OIE activities OIE activities in aquatic animal healthin aquatic animal health

Ricardo Enriquez S Dr med vetSecretary

OIE Aquatic Animal Health Standards Commission

Outlook

(Aquatic Animals Commission

meeting October 2008)

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Diseases listed by OIEDiseases listed by OIEChapter proposed by adoptionChapter proposed by adoptionOIE Aquatic Manual – delisted diseasesOIE Aquatic Manual – delisted diseasesNew Reference LaboratoriesNew Reference LaboratoriesNational Aquatic Local Point: Participation MC-National Aquatic Local Point: Participation MC-AmericasAmericasOn-going and new activitiesOn-going and new activitiesWork plan 2008 - 2009Work plan 2008 - 2009

OutlineOutline

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The following diseases of fish are listed by the OIE

- Epizootic haematopoietic necrosis- Infectious haematopoietic necrosis- Spring viraemia of carp- Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia- Infectious salmon anaemia- Epizootic ulcerative syndrome- Gyrodactylosis (Gyrodactylus salaris)- Red sea bream iridoviral disease- Koi herpesvirus disease.

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The following diseases of molluscs are listed by the OIE:

- Infection with Bonamia ostreae

- Infection with Bonamia exitiosa

- Infection with Marteilia refringens

- Infection with Perkinsus marinus

- Infection with Perkinsus olseni

- Infection with Xenohaliotis californiensis

- Abalone herpes-like virus disease

- Infection with Terabrasabella heterouncinata.

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The listing of the sabellid worm (Terebrasabella heterouncinata) will be proposed for adoption at the 77th General Session in May 2009

Replacement of the name ‘AVM’ with ‘Abalone herpes-like virus disease’

Diseases listed by the OIE

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The following diseases of crustaceans are listed by the OIE:

- White spot disease- Yellowhead disease- Infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis- Crayfish plague (Aphanomyces astaci)- Necrotising hepatopancreatitis2- Infectious myonecrosis- White tail disease1- Milky haemolymph disease of spiny lobsters (Panulirus spp.)1

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Diseases listed by the OIE

The Aquatic Animals Commission endorsed the Crustacean ad hoc Group recommendations to:i) De-list Tetrahedral baculovirosis (Baculovirus penaei) and Spherical baculovirosis (Penaeus monodon-type baculovirus);ii) De-list Hepatopancreatic parvovirus disease, and Mourilyan virus disease (currently listed as under study);iii) List Necrotising hepatopancreatitis (currently listed as under study);iv) List Milky haemolymph disease of spiny lobsters (Panulirus spp.) as an emerging disease.

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Crayfish plague Will be proposed for adoption at the 77th General

Session in May 2009

Diseases listed by the OIE

diseases in wild aquatic animal populations are more difficult to detect than in farmed populations, the self declaration of freedom should in general be based on historical freedom for at least 25 years or targeted surveillance for at least 5 years (compared to 10 years and 2 years as the default figures, respectively).

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The following diseases of amphibians are listed by the OIE:

- Infection with Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis

- Infection with ranavirus.

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Definitions (Ch. 1.1.1.)Diseases listed by the OIE (Ch. 1.2.3.)General obligations related to certification (Ch. 1.3.1.)Certification procedures (Ch 1.3.2)Quality and Evaluation of Competent Authorities (Ch 1.4.3.) Crayfish plague (Ch 2.3.7.)Example Article X.X.X.3; X.X.X.9; X.X.X.12 Necrotising hepatopancreatitis (Ch 2.3.X.)Milky haemolymph disease of spiny lobsters (Panulirus spp.) (Ch 2.3.X.)Model international aquatic animal health certificates Criteria to assess the safety of aquatic animal commodities (X.X.X.)Criteria to assess the safety of aquatic animal products destined for human consumption (X.X.X.)Welfare of farmed fish during transport (App 3.4.2.)Handling and disposal of carcasses and wastes of aquatic animals (App X.X.X.)

The table below summarises the Chapter updated that The table below summarises the Chapter updated that will be proposed to the OIE International Committee for will be proposed to the OIE International Committee for

adoption at the 77th General Sessionadoption at the 77th General Session

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Aquatic Code – Disease chapters Article 3 (commodities)

Article 2.1.4.3.Commodities1.When authorising the importation or transit of the following commodities, the Competent Authorities should not require any SVC related conditions, regardless of the SVC status of the exporting country, zone or compartment:a)From the species referred to in Article 2.1.4.2. intended for any purpose:i)commodities treated in a manner that inactivates the disease agent e.g. leather made from fish skin, pasteurised products and some ready-to-eat meals; and fish oil and fish meal intended for use in feed;ii)biological samples preserved for diagnostic applications in such a manner as to inactivate the disease agent.

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Article 2.1.4.12.Importation of aquatic animal products from a country, zone or compartment not declared free from spring viraemia of carp1. The risk posed by the following products destined for human consumption from the species referred to in Article 2.1.4.2. which have been prepared and packaged for direct retail trade is considered negligible:i) eviscerated fish (chilled or frozen);ii) fillets or cutlets (chilled or frozen);iii) dried eviscerated fish (including air dried, flame dried and sun dried).;For these commodities Members may wish to consider introducing internal measures to prevent the commodity being used for any purpose other than for human consumption.

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CRITERIA TO ASSESS THE SAFETY OF AQUATIC ANIMAL COMMODITIES IRRESPECTIVE OF COUNTRY DISEASE STATUS

CRITERIA TO ASSESS THE SAFETY OF AQUATIC ANIMAL PRODUCTS DESTINED FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION

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WELFARE OF FARMED FISH DURING TRANSPORT

HANDLING AND DISPOSAL OF CARCASSES AND WASTES OF AQUATIC ANIMALS

Will be proposed for adoption at the 77th General

Session in May 2009

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Manual of Diagnostic Tests for Aquatic Animals

Update on progress Sixth edition 2009

De-listed diseases chapters on de-listed diseases in a separate section.

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OIE-Reference laboratoriesThere are currently 27 OIE Reference Laboratories for aquatic animal diseases. Under the guidance of an expert whose

competence is recognised internationally, they function as centres of expertise and standardisation of diagnostic techniques.

As well, they may provide scientific and technical training for personnel from Member Countries, and coordinate scientific and technical studies in collaboration with other laboratories or organisations.

Twin lab

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New Reference laboratory

The Commission reviewed and recommended acceptance of the following application for OIE Reference Laboratory status:

OIE Reference Laboratory for crayfish plague (Aphanomyces astaci):

Finnish Food Safety Authority, Evira Kuopio, Neulaniementie 4, FIN-70210 Kuopio, FINLAND. Tel.: (+358) 2077.24962; Fax: (+358) 2077.24970; E-mail: satu.viljamaa-dirks@evira.fi; Designated Reference Expert: Dr Satu Viljamaa-Dirks

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Abalone viral mortality complex

Infection with Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis

Infection with Ranavirus

Necrotising hepatopancreatitis

Milky haemolymph disease of spiny lobster

Sabellid worm (T. heterouncinata)

Reference Laboratories…..

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National Aquatic Focal PointMC Americas: 29

MC Americas CommentsOctober’07 report : 2March’08 report : 3October’08 report : 1

48 in 2007app. 100 in 2008

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Terms of reference for national aquatic focal points

a) To establish a network of aquatic animal health experts within their country;b) To establish and maintain a dialogue with the competent authority for aquatic animal health in their country, and to facilitate cooperation and communication among several authorities where responsibility is shared;c) On behalf of the OIE Delegate of their country, to provide aquatic animal disease information to the OIE through WAHIS (immediate notifications and follow-up reports, six-monthly reports, and annual questionnaires);

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d) To receive from the OIE Central Bureau the Aquatic Animals Commission meeting reports and conduct the in-country consultation process with aquatic animal health experts on draft text proposed in those reports;

e) To prepare for, and submit to, the OIE Delegate of their country comments on each of the Aquatic Animals Commission’s meeting reports, for the Delegate to submit to the OIE Central Bureau.

Terms of reference for national aquatic focal points

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On-going and new activities

Harmonize OIE approaches to aquatic and terrestrial animal diseasesEvaluation of the Performance of Veterinary ServicesNew ad hoc Group on Safe Commodities derived from Aquatic AnimalsDevelop text on trade in aquatic animals vaccinated against listed diseases ,i.e. Infectious salmon anaemia and KHVD

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Review of Aquatic Animals Commission mandate regarding food safety

Recommendations to cover the food safety implications of aquatic animals and aquatic animal products

aquatic animal feeds, traceability of aquatic animals and products, antimicrobial resistance, and biotechnology related issues.

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Comments on this report’s Annexes III to XVI must reach OIE Headquarters by 6 February 2009 to be considered at the March 2009 meeting of the Aquatic Animals Commission.

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AQUATIC ANIMALS COMMISSION WORK PLAN FOR 2009/2010

Aquatic Animal Health Code Aquatic Animal Health Code

Ongoing review of the list of diseases Ongoing review of the list of diseases ReviewReview emerging diseases emerging diseases

Finalise revised disease Chapter for Crayfish plague Finalise revised disease Chapter for Crayfish plague

Prepare text for disease chapters for gaining and regaining freedom for compartmentsPrepare text for disease chapters for gaining and regaining freedom for compartments

Harmonise horizontal chapters with those in the Harmonise horizontal chapters with those in the Terrestrial CodeTerrestrial Code

Develop text on surveillance for VHS as a model for other individual diseasesDevelop text on surveillance for VHS as a model for other individual diseases

Finalise new Aquatic Animal Health Model Certificates Finalise new Aquatic Animal Health Model Certificates

Finalise new chapter on Handling and disposal of carcasses and wastes of aquatic Finalise new chapter on Handling and disposal of carcasses and wastes of aquatic animals animals

Prepare and finalise and chapters on welfare for farmed fish (excluding ornamental Prepare and finalise and chapters on welfare for farmed fish (excluding ornamental species)species)

Antimicrobial resistance in the field of aquatic animals – contribute to OIE workAntimicrobial resistance in the field of aquatic animals – contribute to OIE work

Identify commodities that can be considered safe for trade and be included in the Identify commodities that can be considered safe for trade and be included in the Aquatic Aquatic CodeCode

Consider development of text on trade in vaccinated fishConsider development of text on trade in vaccinated fish

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Manual of Diagnostic Tests for Aquatic AnimalsManual of Diagnostic Tests for Aquatic Animals

Update individual disease chapters using the new templateUpdate individual disease chapters using the new template

Revise chapter on methods for disinfectionRevise chapter on methods for disinfection

Prepare disease chapters for amphibian diseases Prepare disease chapters for amphibian diseases

Prepare disease chapter for AVM complexPrepare disease chapter for AVM complex

Prepare disease chapters for Necrotising hepatopancreatitis and Milky haemolymph disease of Prepare disease chapters for Necrotising hepatopancreatitis and Milky haemolymph disease of spiny lobsters (spiny lobsters (Panulirus spp.), and the sabellid worm if listing of these diseases is adoptedPanulirus spp.), and the sabellid worm if listing of these diseases is adopted

Revise introductory chapters for fish, mollusc, crustacean sectionsRevise introductory chapters for fish, mollusc, crustacean sections

MeetingsMeetings

Make presentations on the activities of the Aquatic Animals Commission at the conferences of Make presentations on the activities of the Aquatic Animals Commission at the conferences of the OIE Regional Commissions the OIE Regional Commissions

Be proactive in presenting the activities of the Aquatic Animals Commission at scientific Be proactive in presenting the activities of the Aquatic Animals Commission at scientific conferencesconferences

Other issuesOther issues

Keep the Commission’s web pages up to dateKeep the Commission’s web pages up to date

Consider new candidates for OIE Reference Laboratories for listed diseasesConsider new candidates for OIE Reference Laboratories for listed diseases

Provide input into the PVS to ensure its applicability to the evaluation of aquatic animal health Provide input into the PVS to ensure its applicability to the evaluation of aquatic animal health systems systems

Contribute to FAO/OIE Regional Aquatic Biosecurity Framework Project for Africa Contribute to FAO/OIE Regional Aquatic Biosecurity Framework Project for Africa

Provide input into the review of the OIE Handbook on Import Risk AnalysisProvide input into the review of the OIE Handbook on Import Risk Analysis

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World organisation for animal healthWorld organisation for animal health

12 rue de prony75017 Paris, France

Tel: 33 (0)1 44 15 18 88 – Fax: 33 (0)1 42 67 09 87Email: oie@oie.int

www.oie.int

www.oie.int/aac/eng/en_fdc.htm

Aquatic Animal Health Standards Commission

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Introduction to OIE Guidelines for the welfare of live aquatic animals

The AAC clarified that the scope of the guidelines is for The AAC clarified that the scope of the guidelines is for transport, slaughter, and destruction for disease control transport, slaughter, and destruction for disease control purposes, and therefore there is no justification for purposes, and therefore there is no justification for inclusion of the ‘three Rs’ in the text.inclusion of the ‘three Rs’ in the text.

(reduction, refinement, replacement)(reduction, refinement, replacement)

The AAC revised the proposed Introduction to clearly The AAC revised the proposed Introduction to clearly separate it into considerations, guiding principles, and a separate it into considerations, guiding principles, and a scientific basis for the guidelines.scientific basis for the guidelines.

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Bienestar animal

designa el modo en que un designa el modo en que un animal afronta las afronta las condiciones de su entorno. Un condiciones de su entorno. Un animal está en buenas está en buenas condiciones de bienestar si (según indican pruebas condiciones de bienestar si (según indican pruebas científicas) está sano, cómodo, bien alimentado, en científicas) está sano, cómodo, bien alimentado, en seguridad, puede expresar formas innatas de seguridad, puede expresar formas innatas de comportamiento y si no padece sensaciones comportamiento y si no padece sensaciones desagradables de dolor, miedo o desasosiego. Las desagradables de dolor, miedo o desasosiego. Las buenas condiciones de bienestar de los animales exigen buenas condiciones de bienestar de los animales exigen que se prevengan sus que se prevengan sus enfermedadesenfermedades y se les y se les administren tratamientos veterinarios; que se les proteja, administren tratamientos veterinarios; que se les proteja, maneje y alimente correctamente y que se les manipule maneje y alimente correctamente y que se les manipule y sacrifique de manera compasiva. El concepto de y sacrifique de manera compasiva. El concepto de bienestar animal se refiere al estado del bienestar animal se refiere al estado del animalanimal. La . La forma de tratar a un forma de tratar a un animalanimal se designa con otros se designa con otros términos como cuidado de los términos como cuidado de los animalesanimales, cría de , cría de animalesanimales o trato compasivo. o trato compasivo.

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Animal welfare

means how an means how an animalanimal is coping with the conditions in is coping with the conditions in which it lives. An which it lives. An animalanimal is in a good state of is in a good state of welfarewelfare if if (as indicated by scientific evidence) it is healthy, (as indicated by scientific evidence) it is healthy, comfortable, well nourished, safe, able to express innate comfortable, well nourished, safe, able to express innate behaviour, and if it is not suffering from unpleasant behaviour, and if it is not suffering from unpleasant states such as pain, fear, and distress. Good states such as pain, fear, and distress. Good animal animal welfarewelfare requires requires diseasedisease prevention and veterinary prevention and veterinary treatment, appropriate shelter, management, nutrition, treatment, appropriate shelter, management, nutrition, humane handling and humane humane handling and humane slaughterslaughter//killingkilling. . Animal Animal welfarewelfare refers to the state of the refers to the state of the animalanimal; the treatment ; the treatment that an that an animalanimal receives is covered by other terms such receives is covered by other terms such as animal care, animal husbandry, and humane as animal care, animal husbandry, and humane treatment. treatment.

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Introducción a las directrices para el bienestar de los peces de cultivo

Artículo 3.4.1.1.Artículo 3.4.1.1.Principios básicosPrincipios básicos 1 Considerando :1 Considerando :

Que la utilización de peces para la pesca de Que la utilización de peces para la pesca de extracción, la investigación y para recreo (por extracción, la investigación y para recreo (por ejemplo, especies ornamentales y acuarios) es un ejemplo, especies ornamentales y acuarios) es un factor importante del bienestar humano, yfactor importante del bienestar humano, y

Que existe una relación crítica entre la salud de los Que existe una relación crítica entre la salud de los peces de cultivo y su bienestar, ypeces de cultivo y su bienestar, y

Que mejorando las condiciones de vida de los Que mejorando las condiciones de vida de los peces, se aumenta a menudo la productividad y se peces, se aumenta a menudo la productividad y se obtienen por consiguiente beneficios económicos.obtienen por consiguiente beneficios económicos.

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2. La OIE elaborará directrices sobre el bienestar de los 2. La OIE elaborará directrices sobre el bienestar de los peces de cultivo (especies ornamentales excluidas) peces de cultivo (especies ornamentales excluidas) durante el transporte, sacrificio y destrucción con fines durante el transporte, sacrificio y destrucción con fines sanitarios aplicando los siguientes principios:sanitarios aplicando los siguientes principios:

a El empleo de peces conlleva la responsabilidad ética de a El empleo de peces conlleva la responsabilidad ética de velar por su bienestar en la mayor medida posible.velar por su bienestar en la mayor medida posible.

b La evaluación científica del bienestar de los peces de b La evaluación científica del bienestar de los peces de cultivo abarca una serie de elementos científicos y de cultivo abarca una serie de elementos científicos y de juicios de valor que deben tomarse en consideración juicios de valor que deben tomarse en consideración conjuntamente y el proceso de esta evaluación debe ser conjuntamente y el proceso de esta evaluación debe ser lo mas explícito posible.lo mas explícito posible.

Introducción a las directrices para el bienestar de los peces de cultivo

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Artículo 3.4.1.2.Artículo 3.4.1.2.

Principios científicos en que se fundan las directricesPrincipios científicos en que se fundan las directrices1 Para garantizar el bienestar de los peces de cultivo se 1 Para garantizar el bienestar de los peces de cultivo se

requiere, básicamente, recurrir a métodos de requiere, básicamente, recurrir a métodos de manipulación que sean apropiados a las características manipulación que sean apropiados a las características biológicas del animal, así como un entorno adaptado a biológicas del animal, así como un entorno adaptado a sus necesidadessus necesidades

2 Las piscifactorías cultivan numerosas especies, con 2 Las piscifactorías cultivan numerosas especies, con características biológicas diferentes. No resultaría práctico características biológicas diferentes. No resultaría práctico elaborar directrices específicas para cada una de ellas. elaborar directrices específicas para cada una de ellas. Las presentes directrices de la OIE, por consiguiente, Las presentes directrices de la OIE, por consiguiente, tratan del bienestar de los peces cultivados en general.tratan del bienestar de los peces cultivados en general.

Introducción a las directrices para el bienestar de los peces de cultivo

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Article 3.4.1.1.Article 3.4.1.1.Guiding principlesGuiding principles

Considering that:Considering that:

1. The use of fish in harvest or capture fisheries, in research 1. The use of fish in harvest or capture fisheries, in research and for recreation (eg ornamentals and aquaria), makes a and for recreation (eg ornamentals and aquaria), makes a major contribution to the wellbeing of people; andmajor contribution to the wellbeing of people; and

2. There is a critical relationship between fish health and fish 2. There is a critical relationship between fish health and fish welfare; andwelfare; and

3. Improvements in farmed fish welfare can often improve 3. Improvements in farmed fish welfare can often improve productivity and hence lead to economic benefits.productivity and hence lead to economic benefits.

Introduction to OIE Guidelines for the welfare of live aquatic animals

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2 The OIE will develop guidelines for the welfare of farmed 2 The OIE will develop guidelines for the welfare of farmed fish (excluding ornamental species) during transport, fish (excluding ornamental species) during transport, slaughter, and destruction for disease control purposes. slaughter, and destruction for disease control purposes. In developing these, the following principles will apply:In developing these, the following principles will apply:

a. The use of fish carries with it an ethical responsibility to a. The use of fish carries with it an ethical responsibility to ensure the welfare of such animals to the greatest extent ensure the welfare of such animals to the greatest extent practicable.practicable.

b. The scientific assessment of fish welfare involves both b. The scientific assessment of fish welfare involves both scientifically derived data and value-based assumptions scientifically derived data and value-based assumptions that need to be considered together, and the process of that need to be considered together, and the process of making these assessments should be made as explicit as making these assessments should be made as explicit as possible.possible.

Introduction to OIE Guidelines for the welfare of live aquatic animals

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Article 3.4.1.2.Article 3.4.1.2.

Scientific basis for guidelines1.1. The basic requirements for the welfare of farmed fish The basic requirements for the welfare of farmed fish

include handling methods appropriate to the biological include handling methods appropriate to the biological characteristics of the fish and a suitable environment to characteristics of the fish and a suitable environment to fulfill their needs.fulfill their needs.

2.2. There are many species of fish in farming systems and There are many species of fish in farming systems and these have different biological characteristics. It is not these have different biological characteristics. It is not practicable to develop specific guidelines for each of practicable to develop specific guidelines for each of these species. These OIE guidelines therefore address these species. These OIE guidelines therefore address the welfare of farmed fish at a general level.the welfare of farmed fish at a general level.

Introduction to OIE Guidelines for the welfare of live aquatic animals