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OIE Pathway for declaration of disease

freedom

Presented by;

Waseela Ashraf (Mphil-2015-1119)

Muhammad Asif (Mphil-2015-1435)

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World Organisation for Animal Health

• an intergovernmental organisation• founded in 1924 by 28 countries • predates the U.N.

Common name adopted by the International

Committee on May 2003

General Mandate:

To improve animal Heath worldwide

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2950

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167 Membre Countries167 Membre Countries

Americas: 29 – Africa: 50 – Europe: 49 – Middle East: 13 – Asia: 26Americas: 29 – Africa: 50 – Europe: 49 – Middle East: 13 – Asia: 26

Objective

• Transparency • Scientific information• International solidarity • Sanitary safety• Promotion of VS• Food safety • Animal welfare

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PROBLEMPROBLEM

SpecialistCommissions

ReviewReview

Advice of experts or other Advice of experts or other Specialist CommissionsSpecialist Commissions

Draft textDraft text

COMMITTEE

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AdoptionAdoption

COMMITTEE,COMMITTEE,COMMISSIONS,COMMISSIONS,

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OIE INTERNATIONALOIE INTERNATIONALSTANDARDSTANDARD

Development Development and updatingand updatinginternational international standardsstandards

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Official recognition of disease status

Since 1998, the OIE has the mandate from the WTO to officially recognize disease-free areas of countries for trade purposes.

The procedure for the official recognition of disease status by the OIE is voluntary and applies currently to six diseases:

African horse sickness Foot and mouth disease Bovine spongiform encephalopathy Peste des petits ruminants Classical swine fever Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia Rinderpest

Official recognition of disease status……Importance

Greater significance for international trade.Confirmed the OIE’s mandate to recognize disease-and pest-free areas based on the SPS Agreement.Enhance its commercial attractiveness in the eyes of potential or existing importing partners. Granting, suspension and recovery of official disease status are handled in an objective and transparent manner, governed by the Standard Operating Procedures

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Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD)

Highly contagious viral disease of livestock with significant economic impact. The disease Affects cattle and swine as well as sheep, goats, and other cloven-hoofed ruminants.FMD is endemic in several parts of Asia, most of Africa and the Middle East. In Latin America, the majority of countries are recognized free of FMD with or without vaccination, and the disease remains endemic in only a few countries.

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What is being done to prevent or control this disease?

Enhanced with stringent import and cross-border animal movement controls and surveillance. Maintain sound biosecurity practices to prevent introduction/spread of the virus. Measures that are recommended at the farm level include control over access to livestock by people Monitor and report illness appropriate disposal of manure and dead carcasses.Planning for potential outbreaksThorough disinfection of premises and all infected material (implements, cars, clothes, etc.)

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Disease-free Status

FMD is the first disease for which the OIE established an official list of free countries and zones. Categories for FMD disease status include:

• FMD free without using vaccination

• FMD free with use of vaccination

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Rinderpest

Rinderpest, also known as cattle plague, is a contagious viral disease affecting mainly cattle and buffalo.

There were attempts to vaccinate animals as early as 1744 in the Netherlands and England, and by the beginning of the twentieth century an effective vaccine was developed.

An outbreak of Rinderpest in Belgium in 1920 was the impetus for international cooperation in controlling animal diseases leading to the establishment of the OIE in 1924.

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Rinderpest

Rinderpest was declared as eradicated worldwide by the OIE and FAO in May and June 2011.Rinderpest has historically occurred in Europe, Africa and Asia. Nowadays it is restricted to a few zones in Africa and may in fact already be eliminated.

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What is being done to prevent or control this disease?

When rinderpest is detected in a previously free area, the full animal disease emergency response measures would include:

Movement control Destruction of infected and contact animals Disposal of carcasses and infective material Sanitation and disinfection

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Disease-free Status

Rinderpest is a disease for which the OIE established official recognition of the sanitary status of countries. The OIE has defined a transparent, science-based and impartial procedure for the recognition of Rinderpest disease status of Member Countries and Territories.

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Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)

BSE is a progressive, fatal disease of the nervous system of cattle. The disease has a long incubation period (average of four to five years) and there is currently no treatment or vaccine for the disease.BSE was first recognized and defined in the United Kingdom (UK) in November 1986..The disease then occurred in Europe, Asia, the Middle East (Israel) and North America.

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What is being done to prevent or control this disease?• Targeted surveillance of

occurrences of clinical neurological disease;

• Screening tests at routine slaughter• Transparency in reporting

findings of BSE• Removal of specified risk material

(SRM) (brain, spinal column) during slaughter and processing of carcasses

• Prohibit the inclusion of SRM in animal

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Disease-free Status

BSE is a disease for which the OIE established official recognition of the sanitary status of countries and zones.Categories for BSE disease status include:

• negligible risk • controlled risk • undetermined risk Details on the

OIE process for recognition of a country’s BSE disease status can be found at: OIE official ‘disease-free’ recognition procedures, Terrestrial Code

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Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP)

One of the three great historic cattle plagues of the world, (along with Foot and Mouth Disease and Rinderpest), CBPP was first recognized in Germany in 1693. Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is a disease of cattle and water buffalo caused by Mycoplasma mycoidesCBPP was known in Europe as early as the 16th century. It was spread throughout the world by increased international trade in live cattle in the second half of the 19th century.

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What is being done to prevent or control the disease?

Control strategies are based on the early detection of outbreaks, control of animal movements and a stamping-out policy.In Africa control of the disease is currently based mainly on vaccination campaigns. Treatment of affected animals with antibiotics can result in healthy looking animals that are still infected and able to spread the disease, so it is not recommended.Vaccination

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Disease-free Status

The USA has been free of the disease since 1892, the UK since 1898, Zimbabwe since 1904, South Africa (where the disease was introduced by the importation of infected bulls from Holland in 1853) since 1924, Australia since 1970s and China since the 1980s.

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African Horse SicknessAfrican horse sickness (AHS) is caused by a virus of the family Reoviridae of the genus Arbovirus.AHS is endemic in the central tropical regions of Africa. A few outbreaks have occurred outside Africa in the Near and Middle East (1959–63), Spain (1966, 1987– 90), Portugal (1989), Yemen (1997) and the Cape Verde Islands (1999).

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What is being done to prevent or control the disease

Establish strict quarantine zone and movement controlsEstablish vector control measuresMonitor for fever at least twice daily: place pyretic equids in insect-free stables or euthanize Annual vaccination Vector control

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Peste des petits ruminants

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR), also known as‘ goat plague’is a viral disease of goats and sheep characterized by fever, sores in the mouth, diarrhea, pneumonia, and sometimes death.The disease occurs in a band that spreads across Africa between the equator and the SaharaChina first reported the disease in 2007 and it spread into North Africa for the first time in Morocco in 2008.

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What is being done to prevent or control the disease?

Quarantine, movement control, sanitary slaughter, and cleaning and disinfection are applied. The virus is susceptible to most disinfectants. There are no medications available to treat the disease, but supportive treatment may decrease mortality.

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Classical Swine Fever

Classical swine fever (CSF), also known as hog cholera, is a contagious viral disease of domestic and wild swine. It is caused by a virus of the genus Pestivirus of the family Flaviviridae.CSF is found in Central and South America, Europe, and Asia and parts of Africa. North America, Australia and New Zealand are currently free of the disease.

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What is being done to prevent or control this disease?

Treatment is not attempted. In areas where the disease is endemic, vaccination can prevent the spread of the disease. In disease-free areas, a stamping out policy is applied consisting of early detection, movement control, proper disposal of carcasses, and cleaning and disinfection.

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Terrestrial Animal Health CodeTerrestrial Animal Health Code

Provides detailed recommandations of sanitary measures to be used by Chief Veterinary Officiers of Member Countries in establishing regulations applying to the safe trade of animals and animal products, while avoiding unjustified restrictions

Contains recommendations covering ruminants, swine, equidae, rabbits, bees, poultry, dogs and cats.

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Zoning and CompartmentalizationZoning and Compartmentalization

Regionalization: geographical ‘zoning’

Compartmentalization: ‘zoning’ on the basis of biosecurity in animal production systems

Role of wildlife in zoning and regionalization

Role of private and public sector

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THANK YOU

World organisation for animal health