official rule bookfamily in mathura on janmashtami in the birth place of lord krishna. he had lost...
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OFFICIAL RULE BOOK
www. Internationaltenniscricket.com
2
TENNIS CRICKET Official Rule Book
Published by:
International Tennis Cricket Federation Mathura sports school, Amar colony, Goverdhan road,
Mathura 281004, U.P. India Mobile: 7520065722
E mail: [email protected]
Website: www. Internationaltenniscricket.com
“This book is an official publication of the International
Tennis Cricket Federation. It is fully protected by copyright
and nothing can be reprinted in any manner, either wholly
or in part, for any use whatsoever, without a written
permission from ITCF.”
I T C F 1
Written
on behalf of ITCF
by
Mr. Kanhaiya Gurjar
Editors:
Ravinder Kapil
Santosh Srivastava
First edition: April 2016
Revised edition: April 2018
3
Kanhiya Gurjar was born in a farmers
family in Mathura on Janmashtami in the
birth place of Lord Krishna. He had lost
his father in childhood and was brought
up by his mother. His mother herself en-
couraged him to excel in sports when
she saw his interest in it. He made sports
his aim in life. Later he got a service in
SSB through sports quota. The spirit for service to the
nation and passion of sports was in his obsession.
Thorough encouragement of mother and his hardworking
kept glowing up his personality. He earned a fame tre-
mendously in sports without any resources and worked
as a caption also of the Indian team. He accomplished
many tasks in 2002 to increase sports and in 2012 gave
origin to tennis cricket. Presently he is working in SGFI.
The game of Tennis Cricket was being played across the
world with virtually no set of rules and regulations or by
bending and adapting those that are set in ICC Code of
Laws for Cricket. Although most of the laws in the Code
are directly and practically applicable to Tennis Cricket,
not all withstand the test of time. We are happy to
present this book to all those who wish to know about
Tennis Cricket.
Kanhaiya Gurjar Founder Secretary, ITCF
Preface
I T C F 2
4
INDEX
S. No. Content Page
1 Introduction 6
2 What is Tennis Cricket? 6
3 Teams 7
4 Player’s Uniform 8
5 Tennis cricket ground 8
6 Tennis cricket pitch 8
7 Score Board 11
8 Playing Equipments 12
8.1 Tennis cricket Ball 12
8.2 Tennis cricket Bat 12
8.3 Wickets 12
8.4 Necessary safety guard 13
9 Umpires 13
9.1 Umpire’s Duties 14
10 The Scorer 18
10 Captain’s Responsibilities 19
11 General Playing Rules 20
12.1 The innings 20
12.2 Power-Play and Field Restrictions 21
12.3 The over 22
12.3.1 No ball 23
12.3.2 Free-Hit 24
12.3.3 Out on Free-Hit 24
12.3.4 Runs on Free Hit 24
I T C F 3
5
S. No. Content Page
12.3.5 Wide ball 25
12.3.6 Dead Ball 25
12.4 Runs 26
12.4.1 One Run 26
12.4.2 Boundary (Four Runs) 26
12.4.3 Boundary (Six Runs) 27
12.4.4 Extra runs 27
a No Ball 27
b Wide Ball 27
c Bye 27
d Leg Bye 28
12.5 Dismissal of batsman 28
12.5.1 Bowled 28
12.5.2 Caught 28
a Catches on Boundary Lines 29
b Caught Behind Decision 29
12.5.3 Handled the ball 29
12.5.4 Hit wicket 30
12.5.5 Hit the ball twice 30
12.5.6 Run Out 31
12.5.7 Stumped 32
12.5.8 Batsman Retiring 33
12.5.9 Retired Hurt 33
12.5.10 Mankading 34
12.5.11 Time out 34
I T C F 4
6
S.No. Content Page
12.5.12 Leg Before Wicket (LBW) 34
12.6 Substitutes 34
12.7 Umpires Reversing their Decision 35
12.8 Innings Closed 36
12.9 Match Scoring 36
12.10 Tie Games 36
12.10.1 Super Over Format 37
12.11 Results 38
12.12 Points System for Playoff 39
12.12.1 NNR Formula 40
13 Non Playing rules 40
13.1 Player registration 40
13.2 Team Formation 41
13.3 Team Declarations 41
13.4 Match Timings and Punctuality 42
a. Players 42
b. Umpires 44
13.5. Match Forfeiture Policy 45
13.6 Rain/Washouts/Bad Weather/
Bad Light/ Unavailability of Ground 46
13.7 Conduct and Penalties 47
a. Match Penalties 47
b. Player / Team Conduct 47
i. Yellow Card 47
ii. Red Card 48
14 Signals 50
15 Tennis Cricket Score Sheet 52
I T C F 5
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1. Introduction Tennis Cricket is a variant of Cricket being
played by using a Heavy Tennis Cricket Ball. It is also
known as an injury free game as compared to leather
Cricket. Its existence is widespread because of its low
cost and is played by majority of people in the world.
However, there is no definite record of its origin as to
when Tennis Cricket was first started. Tennis Cricket
is very popular in South-Asian cricket playing
countries such as India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and
Sri-Lanka. It is also played by South-Asian expatriates
living in Middle-Eastern countries such as the UAE,
Oman, Bahrain, Qatar and Saudi Arabia, and by
emigrants in the United States, Australia and Canada.
The first International Tennis Cricket body formed
worldwide is the International Tennis Cricket
Federation (ITCF).
2. What is Tennis Cricket? Tennis Cricket is a team game being Played
between Two teams of 11 players each in field in a
rounded rectangular ground of 40-60 meters
(Boundary) and 20-30 meters (inner-circle) radius from
the middle stumps and a pitch measuring 18-20
meters in length and 3 meters in width. The game is
played with a heavy Tennis Cricket Ball weighing 125
grams and a light Tennis Cricket Bat of length not
more than 38 inches and width not more than 4-1/4
inches using safety guards such as helmet, batting and
wicket keeping gloves, thigh pads and abdominal and
I T C F 6
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groin guards. The matches are played in a single
inning for each team.
3. Teams: The Tennis Cricket team consists of 16 players (11 in
field and 5 as substitutes). The match is played
between two teams of 11 players each, unless
otherwise agreed. Each side shall play under a captain
who before the toss shall nominate his team of 11
players. Each team can substitute 5 players ONCE
ONLY with the consent of field umpires from the
substitution area near scorer table. Once the player is
out of the field, he can not go back for rest of the
match. Substitution is allowed only when ball is not in
action.
Note:
i. If a captain is not available at any time, a deputy
must act for him among the already nominated
players.
ii. No match in which more than 11 players a side take
part can be regarded as an official match and no side
field with more than 11 players in any case.
iii. Minimum Players Required in a team should not be
less than 8. MPR allowed for a team should be 2 play-
ers less than the opponent team. i. e. if a team is
playing with full 11 players in field, the opponent
should have at least 9 players to play an official
match. If a team is playing with 10 players in field the
opponent team must field minimum of 8 players.
I T C F 7
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4. Player’s Uniform: In Tennis Cricket a player should be in Jersey an
lower. Jersey should have a particular identification
number in chest as well as in back side compulsorily
identification number should be in two digit.
Colour of the Jersey should be in accordance with
the colour allotted to the district/ state/country.
Comfortable sports shoes should be used while
playing without spikes.
Note: No player or umpire should be wearing
slippers, sandals, or open footwear.
5. Tennis cricket ground: Tennis Cricket is played in rounded rectangular
ground of 35-40 meters (Boundary) and 18-20
meters (inner-circle) radius from the middle stumps
on each sides of the pitch for all age groups. Outer
boundary should be marked in such a way with white
colour or rope so that it should be clearly visible from
distance. Inner circle should be marked with white
colour dotted line. For senior category national &
international matches, Boundary can be increased to
60 meters with inner circle of 30 meters. A player
Substitution Zone of 3 meters is drawn near Scorer.
6. Tennis cricket pitch: The Tennis cricket pitch is that area of the field
where the batsman bats (plays) and the bowler
bowls. The pitch is a rectangular area in the middle
I T C F 8
10
I T C F 9
Tennis cricket ground
*For senior category National & International matches, boundary
can be increased to 60 meters with inner circle of 30 meters.
3 m
ts
Su
bstitu
tion
zon
e
11
I T C F 10
Tennis cricket Pitch
* For Senior category National & International
matches, pitch can be increased to 20 meters
12
of the ground, 18 meters in the length 3 meters in width.
For senior category National & International matches,
pitch can be increased to 20 meters. The pitch is
deemed to be the area of ground between the bowling
Crease 1 meter in width on either side of the line joining
the centre of the wickets. Before the toss, the executive
of the ground shall be responsible for the selection and
preparation of the pitch: there after the umpires shall
control its use and maintenance. The pitch shall not be
changed during the match unless it becomes unfit for
play, and then only with the consent of both captain. We
can play the tennis cricket match on hard pitch, green
grass pitch or mat. The over will be thrown alternatively
from both ends of the pitch. Pitch Curator is responsible
for making the pitch according to the standards laid by
ITCF and keeping it ready and maintaining it before and
during the championship. Grounds men are responsi-
ble for maintaining the ground during the championship.
7. Score board: A score board is a display board in the ground, which
shows the live status of the match being played. It
should be placed in the ground in such a way that it
should be visible to all. It should contain the names of
playing team, names of bowlers, runs scored by the
individual players, wicket taken by bowlers, Total
score as well as wickets fallen. Electronic/ Manual
score boards should be used during the matches.
I T C F 11
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8. Playing Equipments:
8.1 Tennis cricket Ball: The ball used in Tennis cricket is just like lawn Tennis
Ball. The tennis cricket ball is a made of hard rubber
and circumference of 8 inches and weight of 125gm.
Hardness of the ball is such that it can be delivered at
speed of more than 70 km/hr. The colour of the ball
should be Orange in day time & Lime in the night. The
ball can only be changed until the permission of the
umpire in the following conditions:
i. If the ball is loose or cracked or lost.
ii. If the ball is out of shape. (If the ball is
replaced due to loose shape or lost, the so
replaced ball must be identical to that of lost
ball.)
The umpire must inform the batsman whenever a ball
is to be changed.
8.2 Tennis cricket Bat: The Tennis cricket bat is made of wood and has the
shape of a blade topped by a cylindrical handle. The
blade must not be more than 4 ½ inches wide and the
total length of the bat not more then 38 inches.
NOTE: Flat bat from both side are not permissible.
8.3 Wickets: Each wicket consists of three wooden stumps placed in
a straight line and surmounted by two wooden
I T C F 12
14
cross-pieces called Bails; the total height of the wicket
including bails is 28.5 inches and the combined width
of the three stumps is 9 inches. Bowling will be done
from both sides of the wickets alternatively.
8.4 Necessary safety guard:
i. Batting gloves
ii. Helmet
iii. Wicket keeping gloves
iv. Upper body guard
v. Abdominal guard
vi. Groin guard
vii. Safety Pads (Batsman & Wicket Keeper)
9. Umpires: Before the match two umpires shall be appointed, one
for each end to control the game as required by the
Rules with absolute impartiality. They are the final
authority during the game and their decisions will be
considered final. Neutral umpires should be assigned
to adjudicate each game. No umpire shall be changed
during the match, other than in exceptional circum-
stances, unless he is injured or ill. If there has to be
change of umpire the replacement shall act only at the
striker’s end. If in worst situation the umpires do not
show up at all the teams will continue with the using
the players from their playing 11 as umpires unless
I T C F 13
15
the captains agree that they should take full
responsibility as an umpire. In the event that
umpires are unable to get to the field on time, they
should pro-actively call ahead to the playing Captains
to inform them of their delay and estimated time of
arrival.
9.1 Umpire’s Duties:
a. Both umpires need to be at the ground at least 10
minutes before the stipulated start time to ensure
that the coin toss and boundary setup is performed
before the match start time. In case of umpires not
arriving on time, both the captains will do the toss
and get on with the game using the batting team
players from the playing 11 as the umpires until
official umpires arrive. Umpires can change as
needed in this special condition. Also, sometimes
the umpires from earlier game are on field and can
be requested to officiate until the next game umpires
arrive.
b. Umpires will keep time of all breaks, and notify the
captains as to when to resume.
c. Before the toss, the umpire shall ascertain the hours
of play and agree with the captain, the ball to be
used during the match, time and duration of inter-
vals for next inning, the boundary of the field of play
and special conditions of play affecting the conduct
of the match.
I T C F 14
16
d. Before the toss and during the match, the umpire
shall satisfy themselves that the wickets are properly
itched, the creases are correctly marked and the
boundary of the field is correctly marked.
e. Before the toss and during the match, the umpires
shall satisfy with all equipments and shall be the
sole judges of fair and unfair play.
f. All balls to be used in the match, having been ap-
proved by the umpires and captains, shall be in the
possession of the umpires before the toss and shall
remain under their control throughout the match.
g. The umpire shall take possession of the ball in use
at the fall of each wicket, at the start of any interval
and at any interruption of play.
h. If during play, the ball cannot be found or recovered
or the umpires agree that it has become unfit for
play through normal use, the umpires shall replace it
with a brand new ball immediately (only if lost) or at
the end of the over or fall of wicket whichever is
earlier. When the ball is replaced the umpires shall
inform the batsmen and the fielding captain.
i. i. The coin-toss will be conducted in the presence of
the umpires before the stipulated match start time.
The team winning the toss will declare its decision
immediately. Captains or their representatives for
the toss should be ready for this ahead of the match
start time.
I T C F 15
17
j. The umpire shall have the discretion to implement
the procedures of the above for reasons other than
the ground, weather or light, if they consider that
exceptional circumstances warrant it.
k. The umpire shall change ends after a side has
completed the innings.
l. An umpire should stand where he can best see any
act up on which his decision may be required,
Subject to his over-riding the umpire at the bowler’s
end should stand where he does not interfere with
either the on the off instead of the leg side of the
pitch, he should obtain the permission of the captain
of the fielding side and inform the batsman.
m. The umpire must not allow the attitude of players or
spectators to influence their decisions under the
Rules.
n. In the event of the player failing to comply with the
instructions an umpire or criticizing his decisions, the
umpire should in the first place request the captains
to take action and if this proves ineffective, report
the incident forthwith to the executives of the teams
taking part in the match.
o. An umpire is justified in intervening under this Rules
should any player of the fielding side incommode the
striker by any noise or motion while he is receiving a
ball.
p. It is the duty of the umpires to intervene and prevent
players from causing damage to the pitch which may
I T C F 16
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assist the bowlers.
q. No player shall leave the field for the purpose having
a rub down or shower while play is actually in
progress.
r. Umpires will be the authority to grant a fielding
substitute to the fielding side if the situation merits
it. They will keep track of the number of overs during
which a fielder has left the field.
s. Umpires are urged to take their time when making a
decision, and if there are any doubts then the
umpire with the primary jurisdiction should consult
the other umpire. Caught-behind decisions (and
run-outs at the bowlers end) are the primary
jurisdiction of the main umpire. When in doubt, he
should consult the leg umpire FIRST and PRIOR to
giving out hastily. He can take into consideration any
evidence from the leg umpire (e.g. sounds) but the
final decision needs to be made by the main umpire
to ensure a fair decision. Caught-behind decisions
CANNOT be solely made on sounds heard by the leg
umpire but rather need to be based on other factors
not visible to the leg-umpire (e.g. deflection,
deviation, angle, etc of the ball).
t. The leg umpire will have primary jurisdiction over
decisions on run-out/stumping/ hit wicket/ no-balls
due to height decisions at the strikers end. Addition-
ally from his advantage point, a leg umpire can opine
on whether a wicket-keeper/fielder has cleanly
I T C F 17
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collected a catch, ball crossed the boundary, fielder
placements inside/outside the circle, and on leg/off
side fielder counts.
u. The leg umpire should never initiate a discussion
with the main umpire or approach him on items out
of his jurisdiction. The main umpire needs to
INITIATE a consult if he is in doubt about a verdict or
needs clarification on a rule.
v. The umpire should give the benefit of doubt to the
batsman if they are intentionally prevented by the
bowler or any other fielder to safely make their
ground while running between the wickets. The
umpire(s) will make the final determination for such
‘in-game’ incidents.
w. Both umpires should have light meters.
10. The Scorer: All runs scored shall be recorded by scorers
appointed for the purpose. The scorers shall accept
and acknowledge all instruction and signals given to
them by the umpires.
Note:
The umpires should wait until a signal has been
answered by a scorer before allowing the game to
proceed. Mutual consultation between the scorers
and the umpires to clear up doubtful points is at all
times permissible. During the progress of the game,
the scorers appointed should frequently check the
total to ensure that the score sheets are correct.
I T C F 18
20
Once the umpires have agreed with the scorers the
correctness of the scores at the conclusion of the
match the result cannot thereafter be changed.
11. Captain’s Responsibilities:
i. One player from each team will act as team Captain
for the duration of the match.
ii. Only the captain or player appointed by captain
should be coming forward for the coin toss unless
he is either not playing or has not arrived on to the
ground. Under these circumstances, another player
can fill in for the toss duties and will act as the
captain until the captain shows up.
iii. They should control the behavior of all his team
players. (Conduct of his team).
iv. Ensure the team players respect the umpire's
opinions and decisions.
v. Captains are responsible for ensuring that the
boundary cones/flags are setup before the match
start time.
vi. The umpire should not be pressurized in any circum-
stances. It will be captain’s responsibility to make
sure sure nobody crowds or threatens the umpire.
vii. Captains need to ensure that they have at least the
minimum 8 players available at the coin toss in
order to toss and start the match. Failure to meet
the MPR rules will result in the match being
declared as a forfeit.
I T C F 19
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12. General Playing Rules:
12.1 The innings: Age of the players is considered while deciding the number
of overs in an inning in Tennis Cricket. Decision of number
of overs should not hamper the excitement of the game.
Number of overs in an inning is as follows:
Age Group Overs Time
Sub-junior 10 35 -5- 35 Minutes
Junior 12 40–5–40 Minutes
Senior 15 50- 5--50 Minutes
Each team has to use minimum five bowlers in an inning.
One bowler can deliver maximum two overs in sub-junior,
three overs in junior and senior level matches.
The umpires and fielding team captions should ensure to
finish their quota of overs in stipulated time. There shall be
no intervals during the match except of innings break in a
match. The Umpires should inform the caption of fielding
side about the remaining time after half of the overs
bowled, five minutes before end of stipulated time and at
the end of total time allotted. Team will get 5 minutes extra
time before the penalty begins.
In first inning, if fielding side fails to complete their inning in
time, they will be awarded penalty of 5 runs for every 5
minutes delay after the stipulated time for slow over rate
and have to achieve the target score in the reduced over
(No. of overs bowled in stipulated time).
While fielding second, if the team slowed the over rate,
umpires will inform the captions and at the end of stipulated
time and extra 5 minutes, the fielding team will be awarded
I T C F 20
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a penalty of 5 runs per over plus the average no. of runs
scored by the team in the first inning (i.e. 5 + Ave Run Rate
× No. of overs to be bowled). The batting team has to
achieve the REDUCED TARGET IN QUOTA OF SAME OVERS
( i.e. no. of overs will not be reduced).
If the umpires find that batsman intentionally delaying the
inning, they will warn batsman once and subsequently may
show YELLOW CARD for intentionally delaying the match.
The main aim of the bowler, supported by his fielder is to
dismiss the batsman. A batsman when dismissed is said to
be “out” and that mean he must leave the field of play and
be replaced by the next batsman on his team. When ten
batsmen have been dismissed (all out), then the whole
team is dismissed (All OUT) and the innings is over.
The captains shall toss for the choice of inning on the field of
play not earlier than 10 minutes, not later than 5 minutes
before the scheduled or any re-scheduled time for the match
to start. The captain of the side winning the toss will notify
the opposite captain of his decision to bat or to field. Once
notified the decision may not be altered.
At the start of each inning the umpire at the Bowler’s end
shall call ‘play when the side refusing to play shall lose the
match. After ‘play’ has been called no trial ball shall be
allowed to any player. The Wicket-Keeper is allowed to bowl in
the innings if desired, but he has to field for at least one over
before bowling.
12.2 Power-Play and Field Restrictions: The first three overs of each inning in senior and first two
overs in junior and Sub-junior group will be the “Fielding
Power Play” and two overs in Junior and Senior and one
over in Sub-Junior will be “Batting power play”.
I T C F 21
23
Two overs of “Batting power play” should be taken before
12th over or otherwise 12th and 13th over will be “Batting
power play” senior group. Similarly Two overs should be
taken before 9th over and one over should be taken before
8th over in sub-junior group otherwise 9th and 10th over in
junior and 8th over in sub-junior group will be “Batting power
play”.
A maximum of four fielders, two on each side can be outside
the 20-30 meters circle during the fielding and batting power
play. For the remaining overs a minimum of 4 players need to
be inside the 20-30 meters circle (not including the bowler
and wicket-keeper).
If a team is playing with less than 11 players, then they need
to ensure that 7 players are within the 20-30 meters circle
during the Power Play period. E.g. If a team starts the match
with 8 players, then 7 players need to be inside the circle,
and only 1 player will be allowed outside 20-30 meters.
Once the Power Play is over and the fielding team is still
playing short, then they need to ensure that the inner circle is
first and foremost protected i.e. at least 4 fielders will still
need to be inside.
12.3 The over: A Bowler may require the Batsman at the wicket from which
his bowling to stand on whichever side of it. The ball shall be
bowled from each wicket alternately in over’s of 6 balls
without ‘No Ball’ and ‘Wide Ball’. An over shall start when the
bowler starts his run up or, if he has no run up, his delivery
action for the first delivery of that over, When 6 balls have
been bowled other than those which are not to count in the
over and as the ball becomes dead, the umpire shall call
‘Over’ in a distinct manner before leaving the wicket.
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A Bowler shall finish an Over in progress unless he be
incapacitated or be suspended for unfair play. He shall be
allowed to change ends as often as desired provided only
that they should not bowl Tow, Over’s consecutively.
12.3.1 No Ball: A ball is considered No Ball if bowler
breaks the rules of bowling either by:
a. using an inappropriate arm action.
b. Overstepping the popping crease.
c. Having a foot outside the return
crease.
d. After the bowler starts his run up
fielders are not allowed to talk or
move side-ways.
e. If there are more fielders in outside 20 mtrs than
permitted
f. Any bouncer over the head or full toss above waist will
be called a No-ball. One bouncer above shoulder and
below head level is allowed per over. For bouncers and
full toss, the batsman's movement in the crease
right before the delivery is bowled will be taken into
consideration. The leg umpire will be the primary
authority for signaling a No-ball due to height. The
main umpire should consult with the leg umpire before
declaring a No-ball due to height.
The umpire signals ‘No ball’ by extending one arm
horizontally.
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12.3.2 Free-Hit:
The delivery following a “No ball” called for a foot fault
shall be a “Free Hit” for whichever batsman is facing it.
If the delivery for the free hit is not a legitimate delivery
(any kind of no ball or a wide ball) then the next
delivery will become a free hit for whichever batsman is
facing it.
For any free hit, the striker can be dismissed only
under the circumstances that apply for a no ball, even
if the delivery for the free hit is called wide ball.
Field changes are not permitted for free hit deliveries
unless there is a change of striker or No Ball is given
due to wrong field placement.
The umpires will signal a free hit by (after the normal
No Ball signal) extending one arm straight upwards
and moving it in a circular motion and verbally
communicating it to the batsman /bowler.
12.3.3 Out on Free-Hit:
Batsman can be out as follows only on a free hit:
a. Out via run out
b. Out via obstructing the fielder while running
12.3.4 Runs on Free Hit:
Runs taken while out on a Free hit:
a If the batsman is bowled on free hit. The
batsman can take a run if possible and the run
will be counted as a bye.
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In all other circumstances the batsman can take a run,
even if he was out caught on free hit and the runs will be
awarded to batsman.
12.3.5 Wide ball:
If the Bowler bowls the ball so high over
or so wide of the wicket that in the
opinion of the Umpire it passes out of
reach of the Striker, and would not have
been within the reach of the batsman
taking guard in the normal position, The
umpire shall call and signal Wide Ball as
soon as it shall have passed the striker.
As with a no ball, a wide must be
re-bowled.
The umpire signal ‘Wide’ by extending both arms
horizontally.
12.3.6 Dead Ball: The umpire shall regard the deliberated
defection of the ball by any part of the
striker’s person, except the hand holding
the bat as Unfair, and as soon as he
satisfied that the fielding side have no
chance of dismissing either batsman as
an immediate result of such action, he
shall without delay, call ‘dead ball’. In
deciding whether such deflection is
deliberate, the criterion shall be whether
or not the batsman has attempted to play with his bat.
I T C F 25
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Any abnormal bounce or lack of it due to the condition of the pitch and if the ball is cracked or become out of shape during the play, it will be signaled a “Dead ball” by the umpire and the delivery will need to be
re-played.
Any scoring or wickets due to such an instance will not be considered. The umpire will have the final authority to decide what constitutes as a ‘Dead ball’ in
such instances.
12.4 Runs: Run is a term used in cricket for the basic means of scoring. The primary concern of the batsman on strike is to prevent the ball hitting the wicket and second darily to score runs by hitting the ball with his bat so that he and his partner have time to run from one end of the pitch to the other before the fielding side can
return the ball.
12.4.1 One Run:
A batsman score a run by hitting the ball with his bat so that he and his partner have time to run from one end of the pitch to the other before the fielding side can return the ball. The batsman will be awarded ‘One Run’. If he run back from the other end to their own end, he will be awarded ‘Two runs’. A maximum of ‘Four Runs’ can be taken
on one delivery by this manner.
12.4.2 Boundary (Four runs):
A boundary is the scoring of four runs
I T C F 26
28
runs from a single delivery with the ball reaching the
boundary line by touching the field.
12.4.3 Boundary (Six runs):
A boundary is the scoring of six
runs from a single delivery with the
ball reaching the boundary line
without touching the field.
12.4.4 Extra runs:
Additional runs gained by the
batting team due to errors made
by the fielding side are called Extra
runs. These runs are included in
the scores of a team but not credited to the bats-
man. These are achieved in four ways:
a. No Ball: One extra run and a ‘Free Hit’ will be
awarded to batting side for each No Ball.
a. Wide Ball: One extra run and a ball will be
awarded to batting side for each wide Ball.
b. Bye:
If the ball, not being a No
ball or a Wide, passes the
striker without touching his
bat or person, any runs
completed by the batsmen or a
boundary allowance shall be
credited as Byes to the batting
side.
I T C F 27
29
d. Leg Bye: If the ball touches any
part of the striker’s dress or per-
son except shall call or signal ‘Leg
Bye ‘such runs to be scored Leg
Byes.
NOTES: The Umpire signals ‘Bye’ by
raising an open hand above the
head and ‘leg Bye’ by touching a
raised knee with the hand.
12.5 Dismissal of batsman: In tennis cricket to maintain the interest and to carry
on the game without disputes there are following
rules to declare a player out:
12.5.1 Bowled: The bowler has hit the wicket with the ball and the
wicket has “broken” with at least one
bail being dislodged. If the ball hits
the wicket without dislodging a bail is
not out.
12.5.2 Caught: The batsman has hit the ball with his
bat or of the hand and the ball has
been caught before it has touched
I T C F 28
30
a. Catches on Boundary Lines:
Umpires will make the decision on this subject
based on his/their best judgment. Umpires can
take the catcher or the next close in fielder input if
they need to but it is not mandatory. Batting
team / Fielding team players should not interfere
in this situation nor should they charge towards
the boundary line or into the field. Captains should
instruct their players to hold their position for any
controversial catches/fielding attempts near the
boundary prior to the match. If a player move from
their position after the play, and the umpire is
unable to pinpoint the exact spot, then the benefit
of doubt should be given to the batsman.
b. Caught Behind Decisions:
Caught-behind decisions need to be made by the
main umpire. He can take into consideration any
evidence from the leg umpire (e.g. sounds) but the
final decision needs to be made by the main
umpire to ensure a fair decision.
12.5.3 Handled the ball:
Either Batsman is out “Handled the Ball” if the
batsman touches the ball while in play with his
hands, unless it has been done at the request of
the opposite side.
I T C F 29
31
Note: When a batsman is given out under this is
‘Handled the Ball’ and the bowler does not get credit
for the wicket.
12.5.4 Hit wicket: A batsman is out hit wicket, if he dislodges one or
both bails with his bat, person, clothing or equipment
in the act of hitting the ball, or when setting off for a
run.
Note: The Striker is ‘Out’ under these conditions:
In making a second stroke to keep the ball out of his
wicket he hits it down.
While Playing at the ball, but not otherwise, his
wicket is broken by his cap or hat falling, or by part of
his bat.
A batsman is not out for breaking the wickets with
his bat or per son while in the act of running.
12.5.5 Hit the ball twice: The Striker is out ‘Hit the ball Twice’ if the ball be
Struck or be stopped by any part of his person, and
he will fully strike it again, except for the sole
purpose of guarding his wicket, which he may do
with his bat or any part of his person, other than his
hands No runs except those which result from an
over throw shall be scored from a ball lawfully struck
twice.
I T C F 30
32
Note:
a. It is for the umpire to decide whether the ball has
been so struck a second time legitimately or not. The
umpire may regard the face that a run is attempted
as evidence of the batsman’s intension to take
advantage of the second stroke, but it is not
conclusive.
b. A batsman may not attempt to hit the ball twice, if in
so doing he baulks the wicket keeper or any
fieldsman attempting to make a catch.
c. This Law infringed if the striker, after playing the ball
and without any request from the opposite side,
uses his bat to return the ball to a fieldsman.
d. The Correct entry in the score book when the striker
is given out under this Law is Hit the ball twice, and
the bowler does not get credit for the wicket.
12.5.6 Run Out: A member of the fielding side has broken or “put
down” the wicket with the ball while a batsman was
out of his Crease. This usually occurs by means of an
accurate throw on the wicket while the batsman is
trying to make a run. In the case of run-out appeals,
a batsman is considered to be out of his ground
unless a part of his bat or body is grounded on or
inside the crease. Thus, if the body or the bat is not
grounded on or inside the crease line, the batsman
is “OUT”.
I T C F 31
33
either batsman can be adjudged “RUNOUT” if they
are out of their crease even if the ball only made
contact with the body/clothes. Even though leg-bye’s
don’t count towards a score, both the batsmen need
to ensure that they are in their respective creases to
avoid being run out. The only exception is if the
umpire calls it a “Dead-play” while the batsman is
still running/ walking between the wickets.
12.5.7 Stumped: A batsman is out Stumped if in receiving a ball, not
being a N0 Ball delivered by the Bowler, he be out of
his Crease otherwise than in attempting a run, and
the wicket be put down by the wicket- keeper without
the intervention of another fieldsman. Only when the
ball has touched the bat or person of the Striker may
the wicket keeper take it in front of wicket for this
purpose.
In the case of stumping appeals, a batsman is
considered to be out of his ground unless a part of
his bat or body is grounded inside the crease. Thus,
if the body or the bat is grounded on the crease line,
but not inside, the batsman is “OUT”.
Note:
a. The striker may be stumped if the wicket is
broken by a ball rebounding from the wicket
Keeper’s person.
b. If the stumps have been broken once i.e. bail(s)
have been dislodged, or stumps been hit during
I T C F 32
34
the course of an on-going play, then to successfully
appeal for an ensuing run-out / stumping, the fielding
side will have to manually uproot at least one of the
standing stump(s) with the ball in possession. If none
of the stumps are standing up due to an earlier
displacement, then the fielding side needs to re-insert
one stump and then uproot it again with the ball in
possession in order to successfully appeal for a
dismissal. If bails are not being used in the event of
high winds, then the fielding side will not be required
to uproot the stumps for a run-out/stumping appeal.
12.5.8 Batsman Retiring: A Batsman may retire at any time, but may not
resume his innings without the consent of the
opposing Captain, and then only on the fall of a
wicket.
12.5.9 Retired Hurt:
A batsman will only be allowed to retire due to a
physical condition. A batsman cannot be retired by
teams based on their batting performance. A batsman
can only be retired if they have sustained an injury
that prevents them from continuing. The umpires will
make the judgment to assess on whether a batsman's
request for retirement should be granted based on
their own observations. However, they are not
permitted to return to batting in the inning again.
Note:
When a Batsman has retired owing to illness, injury or
I T C F 33
35
some other unavoidable cause, his innings is
regarded as Retired as Not out but otherwise as a
completed innings to be regarded as Retired Out.
12.5.10 “Mankading” (Bowler attempting to run out
non-striker before delivery): The bowler is permitted, before entering his delivery
stride, to attempt to run out the non-striker. The ball
shall not count in the over. The umpire shall call and
signal “Dead ball” as soon as possible if the bowler
fails in the attempt to run out the non-striker.
12.5.11 Time out: The incoming batsman must be in position to take
guard or for his partner to be ready to receive the next
ball within 3 minutes of the fall of the previous wicket.
If this requirement is not met, the incoming batsman
will be out. Timed-out. The striker is out in such cases.
12.5.12 Leg Before Wicket (LBW):
First and foremost, the ball must, in the opinion of the
on-field umpire ,be going onto hit the stumps if the
ball had not hit the pad of the batsman first. If the
batsman plays an attempted shot to the delivery, then
the ball must hit the batsman pad in line with the
stumps for the batsman.
12.6 Substitutes: Five substitute players can be used during the game.
One Player can be used ONCE ONLY in the field. Once
a player is out of the field, he can not join back during
I T C F 34
36
The match. They can only use players from their 16
players team. However, prior to doing so they need to
get the approval of the umpire.
A substituted player will not be allowed to bowl
directly in the match. He has to field for at least one
over before bowling.
Once team caption has declared playing 11 before
the match, any change in batting 11 players will be
considered as substitution.
By-runners for a batsman are not allowed under any
circumstances including injuries, cramps, fatigue,
etc. during a match.
Umpires need to be approached for all fielding
substitute requests.
All substitution players should enter the field from
Substitution Zone drawn near the scorers.
Substitution is allowed only when ball is not in
action.
12.7 Umpires Reversing their Decision:
All umpires need to be thorough with the ITCF rules.
To avoid controversies, umpires are advised to take
well thought decisions; once the decisions are made
they should not be over turned.
Main umpires should initiate discussion with leg
umpire (and vice-versa) based on which umpire has
the primary jurisdiction prior to making the decision
and NOT after making the decision.
Leg umpires should not at any time advice, suggest,
I T C F 35
37
or give decisions related to main umpires jurisdiction
(and vice-versa) unless the main umpire reaches out
to leg umpire himself.
12.8 Innings Closed:
An innings closed when:
i. Ten of the eleven batsmen are out. In this case,
the team is said to be “ALL OUT”.
ii. The team has only one batsmen left who can
bat, one or more of the remaining players being
unavailable owing to injury, illness or absence
again the team is said to be “ALL OUT”.
iii. The team batting last reaches the score required
to win the match.
iv. A captain declared his teams closed while at
least two of his batsmen are not out.
12.9 Match Scoring:
The scorers should announce the score at the end of
every over to avoid any discrepancies with the field-
ing team. Umpires have to sign off on the final score
sheet after the match. Umpires should ensure that
scorecards are complete, legible, and tally prior to
signing them. Scorers should be asked to complete
all these details if there is missing data.
12.10 Tie Games: In the event that both teams have the same score at
the end of their stipulated over’s, the match will be
I T C F 36
38
declared as “Tie”. In league stages both the teams
will be awarded ‘One point’ each for a Tie Match. In
play off matches, the tie-breaking decision will be
resolved by a “Super-Over”.
12.10.1 Super Over Format:
a. Team batting second in the regular match will
bat first in the Super Over.
b. Each team will select 3 batsmen and 1 bowler
to play the Super-Over.
c. The team scoring most runs at the end of the
Super-Over will be deemed winners of the
match.
d. If the batting team loses 2 wickets in the
Super-Over they will be considered ‘all-out’.
e. If scores are still tied after the Super-Over,
overall tally of boundaries (Six) from the regular
game and the super over will be considered
and the team with the higher number of
boundaries (Six) will be declared the winner.
f. If the number of boundaries (Six) hit by both
teams is equal, overall tally of combined
boundaries (Six and four) from the regular
game and the super over will be considered
and the team with the higher number of
combined boundaries will be declared. the
winner the team.
I T C F 37
39
g. If the number of combined boundaries hit by both
teams is equal, whose batsmen scored more
boundaries (Six) during its innings in the main
match (ignoring the Super Over) shall be the
winner.
h. If still equal, whose batsmen scored more
combined boundaries during its innings in the
main match (ignoring the Super Over) shall be
the winner.
i. A count-back from the final ball of the Super
Over shall be conducted. The team with the
higher scoring delivery shall be the winner. If a
team loses two wickets during its over, then any
un-bowled deliveries will be counted as dot
balls. Note that for this purpose, the runs
scored from a delivery is defined as the total
team runs scored since the completion of the
previous legitimate ball, i.e. including any runs
resulting from wide, no ball or penalty runs.
12.11 Results:
A match is won by the side which shall have scored a
total number of runs in excess of that scored by the
opposing side in its complete innings. A match shall
be lost by a side which either concedes defeat or in
the opinion of the umpire refuses to play and the
umpires shall award the match to the other side.
I T C F 38
40
Note:
i. It is responsibility of the captains to satisfy them
selves on the correctness of the scores on the
conclusion of their innings.
ii. The result of the finished matches is stated as a
win by runs, except in the case of a win by the side
batting lost, when it is by the number of wickets still
to fall.
iii. A ‘Draw’ is regarded as a ‘Tie’ when the scores are
equal at the conclusion of play but only if the match
has been played out. If the scores of the completed
innings of both the sides are equal, it is a ‘Tie’ but
only if the match has not been played out the
further conclusion.
12.12 Points System for Playoff Considerations and
League Standings: Two points are awarded to the winning team in a
league match. If a match ended in a draw during the
league stage, both the teams will share one point each.
The team having the highest points after the
completion of the league matches will qualify for
Playoff stage. In case two teams have equal points
after league matches, NRR will be considered to find
league standings. In the rare event that competing
teams have the same NRR at the end of the league
phase (to the 4th decimal space), then the team that
won the head-to-head matchup between the teams
during the group/ pool phase will be considered as the
I T C F 39
41
higher ranking team.
12.12.1 NNR formula:
NNR formula for playoff matches will be as follows:
NNR = (Total runs scored by a team/ Total overs
played by a team) -- (Total runs scored against the
team/ Total overs played against the team)
13.Non Playing rules:
13.1 Player registration: In order to participate in ITCF’s official matches, all
teams need to register their team players to the ITCF’s
official website (www.internationaltenniscricket.com)
prior to the provided deadline. However, online
registration can be done anytime throughout the year
by the player on website. The player will get ITCF
Registration number and an identity card. This ‘Player
Registration Number’ is mandatory to mention along
with his photo on every championship he participate.
Any player that does not have an online
registration will not be eligible to participate in official
matches. All players should have their ID cards
available in the event that the umpire or opposing
team captain needs to verify a player before the match.
This is to ensure that no ineligible player is
participating in the tournament. If a player fails to
provide adequate identification, to the umpire’s satisfa-
I T C F 40
42
-ction, then they may be asked to sit-out the game
unless the opposing team is satisfied with their
identity.
13.2 Team Formation:
Each team will be allowed to constitute a team of
16 players for a tournament on official website.
Players can be added /dropped before tournament
deadlines set by the Organizers. After constituting
the team on website, they need to take a print out
of Team report and submit it duly stamped and
signed at the time of team reporting at the
championship venue.
13.3 Team Declarations:
All Teams should declare their Playing 11 and
substitute players at the toss and exchange it with
opposite captains and identify if any of the players
are coming late. The names can be written down on
either the scorecards or a separate sheet. This will
ensure that all identification related issues are
dealt with prior to the start of the match.
Captains are responsible for ensuring that the
proper names are entered on the scorecards and
there is no discrepancy. Opposite captains should
verify the submitted scorecard to confirm it’s
accuracy.
A player identified as part of the declared Playing XI
before the match is considered as having played a
I T C F 41
43
match under the following conditions:
a. If his team is bowling first, then a player needs field
for at least 5 overs in order to qualify.
b. If his team is batting first, then the player needs to
have either batted in the innings, OR fielded at least
5 overs in the second innings if he never got an
opportunity to bat in order to qualify. If a player
meets either of the above conditions and was part
of the declared Playing XI (i.e. not a substitute
fielder) then captains can enter them on the
scorecard as a qualified player.
13.4 Match Timings and Punctuality:
a. Players: 1. At least 8 players of a team have to be present 10
minutes before the start of their scheduled match
time. Failing to do so will result in the automatic
loss of toss for the team in question.
It is strongly suggested that:
a. Captains should pro-actively identify the
present players to the umpires.
b. Umpires should pro-actively ask each
Captain to indicate if their players are visibly
insight.
2. In case both teams are missing players then the
one with more players present on the ground at
the start of the game are declared as toss
winners (as long as one team has 8 or more
players.
I T C F 42
44
3. If neither team has at least 8 players available
to start the match on time, then both teams will
be asked to play a reduced overs match based
on the time lost. To calculate the revised
number of overs, umpires should reduce 1 over
for every 3 minutes lost across both innings. e.g.
If a match starts 12 minutes late, then the
match needs to be reduced by 4 overs i.e. from
a total of 30 overs to 26 overs. Each innings will
be reduced by 2 overs to accommodate for the
late start. Similarly power play overs will be
reduced in a reduced over match.
4. If one of the teams does not have 8 players by
the match start time then the match will not be
started until the 8th player shows up. The
offending team will be penalized 1 over for every
3 minutes lost as a result of the 8th players not
being present by the scheduled match start
time. e.g. If the 8th players arrives 15 minutes
after the scheduled match start time, then the
team will be penalized 5 overs from their
innings. This means that the offending team will
bat for 10 overs and their opposition will bat for
the full 15 overs.
5. For games that start late, both umpires and
captains need to ensure that the match ends by
the stipulated end time by minimizing/cancelling
drink breaks and or innings breaks to make up
for any lost time.
I T C F 43
45
6. Umpires will ensure that teams do not waste
time by frequent huddling/discussing strategies
especially during tight games.
7. The first ball needs to be bowled by the
designated start time of the match to ensure
that no matches get interrupted due to late
starts.
8. Umpires and Captains need to ensure that any
pre-match warm-ups on/off the pitch do not
result in a delayed start to the match.
9. If for some reason the match cannot be started
on the stipulated start time, both captains
should agree to play a reduced-over match to
ensure that the match can finish on time.
b. Umpires:
1. Both umpires need to be at the ground at least 10
minutes before the stipulated start time to ensure
that the coin toss and boundary setup is performed
before the match start time. In case of umpires not
arriving on time, both the captains will do the toss
and get on with the game using the batting team
players from the playing 11 as the umpires until
official umpires arrive. If in worst situation the
umpires do not show up at all the teams will
continue with the using the players from their
playing 11 as umpires. Umpires can be changed as
needed in this special condition.
I T C F 44
46
2. Also, sometimes the umpires from earlier game are
on field and can be requested to officiate until the
next game umpires arrive.
3. In the event that umpires are unable to get to the
field on time, they should pro-actively call ahead to
the playing Captains to inform them of their delay
and estimated time of arrival.
4. Captains need to ensure that they only send umpires
that are knowledgeable on general cricketing rules,
have read and understood the rule book, and can
confidently officiate the matches.
13.5. Match Forfeiture Policy:
ITCF discourages teams for forfeiting their games.
Hence, teams that forfeit a match will be severely
penalized. A match will be considered as a ‘Forfeit’
under one of the following conditions:
a. A Team is a No-Show for a match or refuses
to play the match.
b. A Team violates the Minimum Player Rule.
c. A Team violates ITCF conduct policy resulting
in the umpires calling the game off and
awarding it to the opposition.
What Happens after a Game is forfeited? The offending team may/will be penalized with player
and/or team Suspensions. ITCF Organizers will take
into consideration the events leading to the forfeiture
I T C F 45
47
and inform teams accordingly of the outcome. The
opposition will be declared as the ‘match winners’ and awarded the points. No NRR allocation will be
applied to forfeited games.
13.6 Rain/Washouts/Bad Weather/Bad Light/
Unavailability of Ground: a. If a match is interrupted due to rain/ Bad weather,
it will be played as per D/L system. Minimum 3
overs from each team (if not getting All Out) is
compulsory to get a result in such matches.
b. If the game is not completed due to weather/light/
ground availability then the game will be
rescheduled. The final decision with regards to
rescheduled games will rest with the Organizers.
c. If it has rained the previous night or is raining and
the game has not already been called off, then a
pitch inspection should be performed by the umpires and captains. If the umpires deem play
possible, then the match should be played that day. Umpires should take into consideration the ground
conditions to ensure a safe match.
d. If there is no chance of play that day the match will
be rescheduled to a later date. The Organizers, after consulting with the captains and umpires
would decide about whether the match should be
re-scheduled. Washed out games will be rescheduled just once. Any subsequent washouts of
the same league round game will result in the
teams sharing points.
I T C F 46
48
e. The final decision about rescheduling would be
taken by the Organizers. The Organizers can call
off games ahead of time based on the weather.
Such decisions will be communicated to the
playing teams and umpires
13.7 Conduct and Penalties:
a. Match Penalties: The Organizers is focused on providing all teams with
a fair, safe environment to play cricket through its
tournaments while ensuring that all teams comply
with the stipulated Rules and Regulations.
Any team(s) found to be guilty of any rule violations or
misconduct will be liable for getting penalized as
deemed appropriate by the Organizers. Penalties can
range from warnings, point deductions, disqualifica-
tion, to getting banned from future tournaments, etc.
b. Player / Team Conduct: Captains are responsible for the actions of their
players at all times and for maintaining on-field
harmony. In addition to players, captains/teams can
also be penalized for any team offenses.
i. Yellow card:
On field umpires are authorized to use Yellow/ Red
card during the matches. The player can be shown
Yellow card for the offence committed by them in the
field. Maximum two yellow cards can be shown to a
particular player in a match. Third yellow card will be
I T C F 47
49
considered as Red Card and the player will be
suspended for rest of the match.
ii. Red Card: Red Card can be directly shown to a player depending
on the offence committed by him during the match.
i. A Red card in a match will suspend that particular
player for rest of the game. The team will not be
allowed a substitute player in that incidence.
ii. Second Red card to the same player will suspend
him for the rest of tournament and the team will
play with one player less in rest of matches.
iii. Four Red Cards in a match may result into team
disqualification for that match.
iv. Four Red Cards in subsequent matches may result
into team disqualification for the championship.
Under the following circumstances these cards can be
shown by field umpires:
1. Any player showing unreasonable dissent in the
opinion of the Umpires/Organizers shall first be
warned for misconduct. Repeated offenses may
result in yellow/ red card to the player and
disqualification from the match and tournament.
2. Fielders and bowlers are prohibited from shouting
anything from the instant the bowler starts his
bowling run-up to the instant the ball is either
played or crosses the normal batting position of
the batsmen. Card can be shown to them if they
do so.
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50
3. Under no circumstances should players from the
pavilion enter the ground to dispute any on-field
decisions. If doing so, field umpires can show Yellow/
Red card to that player/players.
4.The batting team captain will be responsible for
ensuring that players stay off the field. If there are any
questions/concerns then only the captain should
inquire off the umpires for clarification. Teams/
players will be given Yellow/ Red cards based on the
incident for entering the playing field to dispute
decisions and causing a match delay.
5.All questions/concerns related during the match need
to be addressed and directed towards the umpires.
Communicating with opposing team players is not
advised as it generally does not resolve the issue.
6.Sledging on the field– Umpires will warn the offending
player once. If the behavior continues then umpires
have the authority to penalize the player by showing
yellow/red card & suspending them from the game.
This will apply to fielders, bowlers, and batsmen.
7.Any player involved in physical abuse with umpire or
opposing team player(s) will be shown Double Red
Card and will be disqualified from the Tournament
immediately and the team will not be allowed to field
a substitute in his place. In addition the player(s) who
instigates the offending player could also be
suspended from that game or future games or even
disqualified from the tournament based on the neutral
reports.
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51
14. Signals: The following code of signals shall be
used by the umpires when the ball is in
play:
iii. Out – by raising
an index finger
above the head.
iv. Wide Ball – by
extending both arms
horizontally parallel
to the shoulder
height.
v. Boundary (4 Runs)– by waving an
arm from side to side finishing with
the arm across the chest.
I T C F 50
i. Dead Ball – by crossing and
re-crossing the wrists below the
waist.
ii. No Ball – by extending one arm
horizontally parallel to the
shoulder height.
52
ix. Bye – by raising an
open hand above the
head
x. Five Penalty Runs – by repeated
tapping of one shoulder with the
opposite hand five times.
xi. Leg Bye – by touching a raised knee
with the hand.
xii Short Run – by bending one arm upwards and touching the nearer
shoulder with the tips of the fingers. xiii. Declared Runs – By raising the fingers equal to runs declared above head and repeatedly tapping the wrist
with other hand.
The umpire shall wait until each signal to the scorers
has been separately acknowledged by a scorer before
allowing play to proceed.
I T C F 51
vi. Boundary (6 Runs) – by raising both
arms above the head.
vii. New Ball – by holding the ball above
the head.
viii. Revoke last signal – by
touching both shoulders
each with opposite hands.
53
I T C F 52
54
International Tennis Cricket Federation Mathura sports school, Amar colony, Goverdhan road,
Mathura 281004, U.P. India Mobile: 7520065722
E mail: [email protected]
Website: www. Internationaltenniscricket.com
Ravinder Kapil Santosh Srivastava
“Tennis Cricket rules are compiled in
a simplified manner which are easy
to understand and implement
globally. Let us learn them and enjoy
this wonderful injury free game”.
-Editors