1 '

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PR'CC: OH~ SU1Ll.JtlC.3RD NOVEru'iBE~. 1950.mo. 44.-){LVIII·

Sped•• Diwali Number I N DIAN OPINION

WE BOW TO YOU ON THIS AUSPICIOUS OCCASION AND SEEK YOUR BLESSINGS

:utl ~~ :ot.et~~ =ut"li :utl-q~ .-{+t.-{ ~~~ ~:Ut ~~ :ot.l~lCll~ ~l<ll~ .Jl.:Ui

Mahatma Gandhi

~C!f'l.l ::Ill~!t:>

, Hinduism and all other religions are being weighed in the b,oI'mce. Eternal truth is one. God alsois one. Let everyone of us steer dear of conflicting creeds and customs and follow the str:tight pathof truth. Ooly then shall we be true Hindus. !\[any styling themselves ~al1lltrwis stalk tht: e<lrth.\Vho knows how few of them will be chosen by God? God's Grace shall descend on those who do His

will and wait upon Him, not on those who :.imply mutter 'Rama Rama. "-Gandhiji.

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I N DIAN OF'I NION Special Diwali Number

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WE BOW TO YOU ON THIS AUSPICIOUS OCCASION AND SEEK YOUR BLESSINGS

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Kasturba Gandhi

"Kasturba was not a literary scho'ar nor eQuId she make public speeches. But she fully symbolised theplace of a woman occupied in the ancient Hindu culture. Her name would go down in history withthose of Ahalya, Tara, Draupadi and Situ. If we continue to do selAess work, anI). then shall we makeourselves worth) of receiving: the blc9!lings of Kasturba."

-Sardar Patel while layIng the foundation stone of .Kasturba Gram, headquarters of Kasturba candbiMemorial Trust, which is being built five miles from Indore at a cost of about two million Rupees.

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No. 44-VOL.-XLVII1. FRIDAY 3RD NOVE\IUCR, 1950

FnlDAY 3nD NOVEMDEU. 1950

Divali And New Year

~nbtlln QOptnton

Our SpecialNumber

"I shall meet with the busy­body, the ungrateful, arroganr,de~eiptful, envious, unsocial.All these things happen to themby re:lson of their ignoranceof what is good and evil. ButI who have seen the nature ofthe good that it is beautiful,:lDd of the bad that it is ugly,and the nature of hIm whodoes wrong, that ir is akin tome not [only] of the sameblood or seed, but that parti­cipates in [the same1intelligenceand [the same] position ofthe diviwty. I C,lD neitherbe injured by :lny of them, forno one can fix on me what isugly nor can I be angry withmy kin;man, nor hate him.For we are made for co-opera­tion like feet, like hands, likeeyelids, like rows of the upper:lnd lower teeth. To actagainst one another then iscontrary to nature, and it isacting against one anOlher 10

be vexed and to turn away,"• ••••••• D.~~&C•• ~=c •• n.~

i

:

The publishers have great:pleasure In presenting to:the reader, with Divali.Greetings and good wishes:

• for a Bright and Happy New:: year, this Divali Special:; Number. We had stated:~ that we did not intend to:i bring out any Special Num-:~ ber this year but that we:! would pl..ce before the read-:; er some useful .. nd inter-:i esting reading. Thanks to:~ the co·operation and help:~ of our small staff, who has:; worked most willingly and:~ energetically, and thanks:: to the merciful God, we:i have been able to produce:: this as our humble Divali:!and New Ye~r gift to our:=subscribers and friends. We:i hope they will appreciate it:i as a token of our labour of:. .; love and overlook any short- :I comings that they may:: detect: in it. :I •

~••• I•••••••••••••••••••• ~

gress. They can claim

to have achieved much in

re~ard to moral and

spiritual progress too. The

country is fast getting rid of

the curse of drink, gamb­

ling and untouchability. All

the three are now legally

prohibited. In contrast to

that in South Africa they

are, in one way or another,

being' legally sanctioned!

But though there is legal

plOhibition in India it does

not necesiiarily follow th,lt

the people have completely

discarded those evils from

within themselves. It is re­

grettable to note too that the

relations between Pakistan

and India are still strained

and the Kashmir question is

still unsettled.

Then we find that the

curses of earthquakes and

floods have fallen heavily

on I ndia. This should rillus with grief and humble

us and make us reJlect

whether we are not lacking

in our faith in God and in

our obedience to His laws.

Vie who desire the end of

all wars and long for peace

to prevail thrpughout the

world have to work for that

in our own individual lives.

There can be nothing

better on this great and sac­

red occasion than to medi·tatc over and to try honestly

to imbibe the followingwords of Marcus Aurelius,

which we offer to our

readers with hearty Divali

greetings and a prayerfor a bright and happy

New Year:

certainly make things asbad as they were undertbe demon Ravana. \Ve

should therefore be contentand thankful to God thathe has been merc:ful to us.Thl'n the question we have

to ask ourselves is, what pro­gress have we made morallyand spiritually during thepast year? That questionm:l.kes us pause and thinkdeeply., The answer doesnot readily come to us.We must admit that, in thistest we have been foundwanting. Not only the pro­gress of the Ii indus or ofan}' p'articular section, butof the whole world isdependant, not so milchon the material but on themoral and spiritual strengthmankind has achieved.In regard to· that, we findourselves on the verge ofbankruptcy. '-'Ve must behumble enough to admitthat as a part ofhumanity, weare as much responsible asanyhody else for the evilsthat prevail in this and inother parts of the. world.To the extent that we havenot conquered hate, greedand prl'::judices which arerooted within us, we are re­sponsible lor the evils per­petrated in this land by thepresent Government andfor the bloodshed that is go­ing on in Korea. \Vhen welook beyond our realms andthink of o~r !'Ilotherland,India, we find that our re­vered leaders there havemade wonderful strides inthe country's material pro-

ilH E Hindu world willbe celebratin~ theirDivali Festival on

Thursday, November 9. Itis as great a festival to theHindus as Christmas is tothe Christians. I t is a festi­val of lights in honour 'of thereturn bacf- to his th~one inAyodhya, his kingdom, ofthe conqueror, Shri R~ma,

after slaying R~vana, thegreatest demon of the age,who, by his unsurpassedarrogance and pride ofpower had become a curseto mankind and dared evento defy God. In otherwords it marks the triumphof Good over Evil. It is,therefore, a very sacredoccasion. It is also im­portant as it 'marks theending of another year fol­lowed by the dawn of a NewYear,

The Hindus will Oil thisoccasion review their doingsin the year that is about toend, count up their losse!;and gains and turn over anew leaf for the coming yearwith renewed hopes andfresh resolutions.

By a cursory glance overthe past year one would findth~t materially it has, on thewhole, not been a bad yearespecially for the Hindusin South Africa. It hasbeen one of happinessand sorrow. Nothing cala­mitous has however hap­pened excepting for theharsh laws that have beenpassed by the presentGovernment, which, whenput into operation, will

~peda1 DJwaU Number

ABOVE ALL-TRUTHBy L. W. Ritch

334

A FEW weeks ago 1 wrote anartide duwing attention to

a number of important factswhicb, taken together, constitutein my opinion what I ventured tocall tbe Mock in Democracy. Atthat date the Korean C3tDpaignb3d ooly just started. Anticipatingthe broadcasted threat of Dr.Syngman Rhec-South Koreans'President-to invade and conquerbill northern neighbour's terri­tory, made only a week or go

e<lrlier, tbe I:ltter, not very sur­prisingly, se~ed the initiative.

D.N.O, very correctly inter­posed. World conflagr.lfions havebad very much saL1l1er beginnings.As, of course, WJS inevitable aslong as the c.unpaigo did notdevelop into open world ~r be­tween tbe major powers, theinitial successes of the Northern­ers were short.lived; the ir.vadersare now the inv3ded and looklike finding themselves, willy­Dilly, under the decidedly un­democratic rule of Dr. SyngmanRhee in the near future.

WbOlt of :lmbition this dic­tatorw Ruler of the Soutb failedto achieve for himself, GeneralMcArthur of the U.S.A., pre­&umably under the authorisationof U.N.O. h:ls n:Jw achievedfor him. .. Reg:ltdless of thewisbes of the people of NorthKote;l :lnd even in defiance ofthem, the rulership of Dr.Syngman Rhee is to be forciblyimposed upon them. The latestexample of Democracy, NewStyle.

I am not returning to this sub.ject hecause of :loy sudden pte­ference for Marxism, Stalinismor any of the isms under whichdictatorship, tyranny and regi­mentadon so frequently deludeand ensl:1ve their victims, butbec:luse of my detestation ofwhatever savours of bumbug andhypocricy. Also, because Ishare tbe dre3d, frankly admittedby 'The ~Dd Daily Mail' in ;tsissue of October 23, thar "If rbeWestern Powers are not careful,they will 6.nd themselves im­posing the rule of military dicta­tors throughout Eastern Asia, inthe lUme of democr3cy and free­dom."

The d3nger thus envis3ged isby no me3ns im~ginary. Imperial­ism may no longer bc regardedfavourably or even tolerantly bythe great Western Powers, but avery obiectjonOlble and uDweltcmc

INDIAN

imposition of pressure by tbosePowers upon small Far Easternnations, in at least three instances,quite recently, on the ground ofstrategic necessity, can hardlyhave failed to somewhat perturbthe major Asian Powers, withwbom Asia for the Asi:1ns hasbecome a fundamental article offaith.

The retaliatory invasion byU.N.a. of Nonhern Korea cancertainly not be regarded assetting a good example. Theenforcement upnn the peopleof North Korea of a form ofgovernment to wbich they aredefinitely opposed can hardly beregarded as souad democraticpractice. On the contrary, itviolates the very root principle ofDemocracy and arms its enemieswith an argument to which therecan be no really satisfactoryanswer. The rejection of PaoditNehru's offer to act as mediatorand p~cifier is another uufortunatefeatule in a business which, whilebad in itself, might have beenturned into an object lesson toall onlookers and an eJUmple ofinconsistency between professionand practice. Formosa and Indo­Cbina furnish two other dis­quieting examples of interventionby the Western Powers un­doubtedly motivated by consi­derations of strategy, whereia thewishes of the peoples prim:lrlyconcerned 3re treated as of noaccount, and which, because ex­pediency seems to require it,violates every principle of Demo­cracy to tbe Nth degree.

The facts in both cases are too'well known to call for repetition.The one fact that stands out inboldest relief and which I reg:1rdas of most vital importance, is,that the peoples who shouldcount most of a11-tbe people, inI:3ch case, whose country it is;the people to he governed-don'tcount at all but arc regarded ~

mere pawo.s in the strategicmoves of tbe Grell Powersagainst eacb other.

This sort of thing may pos,iblyserve to prnve the advantal:es ofDemocracy wben honestly pr:1C­ti~ed, but it affords very un­convincing testimony of thesincerity of some of those pro.fessing it when it is thougbt by

OPINION

tbem to be necessary or profitableto abandon it for dictatorship.Unless it be maintained tbat whatis wrong for one may be rightfor another the establishment ofpuppet or sattelite states, whetherfor strategic or any otber reasons,can no more be defensible in thecase of the U.S.A. than in that ofthe U.S.S.R.

Additioo:al point is lent to thecriticism by the fact that in allthree of the Soutb Asian cascsmentioned, it is not even sug­gested that the form of govern­ment enforced from outside wasacceptable or that the opinions ofthe goveroed rl:3l1y mattered.

Quite apart from the respectivemerits or demerits of the con­fUcting ideologies it is not easy tounderstand why a WesternPower such as the U.S.A, shouldknow better than, saY.3n Orientalpeople such as the Chinese theform of government tbat is bestfor the latter.

The principles of Democracyhave nothing in commOD withMilitary Dictatatorship, Conver­sion to Truth has never yet beeneffected by force of arms. Theend, however righteous, does notjustify the adoption of unrigbteousme3ns,

ImperWism or its first cousin"Spberes of lofiuence" imposedupon defenceless peoples inthe interests of political orcommercial expediency doesn'tsmell any the less offensively be­cause it is given another name.

And, tbe Four Freedoms, sorightly inserted to Democracy's'banner and revered by all Menof Goodwill, is no less RigbtDoctrine in Korea, Formosa andIndo·China than it is in theU.S.A., the Balkans, Greece, oreven South Africa.

The GovernmeDt of Indi2 hasvery rightly declined to lend itsapproval to the chasin!: of theNortb Koreans beyo.nd tbe 38thp1t;lllel, quite reasonably fe<lringtbat sucb action is Dot nnly likelyto lead to an extension of theconflict but to set a bad precedentinstead of a good example. PanditNehru's Government has adopteda similarly consistent attitude inregard to Indo-Cbin:1 and For­mcs:,,-Government of the People,by the People, for the People.

Rigbt for right sake, is sOWld,profitable statesmatlShip.

Hypocrisy aUy be a form ofhomage Vice pays to Virtue butin the end it inevitably recoib 011

itself. All Man's striving! andstrugglings for prosperity, bappi.ness and peace are, if rightlyunderstood, just searchings fatTruth, Aut venial, aut nihil(other than Trutb, nothing). ITheonly tbing Cor think) of any real,Luting value, ill that that is true.

And th4t searching, tbat gropingafter Truth is in turn nought butMan's search for God, the .sub­stantive ultimate Reality; Mao'sefforts towards sell-reali:latioo.

Our experiments with un-Truthare Dumerous and various. They

occupy vast expanscs of Time. Itmay be th.at they are Dec~so that we sbaIJ become we atlong last, wise in knowledge, wisein action. Meanwhile, it is beingmore and more vividly broughthome to us that good brings ~ood,

evil tetur.o.s evil; that .sucb isGod's inescapable Law, and thatonly the fool deceives himselfwith tbe notion that God is everrc.alJy mocked.

WAR AND PEACElVere half the power that fith

the world with terror,Were half the wealth bestowed

on camps and c:curts,Given to rtdum Ihe Iwman

mind from error,There were n() need of arsenals

or foTts.

The warrior's name would bt'a name abhorred!

And every nation, that should. lift again

Its hand against a brother, onits foreluad

lVould wear for ever more Ihecurse of Cain!

Down the dark luture, throughlong gt:1Urations,

The echoing sounds grow lainterand tlun cease;

AJUl like a bell, with solemn,swut vibrations,

1 hear once more the voice 01Chrut say, "Peace!"

Peaa:! and no longer froTTl itsbrazen portals

The blast of War's greflt organshakes the skies!

But beautiful as the songs ofthe immoTtals,

The holy mdodiL$ of Love ar;Je.

-Longfellow.

Special Diwali Number I N DIAN OPINION 335

[The following article appeared In the • Ilanga Lase Natal' nearly forty years ago. It isas fresh to·day as it was then, It is reproduced here in the earnest hope that

it will catch the eye of the Bantu people and act 3.5 an inspiration.-Ed. 1.0.]

A BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH

MOHAMMAD MAQBOOL SHERWANJ

A LL the nations in SouthAfrica ate pushing Otl ever

farther and fatlber alotlg thepath of material progress.Great cities are springing up -inour midst. Railways arc unitingall parts of tbe country together.Ports. roads. bridges. are ex­tended and constructed every·day. All is energy. develop­ment. progress. The Bantualone stand still. Wake up,Bantu, wake up I

It is true that, in all thiswonderful development, youhave had your very large sbare,but only in the form of un­•killed labour. It is true tbatyou have been eogaged in farm­iog the land, but here againyou ha.ve used only most anti.quated Ilnd clumsy methods. Iti, true that you now havesebools, but you fail to see whatroad to pursue when s.~bool daysate ove.. You ask for stillhigber schools and (or colleges.but if tbe whole Bantu racewere to sit in school, theirland, tbeir beautiful land, wouldfall to Juin I Every civilisationin tbe world bas been evolvedDot out of books, but out oftbiDgs. Every civilisation intbe world has been built up,bit by bit, by the need for foodand tbe need for tbio~s. Thepath 01 progress dpes not lie inbuying a white loaf of breadand eatiDg it, but out of leam.iog to grow the corn Bndgrindiog it; not in wearingclothes but in weaving them;not in )ivin~ in a square bousebut io buildi[l~ it. A~ricu1ture IProduction I Let those be your.....atch.words. Not by herdin~

ioto cities Bnd mines, there todepend on tbe false glitter andexcitement of city life and topick up its vices CQn we serveBnd save our land, but in livingtbe same and wholesome life ofthe country, tbere to Itrow ourfood Bnd labour with our handsto satisf~' tbe decent necessitiesof life. The Baotu cannot hopeto sit on the top of Westerncivilisation and escape thetoilsome ladder by which thatcivilisp.tion bas been reached,While he sits in his schools, orwhile he goes off to his unskilled

,labour in the cities, his land, his. beautiful untilled lanrl, will

slip away from him. If be laysup bis ODe talent in a napkin,it will be token Itom him and~iveD to him tbat bath tentalents. Even if no Agricul­tural College, 00 TecbnicalInstitute, as yet is established10 make the patb easy, still, gobloCk to the counhy; use your

WAKE UP BANTU

reading for improvement, yourwriting for asking information.Learn from books, learn Iromotben, learn by the use of youreyer, Tillage, carpentering,weauing, bouse building, water.Iltorin~-lhe5e are the paths ofcivilisation io tbis as in everyother land. Malee your beautifulcountry blossom as the ros!!, andso earn the gmtitude and ad­miration of tbe best of thewhite race B' well BS the salva.tion of your own. And \Vorl; outyour salvation in your own way.In dress, in food, in home, ineustomsevohe in. ways suitedto the simple, beautiful country

BORN in :1 poor Muslim familyof Baramulla, about 34 miles

from Srinag'ar. 1I10dh, MaqboolSherwani was acth'ely :u:so­ciated with the mo....ement forKashmir's liberation since hisearly boyhood. A staunch fol­lower of Sheikh Mohd. Ah­dullah, even'in his school days,he participated in each amievery strug~le launched hyhim and was arrested anumber of times. 'Vhile stillin teens he became the mo\'in~

spirit of the org:anisation in thispart of the Valley and led anumber of peasants' stnt~~le'i

ag"ainst the landlords.

Howe,'cr, it W:lS in 1944 thathe shot into prominence whenthe Muslim« of naramul1:l, un­der his leadership, rcfused tobe moved by communal politicsof the MlI"lim League e,'enthough the late ?Ir, M, A.Jinnah held a pllblic meeting"there. DcspiLc "I r: Jinnah'sappcal in thc name of re1ig-ion,the audience showc,l their di,,­plea«ure :It the rcmark« a~:linst

Shcikh 1\1HIIIlJah and the Na­tional Conference. It was thcfirst instnllcc when a 1Illlslimg'atherin~ in India had ques­tioned Mr. Tinnah's authorityto speak on behnlf of Indian?<luslims,

The news of this meeting wa"«pla«hcd in the Prc,s all overIndia amI the Muslim Le:lC:llePress and followers felt bittcran<1 expresse<1 iolent feeling-sag<linst Sherwani. Suhse­quently, soon after this inci­dent. reports came one mornin~

of Sher\\,ani's narrow escapcfrom the hands of :l band ofMuslim Leag'tlers ,,-ho had at­tacked him with nxes 'and

life you hope to lead. Let Ihename "Zulu" still stand forwhat is manly, strong and pure,Do Dot be led aWAy by falselights. but follow tbe best ofmodem cries, "Backl to theLandt"· Not there to shlgnRtein the old morass from whichyou are boping to escap~, butto 0. Dew life of eager toil andbope, in pusbing up ~ver up.ward nnd onward. Wake up,Bantu, wake up I

With GOd';i help, and witbour honest endeavouJS, we willsucceed, "Each for all and allfor eacbj" Jet that be ourmotto•

kni\'es !:Itc in the ni:;:-ht whilehe was retllrning homc froll\the Di~trict National Confcr­cnce hea<1quarters, lIe h;\(1 cs­caped by jumping' into a ri"eran<1 swimminj.! :lcross to safety:

Hunger StrikeDurin;::- thc .. Quit Kashmir"

movemcnt launched by the N:I­tional Conferencc in 19-«).Sher"an; camc once ag-ain intolimclig-ht \\ hcn he bafflcd theSt:lte "Iilitary :In<1 Police bydodg'in~ arrest :lnd working­.. untlerl<Totlnd " for ahollt twomonths. E,'en in,i<le thc jailhi" rchellion" ~pirit \\"ould notallow him to he idle and hetook liP cudg-cls for the onlin­:lry pri"oner<; and WCllt on ahunJ::;er "trike t(l g-el thei. lotimpl0\'er!. Hclea"ed from jailgoon Olfler ~heikh Abrlullah'srelca.c in Octohel', 1947. hc hadhanlh' settled do\\ n when thetrihai I aider" from Paki.t:lnin\ ad<.:d "a,hmll. '('nlh (Ifhundred, r,i n"l1-~ru,lil1l refn­t!CC'" ih·j, (,Il oul e.f their hotne"'hy tht.: 1airier_ in :.\ln~aliaraha(1

C:lllle to Baratnlll1Ol. hl'ing-ing­thcir \\'oeful LaIc" IIf the l:1i<lers'atrocitic'.

She. wani Ilroug-ht relicf andsuccour to his unfortnnatchrethrcn. who hatl «ufTered «0heavily Olt th(' hand« of hi. co­rcli~ioni"t",

1\lca11\1 hilc, Sheikh Ahtlullah~:l\'C a cbrion call to the peopleto rise in defence of theirconntry. A Peoplc's 1\Iiliti:lwas org-ani"cd and the JI1(linuArmy came to the help ofK:lshll1ir.

Dy then, the r:liclcrs had oc­cupied'Daramulla an<1 laid it intllin~. Thc r:liders m:Hle a

'flltile' «caTch for Sherwani, who.howc\·er. had escaped to Srin­ag-ar to join the resi5tancef[ln'e~ there, Hc lcd a nllmhcl'olf dctaclllllCnt" of militiamcnII hid. tOil red t1i1re'rclll arcas ill­stilling- confidcnce in Ihe peoplc.

MartyrdomOn a f:lteful day while he was

on onc such tour in Sambal, avillage about 16 milcs fromSrin:lgar, he fel1 into the hand!!of thc miders who dragged himto Dar:llnulla, There he was:lsked to re,'eal the positions ofthe Indi:lu Army and the Na­tional Militia, which he rcfuse<1to do, Indignant 3t his bluntrclusal to comply with theirwishes, thc raiders <1ecided toaward him 3. " fitting" punish­ment. He was fastened to 3pillar in the Centrnl Square ofhis home-town. Even whilehlood was g-ushin~ throughseveral wounds he had re­ech'cd, he prefer(.ed death tothe bctrayal of his country, HeW:lS :tg-ain olTered ":lmnesty"if hc wOldd shollt the slog-an of"Down with Sheikh Abdullah,"To their utter fun' instead of5houting the sloga~, he sp:tt atthe fnee of the person standin~

hclore hil11, and shouted popu­lar slogans: "Hindu-Muslim­Sikh Ilihad," "Az:ld Hin<1ust:mZind:lbad." A yolley of shotshurst and pierced through hishe:lrt. The inhuman raiderswcre uot sati,fied with thi"much and "hot fourtecn timc":It the dead body of Sherwaniwhich thcy nailcd lip to a doorpost.

Though Sherwani i" dead, hisname has becom~ a legendthrOllghout Kashmir, His un­l1inchin~ loyalt)' to his countryan<1 his acts of heroism provideinspiration to tcns of hundred"of Kashmiris, YOllll~ and old. a"I11cmhcr" (',f the National Militiato-day st:lnd guard on the fron­ticrs of Ka.hmir. He is dead.but his spirit lives in the heartsof millions of Kashmiri people.p.T.r.

The Art Of Tribal India" Peoplc ,ometillles complnin

. about the poverty of IndianLribal :lrt. I ml'self h:lve beenstruck rather by its richness.It is not ca,y to fin<1: most ofit is hicldcn far :1\\'ay in the hill«or forc~t"; hut when it i" foullelit i« worth while,

"Indian :lbori;::-in:ll art ha"milch Lo he prolul of. It has awide"pread amI ancient tr:ldi.tion of orn! literature. which ise\'er bein~ recreated by the in­spiration of to-da)'; it/< dancing­j" 111ag-nificent. iLl< cnn'ing- andp:lintin~, thoug-h cru<1e, is ag-enuine expression an<1 fulfil­ment of tribal sensibility."

-Verrier ElwIn.-CoUTtcsy All lad/. Radio,

NOTES AND NEWS OF THE WEEK

Special Diwali Number

factory settlement but wouldhave I:ained tbe confidence ofall tbe people of Mia. ButPandit Nebru is unpopular withthe Western Powers at tbe mo­ment because he refuses totbrow India into the con'flict betweeo tbemselve:I andRussia. Therefore the issue isbeing allowed to slide.

All tbe iDdications show tbat-it will slide ioto tbe bands ofDr. SYDglD;\D Rbee, the Pre·sident of South Korea, 10 lact,be is already stretching out bisbands to I:rup it. And be is avery enlerprisinR mao. Ooly aweek: or so befort' the NorthKoreans invaded South Koreahe made a broadcast speech inwbicb he announced bis inten.tiOD of invading and conquringNorth Korea. To-day, 8J aresult of tbe North Koreaninvasion and tbe reaction ofthe Uoited States, be bas virtu·ally achieved that ambitioD.The Soutb Koreans are to ad·vaDce to the borders of Man­churia under the protection ofthe 'UDited Nations, and it isquite evident that they intend10 establish Iheir control overtbe wbole country witbout Bnyattempt to concilate or co­operate WIth the inhabitants ofthe nortbero part of it.

Dr. SyoglDan Rbee made itquite clear some tlme alto thathe rel{ard~ fre.b electiolls asunnecessary. 00 5aturday heremarked further that hisGovernment ""ould establisb itsaUlhority In North Korea"witbout UOlted Natioos oroUter ioterveotioo:'

T.rre outcome of tbe wboleaffair, then, WIll probably betbat the Unlled Nations WIll becommitted to maiutaning andsupporting him io coatrol 01the entire country, whether thepeople of tbe couDtry wanl himor Dot.

This is a curious victory fordemocrac~_ especially as Dr.S}'ngman Roee is not himselfa very democratic person. lOuone occasion, when bis parhameot refu~ed him funds. beappropriated Ihem by executiveorder in viol<llJOO of tbe consti­tution) BUl the pattern is be_coming familiar throughout tbe'/Far East, ",here again and againthe WesterD Powers are be·coming committed to tbe sup.port of rulers of dnubtful qualityin tbe ioteres.s of their ownstralegy.

In formos3, (or example, tbecorrupt and inefficleIlt regimeof Cb.;'ng Kai.sbelc is lQaiDtaio.ed by Amef,cAn arlDs; io Indo­China II great effort is to bemade to keep in po ....er Baol..>ai, a mODarcb more celebracedtor his palroDa~e 01 nlgbt clubson Ibe Hivierllo than for BUy".lIt~w ..uhll.e achlevemenl.

The public would baveliked aD explanation fromthe InspeclioK' Officer as towhat prompted hIm totalr.e tbis st=p just at thitmoment wbe.. the whole aI­mostpbere was so tense and(ull of suspieloD. 11 the reaSODwas nol poli!ical what was it?

The KorellD Wllr-WhereIs It Leading To ?

fhus the "Rand D.lily Mail'daled October 23:-

Having woo their victory inKorea, the United Nationsobviously bave no idea what todo with it.

Their bett course wouldeerlllillly have been to iavitePandit Nehru to act as amediator and pacifier. Thlltwould not only h.ve offered tbepotsibility 01' a really lialis.

OPINION

h99 abolisbed the colour barwbicb precluded membership tonon-Europeans. Until now tbennty Bar Association in BouthAfrica wbich did not operate acolour bar was that of CaJ:etown.Any non.European wbo i, ad­mitted to practice as a barristerin tbe Transvaal will now bavethe right 10 become a memberof tbe Society of Advocates inJohannnsburg.

Partial Boycott Of St. JohnAmbulllDce Brigllde

Non European fir9t aid wor.kers staged B partial boycott ofthe Rnnual in9p~ctioD of tbeSouthem Natal and ZululandDistrict of the St. Jobn Am­bulance Brigade in Durban inprolest aga.iost the decision tohold "ApBrlb~jd" pararle~. Allmembers of tbree divisions ic­cluding Bantu employees of aDurllsn til m and Colourednurses and cadets, failed to putic all appearance. A MunicipalNative unit bad hltlf its mem­bers abseot, one Bantu nursin~

dlVisioD was at 75 per centstrength and all other divisionson parade were depleted. Manyof the absentees sent leiters,framed in similar terms, sayIngtbey could not atteod o ..io~ to"circumstances t-eyond tbeircontrol." ::>t. J oho officers badno doubt tbat the boycott hadbeen or!1aoised. Brigadier W.H. du Plessis, Directol-Generalof Medical ~ervlces, who wastbe inspecting officer, said:" Chere is notblng politicalabout tbo decisioD to boldseparate. inspections for Eurn­peans and non. Europeans, al·tbough some illnor"nt peoplemay want to make it an issue.co Tbere bas b~en no iostructioofrom tbe Minisler. I myselfinstituted tt.e procedure, but ithas been put into practice onlytbis year:'.

I N DIAN

by ,he Minister of the Interior,Dr. Donges, to investigate andrecommend the selling aside ofghettos on a racial basis. Inspec­tors with Fascist powers to enterpremise.s and barnes at any limeby night "r day, have set to work.The Indian community faced theprobabilily, he said, of beingdriven out of Ihe country witbinthe next lew years. He thereforemade an urgent eleventh hourappeal to the United N:ationsto use its authority to avert thegrim tragedy of Fascist oppressionovewhelming Soulh Africa.

Ta.rnishing Nlltional HODourOf South Africll

Tbu. tbe 'Natal Mercury' inits issue of October ':17:

At a time wben nalionseverywbere are e:z.tendinl':' hu­man rigbts, Soutb Africa ISconstricting them in a futileattempt to dam tbe 6tron~ly

flowing tide 01 non. Europeanadvancement. What is morethe Government are emplo:,riogmethods which are tarolsh;r./{the national bonour 01 SoulhAfrica. This is not state,mo.n·sbip. It IS even mucb worsetban bungling loolhardiness.

. In tbe world as it is to· day nOundeveloped couDlry sucb asthe Union can bope 10 progressor to pr09per unless internallyit adheres to moral principlesand e.z:ternally enjoys inter­national respect, friendsbip andconfidence. Tbese are a natioo'shIdden assels, tbe true value ofwhich caD never be accuralelyasse.sed. But by their policiestbe Nationalists are callou91ydeshoyiug Ibis immense reos~rvoir of goodwill to the de~ri·

meot of tbe whole economicposition of South Africa:'

.. White Civilisation CIlDDntBe Built OD BrokeD

Promiees"-StrauBsThe United Party would 6gbt

in Padiamen[ tbe NatiooalilllS'to remove tbe Coloured voler 01the Cape from th!l common roll,said Mr. J. G. N. Strauss, PdrhD_mentary Leader o( tbe UnitedParty in the l'ree State, InBloemfontein on O~toter J1.

"We sbtlll not merely be fi~bt­

ing for tbe riJ;:hls 01 tbe Colouledpeople o( Ihe Cape:' he saId,"We shall also be figbun~

for tbe sanctity of the Coo­stitution and (or the honour andprestige o( tbe solemn word ofthe Wbite man, (or ynu canootbuild a White civilisation onbroken promises:'

Plealant NewsWhen tbe whole atmospbere

is cbarged with toe Ipintof A parlhe.id, it is nrypl.aslIlg to read tbat U.ll:Bar Asso::lation 01 JobanDesbur~

336

Dr. Y. M. Dadoo, Presidentof Ibe South African IndianCongress, in a telegram 10 Mr.Tygvie Lie, Secretary-General ofthe United Nalion', bas statedtbat the South African Indiancommunity was gravely :llarmedat tbe report thar some memberSI:lleS of tbe DOlled Nations bv­oured" resumption of talks bet­ween India, Pakistan and SouthAfrica on tbe Ind,an queStion,The Group Areas Act, he said,W.lS row in operation and a landTenure Board in terms of thebw had already been appointed

In so far as Dr. DODges's rder­ence 10 India is concerned, wewill nol venture 10 reply. TheGovernment of India are wellable to do so for themselves. Inregdrd 10 IllS reference I" SouthAfrica IS concerned Dr. Don!!es\Vas not qUite accurale in sayingthat the process of keeping thevarious secuons of Ihe CCommunityseparale was welcomed by Nalivesand Coloureds. It may have beenwelcomed, by a few who wereunder the ipfiuence of the Govern­menl, not by the commuOIties asa who:e. The Apartheid policyof the Government has been con­demned not only by the Indbns,AfrJc~ns and Coloured, but evenby all enlightened Europeans.\Vbile it is true that no groupareas b~d yet been dec13red undertbe Group Areas Act there is nodenying the fact tb~t the groundfor it is being prep~red. Com­munism was showmg its tacticsin Afric:> by internal e~ploitation

and incilemenr, said Dr. Donges.If agit~tioc ~C~inst tbe presentpolicy of the Government ~nd

putting up a light a;;:ainst it means'CommuOlsm then Dr. Danceswill b:>ve a very small minorily offollowers even among Ihe Euro­peans of Soulh Africa.

ON :lrriving at New York to takeover the leadershIp of the

Union delegation to tbe UnitedNations, Dr. T. E. Donges,Minister of the Interior, is report·ed to have told a group of news­papermen who interviewed him,that the process of keeping thevarious sections of the communityseparate was welcomed by theNatives and the Coloureds.India had broken aW3Y fromthe round table confer~nce lorwhich :lfrangements had beenmade to discuss the position ofIndians in South Africa. Indiahad used the Group Areas Act asan excuse to break aw;ty frC'm Ihisconference before the talks hadbegun. No group area had beendeclared un:ler the Act and hedid nOI tbink Ihat Ihe Act wouldmean any movement In respect of90 per cent. of the Union popula.tion. The process of lceeplOg thevarious sections of tbe communityseparale was an old one, :lDd IheGroup Areas Act merely a~sisted

IhaI process."

Sp.cJIII Diwali Number INDIAN OPINION 337

CC DEMOCRACY WilL NOT WIN THROUGHBY VIOLENCE"

R.W.S

SHADOWS AND LIGHT

Yet today llur souls are breatbing atomic lethal dust;Fluttering bats infest the sylvan prospect of our dreams;We seek to ease our anxious be3tts beside fear-sullied streams;And to armouries of terror our treasures we entrust-While eager youth that craves the sun finds only filtered gleams.

more than we ,bave doneour wealth, our service. ourenergy and our experience ...

The Koreans at tbe presenttime are seriously askin~ tbem·selves exactly wbat the libera­tion we offer them mean1.Tbeir country is being devas­tated. The Koreans are seeiogdtheir relatively small Ilhare ofweLilth of the world beiDI; des.troyed. rheir factories andtheir houses ale beiol( df"stroy..d;their villages nre beinl: ravished.

"These people are be,;inninl:' toaslla themselves whetber it wouldnot be better to remain, so tospeak. enslaved. than liLeratedat such R cost. They ask them.selves: \Vh'lt will h~ppen wheatbis war comes til an end?'Are tbey to have their bomesrestored; are tbey to bave offe.redto tbem compensation in aoyway commensurate with thedestruction and tbe bitterness,paid and suffering whicb theyhave endured? If tbey do notget aD answer, I am afmid thatinstead of tbe United Nationswinning that struggle for de­mocracy the position will beeven WOlse afterwards thanbefore.

What ever our point of viewmay be, we must cealise tbatour democracy and our allegedChristian civilisation will notwin through by reliance UpfJ!1violence or upon arms.

Yesterday, like vermin, we hid beneath the burrowed sod,Eluding thus. we prayed, the prowling hunters of tbe skies,Or scraped at piles of shattered brick, with doleful, dusty eyesTo salv;age muti~ted flesh, while thanks were offered God­By marksmen exulting in their successful enterprise.

Achievements pass, their sap withdrawn to leave a flimsy husk.Each dying age is filled with leaves tbat fell from all its years;And time a abapcless compost nukes of minglC'd hopes aod fears,Till scattered by the ceaseless wheel tbat turns from dusk to dusk­What matters, tben, our pigmy cries to heartless, cosmic spheres?

Such arc tbe sombre shades in which our mortal life now dwells,Yet to that fragmentary world we need not be confined;For Light reveals the vaster realm to which we :Ire assigned,Where fraternity has triumphed, as Son of Man fortells-Though born in tribulation from the womb nf human kind.

vinced, pbilosophically andideologically. about tbe truth ofCommunism ?

Great masses of the Russianswere bebind tbe Bolsbevist fljg,not because they bad read muchabout Karl Marx, but becausetbey are driveo on by bitterexperience..•

In a receat speech tbe Arch.bisbop of Canterbury...(said):

We who can see tbe black!tyranny of its (Communism's)creed fully revealed naturallydenounce it. But we mustfrankly realise that, in the FarEast, it can easily he seen notas a tyranny, but. at present, asa liberation. It does, indeed,offer in certaio condition., andbring about, a realease fromIiDcial evils too long aud un·heedingly accepted."

These words need to be care­fully llIept in mind.

We lay we are prepared tosacrifice our lives fOT the sakeof liberty. Are we prepared tosacrifice lome of our comfortand wealtb, our hibits andtraditions? There are somewho would far sooner give uptbeir habits.

l[ we are to induce millioosof Asiatic and African fellowhuman beings to turn to thedemocratic way of Iile tbenwe, for our part, must beperpared to exteod to them far

very well witb tbe principle.for whicb that war would befought. I( the Western Powersare Dot careful, tbey will findtbemselves imposing tbe rolenf military dictators throughouteastern Asia in the name ofdemocracy and freedom. Evenin these days that would seemsometbing of a paradox.

-R. W. SORENSEN, M.P.

courage and determination. Inbim we bad 8 great moralchallenge to our civilisationand to tbe world. He it waswho said, quite erplicity, thathe believed in non.violence; hewould far soooer his ownfollowers toola up arm, toovercome evil than that throughcowardice tbey ran away ...

I hope that an increasingDumber of people in aU landswill find an inner spiritualobligation to tread thil "moreexcellent way."

I recognise tbat pacifism. ioitl political sense, i. perbapspolitically unrealistic at tbepresent time, precisely becausethe great majority of peopleeitber do not understand oraiocerely and intelligently re­je<=t that pathway a5' beenirrelevant or. on tbe otber hand,8S being impotent...Tberefore..•the Government'. deci.ion isboth logical and consi.tent :nrespect of the opinion of themass of the people and also oftbe obligatioo5 incurred througbthe United NatiolU...

I tbink we tend to forgetthat eacb war il not like thepreceding one. Although warhas no doubt play~d its part inin the evolution of manllind ithas now reached tbe stage wbentbe accumulation of forces, thecrescendo of viollln~ il so great,so massive and so compre­hensive as quite probably todestroy tbe very thinjt' whichwe set out to prCllerve.

Supposin~ this possible wardoes break upon us, cau we becertain, after Europe is reducedto'rubble, tbat Communism willbe weaker than it is now?

Is it not much more likelvthat after !Iuch horrible devasta.tion Communism, wbich most,and possibly aU, in this Housedread, will grow strooger ~ndfiercer than ever-and not be.caus,: more people will be COlh

In aU tbese cases tbe claimsof the strategists have over­ridden every other consideration,lU2d tbe people have been reogarded as mere pawns in thegame. Tbis process may .per.haps be defended on tbe groundthat war is regarded as inevit·able, and that nothing mattersbut prepamtion for it. On tbeother hand it does not square

'the following interesting reoport of a speech by Mr. R. W.Sorensen (Lab. M.P. for Ley ton)is reproduced from 'Peace News'September 29~-

I CONFESS to having been.and to still being a personal

pacifist. I am con~iDced asever I was in that faitb. Ifenryone could accept that faithit would be possible to resisteven colossal systematised evilslike Nazism or the fanaticalintensity of Communism and,in the eod aher great sufferinl:and sacrifice, to win througb.

Altbnugb I believe tbat, idea­lly, it is tbe path tbat one daywe liball bave to tread in orderto overcome both individualand systematised eVIl, I re­cognise that that met bod iseztremely difficult to imple­ment; that it involves greafdi5cipHne, great sacrifice andgreat endurance at least rqUlilto any tbat is called for by war;and that frequently, even on thepart of those who couless our.selves pacifists, either per50nalor political, all tbat It involvesor implies is not always ap.preciated sufficiently.

1 would, however, submittbat it is neither cowardice norsentimentality tbat causes us totake up tbat position. Theotber day in France I wastalking to a young man wbo,although a paCifist. was a mem­ber of tbe Norwegian Resistancemovement. He was responsibleduring the war (or printingsome rO.9~ copies o( a weeklyjournal which was circulatedtb70ugbout the whole of Nor­way. On one occasion he wasdilicovered by tbe Germanp:llice and be described to metbe sufferingi imposed uponhim before be was at last reoleased. He IS still as fi,m apacifist as be was tben. Thatman undertoul< the task oldoing nhat he could to resistevil in bls owo counlry in hisown way.

8J<Dilsuly, no Olle wuuld reopUdlate the claim of tbose whobelieve Mahatma Gandhi tohave been a man of immense

338 I N DIAN OPINION Special Diwafi Number

BOOKS FOR SALE

OUR I~OJA (Cbildr(,D'~ etories by varioDs writera, iIloatrated)-Minoo Mll!!aDi 2 G

COTTAGE I~DUSTnJE3AND THEIR ROLE ININDIAN ECONOMY-Prof. Rao

SHA'I\-WELLS-Kr;YSES ONSTALIN-WEI,LS TALK (Verbatim Record)

GOLDEN ~UlllBEn.OF "INDIAN OPINION", 1914(Sollvenir of the Pssrivo Reaiatence Movement

in S.A., 190C 1914)

TOE DllAJJMAPADA OR THE WAY OF TRUTH

INDIAN STATESMEN (DewanJ aud Primo MinistenWith Portraiu)

INDIAN JUDGER (Bioj:!lsphicnlllod critical eket~bes

wi~b ):orlrlli_Ul)

EMNIENT AMEHlC:\N:, WHOM INDIA.SHOULD KNOW-.Jal.-ez T. Snnderland 11

THE BIIAOAVAIJ OITA_Tbe Lord's Song-(An J::nglish Traneh\~iou)-Aunie Besant

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TWO l1JBTORICAL TRIALS IN RED FORT

-An acconnt nC the trial.oC tbe Officers of tho I.N.~. 11 0

GUIDE TO THE PROBLEM OF INDIA-R. Palme Dot~ 6

WHY CRIPPS FAILED (Docnmented aroountlrom tbeIndian Nationalia~point 01 view)-M. SohrabmaDyan 2

OANDJU.JINNAH TALKS (Te.r.~ oC Corrl'Jlpondcnceand other relevftnt matter) 2 6

INDIAN SOIENTISTS (Diogrepbienl Skt!tchcaAn DCCOQD~oftbeir researcbes, di8COveries aDd invention. 1

PRA.CTICE AND PRfl:OEPTS OF JESUS-J. C. KOmllrllppa S

LIFE AND GOSPEL OF VIVBKANANDA-Romain RolInnd 13

WOMEN AND SOCIAL INJUSTIOE-~r.K. Oaodbi 10 0

GANDHIJl'S CORRESPONDENCE WITH THEOOV~RNl\tENT (1922·44)-M. K. Gandhi

TilE STORY OF MY ExPERIMENTS WITU TRUTH-M. K. Gandhi 16

OHRisTIAN MISSIONS IN INDIA(Tbeir place in IndiB)_M K. Glndhi

STORY OF SATARA-l\lajorB. D. Baln, iI.M.8.) 16

GANDHI AND GANDHISM (A remarkdblo stad1 ofGsndbi showing tbe methods nnd principles,

Volnmea t and 11-8- Pattabbi Sitarnm!ll1a, b<)tb 15

INDIAN OHRISTIANS (Biogr3phical and criticalBketchea or poets, pllblicists of ~be qhnrob)

THE STOny OF nARDOLI-Mahadev De8l\i

NON.VIOLENOE IN PEACE AND WAR-M. K. Gandhi 17

TALES FROM SANSKRIT DRAMATIST:::(The/amoD. playa or Bh84ll, SudclIka, Kalida!!l, Sri Hareba,

BbllV3hbnli and Vieakbl1datta) 6

INDIAN TALES OF-Full, Folly ond Folk loreFAMOUS PARSIS

lfAHATMA GANDHI (The Mlln; and bis Miseion, aDenlarged and up to date edition'of GaDdbiji'slite,)

-By various ,,"ten fi

SIIAKE:SP.EARE'S TRAGEDIES (King Leu, Macbtth,Hamlet and othello-William Miller :I

SOVIET ATTJTUIlE TOWARDS OHINAPac:tll And Facta-Stonley Powell f

AMONG THE OREAT (Oonvel"1llltion w:i~h Bomain Rolllnd,Mahatma Gandhi, Bertrand RU88ell, RabindraulltbTigore and Sri Aurobindo)--Dilip Kumar Roy

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WlIAT IS WRONG WITH mOlAN ECONOMIC LIFE?-Dr. V. K. R. V. Rao

TUE C.R.C.C. ANn IXUIA-A. N. Agnrwala

THE DELIVERANCE (A pic~nre of the palpitatiol; lifeof tbo joint family)

SA'I'YACRAIIA IN SOU'l'H AFRICA-M. K. Gr.ndbi 11

SEVEN MONTHS WITH MAnATMA GANDHIBeiDg nn inside view of the Non. co-operation

Movcment (I921.22)--KrisnAdaa 8

BOLL3~D AND TAGOnE, Lettenl of two eminant writclll

OA~Dll1JI AS WE K~OW HIM-Intimate DDddelisutful incidents by varioDS writefll

PUDLIC FINANCE AND oun POVERTY-J. C. Knmnrappn 3

HISTORY OF TnE REIGN OF SHAH ALUM-W. Franklin

THE LIFE uF Il.\.MAKRlSHNA-An exboU8tivoac:coont of the Moster's wondcrfullife-RomBiu Holland

INDIAN STATES' PHOBLEM (Gandbiji's Wri~iOg9 nndUttersocca)-M. K. Gandhi 10

FOUNDATIONS OF PEACE (Oriticnlstodl or theOOIlditions which precipitated two world wllrs-K. T. Sbah 16

BAPU-:llY l-10TllI::H-Mnnnl:ehn Gandbi 2

INDIA SPEI\KU\G ("nrious contributions on economiepolitical, cultnralan~ socisl problems of modern India) , 16

eotaina.bZe from:

"INDIANPjBag,

OPINION H

Phoenix, Natal

Special biwp II Numbet' I'NDIAN OPINION 339

By SOONDRA M. APPAVOO M.R.S.L.

TRUTH IN. -LITERATUREFACTOR COMMON TO ALL HUMAN

CREATIVE ART

IT was as much a p:lrt ofGandhian philosophy to em­

brace Truth as to seek it. In theWest, it is characteristic for peopleto leek truth but not to embracetbat part of it which does notcoincide with their long-cherishedviews and opinions. Thus, thesubtlety of distinction between'seeking.and embracing Truth be­comes apparent. To seek Truth isthe ostensible pursuit of all menbut to embrace it, even at one'sown peril, is sadly not the casewith most people.

A contemporary American poet,Mr. Roy Helton, author of "ComeBack to Earth," says in one ofhis poems that:

"All the breadth of sea andsky,

Narrows to one human cry."

This, to my way of thinking,b only another way of saying thatall our human efforts, in whateverfield of endeavour they are direct­ed, aim at something more thaneconomic independence or theattainment of fame.

Wbat is it that we ~re alwayszeeking, beyond our immediaterequirements of food, securityand comfort? We are go.ded onto a distant Eldorado by some­thing more than transient, im­permanent materialism. Why dowe hitch our wagon to a star?Where, in that wond'rous, cour­ageous organ which is the humanheart, arises the insatiable curios­ity. the never-ending quest ofman after seemingly unattainableideals?

I lubmit that all these ideals­and here I speak not of thematerial things of life-I submitthat all these ideals originate inthe unquenchable thirst for theWine of Life; the longing forcontact with the Lord God. Didnot the pious Hindu poets invokethe aid of Brahma, and the Greeks

~ after them the Muses? Did notSocrates willingly go to death forTruth in Athens three hundredand ninety-nine years before theBirth of Christ?

Act Of Faith

That, no doubt, is why VietorHugo was prompted to say thata "library is an act of faith."Although I may be wrong in thusinterpreting the words of a manwho died over half a century ago,I cling tenaciously to the ideathat creative work never satisfiedbim so greatly as when wrongwas ultimately overcome by right.And that, the triumph of usticeover injustice, is one of the fewelements common to all literaturesof all peoples. Thus, we returnto a common mreting point,where all the uces of mankindplace their artistic and creativeulent at the service of a Higher

Mind and to a nobler purposethan th:lt of amusing the 'busconductor's wife on a rainy Satur­day afternoon with a stirring tale.

Now, during that brilliantperiod in the history of EnglishLiterature which is called tbeRomantic Revival, in poetry noless tban in prose, th~ authors ofthe day awoke to the great re:lli­sation that the preceding Augus­tan or Classical Age was artificialand therdore divorced fromTruth. Therefore', they returnedto find inspiration in Nature, inglorious, unchanging, everlastingNature, which is another way ofsaying that they returned to God,for God is Nature. From thelowest to the highest forms oflife with which Nature has en­dowed this earth, we find God'shandiwork in such a tourmalinegalaxy of creation that the humanmind fails in its feebl! endeavoursto understand what it all meansand turns sceptical in its failure.. In our failure, we turn to phy­sical beauty, like roses of Grecianurns. Truly, then, "A thing ofbeauty is a joy forever"-not onlyintoxicating to the senses butstimulating to the spirit as well.That is why, I contend, the mostsatisfying poetry and prose iswritten by those who take tbepalette of Truth from which tochoose fitting media.

Golden ThreadThe cumbersome prose and the

overdone, stilted poetry of theAugustan Age, rather like aDickensian Mr. Turveydrop, illhappily relegated to the limbo offorgotten things. In Literature,as in Art and Science, tbe trialand error method of -approachcannot be easily abandoned. Butwhen we have seen the sbort­comings of a particular line ofende:lvour, we know how to avoidit in the fUlure. Tbat knowledgewe call experience. Yet, bowoften do we pause to reflect that,despite our formidable stock ofexperience, we very often blunderover the same boggy, unprofitableground? How often do werealise that one of the strangestphenomena in human history isthat in all languages, from thesun-washed spaces of Africa tothe wind-swept plains of theSteppes, from the snow-cappedheights of the lofty Himalayas tothe shores of the broad Americasthere runs a sin~le, fine thread?This thread is the factor commonto at! human creative art. it is a

golden thread, because it is thethread of Truth.

Literature in any country im­plies enlightenment. In the DarkAges of European History, only asmall group of schobrs con­tinued to pore over the manu­scripts rescued from the turmoiland maelstrom of the POlst. Onlya small group kept aglow thatspark which was once the glory ofaU Asia and the heritage of Man­kind. Oflen in Man's chequeredstory that flame rose to greatheights, spreading light whereonce there was darkness, 'oustinguntruth with Truth;' and often itburnt very low, like a lamp will,when the oil reaches its lowestpoint. Yet, through aU thoseages, from the Song of Our LordKrishna, from the story ofBeollVutf down to the present day,that light kept burn;ng bravely,now brightly and now dimly, likethe ebb and flow of a great ocean.

At times great works weredestroyed in the crucible ofignorance, for political or theo­logical purposes. And then, whokept alive that spirit which thefbmes could not consume?Mothers did, at their cradles,caressing their babes and cO:lingsoftly the tales carefully remem­bered and which are our magni­cent heritage.

RealismTruth is a quality which in

Literature, more faithfully than inpolitics, the authors of the worldhave been honestly trying toatuin in spite of traditional limi­tations. The results of theseendeavours have, however, inmany instances fallen far short ofthe desired mark. For, in strivingto maint.in equilibrium betweenfiction and Truth, most wtitershave written with a "realism"which is all but real, devoid oftruth and merely tends to cnatea world in which anything violentis "taken to be the stamp of literarygenius. The soul of man revolt~

against the 'realism' of somewriters who infuse that mistakenquality into passages of brutaldescription.

Now, whilst most of us agreethat frankness is a noble attribute,a certain amount of restraint isrecommended when the occasiondemands. Unrestricted art mustdegenerate into mere licentious­n~s. I am not advocating Puri·tanical reserve in the literaryappro:lch to life, but an examin:l'tion of the writings of rhe so·

called 'realistic' authors willreadily yield evidence to sub­stantiate my statements.

In portraying contemporary lifein what they consider to be faith­ful terms, these authors invariablydescend from the lofty heights ofParnassus to the depressingly lowand squalid atmosphere of de­graded flesh. The many offendersin these questionable realms makehigh ideals incompatible withearthly things.

In English, the traditional story­form is now undergoing a transi­tion from the originals of suchmen as Richardson, Fielding,'Dickens and Collins, to modernslike Priestly, Wells. Buchan andWalpole. These men, fortunately,realised that realism does notnecessarily include gruesome mat­ter. There is a serious danger inpainting with too drab a brush.In Literature, the world-andother planets, even-represent thevast field to be conquered by thequill. In writing of or in paint­ing such a field, surely the writersof today are not obliged to useonly one brush and one colour?The medium and choice of thesubject will always, of cour,e,remain the literary prerogative ofthe author, However. one factemerges clearly from the fore­going aad that is: authors likestorekeepers, -re entirely depend­ent upon rhe public. That iswhy the late Mr. G. K. Chester­ton said tb:lt the vogue of theauthor is dependent on the tasteof the age.

Does the taste then of the pre­sent age include brutality andindelicate, salacious literature? Ibelieve nol; for we are revoltedin spirit and mind to read of lifeshortly afu:r the D.uk Ages inEurope, the morala, manners andrude tastes. Then, how, you mayenquire, could the matter beremedied? Very simply. M2kethe publication of all inartisticwork-erotic literature. particular­ly-an unprofitable business byboycotting and prohibiting suchhooks. I believe that the resultwould he gratifying for, onceagain, fresh literary channelswould be opened to he describedby men wbo, silent in their every­day life, will leave behind themthe only records on which futuregeoerations will base tbeir judg­ment of the present one. I helievethat the adoption of such a sug­gestion would indirectly givepractising authors the opportunityof being wbat they wish to be­truthful and sincere.

Indeed, we must seek the Truthand having discovered it weshould embrace it-even if ithurls. - -

INblAN OPINION Special Diwati Number

By CHARLES WHARTON STORK

THE BALLAD OF MIR MAQBOOLSHERWANI

EAST AFRICA(From An Esteemed Correspondent)

MR. A. FENNER BROCKWAY M,P. during his visit to N~i'obi,

unlike usual European visil<lrs, slaytd in an African's house Jnd

treated :1 sensation in these territories. A function was arranged by

bis bast ex·senior Chief Koinange at his house in the African Reserve.

Chief Koinaoge is the father of Peter Koinange who was in India

some time ago. The function made sensatiunal history. It was

attended by more than 25,000 AfricaDs, a large number of Indians

aDd European guests. It was a remarkable demonstration of tbe

Africans' appreciation of tbi:; valiant fightCf against Imperialism 2nd

Colonialism.

Dr. Katibala of UNO's Trusteeship Council's East AfricanResearch Section addressing Mr. Brockway's reception

meeting.

In his address to the AfriCo1Ds Mr. Brockway mentioned that his

father was born in Africa, he was born in India, while by culture and

civilisation be was a European. Tberefore in himself he reprcsent~d

2ll the three and be bad no Colour Bal:.

He rtferred to hi3 friendship with Mahatma Gaodhi and Pandit

Nehru wilh pride and said that India bad given the cbssic demonstra­tion of the struggle for freedom by unarmed people.

As India bad attained "political ma;ority" he j, offerinl;: tbe

services of his remaining years to those who are still in need of them,

India has had her heroes,Her Knights and l\lartyrs of old,But the ancient ftre burns deep

in her,And the talc is still to be told.

l\[ir IIlaqbool Sherwani\Vas 1\.lnslim of Kashmir,J\ ~illlpic man of the merchant

class,No chieftain oE mark was here.

The sava~e tribesmen ofPakistan

Proclaim it a holy war,\Vith the ShOlit of "Allah uk­

har n

Th:\t the l\{o~l1ls had raised ofyore.

In u torrent they burst theborder

To ra\'ag-e amI to 513)'.

.. Down with the Unbelievers'Vith their idols of stone and

clay."

..Hark)'e!" ~aitl Mir Shen\ ani,"'\'c are all of the self·same

breed,Shall \\ e murder our fellow­

townsmenFor the sake of a severing'

creed?

., \Ve have li"eu t01':'ether ashrothers,

For "liCit is the Indian way,That each should name how-

ever he willThe Power to wholl1 we pray,"

The plain folk ~f Baramula,l\llIslim amI Hindu and Sikh,They heard from the lips of

Sherwani\Vhat their own hearts bade

him spe:ak:.

They chose him for their leaderAnd held al:'linst raid on raid.For they knew the Indian Army\V:l5 hurrying' to their aid,

Uut at last their fortune failedthem,

Their g'allant leader was taken.Lashed to the post of an :Ipple

shoplie stood, but with son I un·

shaken,

'Confess yuurself a. traitor.Cr)', " Hurrah for Pakistan!"His merciless captors ordered,1'he)' reckoned ill of their man,

The,}' nailed his hands with hisarms outspread

1\" the bitterest scorn theyknew,

Tn felter a prolld KashmirTo the fdon doom of a Je\\".

They pressed a crown of jaggedtin

Deep down all his bleedingbrow,

They h:ld \\ tit on it: " Death tothe renegade! "

\\'hat :lnswcr was left himno\\" ~

Through the bed1:lm din of thetumult

HI~ ,'oice r:ln~ firm in theshout,

.. Long-live united India,"'l'i11 the crack of the !:"uns ran~

out.

Xcxt day. when the town \vasrescued,

'fhey laid his body to restIn the mosque of the Muslim

faithful.And len!: will his n:LOIe be blest.

In the villa::::e of BaramulaBy Hindu, Muslim amI Sikh,The men whose valor made

g'ood the wordsThat their hearts had bidden

him speak.

-Court.,)' IndJ:lo Wortll2110D 8aftsa.

Mr. Brockway add~esslng the meetinr.

~.••..•..•••.......••..•..........•.......••••.· .· .: ON FREEDOM :· .· .: The freedom some preach is beyond their ken, :: For they mean not Ii~rty but licence 10 rule :: And wrest the minds of olher men, :: To make mankind tbeir willing tool- :: The Master's freedom :a .lave to hold. :: but Freedom Irue is the sacred right :: Of:lU who have a milJd and soul :: To choose a path in accord with their ligh :: And seek thereon their God-given goal- :: The mystery of Life freely to uDfold :: -Robert Lawrence McKibbin :. .• I ••••• ••••••••••••••••••••••• 4 ••••••••••••••••••~

Special Diwali Number I NOlAN OPINioN i4i

A Gala Night In CapetownTh. GD,erDor·General and Mrs. G. n"'nd .an Zyl attendlDg tb~ .. F.rgoUen FO~lor" In eapetown. Al.o _InIbe p!cluTe are the Han. C. A ,an Nlekerk, Pee.Jdet11 or tbe S.nal., the Hon. J. F. T. Naude, Speaker of tbeHouse of Asumbly; Sir E.elyn Barirl:, U.K. HJgb Com..ws[oncr; and the Administnuors of tbe CBpe and tbe

TnmnaaJ. The majority of member! of both Houses or Parliament ban ""en tbe play.

"Who cre.ated the conditions on which Communism can flourish?"Mr. Klopper continued. "Is it not we ourselves? Did not Russiacome to the world with an ideology while we had nothing? We wereasleep, coQ~ent with our luxuries and glories. .

"But we stil~ ?ave a great opportunity of offering s~methingbetter tban. materialism. If we want to offer it we have to movequickly. There is no time to be lost. We must begin with ourselves3nd our own faults.

"We are a small nation andfought a ve"ry violent baltle forour existence. We have madelDany misl:lkes, and still makethem. I shall do my utmost tohelp my nation to follow theGood Road."

Among Ihe many werkers' re.present:ltives from:lll over theworld 10 attend the Caux As­semblies have been over a thou.sand Marxist :lnd Communistleaders. Three of them came lastyear from the Ruhr in Germany.Members of the Communist partyfor Over 20 years, they broughtto Came minds :lcd will toughenedand steeled by persecution andconstant battle. They saw inCaux.and its representalives fromso maoy nations tr:linlOg in thephilosophy and practice of in­spired democr~cy, the new worldin the making for which they hadalways longed. They said, "Weh3ve sung 'The Intern:uionale'

_ and fought for the classless societyand here we see tbese great idealsbeing lived out." One of themadded, "1 see here that 1 h:lve notbeen a 100 per cent Socialist.Socialism begins in the family,~~~;.,~ave been a dictator in my

This year South Africa sent a parliamentary delegation to C.auxrepresenting the three major politiol parties. The Speaker of theHouse of Assembly, the Hon. J. F. T. Naude, was one of them.Another Nationalist M.P., Mr. H. ]. Klopper, :lddressing the As­embly, said: "This is one of the greatest movements in modern timesin the life of nations. Never before have we had a message so clearand challenging. It is a challenge to everyone of us to sec where westand.

A Scene From "The Forgot.ten Factor"The struggle for leadersbip bet"••n men of prineiple Dnd a ",,,,er.s..,king mlnoril}' i.drllmatbed In Ihls secne from tho l'lay. Strikers have broken Inlo the home ofIbelr employer, lind Jim RUDkin (rigbt), th~ir Union le.der. flllhts for Bellon based

on U\,"hat's riChtt not "bo·~ tight."

By HENRY McNICOL

WHAT IS MORAL RE-ARMAMENT?

UA LIGHTHOUSE in this stormy world; it will guide us tothe right w:lY." In these words 'Indian Opinion' !:lst June

described tbe work of Mor:l.1 Re·Arm:lrOent. This work has in­creasingly come to the fore in the life of South Africa during thepast months and I am glad to have tbis opportunity of tellingsomething of its story.

It has been my privilege to tr:lve1 throughout the Union ,nthe tour of "The Forgotten Factor," tbe play which dramatisesthe mcsS:lge of Moral Re·Armament. This play has been seenby 60,000 people in more than 100 performances, in Durb;m,Johannesburg, upetown, Bloemfontein, Pretoria and manyother centres, Everywhere it bas gone, people h:lve found in it• new light and hope. 1t has carried :I spirit that has changedmen's lives, united families :Ind brought better teamwork betweenlabour and maD:lgement. The most varied audiences h~ye flockedto see it. In Capetown nearly all the Members of P.arli:lmentattended its run; in Pre tori:!. Dr. William Nicol, tbe Adminis­trator of the Tra~vaal, adjourned the session of tbe Provincia'!Council so tbat its members shculd see the play. It bas playedto industri.al .audiences in the Iscor factory in Pretoria, in Vereeni­ging, Somerset West and the new Free State gold-fields, as wellas up and down tbe Reef. It bas visited the AfriC3n erlucationalinstitutions and been seen by African leaders like Dr. J. S.Moroka and Dr. A. B. Xuma.

We sball always remember specially the night we presented "TheForgotten Factor," in the ,Gandhi Hall, Durban. All of us in the C3Stagreed that the audience tbat evening was one of the most responsivewe bave ever met. We knew that the message of the play, showingtbe way to a new world, had found acceptance among the representa­tives of all sections of the Indian community who crowded the theatretbat night.

But tbe tour of "The Forgotten Factor" in South Africa is onlya small part of the story. For Moral Re·Arnument is 3n ideologicalforce at work in every country to remake the world. One focus of thework for the past five years has been the World Assemblies whichhave taken place each year in Caux, Switzerland. These assemblieshave been attended by 30,000 representatives from 104 countries, in­cluding ten Prime Ministers and 93 Cabinet Ministers, as well .asmany trade union .and industrial leaders.

"In tbe atomic age," these WOfkefs' leadefs concluded, "we havegot to find an ideology that will answer hatfed. We have found it inMOfal Re-Armament.'· After their return to the Ruhr, all these menweI e re elected by the Vlofkers to their positions of trade union leader­

ship, with increased majorities.

Many representatives from India have been to Caux. As theAssembly dc-sed this year an invitation came from eighteen of them.includmg the President ~f the Indian National Trades Union Congre s,the Chairman of 'rata Induslfies, and four members of the National

, Planning Cornmisssion, askmg Dr. Frank Buchman, the founder ofMoral Re-armament to bring an international team of workefs toIndia this year. They wrote: "The Father of our country, MahatmaGandhi, bas bequeathed us an unquenchable inspiration to live by thehighest ideals, and we afe eager for India to play her full part in thisnoble task. Together we must succeed in turning the world fromcrisis to cure, and in demonstrating an over-arching ideology form:lOagement and labour, for Left and Right, for East and West."

At Fort Hare UniversityProf. D. D. T. Jaba.u, .\Irs. JabaYII and family were among tbe andlenee or African

and Indiall.5 who .3... "Th" Forl1otlen Fador" .t FOTt Hare Un;yerslty.

Special DTwali NumberOPINIONI N DIAN342

What is the secret of the power wbich Moral Re-armament isdemonstrating tuday to change the lives of the ordinary man and thestatesman, and to bring unity in pl3ce of division? It is a simple

one:

African Leaders See .. The Forgotten Factor"Dr. J. S. l\lnrolro. President of the African NntIoanl CoagT...... (third from left)

at a p"rfcrm1l1lee of .. The Forgotten FaetoT" at Tllaba 'Nebu.

On tbe ""Ireme 10£1 Is 1\1- R. MeNl<ol, tbe "Titer or tbls artIde.

''''''~I",~",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,-,,,,-/';~,#.!.I'.I''~'~Ii'~/'

S ~~ ~

S BE STRONG ~

~ We are not here to play, to \~ dream~ tD drzjl; ~~ We have hard work tft rIo, and ~\ loacil to lift; ~~ Shun not the struggle; face it, ~lfs \~ Grd's gift! ~~ Be strong, be strong! '~ ~\ Say not th:

od:fa~r; evil-who's \

\ \\ And fold the hands and acquiesce \~ -Oh shame! ~\ Stand up; speak aut; and bravely ~~ in Gad's name! ~~ ~\ Be strong, be strang! ~

~ It maUers not how deep ~~ entrenched the wrong, ~~ How hard the battle goes: the day ~S how long; ~~ Faint not, fight on; tomorrow ~~ comes th. sonq! ~

~ Be strong, be strang! \\ \~....,"'-",,-"'~,-"'_/ ....,~-'-,,-,.-,.-/_ ..._,,_....--,!

I. It stands for absolute mor"l standards of honesty, purity,unselfishness and love, and applies tbem pe!sonally, socially andnationally;

2. Its plan is tbe guidance of God, to Whom all can Usten fordlfl~ction, and Who gives a uniting programme of action above differ­ences of party, creed, race, point of view and personal advantage;

3. It brings the full dimensions of change which tbe world needs-economic, social, national and international-all based on personalchange;

4. Its message is "Start with yourself," and it is therefofe themost practical progr:unme of change in the world today.

This is the clear message which Moral Re-Armament pre~ents toeveryone, everywhefe; and Ihe world-wide response, in whicb men of

. goodwill from all parts of South Africa are joioing, gives a new, surehope for the future.

"Union is tbe grace of rebirth," says Dr. Buchman. "It is ourone hope. It is the destiny of Easl and West. The alternative isdivide and die. Moral Re Armament offers the world the J:,st chancefor every n;llion to change and survive, 10 unite ;lnd Hve.

I'mf. Z. K. MA'ITHEWS

""aWol: ..rl.. the per(onnan"" of "The FoTtl:oltu Faetor:'

Special Diwall Number I N DIAN OPINION 34J

DELEGATES TO MORAL RE-ARMAMENT ASSEMBLY

Parliamentary Delegation To CauxA ['orliomcnl~r)' dclcl:,lion. rel'resenllnl; Ibe three m,jor p,rlie. of Ibe SouthAfrie,n House of Assembl}·. nllended Ibe 1\10ral Rl."-Armo",...nl Ass...mblr InCall:•• S\\lllerland. Ibis )enr. Se...n here ICOfinc Soulh Africa b)' plan.... :Irelid' 10 riJ,:htJ: Mr. J. II. Kloper ('1atlonali.t Part). \'redeforlJ, I\lr. 1:, W."'or;na: (Un lied ParI)', Ornn!:e Grme) and !\Irs. Worin/:. I\lr. E. R. vonRensburll. O'lloni,ing Scerelnry of Ihe Soulb African !\line Worker~' Union."ho Is :lIsa u membor of lhe [':lr}; :>nd Mr..,. S. L,bus<ha~c (Afri~nner

I'arll. "lip nher.)

Marxists Who Have Found .. The TrueInternational ..

Herr Poul Kurowski, Rubr mIners' leod...r (I...fO nnd Mollsicur !\InreelQulchsud. leader of the Paris me lal-.,orkers. These are h\o of I 000Manlsl·lralned tnlde. unionists "110 b\e gone In Cau, Asscmblies. 10 'lind

"Ihe Idroloel' Ihal Dm,.... b:>le,"

Indian Leaders At Caux 'ihrl Gbnlzarila' N:>nda, Deputy Cbalnn:1n of Ihe N:>lionol Punnlo" Com.

mlssinn of ,,, ... a (left). and SIIrl J:>gjhnn Ram. President nf lbe inl...m:>.Ilonnl L:lbour OlTke, "Uh Dr. Fran!' Iluehman, founder of .\'or:ll

Re·Armamenl.

344IN D I A N 0 PIN ION Special O;wali Number

MODERN TRANSPORT SYSTEM SERVES BOMBAY'S THREE MILLIONSBy NANDAN B. KAGAL

A double storey tram in Bombay

The suburban trains, the buses and the tram·c:lrs cope: with the:major portion of this rraffic. Taxis and victorias ater for a smallersection of the public and generally over a shorrer distance:.

The BEST (Bombay Electric Supply and Transport Undertakin~.

owned by the: Municipaliry since 1947, operates thc: buses and thetram-cars. The Muaicipality ruos 279 buses and 257 tram-cars dailyto carry more thaa a million passengers.

The network of the bus routes covers the 26 square miles island,including the suburbs 16 miles from the down-town region. The25 blls rOUles have a tot:ll route-mileage of 230 miles at the presenttime.

THE island metropolis of Bombay, with irsthree million inhabitants, boasts of one of

the finest tr:lnsport systems in the world.A Weste:rn visitor, who expects to have a

glimpse of the "mysterious Orient" in Bombay,is ofll:n dis:lppointed. The City docs not fit thepallern of the Hollywood stereotype of anOrienral city. There are no earthen roadscrowded with 'rickshaws' pulled by bland-facedcoolie!:

Outside the pier gates the visitor notices afleet of black-and-yellow cabs. The tourist willrecognise: in them maoy well-known Americanmakes.

The touch of the East is not entirely absent.The victorias or 'garrys' still ply the tar' roads,though in the city they seem :I curious throw­back in the heavy automobile traffic.

As the tourist drives to his hotel he is im­pussed by the red double-decker bu.ses. Foreign­ers who visit Bombay usually remark that thebuses remind them of an English city. Thedoubl"-deckers displ3ymg advertisements are veryt imihr to those seen in London.

In the older part of the cHy tram-cars domi-nate the centre of the road and Bombayites are _~_--'- """'''''''''''''"''~"-- __loyal to them much as the people of San Fran­risco are loyal to their trolley-cars.

Although the question of an underground r.li.lway system for tbecity has been discussed for some time, there is no immediate prospectof it being introduced.

In the :lbsence of the: 'tube:' system Bombay has an extensive sub­urban electrIC r:lilw. y system which eo~blcs persons living as much 3:1

forty mIle, fr::m the city to reach their offices and workshops.Bombay I city's public transport system carries more: thJn 1.83

million people dally.

As in other large metrop,litan centres, the business activity isconcentrated in the "down-town" region. Many thousands of while­collar workers, businessmen and traders live in the suburbs J h3lf-houror :In bour's ride from their offices.

The electric trains are an integral part of Bombay's ....alt transport systemScene shows office-bound passengers alighting from one of these.

Advent Of Double-deckersThere bas been a :"Iudy increase in the demand

for bus facilities sinc.: 1926, when th.. first servicewas s:arted. In that year the BEST, then a priV:ltecorporation, had only 24 single-deck buses, eachseating 23 passengers.

By 1939 the number had increased to 100 single­deck buses, uch searing 58 passengers.

The War prevented the expJosion of this servicesioce it was not possible to obt:lin suit3ble vehicles,Since 1946, however. 139 buses have been added tothe Reet, many of the single-deckers being replacedby the double uni·s. To-d3Y 221 of the 279 buses:lre double-ckckers.

The frequency of tbe bus service is 10 minutes onmost roules. The busy routes have a freqnency of5 minules during the rush hour. Since the aUlho­rities do not permit s13nding p3ssengers one 50011:­

times h:ls to wait for "the next bus:' However,when one enters the bus a se:lt is assured.

The m3jor Slaps on the route have: covered queuep3SS3geo5 to shelter the waiting public from the tro­piCal sun and monsoon.

The bus facilities are inexp~nsive; lhe presentminimum fare of nine :mn3:J '05 ch.Jrged for 15 miles,the longest BEST roule.

TramsThe trams are even cheaper. Tile: IOllge~t route

ec.vc:rs about eight mire~ 0111.1 the ,nJXlmuon chul:e is

Special Diwali Num~er I N DIAN OPINION ::'45

The famed Mari?e Drive of Bombay is reported to be one of'the bestsea promanades In the East. Crowds frequent this spo,t every evening

from far-off nooks of the City. ,

one and a half annas. The pas­sengers can also change from oneroute to another to reach theirdestin:uion and get a transferticket without extr3 charge. Thebuses tlo not h3ve a 'tranferarrangement:

The tram-cars are the oldestform of 'modern' transport inBombay and still are very popular,I ast year trams ca,rried moretban 190 million passengers, anaverage of more than half a mil­lion daily.

The first electric tram car inBombay was introduced in 1907,when they replaced horse-drawntrolley cars. In that year theroure mileage of track was about11 miles :lDd this system carried25 million passengers, the popu­100tion of Bombay then being900,000.

The tram routes run in the oldpOlrt of the city and today have aroute mileage of 29 miles ofdouble track. Ten tram routesare inter-woven to exhaustivelycover this part of the city. TheBEST runs 257 trams daily, 93of these being double-deckers.

Suburban Trams

The most popular form oftransport in Bombay, however, istbe suburban electric railway.This system has played a vita!role in the exp:msion of the cityinto "Greater Bombay," whichincludes numerous suburbs.Though these suburbs are largelyresidential localities a number ofnew industries have been startedin the area. The Bombay-Barodaand Central India railway andthe Great Indian Peninsula rail­way have helped in this expansionby providing fast transport faci­lities.

The suhurbOln railwOlY ~ystem

in Bombay consists of twO parts.The western part of the island isser.-ed by the B.B.C.I. while theG.I.P. covers the eastern part.

In 1949 the B.B.C.I. suburbantrOlins carried about 410.000 pas­sengers daily, while the G.I.P.averaged 371,000. In 1939 theB.B.C.I. carried 130 passengersdaily. The sharp increase in thistr3ffic tells the story of the city'sgrowth in the last decade.

To cope with this daily tufflcof nearly 800,000 the State·ownedrailw2Ys make 662 train-runs.The total number of tfOlin milesrun daily i':l 10,713. With thisservice residents of KalyOln, 40miles from Bombay, and 'Karjat,60 milr:s from city, can commutr:in comfort.

Season tickets on a quarterlybasis are OIvailable at a grady re­duced rate. For example :a ticketcosting one rupee (one shillingand six pence) for a journeyworks out at about ten rupees amonth if a season ticket is bought.This season can be used anynumber of times during th:ltperiod of time and on an aver~ge,

the commuter uses it sixty time:!a month.

A striking feature of the sub­urban trains is their punctualitythough the OIverage speed, in­cluding time for station stops, is30 miles per hour. The frequencyof service is about 15 minutesand during peak periods in themorning aud evr:ning extra trainsare run at shorter intervals.

Despite the large "mnbr:r oftrains run there is considerableover-crowing in the rush hourand the ~tanding·room·onlysitua­tion is similar to that in the NewYork sub-way, the London tubeand the Paris metre.

TaxisBesides the BEST and the

railway services, tall;is OInd vic­torias also provide transport faci­lities in Bombay.

This city of thz three millionhas 1700 taxis, 90 per cent. ofthese being post-war models; thisratio compares favourably withNew York city where 5,000 taxisply for the eight million pop ula­tion.

The 1700 taxis cater for nearly30,000 passengers daily. All theuxis run on the metre basis, thecharge being 9 OInnas for the firstmile and then proportionately foracb sUhsrquent one-third mile,with an extra two OInnas for eachfive minutes of waiting. Thetaxi charges in Bombay thus workout as one of the lowest ofany major city in the world.

Since June, 1950, 106 "babytaxis" have been added to thetaxi fleet. These automobiles,imported from Britain, are smallerthan the American models andconsume less petro!. The chargeis six annas a mile aod their lowerrate has made them popular withthe public.

Motor-cycle-rickshaws have alsorecently been introduced in thecity, charging the passengers fourannas a mile. It is too early toSOlY whether they will "catch on"with the public.

The Victoria or "Garry" isthe oldest transport facility inthe city. It was introduced in1864 in Bombay, and it amazinglyhas withstcod the competition ofthe more recent trams, buses andtaxis. By 1924 there were 2,611licensed victorias in Bombay. Intbe last quarter of a century,though this number has not in_

creased they still total nr:uly2,300.

The conditions of the Fceneeare that the vehicle be drawn byone horse and carry not morethan three passengers. The C01tof a garry rid!: i~ nearly thesame as in taxi, but if "time ismoney," then victorias are :10

expensive propOSition.

The increasing shortage ofgrains and competition frommeter transport may force th!:'garriwalas' to Ihrow in thesponge within the next decade.But a few may remain near thelarger hotels to serve vi~itors whoinsist on seeing this Orientalmetropolis in "the traditionalhorse·carriage."-'P.T.I.

The Jan H. HofmeyrSchool Of Social Work

JohannesburgOffers a three-year course of

study preparing for service A'Welfare and Case Workers withSocial Agencies and institu­tions; as Directors of Recrea­tion aDd Physical Education;as Secretaries of ~oeial BndCommunity Centre~. Y.M.C.A·"aI1d Youth Organisations. En_traoce Requirement: the SeniorCertificate (\Iatric), or equi­valent. In only very excep­tional circumstances e-.:emptiODfrom this requireme\lt roay begranted. The next cIa!9 willeorol on February 6th J951.

Applicants will be requiredto produce evidence of characteras well as academic qualifica_tions.

Prospectus and ApplicationForms may be oht'lined from

The Director,Jan H. Hofmeyr School

of Social WorkJubilee Social Centre,

EloEf St. South,Johannesburg.

Send Gd. stamps fer Specimen.~

346 INDIAN OPINION Special Diwafi Number

These are the Blades

to save you money

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an anliupli,,' i, rrliable and .afr?'·

During the past len years, in Hospi",ls, in 5urgic;:JI

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lependabilily- and safety of 'Deuol' have been proved

,,,yond doubl in literally millions of C<'lSCS. In minor

leddent, and m:l;or opcr:ltion. indeed, whenever infection

tnC3tcns. doctors, sur,g-eonq, :and nurses,. in Southern

'frii:'> and throll~hout the Commonw<:ahh, protect their

p:lIicnts, nnd ~ E T T 0 Lthemselves, witl, ~ _...

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Sped.I Diwali Number. I N DIAN OPINION

COMMUNALISM AND INDO-PAKISTANRELATIONS THE PASSING OF A GREAT SOUL

Ey ALOKANANDA MAHABHARATIPresldant, Arunachal Mission

THESE are oClllleioll', when,throll/:h God's greoe, ODe

mao Is right lind 1111 wrong.P.tndlt Nehrn In fighllnR the,plrit Df cDmmonallBm. whichIIlaln eeeke to rear 118 bead, ieabsDlolely rlllbl. .

There are two Ihlells before theoonnlry:-Commooallsm. and 10'

die's dealiegs witb Pakietao.Tbe lwo are separate.

CDmmunalism III the way IDdeatb, It was brcanse Df ODW'mDnaliem that India bal grlE.­yonely enllered. The partHianor tbo connlry wae dne to oom­mDnaliBw. Commnnalism idagalnBt the time Bplrit, the Bplritof tbe ege, agaiDst the noeeenbn~ tremendone eplrltnal forcesthat are at wDrk over tbe heartand mind of tbe rece e'eeklng tomake the III oonecionsl of theirdeep an" fondamental splritodunity. It is againet divine planand pnrpose. It wonld be go·ing back to tbe Dark AgeB,

If Pakhtan doee not dealrigbtl, b, her Hindu and Sikhmlnoritlee. that Ie altogether adlllerent matter, India shonldDDt by any meanll negleot them,The partlliDn bas Dot alteredIndia'a fonndamental relatlDnwith Ihem or releaeed ber Df hermoral responelbilit, before Godfor their seoorlty and wellare.India eboold never take auattitude of klaibya Dr moraloClwardlCf', of appeaeerneol, butIhonld Ined!, with tbe wholetorc& Df her being, tbat Pakistanehould and muet deal well by herBlDdu and Sikh mioDrities. IfIOllia faile in it, ebe woold haveto answer before God. She wouldnot de1lerve to be iodepsndent,But that snrely ehonld not inany way infinrnce India in berattitnde towarda Indl'lo Muelinlor In ber treatment tDwardeIhem. Indian Moellms are In­diena and are not reaponeiblefor Paklalao'e aolione.

The GaDga wUl noL How baekto' the Bime1a,ee. Ravlnl ofHindulem. or Bindn dharma,even, as some psople understandit in a narrow eenee, ie oot of tbeqoestlon. Thie ia nDt In the

_ divine 80heme of tblDg8. Whatwallin the put. eball never be8gaio, as \t caDoot. In tbie obaD'Ring world. Onr rLJhi {.tbersnever know of Hlndo dharma OrHindu oul\t1re. All that tbeycared fDr was dharma. porE" andundefiled Irath, righteouenul.Their whole c(lnoeptlon ofdharma aDd oultare WIlS nnivereat and eternat In' obaraoteT;

TblJlla no age- lor tb;" revivalDf an, l,oUonal or oommnnal

raURioo, Hinduiem, or IBI&m, orCbrietianlty, or Buddhism, 10eplte of tho l'Xoellont thinge tbbtare in et.oh This la an 81le for III

srntbeels of all religlone. GD.Iis One, aud RellRion aleo is Oneaud the Same. Thie ie the gran,1tmtb that meu have to I ..arn IntbiD ago ano they ehall bave tobe, 88 they are being made, over·powerlngly Qonaoioaa of It.Forma differ. But forms nanDIl-essentlal. benoe Immal! rialHindu" Moeaulmane, Sikhl.OhriaUane-we are all of OneRt'II~IDn. God 18 oor Greatea~

Common FaQ~or, God II oor OoeCommon Fatber and we are allHis oblldren, Bnd have to h. bllvowith one noother ae eoch. Thisie flO age for Hlndo Mabaeabbaor Mnelim Leagoe. This Is theIIge for Hiodo- \lneeolman·Cbrlat·len Slkt.-Boddbiat Mabaeabhlo.­in ebort, Sarlla 'Dharma Mo­ha.abha, If we bave to ebetlsowe of oor old acoostomedhablte of Ihongbt and aollon. womnet do 110. If we do not do ItwllllDgly, we shall have 10 do Itunder Ihe compnhiDo Df cironrn'ItanceB·

What Ihe world needs. Ie are".ival of 'Dhatma-Rellilioo.nDivereal and eternal and-inthe bearls Df men, not ofouy sectional religion. God willnot permit it. Mankind need tobe nniled 10 One God. Theyneed one nniVlrsal lellglon oflove, piety, Bnd brotherhood,

For Ihe last 25 rears, onr mls.eion hae belt.! tbat the probl~m

of ('ommonal barmoDY wasgreater tban the qnretlon of b."dep.ndeDCB. Innla toda, 18 beiDgbtffied ~y it. India willetaDd orfall by bn right or wrocg eolu"lion of Ihis one problem. 8becanD!>t aolvo It lill her 8001 rlell!to tbe .highest splritoal heil:ht,to a nDlvueal ell.odpo[L t in allIbiogs of life. Again and s::ainwE! bave iDeis:ed On it tbatHindu and Mu~lims mnet forgettbat Ih~y are Hindu .nd Moelima aod rememLfr ooly thatthey lire children of tbe eaweFathEr, God. before Ihey eooldbe free. To the One God Ib~y

have to go and nnlte heart wllhheart, Bnd go hand in bandThrO?gb God's Rnop, tlis ebalibe.- HarlJan,'

.............................................R. VITHAL

. Bookkeeper, Writing up SetlofBooks, Balance Sheets, Income',

. Tax Returtls. Apply:

306 Commillioner 5tJeppe, Jobaane.b~~g.•.•...•.._....•..••-.....

The world is fast losing allits good souls. God aloneknows what is in Slore forthose who remain. GeorgeBernard Shaw was one of thegreatest playwrighls Europehas produced in the twentielhcentury. He was known forhis wit and dty humour. HehJd made WifC public state­ments at times on importan!questions. We quote hereone of them:

"This is the true jDy of lifethe being used for :t purpo~r

recognised by yourself asa mighly onei the beinl:

GEORGE BERNARD SHAW thoroughly worn out beforeyou are tbrown on the scrar

Died after a brief Illness on heap; the being a force ofFriday, November 3, at the nature, instead of :1 fevuish,

age of 94. selfish liale clod of ailmentsand grievances, complaining

that the world will not devote itself to making you happy,"~o wODder if G.B.S. is gone a disnppo.in'ed man. Not dif

:IPPolDted because he \vished to live Jonger, for he bad lived the rulspan of his Iifei disappointed because the wocld W.lS fast dClerioralinJ;and there waS no way 10 be found for its redemption.

WHO LOVE SOUTH AFRICA BESTSouth Africa, land of my birth!Best beloved of all tbe Earth!Others love Thee, so they saYiBut only those who have been away,Seen otber lands aDd come back to rest.Can know who truly love Thec best,

S~x long years exiled I stayed,SIX IDog years I daily prayedTo see Thy skies of wondrous bues,Beloved Dnce more the elCpansivc viewsOf tby mountains and Thy veld.Where my soul has ever dwelt.

~en years have passed, ten years of pain,SlOce I came back to Thee again .And now I'm gray before my timeFrom trying to preach in prose and rhymeThe things that we must surely heed.To serve Thee in,Thy greatest need.

How can we love Thee truly ~henWe bate Thy noble Native mee,~pe Thy soil, destroy Thy game,Bicker about f.he bet:er race.And fling Thy giIu back into Thy face 7

The~ best love Thee who give Thy due.Str-lln every nerve for Justice true.Grant to aU men, Black and WhiteAn equal share in tbeir birthright 'Thy laDd, aed thus real Freedom giveTo all Thy People whD in Thee live.

'-Robert Lawrence McKibbin.

Of Gu;arati48

CheIN 6tAN

PoetryOPINION Special Diwali Number

l Gujarat is as well known (or its industry and commerce as for the devotional movement of VAISHNAVISM and thenon-violent creed of Jainism which have greatly nourished there. Mahatma Gandhi was born in this part o( India

THE literature of Gujarat dalcsb.ck to tbe 141he cenlury

\1 hen lhc laUl;lWI':"C tuok a .Ii,·lind form, AlllUnl! the ca,l)pueb wcre the ~reat saint pilCh

like Nnr,;i 1Ichtn and ~1iraltni

whose songs arc still on thereoplc's lip!> Gujnratr poetr)chnnget! with the challl-:"Jn~

times, reflecting- the \ ariol1!>ph:lses like the advenl ofmodern ci\'ili,ation. c"lltact\\ ith Ihe \\'e!>t, the f1~e "flIationalism and the mo<1ernmind'!> quest {or a faith. Thereha\'e been hold experiment:,also in leehni<]ue. The pnebhave I1sed the metres of S:l1l­skrit poetry, adopted the mode_of old Gujarau poetr)' al1dtunes or popular folk SClOj:;S.

The g-reat poet! ANALAL de­vised a medium for him"elfwhich is neIther a reg-ularmetre nor Quite blank versc,but a sort of inspired. rh) thmicprose.

First i!> a popular puem byUl\II\SIIANKAR J 0 S HI,itmon/Z the be"t kno,' II uf the}'oung-er g-enelatlOn uf Gujaratipoels. L'l\£ASlIAl\KAR'S en·try Illtn Ihe \\ orld of Gujaratiletters \\ a" markcd by a, longpoem ,:ah~cl \\ ORLD PEACE,based on Gandhij,'" philosoph)'"I non·, iolcllcc lie ha" since"nllell a .f.!rcat I1l.lny poclns 3:.-.:tl~o a f"'I' "hort stone" antiplay" The follo\\ in" poemvi\'ldly e:-.pre""e'" lhe poet's un­fulfilled )'earnin~ for :t freelile:-

LOVE LYRIC

wanl to climb the nHllllllain\\'jtholll a "tahl arl glllde.1 \\ ant to plercc the jun~le,

No c<)Inrnde at Illy ~ide.

I "'ant to walk the , ..lIey.To soothc the weeJlint: streall1.To listen to the sad clIekooAs to a ltaunting- dream.

r stantl Lene:lth the c\ enill).:" ..I.)Alld listeu to 1I1y heart. 'hs throbbins:: "chue'" sl~ht the

:llr.The winds hlo\\ them apart.

I wander lonely as my Im'cI n jun~lc and in dale.And in thc heart of d:lrkne, ...Hear the ....,hhinl! of till' 1:':11(".

And with my tear-stainctl handI wipe.

The tear3 of wind and strcam :.. h all lm'c s<\d ? I ask 1I1)',;cH... Or i, thi ... bUI a theall' ? ..

.\'l'\.l j" a Cha/.al II dUen by.'Ii\:-.ll:-; 11/\:-.' h: I\!{ [{A'I'N AJ III I I AT'!'. II h" II rotc under tilelitera'l ll:tI1lC of " KANT," Ihe... hilllll~ (tne. K/\l\:'l', who diedill 1923. \\ il" <Ille or the IllOSttlll,,,triull' of l1lodern Gujaratipuet, \\ 110 \1 crc decply illl­pre...... ed h)' \\.eSlern literaturehut who were ... till rooted inlhe cnltnral heritag-e of theirlanel. KAKT" role (mh' a fe\\l'(lell" hilt all of them ~\'erc ofa ,'cr} hif.."h poctk mcrit. An"(hu'a tlll11ist. he II il" a mall orhllC, 'Ul~ili\e poeti<' tempera­ment and ,ufTcred tcrrible dis­tr:\ctioll of heart ill hi" later lifeII hell hc rcnollllceo his an­,e"tral faith. He is justlyramou~ [or his f:'reat poem en­lilleo tliC "Triumph of Spring:'UNC i" a renderill~ of hi" odeto the moon :-

TO THE MOON

011, )'ou who walk in beauty allnig:ht Ion!:,

lIearken, I pray you, to alover'~ song-,

.\11<1 \\ hen you look ,upon mylo\'c asleep.

'}'cll her rull J:!entl:r that r standand weep

F'or hCI But if. perchance, sherines like me.

'I'he lu"tre g-one from eyes Ialwa}'s see

A!> imag:cs of li~ht. comfort her,. Queen,

The hours dral:' for me thatmij:{ht have been

Jn ~11111y "'pent. Does she, per­hap~, recall

The ni"hts wilh your "oft lig-htilluminating: :III,

\\·c \\alked together :lnd I g-avcIlly heart

To you to cleanse? \Ve shouldnOI 'part

I fuudly Ihought: I wonder <lid...he g-h e he.~. 100.

III "" ift ab:llldonmCllt al ~ig-htof yOIl ?

The name of N:lllabi can­JIll c~ III' a wide ,'ista of fincpOClr). [)e~eribe<l as the.. Pllet and Prophet of Love,"~fal~alat was n m:l,ter of. imag:.IllatIOn \\ ho~e I all1minoll'"poclic OUlPllt will el'cr he cher­i~hed IJ) ~tudcllt" of Gujar:ttiliterature Ht' <I;e<1 in 1946:Ifll'r " ['l1Ilful ,·:lrel."r of (jQ

) e:lI'" Cerl:llllly ch,.. ere:lleslof modcrns, Nan:l1:l1 is reg:lrde<.lnot by a few :lS the gre:nestGujnr:lti poet ever. The f1i~htsof hi~ poeti.e fancy, the rythmieIIcalll)' lOf hI'; \\'orcl~ :lllli phI a~c~

0111<1 III~ philo~o"h)' <or life a'1,)\ e h.'l ... enrncd fnr him a highplnct' alllonf.." conlemporary £n­<lial1l'0('I", .'\Ithollg:h illr milchof hi~ work he ll~cd Ill'" non­metrical ,t} Ie, he al .... , \\ rotcnUlI1erous poem.... in re~ular

metre~. of which thi~ poem isooc:-

THE MOUNTAINS

feel them "hudder at deacl ofni.crht,

\Vhell the black wave ~teals

o'cr the world,And the heart that \\'a' ~trong'

but a moment ag-oQuivers in nameless fri~ht.

As lonely as the clouds that~rope,

Their way across the sky,They huddle and ratlle their

bonl!S of clay,Like the cleat! who havc die<1

without hope.Cold as the VOICCS of saint8 lanC'

dead,Shrifl as the peacock's scream,Is the feel or my breath anll the

cry of my heart,As I look at the mountains

ahead.As the shuddering- eye of the

God of TimeSets all worlds a-tremor with

fear,So the mountains of pitch in

the heart of the ni~ht.

Make infants of men in theirprimc.

And finally a duet by Kha­bnrdar. Ardeshar Framji Kha­banlar is nnother ~reat poetwhose poetic effort has in­crea"ed with advancinR: years.This poct. a Parsi. wns electedPresident of the Guj:lr:lti Lit­erar)' Conference in 19~2 Kha­hardar is an ildcpt in catching'the pre\'ailing- mood of thepeople. hI thi. ,Inet Ite por­trayS the feelingll of a woman.3ud of her warrior husbandauout to lea\'(" for Ihe hattle­lielll:-

DUETSHE:

Ah I let l1Ie rin thi. flower ofwhitc

Large a~ the "ih'cr 1110011Upnn II\(' tU'U:lll of 111)' lord.It will not wither <oon

HE;White :'IS thyself. de:!.!' I~ve

it shows '

Hut I would ne.ed a smallerrose.

SHE:I:ainl heart. what makes thee

turn in fearFrom flo\\'ers thaI I would

ia ... ten here l'HE:: •

Dark l~ the nig-ht that coversme,

\\'hile arc the flower!> thatghine.

Each solcller battles ror hislove.

And so lIlust .I for mine,

SHE:I would 1I0t teach thee, Love,

to fear,Ri<1c on to fig-ht thy war.Bc ruthless on the battlefield,I could not love thee more.

lIE:\Vith saffron thou bast

touched my brow,And made It frlow with light:

SHE:Come back a conquering

soldier, lord,\V,th all a conqueror's mi.!:ht.

HE:Within this heart I bear the

prideOf 1\·Iother and of \Vife :

SHE:Ii thou wouldst be a warrior.

Lord,'Twere J::'0od to give thy life.

HE:Farewell, de:lr heart, thy

flowers 50 big-Are smaller far than mine,My love is as the ocean wide,And, for the Jrarland I shall

twineA\~I~ thy neck-I'll pluck it

From out the Rainbow'shoard of Jrold,

(Poems versified by Muriel"Vasi.)

-Courte3)' All Iadla RldIo aadPress JnlormaU"" Bano.oIJ Gonra.niftlt fo India

What We Are LikeAs A People

.. I was .Iold by 1111 English­mnn who knew the Turk~ wellIhat Turkish humour e\'ol\'edlal'g-ely around personalitiesanti that Iht: Inere Illention ofthe IInme of n perSall associatedwith a t:llent for wit W:lScertain to create langhter.Chesterton "nid man}' 'ycarsag:o that a Illilll rtlllnin/Z afterhis wife was not half as funn)'as a In:tn rnnnill~ :ther his hatalld I think thai thl' ~:llIll' senq~

of the ludierou, is stronelypresent in rndian humour. AI~tdicto\ls situation proj~ts.t~ekle!l Our visible faeulties. wesit b:Jck :lnd enjoy it."

-Prank Horll8l,-Courtn, All I "clla Radl".

~e S('en~ Is In the Templ~ of Goddess "ali. Fro." left to right are: -Nalshatra. tbe King's b:;;;:;r~>'::;~~=;:~a't~o:H,gb Pr,esl of 90ddes. Mil, tbe Goddess Kali, Dbruv,the King's adopted ~n, the King Go.inda aDd Cenera! Na)on

Ral. The Klog forbids the shedding of b~ood In tbe Temple.

of the Kio('. adopted' sonDhruva, aod the temple servantTaisiog, wbo, by his self ascrificefinally kills tbe falsebood thatlucks the lifeblood 01 theworld.

Those talaing part were RadhaSingh as Queen Gunavati, CyrilNur.oo as King Govinda, IshwarAmin as Raghupati the priest,Krisbnamurti Somers as ]aising,the •temple servant, E,therSundrum as Aparoa, tbe beggarGirl, Mic/aael JOI~eph as Naksha.tm,tbe King', brother. ArchibaldLazrus as General Nllyan Rai,NadaselJ PiJlay as LieutenantChandpal, Zuleikba Christophera. tbe Queen's attendant andAnsuyah Choudbree as Dbruva,the King's adopted SOD.

The play was very well pro·duced and the acting was

349

CHOICE BEFOREHUMANITY

H UMANITY has a cboicebetweea atomic war and

destruction or the establishmentof a Dew political and socialorder.

Various experiments havebeen made by politicians. Newalliances, treaties and pactswere signed-they mainly re­mained a dead letter. Thechaos, unemployment and hatredbrous:ht about by World War IIis still with us. Failure of poli.ticians to utilise wisdom andrestraint has made the patientworse instead of belter,

~.- - ~ ~~--""'

Dr. Ralph J. Bunche, notedUnited States educator of theUnited N:llions TrusteeshipCouncil, who recently was award­ed the Nobel Peace Pr::e for1950 in recognition of his con­tribution to international peaceas United Nations mediator inthe Palestine war. Dr. Bunche,46 years old, is the first Negroever (0 win the Nobel award.

-(Cou.rluy UoSJ.s.)

charmi\ll:'. Musical Accompani.ment, provided by Shahensbawas very much apprepriated andthe dancer in the Tomple, Raghu­batby Pillay danced most grace­fuUy. The music' providedbelore the play, by the ShalimarRe:ording Studio Orchestra,Mogambal, Madhavan aDd Sus.hila Rani. too, was very Ilood.

00 the'tbe wbole tbe eveningwas a delightful one, Bnd oneleft with a feeling 01 completesatisfaction.

Pauline Morel as tbe pro­ducer and the act Jrs la~'ng

p"rt arc to bc very heartilycongratulated. We sincerelyhope tbat this play marks thebeginning 01 many more sucbplays. "Sacrilice" is a playthat should be seen by on~

aDd all.

OPINIONINDIAN

SACRIFICE

SpeCial Oiwali Number

THE Durban InternationalClub gave to the public B

very grand performaoce of"Sacrifice," B play written byRabindranathTagor~,and stagedby Pauline Morel, on FridayOctober 27, at tbe Bantu SocialCentre.

"Sacrifice" is tbe story of apriest in tbe temple of tbe God­dess Kali, named Ragbupatiwbo demand. b!ood sacrificefor bis Goddess, and a king,King Govinda, who, moved by

. the distress of a begger girl,Damed Aparna forbids the shed­ding of blood in the Temple.The scene begins in B Templeof Kati in the kingdom of Tri·pura. The consequent conflictinvolves the Kiog's weaklingbrotber,Naksbatra. The childlessqueen, Queen Gunavati, 'jealous,

Th.. ba~ic causes o[ war arepow.. r politics, militarism, andgreed, The forces of peace inmotion are disarm m n , rec Jr •

ciliation, humility and dl~nity.

\Var and armament "riOt! un.limited taxation nnci sacrificesto the people. The moneynow beioe: raised is forthe political self.preserva.tion nod prepetu dion of asmall lot of parasites.

The people 01 the world mustrefuse to be misled any loneerby politicians who il/nore justiceaod peaceful methods. In orderto promote peace, prosperityand welfare, peace rriend~every­wh"re will contioue to war\;: {ortce abolitioo ol war UDder anypretence whatever.

Richnrd HoHman.

350 INDIAN OPtNION Speclal Dlwali Number

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Special Diwali Number I N DIAN OPINION 351

Offices of the Natal Cane Growers Associationat Stanger, Natal.

INDIAN CANE GROWERS IN NATALSUGAR INDUSTRY

By P. N. VALODIA

Siogh, M. Yusr, A. Hoonsamy,J. Chitoo, M. S. Naidoo, S.Mackoo, R. RamlakaD, H. Ram·baroD, S. Prag, S. Velloo, R.Maharaj, M. H. Khan, S. V.PilIay, Hoosen 5ba, J. Fsyer9and R. K. Naidoo.

(See Page 322)

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CONDEMNEST rHOU HIM NOT.

lVhy ccmdemnest thou him. 0.' black broth~r,

For his apartheid policy?Though he thy so-called guardian ( father)Bringeth upon thee this misery.

Though embracest thou at each step a blow,Though deprived art thee of thy liberty,Go'st thou on thy path and always show,That thou art a part of humamty.

Why condemnest thou him, Of black brother,He who stands in spiritual negav'ty?May he be strengthmed t~at backward brother,To step higher and recognise equality,

Effects follow all causes good or bad,Rise, development and fall hast evuytfllllg,May it be the sane, mad or cadFor "Th; Law" remaim alway; in full spring.

Why clmdemnest thou him, O! black brother?Though face ye apparent adversities,Thou needeth not tremble and shudderFor in it layst thy opportunities. " '

Incrtaseth thou not in humility,In patieJIce, temperence and industry?Gaineth thou not from this contro~ers}"

The Government's apartheid policy?

Be thou not discouraged, Of black brother.By the clouded darkness oj today,For that is the Taw of nature's weather,·Bringing in the end a bright sunny day.

s.identl: Mrf5u. S. Ram~obiD,

S. V. Naldoo, Ramp/otal, S.RoopsiDgb and M. M. G'lveoder,Exective: Messrs. N. p. Naidoo,M. G. Naicker, K. Makkansin,::hJ\. N, MabBrai, J. B. Stephens,~'. K. Gevendef, Jobo P. Lutcb­mUllsingb, G. Badul, R. VeD~et­

.amy, R. Purmeswar; p. R.Singh, ~. R. Maharaj aod R.Debalee. Secretary: Mr. D. D.Lalla, Treasurers: Mr. T. p.Sam. Legal Advisor Advecatt:AIr. A. Christopher. CentralCommittee: Musrs. M. Appal­raju, C. M. ~oodley, RornpeHad

Stan!:er. Ths offices bave beenremoved to these buildings.

The Association is anxious toerect a blocla of offices on thepTnpr:ty so that it could move10 modern and up·to.datebuildings.

The Pn·<idenl of the Associ••tiou, ?lr. Hbrrysing Bodasill,h,has devoted much valuable timeaDd bas spent ..nany hours to­wards makill~ the Assnci.. tionone of the most powerful or,::­anisalions_ At his borne "TheLucknow," New Gueldtrlaotl, onbehalf of the Association, hehas ent~rtaineu tbe late Mioislerof Commerce a:>d Industries. Mr.S. F. Watersou: tbe Hon. Mr.D. G. Sbepstone and the 1>1..m.bers of the Board of Trade "ndIndustries.

The Present Officials 01 theAssocielioD arl':-Presideol: Mr.Harrysiog Bodasiog. Vler.Pre_

The AssociatinD today isproud of its achievements,Notably amongst these is thetotal abolition of all discrimi·natory clauses based on racialgrounds in the Sugar Agreement.The amelldments to the Agree.ment promulgated early tbisyear bave placed the DOD.Europeans on equal footingwith all section~ of the growers.

The Associatioo in the pastfour years has distributed quitea large amount iD the way ofsuppltmeDtary payments to itsnumerous growers.

In the course of the year theAssociation has imposed a levyof 6d. per ton on deliveries ofsugar cane and purchased tbeex-Town Board Buildings at

Il.Dd the Government and a sud.den urge prompted them toimmediately organise themselvesioto a body to watch tbeirintereste.

The Sugar Agreement con­tained many clauses adverselyafl:ectillg the non· Europeangrowers aod since its promulga.tiOD in '935 tbe Associahonheaded by its late Plesideot,Mr. N. Bodaliiog, and legaladvisor, :IIr. A. Christopher aDdother representatives met theMinister of Commerce aodIndustries and tbe Board ofTrade and Industries on numer.ous occasions aDd submitted thegrievaoces and tbe disabilitiesthat the nOIl.Europeaos sulIered.

The War years were a greathandicap to the Association asno major alterations to tbeSugar Agreement could beundertaken.

THE Natal Indian CaneGrowers' Association is an

organisation representing theIndian gro'wen in the su~arindustry. Its memhership con.si.ts of the entire Indian plant­en numbering over 1,:100. TheseRrowers' farms are situatedfrom Port Sbepstone in theSouth· Coast to Tugela in theNorth Coast. Tbe body wasorganised with the object cfwatcbing tbe interests and work.ing for the general progress andadvancement of its members.In J93E wben the Sugar Agree.ment was heing re.vised and thequota system introduced, Iodiangrowers obselVed that they werenot represflDted at the con.ferences between the J illdustry

3S2 INDIAN OPINION Special Diwali Number

(Fnou OUR OWN OORRESPONDENT)

Baroda,'October :23.

OUR INDIA LETTERA T the Pacific Relation!l Con­ference, which is holding

its seslion at Lucknow, says 0

report in the 'Hindustan Timu'dated the loth: "duriog discu,.sions on imperialism and at.tempts by natioDs of tbe Westto prove indirectly, if not direct·ly, tbat Asia should side withthe Anglo.American loloc in itsfight against aggression, racial.ism in South Africa also crop.ped up. \t was an Asian dele·gate who raised tbe racial ques.tion and referred (0 it as '~bock­

ing discriminatioD.' The dele.gate was tryiog to explainAsia's bitterness against im.perialism and coloniali9ffi fromwhich many nations 01 A~ia hadfreed themselves only recently.""It is understood tbat none ofthe West at the round table,"the report goes on to say, "de.fended racialism in South Africa.Thus the Pacinc Relations Con­ference, attended by delegate~

from nations including the U.K.the U.S.A. Bud France, can besaid to have unequivocally COD.

demned racialism in Soulh Afri­ca as most appalling.

T8ndon on UnityBhri P. Tandon, Congress Pre_

sident, speaking at Allababadwarned the people not to b~swayed by tlIe dangerous sloganof 'Hindu Raj'. No Govern.IJ" ent, hll saltl, coul:) over bllluccessful if it was based on lit.

partlcull\r religion or scripture.They we, ; not to follow the waysof FakistDo, who bsd committcda tJunder by declariog her ioten·tiODS of forming Dn IslamicGovernment. Shri TandoD madea fervent appeDI for unity amoogtbe vnnous communities in tbiscountry. It WBS Ibe duty of theHindus in India, he said, to seetbat their Muslim brethren livediQ this couotry witbout fear ormolestation. Muslims or tbiscountry, be .aid, should re",ardI"dl'" as tbeir owo Motherlandaod work foc ber prosperity,Uhder the Indian culture, headded, Hiodus and Muslimswould be rej:arded 8S two sepa_'rate communities but part aodpncel of an or~anic whole.

Palel At HyderabadDutioR his visit to Hydera~ad

~ aroar Patel spoke at sevnalmeetiogs. Bpeakingabout tbe Cf'n.trc's inllbility to extend adequatehelp to the State Government hereferred to the recent declarationof the Pakistlin 'rime r.linistertbat India was tbe only eD'myfrom whicb tbey (Pak.stao} badanything to fear. "Until we Bre.ure of Pakistan's designs, wesball have to spend crores on ourdefence," said the Sardar, andadded that it would be mildnessto' desire war between India andPakistao. "In peace and in(ommunal harmony," be said,

RACIALISMlies tbe welfare and bappinell ofHyderabad."

To Mualimll

"I wish 'to~tell the Muslims,"added the Sudar, "tbat theyare equals, tbat they bave equalri",btl as Indian citi~ens, lindtbat tbey are entitled to live inpeace and complete protectionof the law Bnd Goveroment. Atthe same time, every Iodiaodtillen, and whether be is aHindu or a Muslim, will haveto behave as an Indian, aud thesooner they realise this the bet.t~r. Some might thinla Pakistanis a place for pilgramagll forthem. If they really believe tbisisso then it is their duty to leavewithout any delay. We shallplace DO difficulty in their path.Such a departure W'ould bll inthe interests not only of theman wbo feels this way but alsl>in the interests of the Muslim'of India. The other day theGovernor 01 \Vest Punjab saidin L~bore thal Pakistan had tomaotaiD an army to protectthe three cror~s of Muslims inIndia. I am surprised tbat hehad cheek the to say so. If any­body has played false to theinterests 'Of Indian Muslims, ifanybody bas damaged theircause irreparably, jf anybody hasexploited the feelings and senti·ments of Indian Muslims, it istbose who wanted tbis country'spartioo. It i", tbey wbo are toblame fore vcrycbing tbat basb"ppeGed:' Pleadiog lor com­muoal harmony in Hyderabad,he said "I want to also appealto Hindus to (orllet tbe past.I ask sensible men on both sidesto try and c.eate tbat feeling ofuoity and Roodwill. OLirs IS II

secular SIBte. Wecannot fashionour policies or ~hapeour conductin tbe ~ay Pakistan does.

Gand~jjl's WishReferriol: to this the Sardar

said "F;"" minutes before bedied, I bad completed an hour'shean to beart talk with him Iknow wilb what leeliD~s in hisLenrt be left Ihe world. I koowwbat be wanted. He never BC­cept~d partitioD, but he did notwisb to upset it, except in hisnou-violeol """y. After settlingtbi~~s in I~dia and malllingIud.a secure for minorities hewanted to go to Karachi to per.suade Musiims there to tllkc-'hllCIathll Hindus and Sikhs and thenunFeUlli . the partitiofl. r, ¥ethouJht It v.-n ba£icalJy wronglor two pari! of the same t;la tiou

CONDEMNEDto carve out different territoriet.That is why be was appealingto tbe Hindus Ilnd MutlilM inIndia to come togetber. It itoo1y when tho ludia MWllim!fet:l as Indians and there is acbanjte of bealt between botbcommunities that we can reali.eGandbiji's dream of.communalharmony.

PukhtoonistanA waming tbat tbe peace

and security of the Middle Eastregion of Asia was gravelythreatened by the imtlerillJi.ncpolicy of Pakistan in forcing itsdomination on some sevenmiJIiou Pukhtoonll Jivinr; in thetribal belt and in the ad.ministered area on the NorthWeit Frontier was today utteredby the Afghan Ambassador inIndia. "rhe Afghan Gover&­ment" be said, "in all sincertybas repeatedfy asked the Paki,­tan Government to change itspresent policy and to reocognise the rights and freedomof thl" Pukhtoons. Thll Dobandiclash, like all other clashes overthe land of the Pukhtoons. is inreality the struggle between thenationalist and freedoa.-Iovin&people of Pukhtoonistan, andthe occupying and foreiRDtroops of the Karachi Govern­ment. There is nol a singleregular or irregular troop ofAfgbllDistan involved in theseclashes." The Ambass~dor re­fecced to tbe continued in­carceration nf Khan AbdulGaffar Khan in Pakistan andexpressed his re~ret' over it.He revealed that duriog thepast two montbs more thana dozen attacks by pakistantroop' and miliha bsd beenmade against the Pukhtoons,Bnd that frequent clasbes bt­tween Pukhtoonist::ln nationaltroops and PakIstan tr'lops

.were taking place. Tbere Wtreair bombardments also by tbePukbtooos. The Ambassadorsaid that Afghanistlln neverrecognised the British-drawn'Durand line' between theN.W.F. and Afghaoistao, andsaid Pakistan bad no right tolegllrd the tribes as "a heritagefrom tbe British"

India And The World"\Ve 'lire DOt seekinll or at­

tempting to Bohlel e tbe lead.!r·.hlp of Asl<l or of aDy grou.p ofnationa," BIlld Pandlt Nebrn ata Prasa conference at New Delhion the 16th. "To talk of Aalllas'.. polltlsl Dnlt II mltleadlnll,"

he .aid. "The oommon featare01 Asia loday are a reBoUontrom the previoul Colonialregtm~, a resnr~ent nallonanlm,aammn movemeDlI, a dellire loIret ,fd of onr eoonomio hack.wardneu, and II passIonate tugefor freedom. Genera]]y Ipeak­lng, the countries of Alia liredeveloping or wllh to developdemooratlo constltatlons. MOltof tbem are opposed to tota­litarianIsm al represented eitherby commnnism or tMCInn."Tnrnlolr to lhe world IUnatlonhe Atd: "It II of paramoantImportanCB to avoid a world war.Iu avoiding It Bny aggressioncannot be tolerated because thatIn IllIeIf leads nltlmately tothe WBr we wllth to avoid.Agar 81810n bllll to be met bymilitary or other me3Ull butml1llary meauBllhonld only be usedwhen olher means are notavilable,"

India And U.N.Referting to the UN he said:

"Any attempt to cbange theb88io provialons of the Oharteror to exolade a partioalar nationhas tar reaohing rcaalt!!, and weare opposed to it." He pleadedagain for tbe admission of NewOhina to the UN. After thecollapse of the North' Koreanarmiee in South Korea. he felt,an effort onght to have beenmade for "a peacetol aolnllonwhlob could only be based on annified independent Korea anda fresh election nnder the aa­spices of the UN." He added:"We do not agree with prOPOS3l1lto areate leparate armed toroellOD bebalf of tbe UN in eaohconntry. Bocause of our dill·agreement with major paris otthl. resolntlon, we coold notjoin the Korean Oommlssion.'·There was, however, he said, DOquestion of India's withdrawalfrom tbe UN. India, he re­vBaled, had not enoouraged aPaoiao Paot, and thooght that 8

move In that dlreollon WM not aright ODf'. The Goveremeut ofItldia:~ foreilln polloy, he eald:had the snpport ot, oall it whBtyon llkl'. 99 per oent of thePopu.lation or 99 per cent of thepeople who thInk "boot it Inthll coantry." Referring Ipeoi­fic:ally to the UN he added I canunder.tand the Dae of ml1ltaryforoel by the UN in Korea orany Olhtr plaoe Where aggressiofltakes place. Bot when' ItCDmll to tbe p0881bUlly of aworld war. If It cOlDes Inspll'3 of oa, It hu t" be fa.oed.Bol tbe qnesllon Is whetber wetry to avoid Us coming Illl lar lUI

po.slble, or creote condillonlwhere It II more likely 10 oome.What Is hllppeDlng today b. Ibelieve, an attempt to ohanllElthe baalo oha~oter of the UN.Thatla a senonl atflllr, bec30sewe are going beYond what ItWIlB melnt to be.

Tel. Add. "KAPITANS."I

353

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OPINION

353

INDIAN

CONTENTS

A CUl, 5C'ratch or 5o(Jre rlC'maods C"wcur3.- q,wck I Tins ""'OOlhlng. aoll5~ptlcOmtment is c""II[ctllt'nt lor .cb:aJing. ht::U,r:lSb. 9.C:l..lp UTltntlons. rough b3Jld~ andtired acbJng feel. Cuncur:'l OLnlmentshculd be used fo ~very Il<l\b( hold

• PROTECTS from GERMS -.~lrROMOTES HEALING

Seed CatalogueI)i~hn's JQ50 Illustrated Calll'

Jo~ue 01 all Flower and V<'ce.b.ble ::'et'rl~. DOW available.Kindly wltte to Di~tiD'S, Box2060, Job.H,oesburil', for yourlr~~ ropy.............,..-..-.-.........-

The: Prime Mini';lcr .\nd (}epUly

l"rime: Min!!lter's ('hOlu

-Po N. \·.Ion,a 3;'Ollr India Lc::tter 35~

Communalilm And Indo-l'2.1ci,..tanReJatioD'3

-Alokananda Mlh.bhlnli JHThe Possinc: or A Grn. Soul 347Irh. LtJ,·, SoniA Afrha j;",

-Robert LatArence McKibbin 347

The roetry or Gular.. 348

What We Are Lile A, A People-Frank Morau 348

Sacrifice 3.9

Choice ndole Humanity-Richard Hoffman 341)

Indi."n Ca.ne G,owC'r,; In N~tal SU~~T

Indus.r, .:is.Ctm,/,.'Jllust 7 lit", 11un ,/Vol

DI.all AmI Ne... Veor-(;dlto.jAI JJl

Our Special Number 333

Abo.. AII-T":lh-L. W. Ritch 334

Wo,..A"dP~QU

-;Lon~rdlo... 334

Wale Up !lAnlu! . JJ5

MohammAd lIl.qbool Sher".n; 335The A.t Of Tnb.1 I",lift

-Verrier EI\Io.in. 335

NotelADd Ne". Of The Week Jl6"OemocrAcy Will Nol Win Thtoul:b

By Violt:nce."-R. W. Soren.en, ~t. r. 337

ShadOWI A"d beht-R. W. S. 337

Truth In Literatnre-Soondr. 111. App.voo IIl.R.S.L. 339EMt Afrie. 34"

TIl< Ballad Of 1111, .lla7~o.1 S/"':""al/;-Charles Whltlon Storl 310

Wh.l h 1I10nl Re.Ann.menl'-Henry McNicol 34t

34'Bt SIrfJlIt 342

Delel:ole. To M".~l Re·A.malOentAssem hI)· 343

~'1ndern Tnnspott System SenesBombay's Thre~ Millions

-N.ndan B. K.£~I 3H

345

'fiEt~I~~ ~lil~ 'H .tM,.;i'It'l~o\ 3".':

~""l"l ~'l'\ 'H 'lil{l!:'O\1c(\~l:"l ,,'l<"

""pH 33\

33"-il'lIUll 33'"

<l'\!1";\ (",~) ""•.~I'!'!!.n>l lI>:t "'IU1!Pli "'Il>l,t

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"'II ",\',,">Ii<l\ o{lll.'ll '" ••• 3\<

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5,.elal Dlwall Number

India And Paki.tanTbe Prime Mlnleter Illao olarl­

fled India'. pOIItlon In reg8rd 10the nrloua leanea between Indiaand Pakl.tan. Oonslderableoonespondf'ooe hes takeD p18011between the two Govtlrnmenta Inu.peol of the olIer made byIndl. between Ihe two Govern­mente. "At the pre!ent mo.ment," eald Pandlt Nehru,"there are four major dleputeshetweeu India and Paklstau­(1) Kaehmir, (2) evsouee pro­perty, (3) OSDlll waters, and (4)exohaDge ration." No. 1 la be'fore the Seourity Counoil, andNo. 4 before the Intf!rnallonalMonetary Fand. With regard tothe other two, he said, "we havenggeated that a tribunal coo­alellng of two judges from Indiaand two Judgn from PakletaD,both of. the Waheet etandard,Ihould decide thue two dleputee,and that w~ would abide by aoydeoidon tbey oome to. We baveofIered tbat lhlll tribunal mightCODsider BOY other present orfature desputee which might becODsidered JU811clsble lIt Is oleartbllt non·jD8ticisble dilpntes ofa p01lU081 oature oanoot be re­ferred to a trlbunlll of tble kind."

354 INDIAN 0 P I"N ION Special Diwali NumlHlr

PRIME MINISTER AND DEPUTY PRIME MINISTER OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDIAMAY YOU LIVE LONG TO GUIDE THE DESTINY OF OUR MOTHERLAND

~l1~+{l~ ~lret ~l~Cll tl~· ~ql

fii~o1l «~t )t~lo1 :l){~ o1\~"t «~t )t~.(to1

i I

PANDlf JAWAHARLAL NEHRU AND SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATELHoth crlcl>rat~ Ib~1r birlbdoyl. Sud.... Palol eelebntl.d his 761b birthday on October 31. Poodi! Nehru eelebral~ bl. 61.1 bltlhdlY on No••mber 1-1.

'l"net 4""'~ ~'c·i.Ca ;.'\~~ ~~ ~i~~l~ "t~-t(HQomJ '.l11O\'M~eH °-t

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"Tcmpof.:a.ry f:ulure has little' signifiClcce when the :lim is • oc'\~e has 1101. dimmisbed the p .... :s.lon ....bkh ( bc'\r to .$et: my C'ullnt,y greathigh ilnd 1hc struggle bound to be: :I. long one; it is but the : and to ensure th&t the foundations of our (reedom arc \\ell :and securely lairJ

incentive 10 further effort Often It leaches us more than " • :;o~~~,:~:r~:~~~::o::~~~:':;·;~<lMm':;h~:~~~~.'o e~.~: '~:. u~~~·'o~o~;';: 7,::.~:'~':~~ficla~~Yi~::J:~~:;cl~::s i~s~:~::e :~; g::::C~Uc;~:5'mi~~~ i IIt,le "~7 to Ay end 1<7, it is, 00 the wiog. With 011 ..oo..,.y and ."Dc.ln...

for an cxplanalloD of that failure." : ;C!I~:.~::::;~.:o':.,c::~~~;~~b::'~v:~:~c I:~ ~~e,.:;.::~o~:d ~h::::~.:o•.:':J~

-Pandft Nehru. := :':~hc~:6~t::::~h~:: ~:·"~I~b::~o.~:, o~i~~:i:~~'I:tli;~~:'i;on"t~:'~:il:~b:r"::COUGtry.t1

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M. I. Gardee &. Sons (Pty) Ltd,. P. '0, Box 21,

Wbite RiYef Station, E. Transvaal.

First Class single wIthout food £66-0-0Second .... 45-0-0Inter-Class 30-0-0Unberthed (Deck) without food 18-15-0

Muslim Special Food £10-17-6 Ordinuy Food £4-15-0Hindu 5pec:1al Food £10-0-0 Ordinary Food £4-2-0Bookings lor 1st. 2nd. Inter·Class and Unberthed (Deck) can

be effected by communication with us by telegram Of letters.

For further particulars apply to-SHAIK HIMED & SONS [pry] LTD.

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B. I. S. N. CO. ltd.Announce the re·introduction of direct calls at Karachi.5.S. Kampala sails from Lourenco Marques on Dec. 12.

Passengers must conform with the Vaccination aDd YellowFever innoculation requirements and obtain certificates from theirDearest District Surg~on. Innoculation by and certificates from

private Medical Practitioners will not be accepted.

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322 I H D I A H 0 , I H ION Spedal Diwali t"u~ber

OFFICIALS OF THE NATAL INDIAN CANE GROWERS ASSOCIATION(1942)

Tor ROW: Left 10 Ril:bl: C R. !\Ioons:lmy, G R. Brilmo""", S. R. J\.lIbar~J, John BodasrnCh, V. Sub""", S. R. JO'lbua, M. Appalnj".!'dIDDLE ROW: M. K. Go"lIdrr, Shaikh Mobid...,,,, G. R~aluln, £>. R. Stnch, H. BodMilll:b. 1\1. Ramlaltan, N. P. Naldoo. J. B. Stepbeos.

SEATED: S. V. Naidoo (Vice-Presidenl), S. Roopslng. (Vice.Presidenl), Ad,ocate A. Cbrislophu~ Adviser). D. D. Lalla (5ecntar7).N. Bods.ioCh (1'"".1d""I), T. P. S~no. (Treasurer,. S. Ralllportal (Vlce-Ptesld."t). R. PurlllcswlU' (VIcc.Prnldent). S. Ramgobin (Vic:e.P~ld"t.)

OFFICIALS OF THE NATAL INDIAN CANE GROWERS ASSOCIATION( 1948-1949)

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INDIAN OPINION

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Speci.l Diwati Number829

PHONE 33-2651MASTER BROS.

MANUFACTURERS OF LADms' "" GIRLS' STRAW "" FELT HATSWHOLESALE MERCHANTS "" DIRECT IMPORTERS

HOUSE FOR KEEN CASH PRICES33 West Street. JOHANNESBURG.

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~~ ti\~i 't~il:Cl~b ~~~NATHOO TABHA

107 Queen Street,Phone: 24647 Telegrams: "HANI"

DURBAN.

iJable &. Tel. Add.: IlBARGVAII". Pbone 29838.

P. HARGOVAN & CO.(PTY.) LTD.

WHOLESALE MERCHANTSAND IMPORTERS...~._.,-,.~.",.,-._."'-'.'-'.4

P. O. BOX 1250.

15517 Warwick Avenue

DURBAN.

M. J. PATELINTERNATiONAL SPORTS COMPANY

Importers & Exporters & GeneralCommission Agents

10 P¢king Road~ I\awoon~ "O"G KOOG.

Special attention is paidto indent orders

Write To Us For Further Particulars.

'l'Y SOlO WID (PAl'.....CUUI HR1D1CHB POVDBRSflOII TOUI CHlIIJIT.1 'L. 1/•• 2/e ...../1: o:r rOST PIli nOIll

HUEST TYSON, CHElII9r, TOLLCATE, DUB~A" r49.

HANNON'S DET.OTlVE AGIENOY (FTY.) LTD.MANAGING DIREcrOR: O. HANNaH, .evenleeR yea.. RO)'ll1 Irl.b

CDuubolary and Criminal Investigation Deporlmelll, S. A. Police.MlU1q.". : MINDEH PLUMLEY~ eo: He.don Police Collelle and Crimi·

hoi IAnotlsallon Department, New IcotllU1d Yard, London.Cri",lnal, C.",merclal and M.trimonlal J"n.tilalio". Curled 0.1

In Siricte.t Confidence.11/IZ ,~ Cbat..n, J..,. Stroot; P.O. 80. 5199, ~"""Il'

·n-.t-OIfln: n·77n. • Aft..........: 24-41-(1 •

HEADACHES QUICKLY RELIEVEDBY TAKING

THE

NEW. INDIA ASSURANCECOMP.ANY LIMITED.

Life, Plre. Motor ear, Motor Lorry,Motor Bus, ~IDte Glass, Workmen's

(!ompensation, Etc. Etc,

r··..n~ ....._-;:·;:l-o~;~.:·..·......·..........lI .,NATVAR MANSION" i! 74. Victoria Street, ~

I DURBRN. !I T.lepbDll9 258-45. P. O. Boll: 1610. ii Tel. Add: "I{USTOMJEE " ii Durban. ~'-_ _ ...-n__ln " .. n .. I1 11t :

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Tra1UJI)aal Office: jROOMS NO. 12 & 13. I

BARKLY ARCADE, !Digonal Street. !

JOflANNESIlURG. !

I T.lephDne 33 447B ~Tel. Jl/ld: "RUSrO",JEE" ~

'....".".....__u.~~,~.~.~~::~..~.~~:...."......._._....JJ ALB H' 0 Y RUSTOM J EE

Principal Representatiye For Tbe Union Of Soutb Africa

330 INDIAN OPINION

P.o. Ball: 1760.JOHANNESBURG.

SPRINCBOK

'.l. ;\cld: "ehut'otuT" '.'.'Phone: 33-9885.

MANCHESTER TRADINC-CD. LTD.­

ESTABLISHED 1928,_......,.....................-...............~~4iII".~ .......

~~ ...S~-;& Fancy Goods Merchants-&-

Direct Importers.

47. Commissioner Street,JOHANNES~URG.

~ p?! (S.-~tl ~t ~ll'i\~ov~: >t~IllI\' ""\lIllllllnf 6Ifi~lt·UII'\I.

d .• M<ioO ~&nra.,. il'...·"" -non a~", ttUll til..,."''ti,.un ~Sl blO\LtQiit lAit.

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'u1l1 tQ5\\ 'a\L'! SlL.L "'''''..~£ ~&"r .,~ ""'''''itJ.'" Ol"tn",i ~""t(\ "L'\ll~'

PHONE 33·6676. P. O. BOX 3680.

THE NEW DIL-KHU8H SWEET MART.34 Pruidul Street Conn Diareaal St., JohanDa1larr

"FEiONE 33·7944~ P.O. BOX 4889,

TEL ADDRESS: ..ARVIN D."

LIFE INSURANCEAre you adequately wW'ed 1

Have you provided for yoUt' depend.Du?Preparo for the future

Life IMurance gives peace of mind for the unhownfutW'e.

IDsure witb "THE OLD MUTUAL" your friend for Life­The S.A. Mutual Life AulUl1Dce S~ety, which h~1

best BOOla record in the WORLD.

Repre#entative:-

DAYABHAI PATEL} Bueiaee. 33-0711 I

Pboael:- Reaidllac:e 33.5961 .

---------------11:----------------------,COLLECEP-O. BOX 8243,

J 0 HAN N E S BUR G.New and up-to-date courses for Standards

VI, VII, J.e., Seaior Certificate and Matriculation.Languages, Maths, Science, Physiology, Commerce,

HfstClry~ Geography, Etc, Etc.

ALL LEeTURES DRRWN UPBY EXPERTS.

Write To-day Fo,. Full Particulars.LOOK BEFORE YOU LEAP, BUT LEAP AHEAD

WITH mE SPRINGBOK.

HEAD OFFICE:409. KRUGER ST.,. LOUIS TRICHARDT.

FHONE 64. PO BOX t06.TEL, ADD: "KANJEE."

H. K. GOKAL.WHOLESALE

GENERAL MERCHANT AND DIRECT IMPORTER.

OUR MOTTO: U SERVICE THAT SATISFIEs:r

43 Market: St:re/e1:, JO~ANNESBURG"

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