI

PE

7-PA

8-TA

ME

9-PE

10-IB

A

11-B

A

12-M

eOH

13 -

Ace

tone

16-V

A

17 -

MEK

18 -

Eth

anol

19 -

i-Pr

opan

ol+

n-Pr

opan

ol

20-A

llyl A

lcoho

l

21-i-

Buta

nol+

t-But

anol

22-n

-But

anol

Minutes

pA

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 -100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600 ethanol

iso-pentane

n-C5

2-methylpentane

n-C6

2,4-dimethylpentane

n-C7

toluene

n-C8

p-xylene

n-propylbenzene

n-C10

n-butylbenzene

n-C11

n-C12 n-C13

n-C14 n-C15 n-C16

Minutes

pA

Learn moreReverse Flow Split/Splitless Injector: Simplification of ASTM D3606 and D4815 Methods

Table of Contents




Lubricants

TEA in Naphtha

Aromatics in Gas

Organic acids

LIMS


References

https://tools.thermofisher.com/content/sfs/posters/MSantoro_ASTM_methods_D3606(1).pdf

Downstream Sector

Results from the analysis of nitrogen show excellent reproducibility of lubricants with

helium and argon gases by ASTM D5291 with the Thermo Scientific™ FLASH™ 2000

Organic Elemental Analyzer. There were no observable matrix effects when changing

lubricant samples.

Nitrogen Reproducibility of Lubricants

Sample Helium Carrier Gas Argon Carrier Gas

Number N%Average

N%RSD

%N% Average N% RSD %

0.436 0.454

1 0.4400.436 0.437 0.52 0.455

0.457 0.455 0.34

0.470 0.495

2 0.4790.473 0.474 0.95 0.489

0.506 0.497 1.74

0.520 0.529

3 0.5240.520 0.521 0.43 0.522

0.526 0.526 0.67

0.186 0.191

4 0.1890.189 0.188 0.92 0.195

0.195 0.194 1.19

0.147 0.148

5 0.1470.144 0.146 1.19 0.148

0.153 0.152 2.18

0.640 0.645

6 0.6350.645 0.640 0.80 0.648

0.658 0.65 1.05

Table of Contents




Lubricants

TEA in Naphtha

Aromatics in Gas

Organic acids

LIMS


References

Downstream Sector

Results from the analysis of spiked naphtha are within acceptable limits of ±5% of the

true values using Thermo Scientific™ iCAP™ 7600 ICP-OES. A cooled spray chamber

reduces the volatility of the solvent, providing a more stable plasma for detecting trace

elements at single digit ppb levels in complex matrices.

Trace Element Analysis in Naphtha

Element and Wavelength

(nm)

Spike Concentration mg kg-1

Measured Spike Concentration mg kg-1

Spike Recovery %RSD on Three

Replicates of the Spike %

MDL µg kg-1

Ag 328.068 2.34 2.44 104 1.36 3.4

Al 396.152 2.34 2.46 105 1.20 7.9

As 189.042 2.37 2.39 101 0.25 7.4

B 208.893 2.34 2.44 104 0.58 13

Ba 455.403 2.34 2.40 103 0.86 0.2

Ca 393.366 2.34 2.44 104 0.33 0.1

Cd 228.802 2.34 2.37 101 0.28 0.6

Cr 267.716 2.34 2.34 100 0.57 1.0

Cu 324.754 2.34 2.44 104 1.15 1.3

Fe 259.940 2.34 2.34 100 0.35 1.9

Hg 184.950 2.36 2.38 101 0.44 2.7

Mg 279.553 2.34 2.39 102 0.22 0.04

Mn 257.610 2.34 2.34 100 0.38 0.3

Mo 202.030 2.34 2.35 100 0.19 2.7

Na 589.592 2.34 2.43 104 1.43 10

Ni 221.647 2.34 2.30 98 0.32 1.6

P 178.284 2.34 2.36 101 0.19 11

Pb 220.353 2.34 2.27 97 0.12 7.6

Si 212.412 2.34 2.39 102 0.46 8.0

Sn 189.989 2.34 2.27 97 0.92 8.1

Ti 334.941 2.34 2.37 101 0.40 0.4

V 309.311 2.34 2.37 101 0.39 1.0

Zn 213.856 2.34 2.35 100 0.01 0.4

Table of Contents




Lubricants

TEA in Naphtha

Aromatics in Gas

Organic acids

LIMS


References

Downstream Sector

Analysis of aromatics (used to boost octane levels in gasoline) is shown with backflush

(right) and without backflush (left) using a TRACE 1310 Gas Chromatograph. In the right

chromatogram the heavier matrix components are eliminated, leaving the column and

detector cleaner.

Benzene and Toluene in Gasoline

Minutes Minutes

micr

oVol

ts

micr

oVol

ts

14000000

12000000

10000000

8000000

6000000

4000000

2000000

0

14000000

12000000

10000000

8000000

6000000

4000000

2000000

00 2 4 6 8 10 0 2 4 6 8 10

Learn moreSimplication of the ASTM D3606 Method for the Determination for Benzene and Toluene in Gasoline

Table of Contents




Lubricants

TEA in Naphtha

Aromatics in Gas

Organic acids

LIMS


References

https://tools.thermofisher.com/content/sfs/brochures/Simplification-of-the-ASTM-D3606-Method-for-the-Determination-of-Benzene-and-Toluene-in-Gasoline.pdf

Downstream Sector

Results from a new IC method shows determination of acetic acid and formic acid in

diesel containing 2% motor oil. (A) original sample (B) sample spiked with 10 mg/L of

each organic acid (an offset of 20% was applied). Mixtures with up to 10% oil content,

compatible with the Dionex Integrion HPIC system, showed no impact on the analytical

performance, or method stability.

Acetic Acid and Formic Acid in Diesel Motor Oil

0.00 2.50 5.00 7.50 10.00 12.00

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

t (min)

Formic Acid

AceticAcid

(A)

(B)

κ (µ

S/c

m)

Learn moreCAN 72204: Determination of Formic and Acetic Acids in Petroleum Products

Table of Contents




Lubricants

TEA in Naphtha

Aromatics in Gas

Organic acids

LIMS


References

https://tools.thermofisher.com/content/sfs/brochures/CAN-72204-IC-Organic-Acids-Petrochemicals-CAN72204-EN.pdf

Downstream Sector

LIMS can be integrated across the organization including lab instruments and applications

as well as enterprise systems and systems

Lab Data Management, Analysis, and Reporting

Learn moreSampleManager LIMS Software SolutionsImplementation of Thermo Scientific SampleManager LIMS at Sinopec GuangzhouThe Real Benefits of Standardizing on a Single LIMS in the Gas and Petroleum IndustryThermo Scientific Integrated Information Informatics Solutions for the Oil and Gas Industry

Table of Contents




Lubricants

TEA in Naphtha

Aromatics in Gas

Organic acids

LIMS


References

https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/INF-11000

https://tools.thermofisher.com/content/sfs/brochures/CS-80015-LIMS-Sinopec-SampleManager-CS80015-EN.pdf

https://tools.thermofisher.com/content/sfs/brochures/CS-80013-LIMS-Standardizing-Benefits-Gas-Petroleum-CS80013-EN.pdf

https://tools.thermofisher.com/content/sfs/brochures/BR-80042-LIMS-Informatics-Oil-Gas-BR80042-EN.pdf

Industrial Water Processes

Industrial water processes refer to preventative maintenance applications that keep a

refinery operational. Alkaline scrubber solutions are used to neutralize corrosive acids

such as H2S formed during distillation that left untreated can damage equipment and

release toxic gases into the air. Boiler and cooling water, used to control the distillation

temperature, are treated with amines to neutralize acidic steam condensate.

IC

GC, GC-MS

ICP-OES

Lab Data Management, Analysis, and Reporting

Table of Contents





References


Gradient separation of an aged refinery scrubber solution at a 1:1000 dilution. Resutls

show clear resolution of corrosive anions, organic acids, thiosulfate, and thiocyanate using

a Thermo Scientific™ Dionex™ IonPac™ AS25A column and Dionex Integrion IC system

in less than 30 minutes.

Heat Stable Salts (HSS) in Scrubber Solutions

0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.00.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00

12

3

4

5

6

7

89

10

11

12

13 14

15

min

µS

2017.11.14 new AS25A column #100 [manually integrated] CD_1_Total

Peak Peak Name1 Fluoride2 Propionate3 Formate4 Chloride5 Nitrite6 Bromide7 Nitrate8 Carbonate9 Sulfite10 Sulfate11 Oxalate12 Iodide13 Thiosulfate14 Phosphate15 Thiocyanate

Learn moreSeparation of HSS in MDEA Solutions Using HPICUsing ion chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for the determination of cations and amines in alkanolamine scrubbing solutions

Table of Contents





References

https://tools.thermofisher.com/content/sfs/brochures/TN-122-Separation-Heat-Stable-Amine-Salts-Methyldiethanolamine-Solutions-TN70192-E.pdf

https://assets.thermofisher.com/TFS-Assets/CMD/Application-Notes/an-72609-ic-ms-alkanolamine-scrubbing-solutions-an72609-en.pdf

https://assets.thermofisher.com/TFS-Assets/CMD/Application-Notes/an-72609-ic-ms-alkanolamine-scrubbing-solutions-an72609-en.pdf


Separation of a simulated solution of common cations and protonated amines used to

neutralize the build-up of acidic byproducts and prevent expensive equipment damage

using an Dionex Integrion IC System.

Amines in Boiler & Cooling Water by IC

1. Lithium2. Sodium 3. Ammonium4. Ethanolamine5. Potassium6. Diethanolamine7. Triethanolamine8. N-Methyldiethanolamine

2

µS

0

520 201510 035Minutes

1 23

4 56

7 8

Peaks: 0.25 mg/L1.02.02.01.01010010

Learn moreDetermination of Diethanolamine and Triethanolamine in Surface Finishing, Wastewater and Scrubber Solutions

Table of Contents





References

https://tools.thermofisher.com/content/sfs/brochures/AU-126-IC-Diethanolamine-Triethanolamine-Wastewater-AU71356-EN.pdf


Determination of inorganic anions in A) industrial wastewater and

B) spiked industrial wastewater using a Dionex IonPac AS4A-SC column.

Amines in Refinery Waste Water

Learn moreDetermination of Inorganic Anions in Wastewater by Ion Chromatography

Column: Dionex IonPac AG4A-SC, Dionex IonPac AS4A-SCEluent: 1.8 mM Sodium carbonate/ 1.7 mM Sodium bicarbonateFlow Rate: 2.0 mL/minInjection: 50 µLDetection: Suppressed conductivity Dionex ASRS ULTRA suppressor, AutoSuppression recycle modePeaks: A B 1. Fluoride 0.04 0.92 mg/L (ppm) 2. Chloride 20.0 40.2 3. Nitrite — 1.96 4. Bromide — 1.84 5. Nitrate — 4.81 6. o-Phosphate — 19.8 7. Sulfate 12.1 54.6

A

B

15783

0 2 4 6 8 10

30

S

0

0 2 4 6 8 10Minutes

30

S

0

54

3

7

2

1 6

7

2

1

Table of Contents





References

https://tools.thermofisher.com/content/sfs/brochures/AN-135-IC-Inorganic-Anions-Wastewater-AN71371-EN.pdf

https://tools.thermofisher.com/content/sfs/brochures/AN-135-IC-Inorganic-Anions-Wastewater-AN71371-EN.pdf


An overlay of chromatograms of unspiked and spiked wastewater containing AOX by

CIC using a Thermo Scientific™ Dionex™ IonPac™ AS18-4µm column and a Dionex

Integrion IC System.

Adsorbable Organic Halogen (AOX) in Waste WaterColumns: Dionex IonPac AG18-4μm Guard Column, 4 × 30 mm Dionex IonPac AS18-4μm Analytical Column, 4 × 150 mm Eluent: 30 mM KOH Eluent Source: Dionex EGC 500 KOH cartridge with CR-ATC 600Temperature: 30 ˚CFlow Rate: 1 mL/minInjection Volume: 100 µL Detection: Dionex AERS 500 suppressor, 4 mm, recycle mode, 75 mA

Peaks (A): 1. Fluoride 0.0425 mg/L 2. Chloride 1.90 3. Bromide 0.340

Peaks (B): 1. Fluoride 0.543 mg/L 2. Chloride 3.92 3. Bromide 0.908

-50

µS

50

8642 10

1 3

2

0

B

A

Minutes

Learn moreDetermination of Adsorbable Organic Halogen in Wastewater Using a Combustion IC

Table of Contents





References

https://tools.thermofisher.com/content/sfs/brochures/AN-72333-IC-Adsorbable-Organic-Halogen-Wastewater-AN72333-EN.pdf

Find out more at

For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures. AI72824-EN 0818S

Oil and Gas Products

Oil and Gas Information

Oil and Gas Analyte Blogshttp://analyteguru.com/oil-gas

Table of Contents

IntroductionPetroleum & Natural Gas

Industrial Water Process



Industrial Water ProcessesHSS in Scrubber SolutionsAmines in Boiler & Cooling Water

Water AOX in Waste Water

References

Additional Resources

[email protected]

http://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home.html

http://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/industrial/manufacturing-processing/oil-gas-testing.html?CID=fl-CMD-oil-gas-testing

http://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/industrial/manufacturing-processing/manufacturing-processing-learning-center/power-energy-information/oil-gas-information.html?CID=fl-CMD-oil-gas-information

http://analyteguru.com/oil-gas/

oil & gas application notebook

Documents