ohio water environment association annual meeting · paa demonstration process - switch from...
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Ohio Water
Environment Association
Annual Meeting
June 18-20, 2013
City of Steubenville WWTP
“PAA” Demonstration
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PAA Demonstration
The City of Steubenville, Ohio
PAA - What is it and what isn’t it?
-“Fiction and Fact”
Target Pathogens
PAA vs. Chlorine Bleach/Dechlorination
Benefits of PAA
Steubenville PAA Demonstration
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SOLVAY Chemicals, Inc.
John Maziuk
Bob Freeborn
John Meakim
Chuck Murphy Assistant Superintendent
City of Steubenville
Wastewater Department
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Peroxy-acetic acid –
(aka Peracetic Acid or PAA)
“What it is and what it isn’t”
PAA
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Technology Outline
• What Exactly is Peroxyacetic Acid?
• How Does it Differ from Sodium
Hypochlorite Bleach?
• What else is Peroxyacetic Acid (PAA)
currently registered for? – EPA?
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What Is Peroxyacetic Acid /PAA
(Proxitane WW-12)
• PAA 12%
• Acetic Acid 15%
• Hydrogen Peroxide 18.5%
H2O2 + CH3COOH CH3COO-OH + H2O
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Peracetic acid (PAA) exists in an
equilibrium reaction between
hydrogen peroxide, acetic acid
and water:
O O
II II
CH3COH + H2O2 ↔ CH3COOH + H2O + ΔH Acetic acid Hydrogen Peracetic Acid Water Heat
Peroxide
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PAA vs. Chlorine Bleach
PAA Chlorine Bleach -“Green” Product - Carcinogenic/Mutagenic byproducts
-6-10 times lower dosage - High TRC for available “free” chlorine
-100% active, no pH effect below 8.5 - pH dependent, breakpoint concerns
-No need to “deactivate” - may require Dechlorination
-TSS/PAA correlations - TSS/Chlorine effected by other variables
-No effect with ammonia or organics - neutralized by ammonia and organics
-Effective odor control - chlorine residual vapors
-No degradation over time 24 mo. Min - looses concentrations over time
-100% effective up to 140F - breaks down with increased heat
-“Land Use” approved, no effect - oxidizes land and organic materials
-Diluted - No effect on PVC/CPVC - PVC becomes brittle over time
-Economically viable vs. chlor/dechlor - Higher cost with dechlor
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PAA
“FICTION AND FACT”
FICTION - PAA IS EXPLOSIVE
FACT – HIGH CONCENTRATIONS (35% AND GREATER) ARE
UNSTABLE AND AT TEMPERATURES ABOVE 55 C CAN
EXPERIENCE “SELF-ACCELERATING DECOMPOSITION”
FICTION – PAA IS CORROSIVE
FACT – IN IT’S “NEAT” FORM, IT IS CORROSIVE. IN PRACTICAL
APPLICATIONS FOR WWTP’S AND CSO’S pH DEPRESSION
IS APPROXIMATELY 0.1 pH UNITS
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PAA
“FICTION AND FACT”
FICTION - PAA is “TOXIC”
FACT – YES! IT IS EXTREMELY TOXIC AT LOW CONCENTRATIONS
(0.5-3 PPM) TO PATHOGENS
FICTION – PAA IS TOO EXPENSIVE
FACT –YES. POUND PER POUND VS. CHLORINE/DECHLOR IT IS.
APPLICATION USE AND DOSAGE RANGES FROM 8 – 10 TIMES
LESS MAKING IT MORE THAN COST EFFECTIVE. FEED
AND CONTROL EQUIPMENT COSTS CAN BE ¼ - 1/3 THE COST..
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PAA
IS
PAA
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TARGET PATHOGENS
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Fecal-coliform
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E-Coli
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Steubenville WWTP
PAA Demonstration
April 1 – 31, 2012
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PAA Demonstration
PURPOSE
- To replace chlorine and sodium bisulfite
- Reduce/eliminate THM’s and other chlorine
byproducts
- Be cost effective
- Meet NPDES Permit pathogen limits
- Flow pace chemical feed
- Determine lowest PAA residual to meet
permit
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PAA Demonstration
PROCESS
- Switch from Bleach/bisulfite to PAA but able
to turn it back on immediately
- Flow pace feed on North/South total flow
- Establish base feed rate of 1.5 ppm of PAA
- Track residuals every 2 hours on effluent
- Test daily for Fecal levels vs. PAA residuals
- Reduce feed dosages/residuals to meet
permit discharge limits for fecal coliform
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PAA Demonstration
PAYOFF
- Lowest PAA minimum feed rate quantified to
meet discharge pathogen levels required to
meet NPDES permit
- Acute “WET” testing at that level “Passed”
- Simplified feed system proposed with online
testing capabilities TBD
- Cost comparisons to Bleach/Dechlorination
favor PAA
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PAA Demonstration Results
- PAA feed rate of 0.6-0.7 ppm yielded
discharge residuals of 0.4 ppm
- CBOD remained “constant”, no impact
- Fecal Geomean below NPDES limits when
PAA effluent discharge above 0.4 ppm.
- Complete flow paced PAA feed acceptable
for residual and pathogen control.
- PAA >25% less costly than chlorine and
dechlorination
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PAA Trial – March 27 to April 26, 2012
Fecal Coliform vs. PAA Outfall Residual
0.0
200.0
400.0
600.0
800.0
1,000.0
1,200.0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112131415161718192021222324252627282930
Daily Testing
Fecal
Co
lifo
rm
(CF
U's
/100m
l)
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
PA
A R
esid
ual
(pp
m)
Fecal Coliform PAA Residual
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Fecal Coliform Deactivation
0.00
50.00
100.00
150.00
200.00
250.00
300.00
350.00
400.00
0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.55
PAA Residual (ppm)
GE
OM
EA
N F
ecal
Co
lifo
rm
(CF
U's
/100m
l)
Fecal Coliform
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Chlorine/Sodium Bisulfite Test Test Period: May 16-31, 2012
Secondary Flows: 4.22 to 6.88 MGD
Liquid Chlorine Usage/Control: 2.75 – 4.56 ppm
67.28 to 111.63 gpd
Liquid Sodium Bisulfite Usage: 100.92 to 162.09 gpd
The test determined a 42% projected savings at these
theoretical feed rates. When comparing the cost per 1000
gallons of treated water for 2011 usage of chlorine and
sodium bisulfite, there was over 25% theoretical reduction in
costs using PAA.
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Date Secondary Fecal
(CFU/100ml) Effluent "Summer"
(CFU/100ml) PAA Resid Effluent
(ppm)
5-Jun 3300 56.3 0.53
6-Jun 2500 40.3 0.49
7-Jun 2100 32.7 0.82
11-Jun 900 30 0.49
12-Jun 2500 51.7 0.44
13-Jun 2400 54.3 0.33
14-Jun 2000 70.3 0.32
18-Jun 8400 34.3 0.52
19-Jun 52000 166.7 0.38
21-Jun 31000 86.3 0.42
25-Jun 27000 39.3 0.55
26-Jun 32000 60.3 0.38
27-Jun 21000 67.7 0.45
28-Jun 8800 32.3 0.45
City of Steubenville WWTP
PAA Demonstration (June 2012)
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PAA Demonstration
NEXT STEPS……
- Initiate permit modification (Winter 2013)
- Initiate temporary changeover from
Bleach to PAA (Spring 2013)
- Design Bulk feed system and install
- Test on-line residual PAA capabilities
- Conduct Excessive Wet Weather tests
with PAA on overflow