official newsletter of the department of agriculture · migrate). the migratory birds that visit...

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AgriNEWSA united and prosperous agricultural sector

OFFICIAL NEWSLETTER OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

November 2007

Agriculture prepares for bigAgriculture prepares for bigAgriculture prepares for bigAgriculture prepares for bigAgriculture prepares for bigeventseventseventseventsevents

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Slugs responsible for lossesSlugs responsible for lossesSlugs responsible for lossesSlugs responsible for lossesSlugs responsible for lossesof canola seedlingsof canola seedlingsof canola seedlingsof canola seedlingsof canola seedlings

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Also in this issue:Also in this issue:Also in this issue:Also in this issue:Also in this issue:

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Departmental Departmental Departmental Departmental Departmental NEWS

Sector Sector Sector Sector Sector NEWS


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FFFFFarming arming arming arming arming NEWS

Sector Sector Sector Sector Sector NEWS


Department mentoringDepartment mentoringDepartment mentoringDepartment mentoringDepartment mentoringemerging farmersemerging farmersemerging farmersemerging farmersemerging farmers

Agriculture exports and theAgriculture exports and theAgriculture exports and theAgriculture exports and theAgriculture exports and theEUEUEUEUEU

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The Land and Agrarian ReformProject (LARP) was launched inNovember 2007 outside

Grahamstown, Eastern Cape. Itcoincided with the launch of the LandRights Awareness Campaign with theslogan “Land rights are human rights”.

LARP aims to settle individual applicanthouseholds or families on farm units, dependingon the land use and productivity of the propertyacquired. LARP, with the assistance of the nationalDepartment of Agriculture and provincialdepartments of agriculture and Local Governmentwill formulate settlement models or agriculturalvillages according to commodity type.

To mark the launch of LARP a 40 000 hafarm was handed over to farmworkers whopurchased the land with the assistance of theDepartments of Agriculture and Land Affairs.

The farm is co-owned and managed by sevenfarmers who bought 1 846 Angora goats, 1676 sheep, 74 head of cattle and 142 Boer goats.“We were all born and have workedon the farm and are happy to ownit now,” said one of the owners,Yohane Tulwana.

Meanwhile, to fast track landdelivery towards the attainment ofthe Presidential priorities for 2007to 2009 the Minister for Agriculture

and Land Affairs, Lulu Xingwana, established theProject Management Unit (PMU), which is thenational implementing agency of LARP.

This was done with the objective to meet thetarget set by Government of redistributing 30 %of white-owned agricultural land by 2014 amongpreviously disadvantaged people. The targetequates to approximately 34 million ha.

In the Eastern Cape the unit is located withinthe priority project of the Economic Cluster ofthe Provincial Programme of Action. The landdelivered through both the Redistribution andRestitution Programmes amounts to 315 000 hain the Eastern Cape Province. “This figure leavesus with a shortfall of about 2,6 million ha andthe provincial PMU is tasked with acceleratingthe redistribution process,” said Lulu Xingwana.

One of the PMU’s responsibilities is to ensurethat the province redistributes 650 000 ha ofagricultural land to 5 250 new agricultural

Launch of the Land andAgrarian Reform Project

Tshidi Baloyi

The Minister for Agricultureand Land Affairs, Ms LuluXingwana, with some of thefarmworkers who havepurchased the farm with theassistance of theDepartments of Agricultureand Land Affairs throughLARP

to page 2

2010

SA still free from bird flu

AAAAA UNITED AND PROSPEROUS AGRICULAGRICULAGRICULAGRICULAGRICULTURAL SECTORTURAL SECTORTURAL SECTORTURAL SECTORTURAL SECTORNovember 2007 AgriNNNNNEWSEWSEWSEWSEWS No. 11 No. 11 No. 11 No. 11 No. 1122222

Chief EditorChief EditorChief EditorChief EditorChief Editor David Tshabalala (012) 319 7337 [email protected] Tumi Taunyane (012) 319 6623 [email protected] Tshidi Baloyi (012) 319 7929 [email protected]

Innocent Mhlanga (012) 319 7827 [email protected] Mulaudzi (012) 319 6622 [email protected] Nortier (012) 319 6619 [email protected] Smith (012) 319 6666 [email protected]

Interns Justin Kennerley (012) 319 7089 [email protected]é-Marie Maritz (012) 319 7872 lizé[email protected] Mmushi (012) 319 6678 [email protected] Moropa (012) 319 7224 [email protected] Seloana (012) 319 6986 [email protected]

SubeditorSubeditorSubeditorSubeditorSubeditor Willie de Jager (012) 319 6636DistributionDistributionDistributionDistributionDistribution Pam Sutherland (012) 319 7104 Fax (012) 326 2817

AgriNews is the newsletter of the Department ofAgriculture, Private Bag X250, PRETORIA 0001.It is published by the Directorate AgriculturalInformation Services, Private Bag X144, PRETORIA0001.Reports in this publication may be used freely, butshould be accredited to AgriNews.

producers by 2009. The Provincial LandReform Office will target dwellers andfarmworkers in the realisation of this target.

In launching the Land Rights AwarenessCampaign the Minister informed allstakeholders, farmers, nongovernmentorganisations, community-basedorganisations, farm dwellers and workersthat Government has put in place alegislative framework to deal with issues oftenure security on farms and to regulaterelationships between farm owners and farmdwellers.

“The main objective of this campaign isto raise public awareness on land rightsissues and to encourage stakeholderparticipation in dealing with land tenureissues,” said the Minister.

The Minister further advised people todiscuss and find solutions together andrespect the rule of law and had onemessage, namely to “stop illegal evictionsnow”.

A call centre has beenA call centre has beenA call centre has beenA call centre has beenA call centre has beenset up for people whoset up for people whoset up for people whoset up for people whoset up for people whoare facing problems ofare facing problems ofare facing problems ofare facing problems ofare facing problems oftenure insecurity andtenure insecurity andtenure insecurity andtenure insecurity andtenure insecurity and

the toll free number isthe toll free number isthe toll free number isthe toll free number isthe toll free number is0800 00 70950800 00 70950800 00 70950800 00 70950800 00 7095.....

from page 1

Launch of theLand andAgrarianReform Project

Registration ofanimal feedsGovernment Gazetted notice 1013,which deals with the registration of farmfeeds, has been repealed by theDepartment of Agriculture and LandAffairs. According to the notice thefarm feed definition in terms of theFertilizer, Farm Feeds, AgriculturalRemedies and Stock Remedies Act,1947, was to be extended to includefarm feeds, which are prepared by orprepared on behalf of any person inaccordance with his or her directionsfor own use.

Statutorymeasures forporkThe Minister of Agriculture and LandAffairs, Ms Lulu Xingwana, approvedSAPPO’s application for thecontinuation of the statutory levy onpork. A levy of R6,00 per slaughterpig will come into effect on 1 November2007 and will apply until 31 October2010. The relevant notice waspublished in the Government GazetteNo 30393 of 26 October 2007.

In less than 3 years South Africa will behosting two major events, the SoccerConfederations Cup in 2009 and FIFA

Soccer World Cup in 2010.The Department of Agriculture through

the Division: Agricultural Product InspectionServices (APIS), held a meeting in November2007 regarding plans for the two abovementioned soccer tournaments.

The meeting was aimed at findingmeasures to control Agricultural Productsexpected to be brought into the country byforeign visitors. It is likely that they wouldbe bringing along different agriculturalproducts of which some are prohibited fromtheir own countries. These and others likethe unprocessed products can pose aserious threat to our agricultural sector.

The events are envisaged to attract agreat number of foreign visitors enteringthe country during those periods, putting astrain on all regulatory services at thedesignated ports of entry.

Inspection at ports of entry will beconducted to mitigate these risks andprevent the illegal importation of products,which may introduce harmful diseases andpests into our country.

Currently there are 107 inspectors spreadall over South African ports of entry,including airports, seaports and landborders and more officials will be appointedin the near future. Currently a committeehas been appointed and already embarkedon a mission to get contingency plans inplace for the two events.

Training to be offered to the officialsincludes courses on law enforcement,communication skills, conflict managementand report writing. However, priority will begiven to the Port of Entry Point Control(PEPC) being airports, land borders andseaports. The technical training to beundertaken will include import, export andnational control.

By Gontse Moropa

Agriculture preparesfor big events

No. 11No. 11No. 11No. 11No. 11 AgriNNNNNEWSEWSEWSEWSEWS November 2007A UNITED AND PROSPEROUS UNITED AND PROSPEROUS UNITED AND PROSPEROUS UNITED AND PROSPEROUS UNITED AND PROSPEROUS AGRICULTURAL SECTOR 33333

With the winter season inEurope and othercontinents it is expected

that not only people but animalswill likely migrate down south andto continents such as Africa whichare enjoying a warm summerseason. The migration of speciessuch as birds sparks fears ofoutbreaks of avian influenza (AI)or bird flu as it is commonly known.This raises the question of SouthAfrica’s preparedness for andvigilance against any possibleoutbreaks.

How are we monitoring theHow are we monitoring theHow are we monitoring theHow are we monitoring theHow are we monitoring thesituation and whatsituation and whatsituation and whatsituation and whatsituation and whatprecautionary measures areprecautionary measures areprecautionary measures areprecautionary measures areprecautionary measures arebeingbeingbeingbeingbeing taktaktaktaktaken to avoid anen to avoid anen to avoid anen to avoid anen to avoid anoutbreak?outbreak?outbreak?outbreak?outbreak?

The Department of Agriculture has anextensive surveillance protocol in place tocarry out continuous (all year round)monitoring of all commercial ostriches andcommercial and noncommercial chickens.This protocol involves regular bleeding andtesting at one of our official laboratories.

There is also surveillance of migratorybirds. Samples (mostly from droppings) aretaken by ornithologists and sent to theOnderstepoort Veterinary Institute (OVI) fortesting.

Precautionary measuresPrecautionary measuresPrecautionary measuresPrecautionary measuresPrecautionary measures

VVVVVery strict importery strict importery strict importery strict importery strict importrequirements are in place torequirements are in place torequirements are in place torequirements are in place torequirements are in place toprevent the entry of the virusprevent the entry of the virusprevent the entry of the virusprevent the entry of the virusprevent the entry of the virusinto South Africa.into South Africa.into South Africa.into South Africa.into South Africa.

• Keeping track of internationaldevelopments.

• Live birds are only imported fromcountries that have been AI free forthe preceding 6 months. If there is anyuncertainty, the country is regarded aspositive until disproven.

• Any birds that are imported from free

countries are quarantined and testedin South Africa in any case.

• Importation from AI-free countries isonly allowed from South Africanapproved processing establishments.

• Products of poultry origin (e.g.feathers) are only allowed to be

imported if treated to inactivate thevirus.• Even feral or domestic cats that are

imported from positive countries aretested for AI.

• Live pigs are not imported in largenumbers in any case, however,

definitely also not from positivecountries.

How vulnerable is SouthHow vulnerable is SouthHow vulnerable is SouthHow vulnerable is SouthHow vulnerable is SouthAfrica to an AI outbreak/Africa to an AI outbreak/Africa to an AI outbreak/Africa to an AI outbreak/Africa to an AI outbreak/pandemic? What are thepandemic? What are thepandemic? What are thepandemic? What are thepandemic? What are themajor risks?major risks?major risks?major risks?major risks?

The poultry and ostrich industries wouldbe vulnerable to an outbreak/pandemic,however, it is not certain that a specific AIvirus would affect chickens as well asostriches (the H5N2 strain affected ostriches

South Africa is still freefrom bird flu

By Tumi Taunyane

only, no chickens ever tested positive.) Thechicken industry is also spread throughoutthe country, with only certain areas wherethere is a close concentration of farms (e.g.KwaZulu-Natal). Ostrich farms are also notpresent in all of the provinces.

The country is currently recognisedinternationally as free from Notifiable AvianInfluenza (NAI). Major risks would be theimportation of infected birds or poultryproducts. Migratory birds could also carrythe virus; however, these would only posea risk when coming into contact with poultry.

South African waterfowl do not migrateto and from the Northern Hemisphere, butare intra-African migrants only (if theymigrate). The migratory birds that visit ourshorelines are terns, sandpipers, etc. Thesebirds are shore-birds (waders) and do notreally wander inland. Wild migratory birds(especially waterfowl) can carry the viruswithout showing any symptoms; however,South Africa is fortunate that it is not on amigratory route of wild waterfowl.


Drought Management Planfor the agricultural sector

Drought occurs regularly inSouth Africa and because ofchanges in climate it is

expected to be more frequent andsevere, which will pose a seriousthreat to agricultural deve-lopment.

The Department of Agriculture wasmandated to develop the AgriculturalDrought Management Plan (ADMP), whichis aimed at an effective and integrateddrought management system for the plant,animal husbandry income system where thenegative impact of drought has beenminimised through sustainable use ofnatural resources.

ADMP is informed by the White Paperon Disaster Management of 1999, whichadvocates a risk reduction approach todisaster risk management, especially thereduction of economic loss, vulnerabilityand protection of the environment. It

emanates from section 25 of the DisasterManagement Act (Act No.57 of 2002) andis in line with the National DisasterManagement Framework of 2005.

South Africa average rainfall is500 mm/p.a. compared to the world totalof 800 mm/p.a. Drought is a threat tosustainable development, affects humanwellbeing, the global economy andenvironmental integrity. Environ-mentaldegradation and global warming add topoverty, aggravating the impact of drought.

Different stakeholders, includingorganised agriculture, local government,the farming community as well as academicinstitutions have come together to see thatthis initiative becomes a reality. The mainaim of ADMP is to establish and implementprogrammes for drought reduction,preparedness, mitigation, response,recovery, rehabilitation and adaptation.

According to Shumani Mugeri, Deputy

By Tshidi Baloyi

Director of Early Warning and ClimateChange, the risk factors that aggravate orlead to drought situations are often latent.These are largely invisible to policy makersand the general public, and even to disastermanagement professionals.

“It is only after these latent risks havebecome manifest that the call to action ismade. By then it tends to be too late as thedamage has already been done,” saidMugeri.

This document seeks to address thecause of drought, reduce the exposure andvulnerability of farming communities andeconomic assets in order to reduce losses. Itwill concentrate on identifying the causes ofdrought as well as the management of thedrought after its occurrence. ADMP still hasto be submitted to the Government clustersand Ministers for tabling in Cabinet so that itcan be adopted.

Thuo ya Boswa trust of YaleFarm won the ABSA-ARCEmerging Beef Farmer of the

Year award of 2007. The winnerwas announced in Pretoria duringthe ARC Star Performance galaevent.

This farm is owned by 23 beneficiariesof Kganung in the North West and NorthernCape provinces. The prize includes thegroup representative touring the USA beefindustry as well as attending the BeefImprovement Federation Convention.

The primary aim of this competition is toacknowledge emerging farmersparticipating in the Kaonofatso ya DikgomoScheme, a grooming stage before fullparticipation in the National Beef Recordingand Improvement Scheme. It is the 5th yearthat this award has been made by the ARC.

This year the focus was on over 400emerging farmers who are part ofKaonafatso ya Dikgomo Scheme in the fiveprovinces: Limpopo, Gauteng,Mpumalanga, Northern Cape and NorthWest.

This scheme focused on getting theemerging sector to fully utilise all thetechnologies available for continousanimal improvement and to use animalrecording information as a selection aid toincrease productivity and enhance moreefficient managerial practices.

The scheme also incorporates aspectsneeded by the farmers to fully understandthe factors involved in making beef cattlefarming a profitable enterprise. The schemewas declared on 5 January 2007 under theAnimal Improvement Act of 1996.

Aspects such as a clear and unique

marking of all animals, record keeping andnotification of birth date, sex, gross marginsand the identification of sire and numberof dams were considered when selectingthese winners.

Thuo Boswa was started in 1998 with23 (22 female and one male) beneficiaries.The group farms with Bonsmaras on a 1888 ha farm. The herd calving percentageover the past 4 years averaged 76, with abreeding herd size of 61 cows and 17heifers. The farmer has been activeparticipant in the Beef Profit PartnershipProject since 2002 and has kept herd andfinancial records.

The other finalists were Mr M S Singo ofBrakspruit No. 2 farm in the Limpopo,Makhado and Mr NJ Skosana ofWolwegatten Farm in Mpumalanga,Verena.

Promising beef emerging farmershonoured

By Tshepo Seloana


The majority of previouslydisad-vantaged emergingfarmers, especially land

beneficiaries are finding it difficultto make a success of theirenterprises in the complex andrisky agricultural sector.

The Department of Agriculture, throughthe Directorate, Land Settlement, adopteda Strategic plan for South AfricanAgriculture, which includes a specificundertaking to implement a farmermentorship programme as a matter of highpriority for all the needy emerging farmers.

In the implementation process theDirectorate Land Settlement, has beenpiloting the Northern, Eastern and WesternCape. The department has identified aservice provider to train mentors and toundertake a survey in the Free State, NorthWest and Mpumalanga provinces.

The mentoring projects that have beencarried out, have shown that, providedmentoring is based on sound principles andpractices, it can make an importantcontribution to the success of emergingfarmers.

The aim of this programme is to enhancethe degree and quality of support availableto new and emerging farmers and toimprove the prospects of profitability andsustainabili ty of their agriculturalenterprises. The initial emphasis inimplementing the policy was on land reformbeneficiaries.

The policy was developed in consultationwith key stakeholders in the provincialdepartments of agriculture (PDAs),organised agriculture (Nafu and Agri SA),banks in the private sector, members of theNGO sector currently engaged inmentoring programmes, the Department ofLand Affairs, Land Bank and AgriSETA. Allthese participants welcomed this plan onmentorship and support of the final policyposition and guidelines.

Land distribution beneficiaries are themost obvious focus of the policy andguidelines on mentoring.

However, four other categories also

require support: New farmers who haveacquired land through their own initiativeand those people and groups usingmunicipal commonage for agriculturalpurposes as well as those living oncommunally/traditionally owned land in theformer “homelands” and

those who acquired land under the policythat preceded the LRAD

Extension officers of the PDAs, on behalfof the department and because of theirsound knowledge of the emerging farmersand their operational environment,

identify beneficiaries who are in need ofmentoring, give information on the form ofownership, locality, contact details, plannedfarming operation and its current status.

DoA mentoring emergingfarmers

By Tshepo Seloana

In the mentoring process extensionofficers implemented the mentorship policy.To be able to effectively implement thispolicy, it is important that Governmentshould assess the effect of theimplementation of its mentoring policy, onwhether funds are spent on actions thathave the desired effect and whether theresults are achieved at a reasonable cost.

The PDAs will produce annual reports.These will indicate the number of farmssupported by mentors. The reports will alsodescribe the patterns and trends of changeand draw inferences on the impact of themonitoring programme on South Africanagriculture and rural economies.


Since adopting the practice ofconservation farming farmershave realised that canola

seedlings have not beendeveloping as they did in the past.They have been told that there arepests called slugs and isopods,which are responsible for the lossof these seedlings. But is this trueand why is this happening andwhat are these pests?

Evidence obtained from field trials, fieldobservations, and discussions with thefarming community, indicates that isopods(pill bugs) and slugs are responsible forthe deaths of the seedlings. These pests mayact separately or at the same time in onefield, however, it is possible to identify thepest by its distinct damage and feedingpatterns.

According to Dr Geoff Tribe from theAgricultural Research Council the benefitsof conservation farming are well recognisedby the farming community. However, thechange-over has also brought problems,which were not experienced in the past. One

Slugs responsible for lossesof canola seedlings

such problem is the loss of a substantialpercentage of canola seedlings during theearly establishment phase, often requiringa field to be replanted.

Seedlings disappear just before or soonafter they emerge on the soil surface. Theloss of seedlings may be widespread overthe entire field, or bare patches may occurwithin a field and steadily enlarge over aperiod of weeks.

Isopods are usually responsible for earlyloss of seedlings, which often requirescomplete replanting of the field. Negligiblelosses occur after replanting even thoughthe same number of isopods is present inthe field, because by the time the seedsgerminate, the winter rains have set in andmoisture is available everywhere.

Also known as a pill bug or roly-poly,isopods get these names from their habitof rolling into a tight ball when threatenedor stressed. The pill bug is not an insectbut an isopod. It has a highly-domedshape, short legs, and inconspicuousantennae. When in its defensive rolledposture, it is hard for a predator to grip,and it is also more resistant to drying out.They prefer moist areas, often living in soiland under rocks, decaying leaves and deadlogs.

Slugs may consume almost the entirecanola seedling, sometimes leaving only afraction of the stem projecting above thesoil before it withers away. Slugs usually

leave characteristic slime trails if the soil isdry, however, in very damp conditions thesetrails may be absent.

Slug is a frequent nonscientific word,which is most often applied to anygastropod mollusc (snails, slugs, conches,abalone), which has a greatly reducedshell, a small internal shell, or no shell atall. The word “slug” is used in everydaylanguage to differentiate them from snails.In reality slugs and snails are often almostexactly similar apart from the fact that snailsusually have a functional coiled shell.

Previously, deep ploughing destroyed thetunnels in the soil in which the slugs hadpassed the dry summer months andexposed them to the elements andpredators. However, where conservationfarming is practised these tunnels and theiroccupants remain untouched, resulting inhigher numbers of slugs.

Milax gagates, originally from theMediterranean region, is adapted to a winterrainfall climate, and has only a few generalnatural enemies in South Africa. Control ofthese slugs will have to be accomplished withthe judicious use of slug pellets.

Slugs are present and feeding on theseedlings soon after they appear aboveground level and pellets have to bebroadcast at this stage in areas prone toslug damage. A second application wouldtarget the larger slugs, and their deathsshould result in fewer eggs being laid asthe sexually mature slugs are removed fromthe population.

By Tshidi Baloyi

→ Slugs feed onthe seedlingssoon after theyappear aboveground level.

← The word“slug” is usedin everydaylanguage todifferentiatethem fromsnails.


What is or was the EU’s actualconcern relating to meat fromSouth Africa?

Initially, the EU was concerned about thebacklog on testing of samples. However, asolution was devised by both EU and SouthAfrica whereby both parties did the testingto finalise the samples. SA’s testing wascompleted and EU is still finalizing. A reporton the testing was submitted on time.

Secondly, South Africa requested to haveinactive commodities removed from the listof EU residue monitoring. The EU notedthis request and will consider the request.What are the issues relating toostrich?

South Africa has prohibited the use ofgrowth stimulants and the EUacknowledged this.What is meant by the term ‘inactivecommodities’?

These are commodities that we do nothave enough quantities to export to theEU. For instance we have not exportedpork to the EU in more than a year.

Regarding the issue on the ban of certain exports to the EU,Ms Tsotso Sehoole, Chief of Communications at the nationalDepartment of Agriculture, answered pressing questions.

Solution devised by EU and South Africa

The Department of Agricultureled by the Director General:Mr Masiphula Mbongwa, met

with Mr Robert Medalin - the DGof the Health and ConsumerProtection of the EU yesterday.

The meeting discussed progress on issuesarising from the meeting of September2007; introducing Dr Emily Mogajane, theDeputy Director General for Biosecurity andDisaster Management as well as discussingmedia handling and therefore making ajoint media appearance for coherentmessaging.

The meeting also informed Mr. Madelin’stechnical team which is preparing for theEU Committee meeting to take place today.The Committee will however, not discuss

ostrich and game meat trade as these itemsare not on the agenda.

The EU acknowledged and understoodissues around oversight protocol relatingto the national and provincial governments,developments on regulations, prohibitionof growth stimulants in the ostrich industryas well as strengthened communicationand feedback between the parties.

In addition, the EU acknowledged alltest results received from the South Africaninstitutions and understood the issues onthe outstanding test results from its UK lab.

The parties agreed on earlierrecommendations made by the Departmentof Agriculture to stop the export of inactivecommodities especially pork, lamb, chickenand milk to the EU. Instead South Africa

will concentrate on building the resourcebase to establish substantial quantities forexport. Accordingly, an application toactivate the export of these commodities willbe lodged when the stock levels aresufficient enough to resume trade.

In view of the recent messages confusingthe South African public, the two DGsagreed on a formal reporting structure thatwill also facilitate communication onoutcomes and timing of media involvement.

“Our discussions were fruitful and holdpromising prospects for a continued healthytrade with the EU”. Said Mbongwa.

For further information contact:Ms Tsotso Sehoole, Chief of

CommunicationsTel: +27(0)12 319 7317

Agriculture exports and the EU

Hence this commodity is not activelyexported to the EU.Are ostrich meat exportsproceeding as normal at themoment?

Yes they are. The industry is also happythat they are in business with the EU.

Is there any threat to ostrich meatexports, because of EU regulations,in the near future?

No, there are no threats as South Africahas illustrated a capability to satisfycustomer needs.

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