offshore platform technology
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Offshore Platform Technology
Dan Dolan
MMI Engineering
Oakland California
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Offshore Platform Technology
Current offshore wind power platforms The application of offshore oil and gas
technology to offshore wind Current efforts on the development of
design standards for offshore wind
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Definitions
Waterline
Mudline
Support
Structure
Tower
Substructure
Foundation
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Current Practice - Monopiles Most widely used
Very simple design
Installations up to 16 ftdiameter
Driven or drilled into place
Lateral load capacity islimited
Performs best in shallowwater
Sites in 65 ft water depthsHorns Rev
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Current Practice Gravity Base Structures Fewer existing applications
Steel or concrete
Provides some additionalinstallation options
Seabed preparation is
required Scour can be a problem
Overturning is resisted
through weight Performs best in shallow
water
- Sites in 30 ft water depthNysted
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Current Practice Jackets
Beatrice
Fewest existing
applications Multiple, smaller piles
More complex designand fabrication
Strong and stiff
Can be used in
deeper water sites
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Current Distribution
Offshore Wind Farm Installations
0
5
10
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Water Depth (m)
Number
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Concept Selection
Concrete
Monopiles
Bottom
Founded
Gravity Base
/Mat
Foundations
Pile Founded
Self Floating Lift InstalledMultiple Pile
Systems
Braced
CaissonsJackets
Compliant
TowersSteel
Floating
Tension Leg
Platform
Centenary
Moored
Spars Calm Buoys
Bottom
FoundedFloating
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Floating Concepts
Many hull shape and mooring
alternatives
Applicable to deep water sites
Extends reach well beyondbottom founded concepts
Eliminates view-shed issues
Potentially lower CAPEX cost
Sea keeping and rotor sensitivityto motion are key issues
Ref Drijftwind
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Range of Concept Applicability
Monopiles
Jackets Floating
Systems
Transition
Depths
Cos
t
Water Depth
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Feasibility of Offshore Wind in the US Offshore wind is a proven technology
Viable options exist today to develop offshoreresources
Major cost reductions will likely come from EPC
competition Innovative construction equipment and techniques
Batch fabrication and construction
Concept refinement will have less impact
New concepts will expand the reach of offshore
development
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Offshore Oil and GasExperience
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Technologies/Experience Over 6,000 platforms
installed to date worldwide
Fixed and floating
Monopiles and complexjackets
Rigid and compliant
Environmental conditions
Hurricane, wind, earthquake,
ice, mudslide 25,000+ piles installed
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Are all oil and gas platforms large?
Is thisrelevant?
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Minimal Platforms
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Gulf of Mexico InstallationsCurrent
~4000 Installations
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
10 100 1000 10000
Water depth (ft)
Numb
er
(per20ftincrem
entinW.D.)
Caissons
Jackets
Compliant Towers
Spars
TLPs
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Watch out for the tails
Value
Freq
uency
Load ResistanceFactor ofSafety
Design for 50 year or 100 year storm?
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Storm Overload Examples
Main Pass 209A after Katrina
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Storm Overload Examples
Mars TLP after Katrina
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Storm Overload Examples
Hurricane Rita Damage
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Storm Overload Examples
Typhoon TLP after Rita
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What does O&G tell us? There is no one answer
There are central tendencies but variations aresignificant
There are many options for low cost minimalstructures
Simple solutions are typically more cost effective(less risky) that complex alternatives
Major cost efficiencies will come from EPICcompetition
Innovative construction methods and equipment
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Code Benchmark Joint IndustryProject
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JIP STUDY
Objective
Compare API and IEC standards for OWTG in US waters
Direct comparison
Performance requirements (50 vs 100 year storm)
Design methodologies Reliability assessment
Inherent levels
Regional variability Variability with concept type
Assess cost impact for different performancerequirements
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Sponsors
Germanischer Lloyd
DNV
ABS
Long Island Power Authority
FPL Energy
BP
UPC Wind
Clipper Wind
GE Wind Energy
Southern Company
EPRI
National Renewable Energy Laboratories
Minerals Management Service
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Questions?