Official Journal of the National Brotherhood Electrical Workers of Anlt:rica.

VOL. 6. No. 1.

IOsto!"y li.nd T':u~or" of the Battery. TrensmiUer.

.,.,--

It has been i!h~'WIl t bat in order· to transmit spe~c~ hy ei!?drio'!ty, it is llec­eSsary to cuc.~c. all und\!1:l.tory CUl'l'ent !.n fiow in til(; drc;:ltun~r'wnicl1 the transmtssioll in i.f) be eite<:t"d. and tbat the J;trength of this ~'Jrr~Lt must at all tiIi:l€s be In' ~X~'!! 8.ccO~W"ln(!f! with· th.! vibh:t.)l'Y mov~weDts m' the body :pro­uu"lng the sOllU,l. . ~l!'~ transmitter ,vas used as the ~eueratr,l" of thi .. current; as Ii dynan;o, in tact, th", rm~rgy for drlxiog wbich W8!oJ dflr!v-:!d f)'oro the S(lu'1(l W3.V~S <;et up by the Yillc.:!. Til,:! nSl)u:;.i: of ece.·gy so d~r;.ve!l, was, l-·.Q",e":"~r. ncco;,ssal'Hy

'vcry .. ,oIlH IlnCl the CillTent correspond· in/?lr weak, Rm1 for tllis re:tson thlll was nN a plouctlcal fQrm of u.~m:;lllitter, ex-. cept fnr c('mlj:;!dtiv<·j:r.~hort lines.

l!llii:lLII. G.rs:> dHised a t~ausi.1iit:i:er which, inek3a vf gCllcl'aling the lAnd";.1.­latory current it6(,lf, N:mply ser'ved to ':sm.e . Tal'iatio!l il' till) strf;>H:,.-tt' f)): a cu~­rt:Lt ~C!!lerated l\y some e-eparate S')Ul'ce.

In J) ~'Ii ~~~.r . ... :t:..:-~;£- ;B

"'~II~ FIG. l.-GRA.Y'S \·.u.!..l.Eut RESIS'l'ANCa

'i RANSM.IT'l'ElL

He :i.:{'om~Jlsheil this by mounting- on his ~.Lr!1ting J.ii!p~l"ilgm. D (l"ig. lj a plad'L{l';1! D.~cdIt', 11, the I}oint of whic!l ~M::5;fi.m .. rsed ill a fluid ,:f rather low c()!lt1ili>~h!ty, Rueh :'8 ... Yater. The yari­able dlstullce to Will(~!J the needle was :m!(!,}l'Seo:1 in the f1uilt. due to tM vlt1'a­ti~n l" tIle dil1phrfigm, ~useil chang~B in th;) ~sl$t!!lJC~e cf the path through the t!:li~, und ~O!T~spop-d1!lg changes in the !;U'~n~'!h of tte -;:ttrr.~nt Ret IIp in tbc: 1!1rcuit by the battery B. Iusteftd o! m'~king alid bres!~lng tile cirCuit, lUI

===='-ST. i·OUIS, J~-\NlTARY. 1897.

~~~'============= d!d the trllDsmitte!" of Reis, this instru­ment simvl;.· cn,;sei.l ,f\~'lntions hI the resistance of the cl1'tuit, and thereby allowed a contiun,11lS hut uHd.Ilatory cm'rc!lt to P!lSS oyer the llue. '.rae vn:'l­ations iu this curn·nt ('('nfof"ll~"d J>Xf\('tly with tbe sound ,,·:,.-'t::s&din~ UpO)1 the diaphragm, :md "";C!'&, ther.?f.ore. r.ap~1.ble of reproducing an thl> d-olil':lte slJades of tilIliJre, lomlDl'ss amI pitch necessary in artkulate speech.

FIG.2 . ...:.P.ERLINER·S T!U.NSM!TTER •

G.ay thus establlsh"d the principles CDon whir:h ell su(;~£:s~fl!l bn.ttery trans­nil1:r.er!> .u:" based, but it ~'l\!'I not long berore a. L..!'.H!·U better meltllis V'ras de­,iscG r.: .. ' ~~ttil.,;,~ them i~tu .. j)fliCi .. ',,!e.

In 1S77 EUlile Berli!lllf, of W!'.:;hir,~­ton, D_ C.. in"errted a traltSm,t(.:il" de­pending l!;ion:\ pl·,ndp!c pr'Y"'l\)llBly poiut~d C11.t hy ~he F:-eueil seit~ntlstJ 1)11 MOLlC ... I, tk.t .1i' .L;: j};"'?S?U~'::: ~..;tweeu i'v:') condueH~~ t-~diE'~ io!:"n1!ng .vr.r~ ':,)f

:1 u •. ~I~ctJ'ic ci!·~.:nit be lii('t"foa~(··(!, tbl.' r~­elst:.:.:..;cc of t:tr-ir 'j)oh~i. cf C0r.i:RCt ";vill be dimii.'.I,;hr,d. ~.lld cOIlvp.r:c.:ly. if the pressnre bet\';cen them be de~!ca"e!!. a. corre8pvn::1i~g :nc:'-(le!S(· of :':'=i:Jiach,i!.ce wiiI result. B~I'Uael"'s trllnsmHt.'r is silOwu iu I:'lg.

l., ill whicb A is the ylbra tory diIi1)llra~l!I

SlNCLE C,,~t1.:s,' 10 CGN"'4:£. $1.00 PER Yr:A". n; AD· .. ,,:;ut.

of ml"-tu1. against the ('el;t(cr of whIch rp.~t~ th~ nieral f.:u 11. C, f!:;rr.lr:O oa a lhl1[oh-SC-;-~''\". B. \';tiC'h is m,.:unt€:,l il!.

the st:a!'(!nrrl, n. Thf, pr(;';;i>m:E> of th.~ brIll, C, !!gainet thE; .plat ... .:\, CilD b\! ,'e.;:­nlated to I1UY d.;eired d&!:;~·pe bJ tu!'nh.~~ the thUD.lb-Rcre,\v. 'The l1i~.ph~·Jerrn !!!.!d bllll fO)'millg' tt·~ tt:.i'minul;';.')j" (:le('~r\· .. 1{19 of a el!'cult, lu~it.id~nJ! Ii hlltt~~!"y' '~~ll'! r-::-­cei"'ing h,:>tru,-r.ell:. \Yhcn tbe c:&­phrngt:l 18 v;.brf!Ur1e.", thn pressure :>.t thE< point of Cl)nt:!.ct, A, h.:c:omc!l g"::ate? or lef's, tbu:' ,\,11 rying tb£- resistn.n~e. ~~ -tau contact and ea";Jsill? cvri'espond1ng tH·.· dul3.tions in. the curl"~ut fl.')T\:lng. •

FIG. 3.-PHELP3-F.:>tSCz.; TRA~,$)!I"i7 ER.

Suon aiter this Edison dlOvis~d Ill'. In­l'ltrument dcpeu(tmg l1pon tIte pt;cu!!ttl:" property POSS2l"l;ed by carbon ot vary­ing its n;slstance with I!hllnges of press­ure, r1ulaou'::; forst type oi carbor. t1':ms­mittel" e·)usisieJ -aiillf'!Y (.f a but~i)ll ci c.)mprps.;ea lllurobrrgo be~l'ing Rgainst ft. smali P~f-i.till~1.:t r;is!~ ~.~ecu!'c:a. to 'the di;iph!":J.gm. ':':h~ pLlill'oagc r.ni:to!l W:>I.I ht::ld ligsinst tnt) di.1fJ!ll"llgnl tly g oprilJ.g, t;"c. te~f;;on. of wr.icn c:n:l'l iJ" adinsteli· hv 3 t .... uml~-scr~w.

'.~. form of E.Iison's trlwf'l!lltt<:'r de­"h;:~d I)y Georg€: 1\1. Plielps, of Brooklyn. Ii:. 1S78, 11'1 sl10wn in Fig. 3. 'l'he trans-8tt-t",nt;' 4jt)\"h:e" proppr is shown In il1e ';:Ii,al.l ,~,~t at the right ot this figure,and Is e:c.~ios?(\ i!l a <:!llp·shaped ease fOfm"tl r;~. tl;~ .tWi.' !li~cel!, A and B, Iii! sli·';'·'L. S'!cc.1""d to the tront of the· eniarged h~~<1. e, (,f tilE' adjustrll(:llt F;c,'ew, :E, is. Ii thin plaUnHln disk, F. ag-itlri~t which l~8tS. ~ e.\-iinlil'h.-:Ji h1!tton. O. of 4~om ... r~'c·i'lS"'c1 lamp bl;.(·k. A l'ill.te of ;;l:!.ss,

2

I, carrying a hemispherical button, K, has attached to its rear face auother platinum disk, H. This second platinum disk rests against the front face of the carbon disk, G, and the button K, preS8-es firmly against the center of the dla- ' phragm, D. The plates, F and H, form the terminals of the transmitter, and a"

• the' diaphragm, D, vibrates" It causes variations in the pressure, and corres­pondi~g changes in the resistance of the carbon block, G, thus producing the de­sired undulations of current.

ProfessOi' David B. Hughes made the next valuable contribution tending to­ward the perfection of the battery trans-

~

PIG. 4.-HUCHES' NAIL TRANSMITTER,

mittel'. By a 'series of Interesting exper­iments, he demonstrated conclusively tha,t a loose contact between the elec­trodes, no lU::lt~r of what substance they are composed, is far prefel-able to a firm, strong contact. The ,apparatus used in one of his earlier experiments. made in 1878, is shown in Fig. 4, and consists simply of three wire nans; ot which A aii~ B form the Jerminals of the circuit containing Il baHel'Y and a receiving in­strument. T-b,e'_'circuit. was completed by a third nail, 'C, which was laid loose­ly across the other two. Any vibrlltions In the air in ~he vicinity caused varia­tions in the intimacy of contact between the nails, and col'l'esponding variations In the resistan~ of the circuit. This -was a very inefficient form of transmit­ter, but it demonstrated the principle of loose contact "ery cleverly. It was soon found that carbon was by

far the most desirable substance for

,FIG .. 5.-HUG~ES' MICROPHONa.

electrodes in 'the looSe contact transmit­ter, and nothing has ever 'been found to even approach it in efficiency. '

Another form of transmitter devised by Hughes, nnd called by him the mi­crophone, is shown In Fig. 5. This con­sists of a .small pencil of gas carbon, A. pointed at each end, and two blocks, B B, of carbon fastened to a diaphragm or sounding board; C. These blocks are hollowed out, as shown, in such a man­ner as to loosely hold between them the

, DencD, A. The blocks, B B, form the' terminals of the circuit. This Instru­ment; though crude in form, is of mar­velous delicacy and is well termed mi­crophone. The slightest noise In its vi­clnlty, and even those incapable of be­ing heard by the ear alone, produce SUrPrising effects in the receiving in-

THE ELECTRICAL WORKER.

IItrumel1'.. This partiel.l1,ar form of in­strument is, in lliCt. too deli!"lIte' for 01'­diuliry use, as any jar or ioud noise will caus~ thp e!eetl'O<'if;s to break con­tact an/I llJ',)duce deaf':!ning noises in the: receiver. l'iearly all carbon trans­mitters of to-day arc of the loose con­tact t~, thit! having ,entirf;ly super­seded the first form devised hy Edison, whIch ' depended on the actual resistance of a 'carbon. block beiIig cll:iDged under varying pressure:

But one radical iD:tprovement now re­mains to be recorded. In 1881, Henry Hunnings devised a tl'ansmttter wherein the"varlable resistance medium consist­ed of a mass of finely divided carbon granules held between two.,·c:onducting plates. His transmitter is shown In Fig. 6. Between' the metal diaphragm, A, and a parellt;} condu('ting plate, B, both of which care securely mounted in a case formed by too block, D, and a mouthpiec:e, F, is II chamber fill!'d with fine granules of carbon, ,C. The dia­phragm, A, and the plate, B, form the terminols of thf> transillitter. and the current fl'om the batte!'y must therefore,

FIG. 6.-HUNNIl";GS~ GRAl'.\1LAR TRANS.

Mi'l'TER.

mittel'. The credit of tbis 1!l;lp'l'QYe~lent, however, should, :be . glv.eu' larg~ly til Gray, for in 1875 he bad USed lui Il1duc­tion coil in connection ~itb' his' fi&i:ruo­nic telegraph transmfttcir, ,ann, Edison merely substituted i p. telepilone' tr~DS­mittel' in the circuits ilstid tiyCray:

The Induction coil used then and: now Is made as follows: Around 'Ii. ' cor." formed of Ii bundle.: of soft IriJIi' wii'es is wound a few tur4,s, 9( 'j:!ompa~i:iveIY heavy Insulated copper wire. Outside of this and entirely sepni-ate from 'it, Is wound anothep coil; consisting of a greaT. number of turns ·of ·-fine 'wire, also'of copper and jnsulated. Tbe inner coil is called the primary"," the outer, the' sec­ondary. In telephone work· it is now almost universal p)'actice' to 'place tile transmitter, together "'lth tne battery, in a closed circuit with the primaryot the Induction co,l, and to place the sec­ondary directly in circuitw'ith the line wire and receivin,g inst1:ilroent., 'rhis is shown in Fig. 7, in whicb -'1.' is a: trans­mitter, B a battery, P ~nd S tbe pri­mary and secondary, respectively. of an induction coil, L if the line wires, anti R the receiving instrument., it Is well to state here tbat the usuaVway of" In­dicating the primarY,and secondal'Y ot an induction coil, in diagraphicrcpre­sentatlon of electrical circuj,ts, is ,by an arrangement ,of . two adjacent zi'g:o:;ag lines, as shown in Fig. 7. A, current flowing in the primary :windIng of the induction I:oil produces .afield or force In the surrounding ':Space. and, any ch::U1~es caused by the lciiusmltt.-:i' lil the strength of the' curlieut produces changes in the Intenslty of'tbis field. As the secondary wiwlhig JlesJn tbis field. these changes will, by 'the'linv& ·of,Far­aday and Henry, .cnusechrren,tS. to··flow in the secondary winding 'and tprough the line wire to "the recdv.lng ilJ.stru~ ment. In all good 'Induction· coils tbe electromotive· forces ·set up In the'sec­ondary coils bear nearly the same ratio to the changes in electrom'Jtive force in

fiow tbroug,~ Jlle mass of gn\I~ular car­bon. C. When the diaphragm is caused to vibrate· by sound waves, it is brought into more or less intimate contact with )o-____ -!..,.,,;=-_______ L __ the carbon. granule!;! and causes a vary- T lug pressurehffl:ween them. The resist­ance oft'ered by· them tC' th(~ current is thus varied, and the desired undula­tions in the" current produced. This transmitter, instead ,of hal'ing one or more pOints of val'iahle conmct, is seen to have a· multitude ofth£ID. It can car~'Y a larger current 'Wit!lQUt heating and a,t the same, time produce greater changes in itsresista::lce than the forms previously devised. anu no sound can cause a total break 1:,etween the elec­tredes; ,~hl'se aml ,ether ad711ntages haye caused :his type In OI1P. forill or 9,'Jother ·to) 1:1!'gely dil!plllt;e 311 others. Especin.lly 'IS· this true on llnes of great length. '

TJp to this time all tronsmitters, to­gether with the receiver :md blltt~ry, bad hc?n pt;l- directly ill circ\!it with the line wire, \Yiththis !ll"r&n~ement the changes r.rtlrl\!'~ed in the re::istance by the t:nnsmit'(:!." were so smaii In comparison with the total resistance of the circuit, ttat th':l '~hauges lu curreut we-.;oe t.lso yery sroall auu produced but little effect on the receiver. Edison rem­ed;ed this difficulty by using aD, induc­tion colI 'In cOllnectil)n with tile -trans-

ill

FIG. 7.-TRANSMITTER' WITH INDuC"'rJOU

COIL •.

the primary coil, as the-number of tul'llS in the secondary bears to the number of turns in the primary.

The use of the induction coil with Ule trn nsroltter accomptisbestwo' VEln- im­portant results: 14'irst, it· enables tile transmitter to, operate' in, a circuit of .very low resistance; so that the cban~.~s In the resistance produced by the tt'aus­mitter bear a very large· ratio to the totAl resistance of tae circuit. 'l'his Ild­vantage is well illnstrated .by contrast­ing the two {oHowing' cases:

'Suppose a transmitter capable ot pro­ducing a chan-ge ofl'esisbnce of one ohm be placed directly iu a line eireuit whose total resistance is 1.0ij() ohm:;; a change in the resistanl.~ of the tr:lu~­mitter of one ohm' will tlJCnehang~ the

January] THE ELECTRICAL WORKER. 3 ================ - ------============-

total' reslst(in.ce of the circuit one one­tho~~dth .. of Its vitiue, and the result­ing clilinge In,culre .. t .flowing will be but Qne' Que-tbpusandtb of its value_ On the other hana, supfNse the same trans­mitter:, ta be plllc~d in a local circuit as above describ;:;d, the total resistance of which c,:ircuit is five ohms; the change of One ohm in the' transmitter will now produ,'e r. cb?-llge (If resistance of one­iifthof'the toml resi:otance of the circuit and cause ~: Change of one-fifth of the total current 'tlowing. It is thus seen that tluctuatlons in· the current can be produced by a tmusmitter with the aid of an induction c<.,n which are many times greater than those ptoduced by tIte same transmitter without the coii.

The' second advant:J.ge Is that by ~ir­tue- of tl1e small' nnmb!'l' of turns in the primari wlndlngand the large number In the secOD4ary winding of the induc­tion roll, the currents generated in the seconilary are of a "ery high, voltage as compared with those in the primary, thus enabling transmission to be effect­ed over much greater length of line and over vastly highl!r l'e!'isblnces than was formerly the CAse. Without the induc­tion coil long distr.ncc telephony would be imposslbie.-:-Am;;rican Electrician.

THE A.CTION OF THE SERIES MOTOR

AND GENERA.'1'OR.

By WilUIlID Baxter, Jr.

The engnlving shows a series wound machine, whleh' mil y be: pither a motor or a generator-a motor "if current is sup­plied tbro\lgh tbe wires P and N, and a g'enerntor if the armature A is rotated, in which case a curre!:t can be taken from P IUld N. .'.rlle series-wound machine is the simplest st}~le of winding, and there­Core the best suited to the purpose of ex­plaining the action of such machines.

The machine will first be considered as A motor. In that case the current enter­Ing through the wire P will pass through the wire on the armature A, by way of the commmricator C. As will be seen, P p:lsses directly to tbe brush B. From lbis brush the cur.-ent passes into tht' armnture wlt'es, through the segment of the c-ommutator C, with which it is in contact. After circulathlg' through all the wire on the armaturt', it reaches the com­mutator segment in contact with the brush Bl; it then passes to the terminal c of the field ma:;net coii :n. After gOing throU;;h this roll It passes by the wire E to the !'!eeond· magnet, C{)!l An, and from the ternIinal ·cl· of the coil to the wire N.

The current, In malting this excursion through tl:\e wire WOU!ltt on the machine, Ilt'ts np l! ~nd!tlo!' 0" t1dJlg'S tllnt causes the ,armnture to rotate. The current tra­"f!rsing the colis M :md 1\11 m:1:;!netizes the fie1<1 F, thepol('sF1. 11'2 of which sur­Nl1nd the armature_ If the CUl"reut did !lot pro.ss thrOligh the m·mnture-·that iR, tf the wire P connectf'd direct with c­there would, be no temienry to rotate; hut as the current'doe!! pass through tIle armature. tbe l.·otath-e tendency Is very great. The o:!ener:ll way of l()okin~ et thlsnctioll Is .. that the magnetism of the field pul1s the iron core of the armn­';Ul'earountl: !mt this is not the correct e'C.J,lanatioi1. Tue action tlepellds upon the !:lct that a magnet will push away from

it a wir>! in whid! an eJectr;.!! cun-ent Is circulating; th~'re(ore the .{orc.., wl!:ch rotates tnt: al'Jllatur~ is the push of fue magneti!!lID agalm=t tl1e wirp.0n the hr­toe!". or, more proped;i GpellkiI,g", aguinst the current In the wire. If we were to COllDect the magnet coils

~I :\I1 wilh one souree of eleen'icity, and -the armatUl'e .,vire with another, we would find that if the cUl'I~nt through the armature remained COllstant a varia­tion in the quantity of CUlTent through the magnet coils would produce a corre­spollding variation ill the pull or torque of the al'mature. OIl the othel' hand if w~ I,ept the current through the magiIet COils cOllstant, and increased or de­cteased the quantity of current through the wire on the armature, we would also ohtain a cOlTespondlng incl'ease or de­crease in torque. From the foregoing we see that a variation in quantity of cur­rl'nt in either the field magnet colls or the armature wire will produce a corre­spO'ndillg Yariation In the torque. There­fore, if we consider the figure just as it is drawn-that is, with the same current going throu'gh both field and armature­we will see that an increase In quantity qf current will cause a still greater in­crease in torque, and a decreas~ In cur­rent a correspondIng decrease in torque.

The foregoing facts ure so simple liS to be self-evident. That a change ill quan­tity of current will cause a change in torque, is not difficult to underStaIlfl: but

p+

N_

there are many who do not see why the cUI'I'ent changes, and unless this point is properly understood a· clear comprehen­

. sion of the subject is not possible. Those who have a very limited knowledge of electJ'lcity suppose that the only obsta­cle .J. current encounters in passing thrilu::h wire wound upon a motor is the re .. istllDce of the wire, and, taking this view of the case, they cannot see why the strength of the CUl"l"ent should change. If the resistance of tl1e wire wel'e the only 'obstacle to resist the pass­age of the current, thi,s view would be perfectly correct; but as a matter of fact the resistance of the wire is a very small per('ent(!l!e of the totlll res!f:tnnce on-­posed to the current. The chief obstacle to the !low of cUJ"rent throuA1J the arma­ture is the counter-electl'omotive force which is set up by the action of the mo­tor. The production of this !'ounter-elec­n'omotive force has been fully explained !n these columns, and neer. not be re­peaten here further than to recall the fa<'t that the ChAnge in <'urrent is pro­portionately milch greater than the clJ:tn~c in connter-electrpmotlve force. Since the counter-electromotive force Is alwn~'s nearly C(Jllal to the applied elec­tromoti~e force, 1£OAving bnt a small dlf­fer('nce to overcome the re~!stance ot

the wire, it follows at QllCC that a rela­tively ~mall drop of the counter-electro­motive force will double or quadnlple the qUllntity of cm·rent. This large varia­tion in L'le current with a cOlllparatiyely small variation in the counter·electromo­tive force causes a great variation in the strength of the field current "and mag­netism. Since, then, the current through the armature and the Rtrength of the fields are both changed at the same time to a large a.mount by a small change in the counter-electromotive force, It fol­lows at once that a large variation iIi torque results. It has been explained in these columns

th1l.t with If. constant field the variation in speed due to a variation of -load is small. In a series motor, however, the field streng-th is not constant, as the same cm'­rent flows through both armature and field. Should an incre:Jse of load occur, the first effect is a decrease of spl'!ed with a decrease of counter-electromotive force. leading to an increase of cnrrent. This incrc:lse vf current strengthens the field, which, as has been recently explained in these columus, acts to decrease the speed stIlI further. We see, th(~l"ei'ore, that with a series motor au incl'case of load leads to a comp:u-ath'ely large increase of torque, and al~o to a ('omparativelv large decreas" in speed.' •

With these explanations \ve can pro­ceed to show the actien of a series­wound motor from the instant of start­Ing. 'Ve wm tak.: a twenty-five horse­power railway Dlotol': Such a machine would have a' resistance of about one ohm, and, would be, operated by 8. C'lr­rent having an electromotiYe force of five hundred volts. If we close tbe cir. cult, 'Vithout using any external 'resist-' ance (to ~ut down the initial current), the strength of curreut throueh both fields and armature at the Instant 'of starting would be five hundrcn amperes, If the motor were entirely free from in-

. ductlve action;- but as this condition is Impossible, the actllnl f;tnrting current would probably be 3b(lut three ~mll(il"ed amperes. With this amount of ':url-ent the starting torque would be T'ery ;:reat. This can be realized when we say that a current o"f UlrC:e nundred ampere!!, with an electromotive force of five hundred volts, is equal to about two hundred horse-power. The enormous torque de­veloped at the instant of starting would at once set th~ al'mature in ID(ltio,n; but this motion would instantly develop a counter-electromotive force. The pass­age of the cur:-ent would then be op­posed, not only by the resistance of the wire, but by the counter-electromotive force as well; and as al'esult, the cur­rent would be cnt down. This pl'"cess would continue, until a speed was reached where the counter-electromotive force de"-eloped ~-otllj he <;'1~cl .. nt to cut the current down to such nn extent that the torque'of the armature would be just enough to balance the mechanical resist­ance OPPOSing its rotation If the motor wera runnill~ free, th., only resistance to motion would be friction; and as thi~ constitutes only a .smn.ll perc~nt:lge Qf tile total power of a motor, tlle ~elocity wonld be very great. What the velocity would be under different loads can be ~nductlon Is a sort ot back prcpsuro set up by a sudden rU3h or IncrE-Rlle' In current. An explanation ot the subject Is n.ot bp.lleved to be advisabl'l In (hi" article, as It would only serve to com\illcate the SUll. ject under conSideration.

4

shown with a sUtticlent degree of ac­curacy, for the purpose of an Illustration, without resorting to any complicated cal­culations. Railway motors generally de-

• velop their rated capacity at about 350 revolutions per minute. This velocity. for a twenty-five horse-power. motor would give a torque at one foot from the center,i)f the shatt of aoout 375 pounds. This would require a current of about 42-amperes. If the speed is increased until the current is cut down to 21 amperes, the torque will be reduced' to something over one-quarter the above amount, in consequence of the current being reduced in both armature and fields. Cutting the armature current in hall· cuts .the torque In halt at once, and if the strength of the field magnetism changed in exact proportion to the change in the field cur­rent, halving the field current would again cut the torque in half, giving as a result one-quarter of the original torque. In point of fact, however, the field mag­netisiD does not vary in exact proportion with the field strength. With small cur­rents, the'maghctic strength of field in­creases nearly in proportion with the cur­rent, but 8S the current increases the proportionality does not hold good. In dropping from 42 to 21 amperes, the re­duction In strength of field would be nearly one-halt; but in increaSing trom 42 to.81 amperes, the increase in field strength would probably be 'about 50 per cent.. A reduction of the current from 42 to 21 amper-es would redu~e the torque from a75 pounds to about .100 pounds, and the speed would be increased to abo\lt .695 revolutions, while, the power developed would be about 131-4 horse­p<:wcr. .A. further reduction of the cur­rent· to, say,· 10 amperes, would reduce the torque to about 27 pounds, and the speed would be, increased to about 1,260, 'while the power developed would be about 6.5.· horse-power. Au incre-ase of current· ,to, say, 60 amperes, would in­crease the. torque to about 7:00 pounds; the speed would be reduced to about 260 revolutions per' minute, and the power developed would be about 35 horse-pow-er.. . .

TabtrlatfDg 'these reslilts, w.e wO\lld -get the following: . Am-

. peres. Torque. Speed. Power. 00 700lbs. . 260 35 H. P. 42 . 375 lbs. 350 25 H. P. 21 100 lbs. 695 13lA, H.P. 10 27 lbs. 1,260 6% H.P. These figures shQw that a small chang.e

In speed produces a great change in torque. On this account this type of

. winding is well adapted to railway work, and that is the reason wby it is tbere used.

For drlviug general machinery the se­ries-wound motor is, not suitable, .be-

. cause, as the above figures show, it will not run at a constant speed with varia­tions in load. The reason for this Is as follows: Wben the mechanical resist­ance that opposes the torque is reduced, the first· effect is to increase the speed. This increase of speed increases the counter-electromotive force and reduces the current. The reduced current in tU"Ii reduces the 'field strength of a series mo­tor, and, as was shown at length in a re­cent article in these columns, entitled "Electromotive Force, Counter-Electro­motive Ferce and Speed;" reduction of field strengtb involves a further increase In speed.

THE ELECTRICAL WORKER.

NoW, it if! evident that if we can so wind a motor as to keep the strength of current paSSing through the field cOil.s constaut, we will gr~atry reduce tbe varI­ation in speed required· tt) increase the counter-electroruotive 'force enough to obtain the necessary decfllase in torque. If. in addition to this, we ('flD st:' wind the armature that a very smnil change in the countep:electromoti'\'e force will pro- . once a great 'chang-eine the cnrrent, we will: have a' motor 'that will run under w!de' variations in load with a .small change in speed. 'These' results can be accomplished by' what is known as "shunt-winding." . The shunt-wound mo­tor was discusSed in a recent article.

The action of the series machine 8S a dynamo iSIDore easily explained.

'rhere is no difference between a motor and "a' generator. ·If we pass a I!lirrent through the' machine' it is a motor, and its power may· beutiJ1zed by placing a belt on the pulley. If by the same belt

. the 'm::rchine is driven, it. becomes a gen­erator, and an electric current may be taken from the ends of tIJe wir~s. If the machine is efficient us a motor itwHl be efficient S~ a genel'ator. As a Jl10tor the rotation will. be in the opposite direction if thew!re connections are not disturbed. If it 'is desi!'ed that 'the machine should tll.rU 1n the same direction. the commuta­tor brush conneCtions should.be reversed.

A series-wound ,'machine, as shown in the Illustration, will deliver a constant current at 'constant elt:ctromotive force, if it is driven. at 'a constaDt speed and tlle resistance tn the circuit Is ~ept con­stant. If the' speed is incrensed thll elec­tromotive force is increased, and with It, o! course,the current. Dynamos are naturally run at a constant speed. and the action under s, cl:!angeof resistance is of more interest. lfthe resistance is decreased, the immediate effect]s s.n in­cr~ase of c'Jrreut, 'V·itb the series con­nection of the field. this in-crease',of cur­rent strengthpns 'tb\! field, auil the in­creased strength of field increases th!' electrol!lotlYe - forc~, leading to a still greater increase of current.. .

This macblnp,- therefore, is not self­regulating asa generator, any more than it is as a motor. Generators of this type are used for "arc" light dynamos, but In order that they may give satisfactory results, a r-e~ulating device of one kind or another Is used.

Arc lamps are usually arranged in se­rillS. The quantity of current must be kept constant regardless of the 'uumber of lamps burning; but the elecn-omotlve force must increase as the number of lamps is increased, in' order to force the required quan,tity of current throu~h the increased resistance. .

No method of winding a machine so that it will. deliver II coustant current with vnriahle electromotive force, has been· devised that wlll give satisfactory resnlts in practice; therefor" !tll the ma­

. chines of thls. cluss are D','ovlded with other means for E'fiecting the. regulation.

ThE. GIlDel:al Elel:h'ic en. has secured the contract for ·fti.jnishing :llld installIng apparatus for the 8t_ Anthony Falls Power Co. of Mitinenpulis. ·The plant will have a ('arll\!~jt:v .of 7,OOO-h(\fse pow­er. anf! will furnish po\\'er for the Twin City Rapjl1 Truu;;it Co. The . General Electric CO.'8 t~llntl"llct, it· is stated, a wounts_ to. $300,000. .

[January

SIXTEENTH ANNUAL COlll"VENTION OF THE AMERICAN FEDER- .

ATION OF LABOR.

The Sixteenth Annual Convention of the American Federation of Labor, like' the fifteen tbat preceded it, is now a mat­ter of history, and while the sL~teelllll convention was not an epoch-making event, it wiU compare favorably with any of its predecessors in results accom· plished. .

The convention was called to order at 10:30 a. m. Monday, December 14th, and closed at 10 p. m. l\Ionday, Decem- . ber 21st. Martin Fox, .President of the Iron Molders' Union, was to deliver the address of welcome, but on account of the death of his mother, E. J.' Denny, General 'Secretary of the I. 1\1. U., read the address prepared by Mr. F()x,' which was' well received by the delegates. President Gompers responded in behalf of the delegates. and then appointed n Committee on Credentials, after which· the convention adjourued until 20'dock. At the afternoon session the Committee on Credentials reported fal"Ol-ably on ,all credentials excepting Wm. C. Pomeroy, of the Waiters, and R. M. Ryan of the Tin, Sheet Iron and Cornice ',,"orkers_ The report of the committee was accept­ed and 117 delegates, repre8entinA' 92 orlmnizations, of which 38 were national· and intel'Dational, 3 State branches. 15 central bodies; and 35 local nnd feder-HI unions, were seated, and the convention was duly opened by the, appointment by the chair of the usual committees.

PreSident Gompers read his annual ad· dress, which was quite a lengthy docu· ment, reviewing- the work of the :A. F.. of L. during the past year, and offering 11/ number of suggestions in regm'd to tn-. ture actions. The prindpal pOints in the address were "Labor Le~islatiou," . "Strikes and Their Effectiveness." "Hl-gher Dues." "Organization of Tertile Industries." "Trade Unionism and Poli­tics," "A National Defense )l"und." "The Eil:ht-Hour Movement," and "Immlgra~ tion." U.nder "Higher Dues" lle'flaid':

This opportunity !Ohould not be passed by . without calling attention to the fact that the -greatest success which 'Can attE.'nd our movement lies In the fact that the workers who are members of our repective o~·ganl­zations, should always be Impressed with the desire and the necessity of rema1ning members. The world ot workers, as ot others. are prompted by the motive of bene­flting themselves. not only In the remote fu­ture. but as nearly Immediately as possible. Workers are frequently organized Into unions whIch are brought Into existence' in the floodtlde of Industrial revival. and often they are not based upon the recognition that there are fiuctuating periods 'of revival and stagnation In the trade. It Is not recogn'zed that It Is not only necessary to build wisely during IndustrIal activIty, but &lso to ap­J'r",.,late the fad that we !.'ho,t1d. so.·dp.visf;·· our movement that It can withstand the devastatfng Influences of panics. industrial crises. and stagnation .

The unions based upon a false conception as to IndU!'ltl'ial and commercial'l!ondltions are always weakened by and often faU be­fore the first stonns of adversity. Th!' unions of labor which have taken Rdvanta·ge of experience ana en grafted In their la>,'s as a basic prinC'lple of their foundation the qUE.'stion of high dues and benefits, to. theIr members. have not only withstood an the antagonisms of the employing classes; ha.ve llot <inly maintained wagt:S ann retained their membership. but have in the midst of thc severe"lndustria) panic of 1893-95,sucCfeol­e,l In obtaining Increased wagl's; rl.'ductions 'in the hours ot labor. The organizations have'

\.

I I

January]

been JDa.lntamed. with more members act­ive, alert and aggressive, rea".y to take ad­vantage ot the first signs of industrial re­vival and to utilize It to the interest and advantage ot their respective crafts. If the workers have not realized the necessity to organize, and in their organizations pay reasonably hIgh dues, they will pay tenfold tor their shortsightedness In low wages anti long hours of labor. .

The greatest question before the wage­workers of the country is to shorten the hours of worK, and thus give employ· ment to a larger number. This question has come before the conventions of the A.. F .. of L. for a number of years past, but nothing definite was done; so all del· egates were eager to hear ~the recom­mendations.of President GOllipers to the sixteenth ·convention, which are as fol· lows: .

As :Per Instructions, the executive council ~J:v. set to work for the purpose of secur­mg some. co~.cesslons for an eight-hour work-da.y. A number ot unions made thE> demand, ·and In ma.ny Instances secured It by strikes. A much larger number, how­ever, had the redup.tlon conceded to them without even the necessity of ceasing their work.

Having In mind the great Influences that a reduction In "the hours of labor has upon the· economic, social, . polltlca1 and moral conditions ot the worke!"S, and upon all the people, and recognizing, too, the great num­ber ot our· brothers and sisters who hR.ve been deprived of an opportunity of employ­ment, and with a full knowledge that the road to IndepE>nd"ence, to a better, a nobler lIte, lies through thf)· movement of organ­·bed labor, in Its unending and unconquer­able sb"Uggle for a shorter work-day" the executive council dIrected your president to prepare some recommendations to this con­vention as a basis for a. plan of operations for a more thorough and systematic agl~ tatlon, and for the enforcement of the eIght-hour work-d·ay at as early a day as possible. .

Keenly sensible ot the responsibility tliU'l lmposed. . I submit the following tor 3-'O\1r consideration:

That the executive officers of each nation­al or International union recommend to the American Federation of. Labor, a represen­tative of Its organization. who may reside in the city In which the headquarters ot the American Federation of Labor may be lo­cated, these to constitute an advisory board.

That these representatives hold regular meetings at least once a month; at such time· and place as the officers of the Feder-

- atilln may provide, and that all officers of the Federation who can, should be required to -attend -these meetings and conduct the oftlclal duties thereot. .

That· the conclusions ot these conferences shan not be bln<'.ln~ unless approved by the executive council ot the Federntlon.

That the president, by and with the con­eeut of. the executive council, select some­one to assist him In the performance of his Duties;. that Is, in his correspondence, In ed­ItIng the "Amerlcll.J1 Feda-atl"nlst," and to temporarlly take his place during his ab­sence from· headquarters, and to perform such other duties as may be re'tuired In the Interest ot the movement.

Tba.t a series ot simultaneous Irass meet­ings be beld by the wag.:>-workers of the en­tire country, preferabl~' on public holidays, The d3.tes ··suggested S~·;: as fcllcv:s: Feb­ruary 22d (Washington's Blrthctay); May lst; May 30th (Decoration Day); July 4th (Independence Day); Septembe~ 6th (l.abor Day); November 24th (Thanksgtvi.ng Da.y); further meetings to be cetermineJ upon by tho convention ot 1897.

The appointment (,f special organizers, as rf;Commellded under another heading of this report:

The Issuance ot pamphlets, circulars and other litera~ure upon the advantages of the "horter work-day.

To generally request all public speakel's, newspapers, and the labor press; to make i.he alms and purposes of the eight-hour mO\'ement ~h~ theme of a simultaneous dis­course.

THE ELECTRICAL WORKER.

The Issuance vi: d~·(.ula.ns to t.hE; e::tp!QYH5 generaIlt' ~lJd \U~9ctl~, reque;;:.uiJ.g:,fll~ ',~(ln;; cession (J! tc.~ .:i:::.h(.··!~:.:)ur work'.·I,.'a.y

'L'he aPl-'oinlm",nt "r cOltlm~tte"s by local" central lio1i.e3 and lc..,al trai !_;:. ·un~·.;iu:, !I,)

walt. upvn "illployern with a YiE-.w of !';;cu!'­ing the etl';'ht-hour worK-day witt,Gut cessa-tion ot work. . .

That the officers ot· national, Internation­al and local trade unions fur-nish data as to the progress made in the matter of or­ganization and· preparation f('r the Inaugu­radon of a general movement to reduoe the hours of labor.

That thil! convention will recommend to all organizations that an effort be made to secure a reduction Ir.,:the hou·ts of labor at as early a time as possible, and partlcular­Iy during the spring, "r May 1, 1897,

\Vlth a keen sense of the responsibility resting upon us; wltl! a I'ecognitlon of the necessity of our acUon, we call upon all workers to organize IT! the unions of their respective tradec. VI'e earnestly seek tha sincere co-operation of all fp.lr-mlnded men and women of our time. and declare openly and unequivocally our purpose to demand the general entorcement of the eight-hour work-day, May 1, 1898, and to that end we shall bend our every effort.

Th.e report of President Gompers was listened to attentively by the delegates and genera.Jly conceded to be one of the ablest reports ever presented to a con­vention of the A. F. of I,.

Secretary McCraith reported that there had been an increase of 68,292 members ill the A. F. of oJ L. during the past year. The receipts of the organization during the rear were $19,fl21.30. The ex· penses were $15,452.1:15, leaving a balance of $4,168.35.

The most interesting part of the report was the sUltement fr{'m different orga.n­izations, showing the nnmber of strikes :Uld lockouts during the post yeoI'; also the number successful, compromised and unsuccessful. It was ihe general experi­ence of all unions that 1r06 was a severe· one on labor organizations, and, with one or two exceptions, the hest any of them could report was to hold their own. Two hund"ed and sixty-seven charters '\tere ~ranted during the YEar, 11 being to na· tional or international unions, 25 to cen­tral labor unions, and the balance to lo­cal nnlons. Secretary McCralth conclud­ed his report as fO_llows:

All of which Imparts a gleam of hope for the future. The workers are organizing. Whatever construction may be placed up­on It, It emphasizes an Important tact, name1y, that they are awakening, and rap­Idly, to a true sense of the industrial slt­ua.tlon. And org:lnlzatlon means aSide from immediate benFt..t!O, an opportunity and an Ineent;·, ... to le-arn economic causes and effect!'. E·"<;!T}' deit;gat'l knows thlc, with­out extellu .. d !·ep~.tition and example. There Is also ev,::"nt s. gr,'wing faith In the trade union RS :!. mean!! to a,c.compllsh genuine re­fonn. This Is espeCially noticeable In the fact that, notwlthsto.ndlng repeated attacks, It is growing and Is grt'ater. to-dav than ever. Not only Is this true In our ow'n land, but In other countries, wher'e other meth­ods have be ... n tried, we find til em now giv­Ing greater attention to the trad~ union, In t.he knowl~(lJ;''' tha.t no matt~'" v.-1>.(tt course they may also pursue In connection to bring about reform, the trade union is the imme­diate Important tactor. It is quite natural for those outSide of the

tr&.de union. engaged in other pursuits than those c-f the v.·al'\'e-worl~"rs, sna who ha.ve no unions, to doubt Its correctness. But for the workers it Is l·ight. RlId what II! right for them, the great mas!; of the people, will in the end be right for all. Doctrlnarles tell us that Its gains are eventually absol"C<\ In other dlrectlonR. This;s another case of theory vs. condition, for "'e· have but to look about us to see the statement refuted by facts, in hlghel wages. "horter hours, more comforts, greater Independence, and increased libert((,s. For ab!lol\ite proof, compare tbe condition of the unionist with

5

the non-unionist. There are exceptions, It hi true, bILt the fault can be found in the particular organization, not In the gen.eral method. It the workers allover this broad land "'·'lUld give as much a.ttention to the trade uu!on method as they do til political, tbey would achieve far greater results. They w01Jld gain In the workshop that whiCh could nvt be taken away from them by leg­islatures, for with the workers banded to­gether In trades unions, who is to snppori: and enforce obnoxiOUS d6(!rI'~·? In any cvc.mt, to accomplish any gen·.Iir,,. reform, the worker·s must stand togdther as a class. Unity Is a prerequisite and class Is the con­dition. Their immediate welfal"e Is opposed to . all others, while their ultimate Is the same; by which Is meant, that agaInst them w!ll be arrayed in the battle for human rights all those who are now arrayed againat them in the diviSion of the total product. And t,hey can never agree upon any method, political or otb'lrwlse, that will make the division Justel". Henoe, they must combine amongst themselves. and the only method of doing so that has· yet been pro­loosed and practiced, has been that of labor organlza.tlon, with its portals open to wage­,,·orkers only.

There Is no limit to the development of the trade union, and there only can unity be secured, to be expressed when It may and' by what agencies. We have seen. clea.r­cut issues fostered by labor enter tho do­:n:::.!n vt. politics. And ,,'hat be-::arne of them? Defeated. Why and how? By tho fact th:lt, while organized labor has at such tim<'s almost acto'} unanimously, unorgan­Izec labor· has b2en pampered lnt~, "Citing on t.'lo sidE- of the ('no:my. What Is the mor­al'! Get the ullorganlzed Into C3.mp. Let 1\5 locI. to our trade union fil"l!l, and the bal­lot.box next. Let us beal in !"llilHl that l'P change can be made, no refor~l In~htut€'?' :Inti! education enSll'!S, and w n"n H~at 13_ done ~he change results .of !ts own 3:~CI)rd9!: gr:~dl.lal!Y, almost impel"ceptiNy. '.VHh~.ut· u.nl' !!pe~al declaration or b~a.tlng of .~l"'lrns. Iu f .. et, great changes, when spec"",!.)! !";!'­ti<!ed, are accompanied by I'evoluut:.n. J.':. strike was· at one time a crime. To-da~' 1. is all indisputable right ot labor. No la.ws h ... "e b'len changed, but tltP. courts ha.ve been compeiled to hearke.n to an educated public vpir.lon. So with the boycott. E:lrst denouncel' and vilified and cause for Im­prii!Onment. Now it I::> uniYel"l!al, practlcro h)· aU classes, and cases in court are rapld­I'" growIng fewer. Public opInion has again asserted itself here. It will be so with oth­er retorms. just as soon as organized I,tbor Is numerou:! a.nd strong enough to Dot only make, but be, public opin1011.

On 'l'uesday the moi'nlng sessloll was taken up with routine business. In the afternoon, OOwev-er. -the questl<in ot RC·· cepting the credentials of W. C. Pom­eroy, representing the Hotel ~nd ~estau. r:!Dt Employes' National AllJance, came lip, and causen a lively discussion. The opposition to Pomeroy came In the form of n protest from the State Federation of Illinois, ch:lrging that Pomeroy owed that organization about $500.00 on a sou­venu' he pu1JlIsheil for it, which the or­g-anizatloll v.:IlS unable to collect. They also objecit;d tl) Pomeroy's action during . the last cllmpai~n in issulnl: a pamphlet . In the Interest of Mark Hanna, wblch· pp.r\'erted the reports of three conven­tions I)f' thf' _~ F. or L .• sllid po!!tiC31 doc· ument being slimed by W. C. Pomeroy, as General Organizer of the A. F. of L. Pomeroyllad a dele:::ation of lobbyists in Cincitln:l.tl wO"king for his interest, prob­nhly pnin b~' Hanna. but not a delegate ou the floor of the convention dared de­fp.nd him or his conduct since his connec­tion with the labor movement_ Those who favored seating him in the conven· tion b:toled the!r whole IU'gument on the thf.'ory that the A. F. of L. had no right to Qllf'stion the elll!'ibllity of the delegate !lent hy an a.ffilfated organization, as tra<1e autonomy ga"e that rl~ht to pach organl7..ation, The sentiment was so

I I

'I".

6

strong agaloBt Pomeroy, on general prin­ciples, that on the final vote. he received only 196. out .of a total of over 2,500 votes in the cOnvention, and thos the chief of

.the. Chicago ·gang of labor skates re­ceived at last his knockout blow. Mark Hanna .may reward him, however, for paat~oby.~viDg him a.polltical job after March 4th.

On Wednesday morning Grand Chief C1aJ:k, of the Brotherhood of Railway Condnctors, was lntroducedby President Gompers, and read a lengthy paper Dn the Erdman arbitration bill, whicb Is now before Congress. Thij;! bill had beeu approved by the Rallway"Brotherhoods, and they now asked. the indorsement of . the A-F. of L. Some of the delegates objecU!d' tothe:blll· on. account ·of severnl ~ptiJsort features, which would 'be ·an lDjnry to' organized labor. Oil motion the bID was referred to & special commit­tee of five, with instructions to report be· fore the 'close ot the convention. .

TIle -repQrt from our fraternal dele­gates,to England, 'as neither Strasser nor Snllivan were present, was read by the secretary. The l'eport sbowed the con­dttion of· labor organizations in England, and &1$0' remarks on the ~ints ofsim!­Jarltyand difference betWeen organiz.'\, tiona in t;he old country and In this, and where we' could Improve by copying from ~brothers across the water.

TIle fraternal delegates from England, SamU~ WOOds and John 1t1aiHnsoll, ad­dressed tbe. coJivention Wednesday after· 'Qoon~' Mr. Woods is quite an:orator, and delivered, an interesting address. Mallin­son lBnQt a born orator, bnt what he had to sa:i was to tiie pOint. The addresses were lisienedto" with marked attention' by the delegates,nnd ,all felt that they were receiving words of advice from the oldest trades union orw.iniZation in the world. it the. British Trades Union Con, gress continues to send sucb able dele­gates. tit the future as it bas during .the past three years, we most certainly form a high Ideal of the standard of the trades unions in Ellgland and the ability of tbe leadem.. ~ llcNe1I, the father ot the tra<les ~nIon movement in the Unit­ed states, responded in :i few well-chosen words, at the reqnest of President Gom-

• per&.. The 'rest of the day was taken up with

routine business of Interest only to thc tradeS InvQlved, until Delegate Ashe, of the Mlichinists; introduced the following' resolUtion, whIch again started the orn-

. tors: . Whereas, The written cons't1tutlons of the several States constltuttng the United States. and also the Constitution of the United States. provide that the Supreme Courts of the United States and the Su­preme Courts of the severa1 States shall ex­~rclse' the right of reviewing legislation; and, '. ~

Whereas, In the exercise of the .right so . conferred, the courts of the several States,

and also the Supreme Court of the United States, bave repeatedly set as'de as null and void laws duly and formally enacted by the representatives of the people; and,

Whereas, The exercise of such· authority by the B.roresald courts vio.1at.es the 'fundlt- . menta1~ principles of a politic!!.! organ!za-­tlon 'whlch claims to be a government of the people,; by the people aDd for the people;

. and, Whereas, .No authority. contained on. pa­

per, or exercised by courtS, can be greater than the wtn of the people when formally enacted Into law: therefore.. .

Resolved That we, the delegates of the Ameriea.n 'Federation of Labor, In conven­

tion assembled, demand such amendments

THE ELECTRICAL WORKER. '.'! ,"

to the Con!'t£ttfttonot tbe .United. States, and the constitutlons"ot t1.e sevp..rah;;tates thereof,' as· will uF.opnve th~ atoresald.-£oarts of p')"Wer to set' aside -Jr...,,-!! dUly cnacteoi by thele~jly chosen reprei:entaU'/eB cf the people; as we beLeve' the proper. fU"l!itlon of courts to b"! to exp'~un(l. <lnd ailmlnlster law,'but no~ to·makelt.·

.The· resolutioD,S wt!~~ o!"de~ed 'printed and:to be taken up tor discussion; ata fu­ture date. A resolution askIng tbat the President andCoDgress,ilU~edi:ttely rec­ognize the lielligerent rights of the-:Cn· ban revolutionists was adopted. This wall another oJlPortUnityfor the oratont,-and althOligh the motion 'was finnlly adopted almostuu;fili!Dow!ly, it' showell how much noise could be :Dlnd'e by a few peo­ple in a. c<inwntion: The vote stood ij() to 9,',: .' .... .

Delt:ignte WJsemim ot tbe .. Bake~:s. iDtro­duced a resolUtion, askIng .the Board ot PardC',lIlS of, tl1e State of. Pennsyivania to parnon Alexander ~erkmun,. who was se!ltcl,lcccl to 22 years' Impl'lsonment for aSSault oll n. C. Frick, of Bo(nestead strike fl1D1c, wbicb -wasad9pted;:'

~iiitrSd3yin;')l;nillg. was taken up wIth routine husineFs, princilJlllly report of the Cominitt~on J . .abels, nnd Boycotts ..

At the a'fternQbnsessioll P .. J~ McGuire, Gencrai Secretary of the United Broth­erhood of Carpenters, !ntroduced.-the fol-lowing resolution:; "

Whereas; The history 'of the labot- move­ment .. has demonstrated that unions of la­bf)r~,. :~~i"her~_i~ tnembers pa-y. sma.ll <)1- low dues, are easily. wrl;lcked by the first ad­verse' trade CondlUool or trade dispute, and that .the. unions ·In whlcli' the members pay high' due!' alld ~ecelve benefits t.heretor, are not .only pennal:lent, ·but are Qf the·.greatest benefit and' advantage t'l the members, to the trade; ar.1 to the 'labor movemo;>nt gen­e~l\y; that 'hlgher wages and shorter hours and better ccn!lltions Of labor are the re­sult of organlza;tlon.,!lPNi the baslsot high dues; tberifoi-e~'be~'!t··,;. '

Resolved/That'we recommend' to all ioeal and ,e;je!'al "labor union!' IllfillatedwHh the American ·Feder-dlon· ··.~f. Labor that they shall cO chR.ngE!'··thelr)a.ws that. the dues of' memLers to)he un!ol). :sliall not be 1£5S than fifty cents p~r month, and as much higher as may be necessary, preferably twenty­flv;; cents pt.-·r week-; ann that laws be also adopted pr9vldlng for .the .payment ·of rlla­son able, but.at first; lo}v benefits.

Resolved, .' That the local and feder«! la­bor .urrlons affiliated :wlth the .Amerban Fed­eration of Labor be officially notitleuof this actlon";--i\nd .. a e.crtlfied :COpy .of this pream­ble a.i1d·reE·olutlons DO forw:1rded to. each af-filla te;1' union ... · . . .

Resol,/eu, . That allY- lneal 1inlo~ which shall . fall to Talse the due~ of Its mem~ers, as herein provided, wlth'.n six mon·ths from· the date of 'the notification, !,hu.ll boW£' their charters revoked. . ."

Resolved, That local un'.ans to wl:~'-'h char­ters are hereaftEr .• gran·t!'d, shall. engraft the purpose "r .the ali.ove· rt':solutlons In the la.ws· of their urganizations.

This i;e~olution ctlused considerable dis­CUFsion, dnringwuich' some valuable p"il'ts were prrmgh! out, namely, that the unions with high dueS and that paid their members.tile gl.'catest benefits were the most prosperous, aJld had p::iRsed tbl'Oli~h the h~rd times without not 9nly IO!;;.ng anv meillt~('l'S, hut :t,·tuaUy In­cl'eased thuirmelDhership. Some ill' the ·unions with high due;;;' as the'Cotton Mill ~i"-~"""; ,,,hel't! th •• due'" R,·e: 50 ceut~ 'i>~·~';"~ck. ~~e abl~' to ca~ry~their merubci:s tlu'ou;;h the dull times.by pay­in::: an Oilt~of-worJt" b"'~.1(>Ht. kecpiJ:g their union intact and - 'EluccessfuHy resisttng aU attempts i1t )·ed!!cin-g. wagO;;!s. Tbe pre· vlous questiO!dJa",jn~ beencniledA:or. the ori:::illal motiou was· adopted. by .avottl of 40 to 28.

[Janl1ary

Doring the forenoon session .Delegate· W. D. Mahon, of the Street RaUwl!y.Em~ ployes' AssociatiQn, sprang a sensation by calling for the appointment of a speclal committee of five to investigat~ certain rumors that were fu circulation; He was instructed to bring iii. -the ru­mors In writing, and that action wo~ld be taken during tbe afternoon session; On ... a vote of 1,865 to 509, the convention d~· cided to go into executive session , "to' hear the charges. At the close of the ex­ecutive session the follOwIng resolution. of Delegate Penna, of the' Miners, . was a'dopted: . ,,:.

"Resolved, Tbat we Indorse the'Presl­dcnt's pOSitIon, dismiss the charges and exonerate him from blame." .

The charges were that President Sam­uel Gompers had, during the late Cam­paign, corresponded with <itfi~~als close~ ly connected with tbe Democratic . Na­tional Committee, in regard to the fretl' coinage of 'silver, but as the A. F. of Jj. had declarcd in fayor of free coinage 'at th.ree conventions, it was beld that Preij­ident Gompers had done nothing wrong;' some of the delegates going so far as' to say he neglected to do hIs whole duty'in tbe matter. ..

At Friday morning's session Deleg:l,te Asbe's resolution agaInst the "Supreme Courts and written Constitutions was taken up,and after a lengthy discussion was lost by a vote of 21 to 42. " .

A resolution was adopted pledging tbe SUPP01"t ct the A.. F. of ;'L. to the- West··· ern Federation of Miners In theIr'strug­gle lit Leadyllle, Colo., against the 'mine owncrs. . .

Delegate Wiseman again started the orators by a resolution, preceded by sIX wbereases, for reconsidera·tionof the pre­vious action ot the A. F. of L. on the free coinage of silver. Nearly all dele· ~ates took part in tbe discussIon. '.rbe

, Committee on Resolutions offered . a:n' amendment that as the c:oiwige' of silver was not apal'Usan question when it' was adopted, but bad since been adopted by one of the political parties, the A. F. of L. should no longer favor it. This was met by..the Argument that jf ,a rioliticat party should adopt any. other prinCiples

. of the A. F. of L., tbe eight-hoor work­day, for instance, then tbe A. F. ot L. itself would have to cease to advocate it, simply' because a' political party bad incorporated it in its platform, Delegate Ym"Dell offered a strong silver substitute; Dclegate Lennon 'said, "Any industrl:).l question is essentiallyo a politit-al ques­tion," yet he did not like the substitute of Delegate Yarnell, as It would pt:ac- . tically make us indorse Ii, political party, He offered. the· following:. "ResOlved, by tbeAmerican Federation of Labor in convention assembled, Tlult we r.eatfu.m the stand taken by the Federation .in fa:~ vor of the fl'ee and unlimited 'coinag~of gold and sIlver at tbe ratio of 16 to 1, without waiting for the apPfoval .or ·Con-sent of lIny other nati.on. ,

"Resolved, That we empbatically deny that in the adoption of the principles of ft·ce coinage we in lIny, degree ·indorse any political party that may ·hfl;ve made free coinage a partisan political queti-tion." .

'l'his resolution wa.saccepted by Dele­gate Yarnell in place- of his resolUtion,' aud the ayes and nays being called, re­sulted !IS follows: For, 1,915; against, 3fl!:!.· And thus, in the fourthcon8ecu~ tive conYention, tile A. F. of L. placed

- ~.~ b:"

January J THEf~L~~;~~AL ~.r0RK:SR .. =======================~','=r=":=:c=' '. '0:,," 1r",,-~.:.~~~2::'::':.:'

Itself on 'record in favor ot free and un· limited COinage of gold and silver at the ratio of 16 to 1:

The litternoon session was . taken up with routine buslnesR, principally griev­ances .and boycotts, untll" by speCial or­

,der, election of ofilcers was called for. All the' old officers were re:elected, cx~ cepting Seeretary McCralt-h, who would

, not stan(1 for re-election on account of a 'disagreement . .he' . .had· with Pl'esiueut Gomper.s, which culminated In the ex­ecutive session' previously noted, and Delegate Morrison, a Chicago printer, Willi elected to the position of secretary. The ofilcers of the A. F. of L. for the en­suing' year are: 'Samuel Gompers, cigal'­maker, Presldent;P. J. McGuire, carpen­ter, First Vice President; James Duncan, stone. c1,ltter, Second Vice PreSident; Jas. O'Connell, machinist, Third, Vice Presi­dent; . M. ',1\1. Garland, iron ano· Rtcel worker; 'Fourth. Vice President; John B. LeIlnon, tallor, Treasurer; Frank Mor­rison, printer, Secretary.

GeQ. ,McNeil,- of Boston Federal Labor Union, .and Martin Fox, President of the' Iron Molders'· International Union, were -elected 'fraternal del~gutes to. the--Britlsh Trades Union· Congress, whIch meets In Birmingham the fil-st Monday of Septem­ber next.

For holding the next convention, Nash­ville, St. Louis, Kansas City and Salt

. Lake City were placed In nomlnatlou. Nashv1lle won without an effort. "

Saturday morning PresIdent Ryan, (If the Tin, Sheet Iron and Cornl<;!e Work­ers; was given the floor to explain the position of his orgilnizntion in regard to the dlfilculty in New York. (At the New York convention of the A. F. of L. the Tin, Sheet Iron and Cornice Workers were I~st~cted to revoke charter 102, is­sued to a union in New York which con­tained some members who had scabbed it .against the Independent Union of Tinners in New York City. The officers of the International Tinners' Union re­fused to revoke the charter, and heuce the tlnners were suspended from affilia· tl~n with the A. F. of L., and their dele· gate denied a scat in the Cincinnati con­vention.) After considerable discussion, , an ,agreement was reached by which thl.l TiD;, Sheet Iron, and Cornice Workers agreed to withdraw charter No. 102, and the other trades interested 1)romised to . ~e their Influence in getting the inde­pendent union in New York to take 8 charter from the International ~inners! Organization.

Mr. J. H. Payne, of Chicago, represent. ingan independent lluion ot boxmllker8, was, granted the floor. Thoa. I. Kirld, Secr~tary of the Wood WOI'kers' Inter. national UnIon, replIed to ~Ii'. Pu)'ne, antI after a,full discussion It was decided that the boxmakers are not enWIt'd to a sep­arate charter, nut should take a charter fro~the Wood '\Yorke~s' IutcmntiOllal Union, as they Ilre a part of that tra1ie.

The -spooi8:1 -committee on thl' eight­hour movement presented the following report:

Mr. President and Fellow Delegates; Your committee "to whom was referred ~o inuco of. the preslde!lt's Il.ddress as related to the eight-hour movement have attended to theil'­duty, and respectfully submit their report, We recommend that the executive ('ouncH render every aid In their power to defend the constitutionality of the eight-hour -movemc.nt in Utah.

WC!', therefore, submit that the recommen­'dattoDs of the president, hereinafter f'..nu-

merati&:be3.dcip't"~~bY t:,!--- ;~~t?i-:tfO,;; :;.lId that aU partlr;s the-I'?ln enU!T1ara ted, ana t:le whole COll$t1tue-n~v.',of Amerir: ... ::: ]fetler~tlvn of Labt.f; give tQ t11Ui campo;!""'1 :hi:i.,; c;eart-iest sUPJ.iort: . 'C' " ',-,

That th" f'xecuUve- officers of each nation,. al .or Int~i-nat1onal ulIlon recommend to the American Federatlqn of 'Lawr. a represen­tative ,)f Its· organization 'iIIho may r.::sido In the c;ty In wh!cll';';the h.ca.{lQuarters of the American f'ederation of:,La1:,or -may be'lo­ca.ted, tll~s~, .to. ,ij:onstituta an adVisory poem. . ,-:; .' ;

That these re~reSEllltatives hold !"2galar ,-meetings at least' once a "month, at such time and place as the officers of the Federa.­tion may provide,' and that all officers ot the Federation who . can," stould be required to attend these meetings and conduct the official dUties thereof.

That the conclusions of th~e conferences shall not be blndlngunles;;; approved by the executive counell of the Fe.kratlon.

. Tha.t the president, by aud with the con~ sent of the executive council, !'dect some­one tu assist him In the perf<'rman,~e of his duties; that is, In his corn.--s:,HH,dellce In ed­Iting tile "American Fede4'ationl"t,'· 'and to tamporarily take his place during hl3 ab­sence from h~dquartErl!. and to perform such other dutles as' may be required, In the InterleSt Qf the nll;~'eni .. nt. . . That a scrl"s .of slm'..!ltanrous mass' meet-· lOgs be held by th& wage-wo~kp.rs of tne en­{II'Il country. prefera.bly on public holidays. The dates suggestt:d are as f(,lIolVs: Feb­\'u~ry 22d (Washington's Birthday); May 1st, May 30th (Doocratlon Day); July 4th tIndepe'!dence Day); g.::premb('r 6th (Labor Val'); November :!'Ith (Thanksgiving Eve" further meetings to lie determlneu upon b; the convention of 189i. . .

The appointment. of special organIzers, as !'ecommended under another' heading of this report. .

The issuance of paniphlets, circulars, and o~her literature upon the advantages of the snorter work-day. .

To generally request all public speakers, nowspapers, and the labor press, to make the alms and purposes of the. eight-hour movement the theme of a simultaneous dis-course. .

The Issuance of circulars to the employ­·ers generally and directly, requesting the concession of the elght-hot:r work-day.

The appointment of committees by local central bodies and local trade Unions to wait upon employers with a view of secur­ing the eight-hour, work-day without ces-sation of work. ~

That the otflCl'rs of national, Intel'natlon­~l and local trade unions furnish data as to the progre~s made In. the matter of organ­i~atlon and preparation for the Inaugura­t'on of a general- movement to redUCe the hours of labor.

Tbat this (,OTlvention will recommend to all organizations that· an elTort be made to secure a reduction In the hours of labor·at a3 early R. tlm.e as pos!!lble, and particularly during .the spring, cr May 1. 1897.

With a keen sense Of the responsibility resting upon us; with a recognition of the necessity of vur action, we call' upon all workers to orgar.lZ(f In the unions of their ·rt?spectlv" 'trades. We earnestly seek the since!"" co-operat;on of all fah'-mlnded men and \".-om~n of our time. and declare opeli­ly and unequivocally our purpOSt1 to de­mand the general enforcement of the elght­hour worl.-day. May 1. 18&8" and to that end we shall bend our every elTort.

In line w!th our eight-hour movement your committee finds that sl(>('e last con­vention of this body the executive council has had prepared su'la";., d..,i.euulDents to the existing federal e1ght"hour law to meet objections raised by ,Attorne~·.s General M41-ler and Olney, that the above law, as amended, has be~n presented' to Congress, and Is at present time awaiting action by the Committee on Labor of the House of Representatives. We, therefore, recomml'nd th'l:t the executive council take snch action, Immediately after aojournment of this con­vention, as wlll provide tor a suitable com­mittee uf t\\o' members of tht> A. F. of L. ImmedIately going to the national capital to,urg" the passage of said bill as amended. through the committee !;tages and Congress.

In !<ubm!ttlng these recommendations our committee will be false to their duty should

7

they tall to cilll your attention to the Impor­tance of the questions Involved •.

The' agitation for the reduction or the hours of labor commencing at the dawn of the nineteenth century, was largely the In­spiring cause of the organizations of labor in the trade unions, and every subsequent agitation of this question ,has resulted In the eRtablishment of new unions and an In­crease In the membership and funds of the old union.

The old ten-hour movement was largely humanitarian, The eight-hour movement Is. largely economic. The trade unions are tounded upon tbe basic principle of the eight-hour philosophy. it Is a class move­ment. It Is tbe common grouml upon which the Industrial and social fOI'ces of reform meet and fraternize. It Is the universal movement of humanity. Wherever mom and women toll In congregated' industries '.and enterprises the movement for shorter hours is the slogan of their advanc?lJIent. .

Tho Instlnct.of the wage-workers, as man­Ifest in history of' the;' moventent, shows that their Instincts of protection and ad­vancement were wiser than the theories of political er,onomists. Less hours of work had proved to be the most elTectlve method of incI'easing the purchasing power of a day's wCl'k.

The philosophy' or' law of the eight-hour movernflnt cannot be too often repeated . ''1'be laborers having lost the power to 'sell the p ... :.dl:cts ·of their 'labor, have become wage-siaves, because they are compelled to lIeii their labor on time. The withholding of time from the market of labor Increases the value of each hour sold; distributes the hour of work to -those without work: In-, creases t:.e· wa~es or pur~basln~ pOWE'r of the day's .work through the natural laws that govern the distribution of wealth; !lours thus released from toll furnish the opportunity of leisure, enhance. the value ot. the nla.n educated ,through leisure: the mor­al for~es thus quickened Into new activities will thus abolil!h those vices and crimes . consequpnt upon the inequitable distribU-tion of wealth and opportunity. '

The Increase in PUl·c!w.sing power dimin­Ishes the profits of labor, thus ,gradually and scientifically bringing th .. laborer up to the jJG~'cr of a free contracting party, and fina,lly restore him, to the opportunity to sell the product of 'his' labor· and become a free m~. ~

The eight-hour philosophy. deals With men in the conditions that surround them and lifts the class of wage-workers out of wage conditions, and thus Inaugurates, through peaceful method, the new era. of manbood and nomanhood emancipated f~m econom-ic slavery.' .

The- re-port was. adopted. Delegate Lennon moved that in ordp.r to efficient­ly carry out the recommenuations of the, 'committee, n special levy of 5 cents sball be declared upon each membp.r of all a.f -filiated uuions, which levy shall be paid on or before API'U 1st, 1897. This wa~ amended to rend 2 ceQts, and an amend­ment to the amendment to read 1 cent. 'I'he 1-cent amendment was adopted by , a vote of 1,95~ to 327, and each union must pay before April 1st, 1 cent per member to the A. F. of L. to carry on the work of the eight-hour movement.

The Chair :lllnounced that during the convention, national organizations of bi­cycle workers, butchers,- and stationl\ry en~ineers hud been formed, and would affiliat!) \.-ith,Le d. F. of L.

The special committee on the Erdman Arbitra.tion Bill brought in the follow­ing report:

Your committee appointed to consider and report H. R. 268, known as the Erdman Arblt.ratlon Bill, reports as follows;

We have carefully h:amlned the bill and we find; 1st. There Is no provision In the bill empowering the Court Of. Arbitration to administer oaths or compel the attend­ance of witnesses.

2d. '''e are satisfied that the powers con­ferred by the bill WOUld, It enacted Into law, extend to all persons employed by common carriers.

8

. ::.'~:~;f:~~T~i' ·,"~;~(r~-f·~. Of:. :~-'.~i;;~.. .~:; _~i:~t~· .. ::~~:'~j(£{~ ~-THE.ELE:CTRICAL~ :WQ'R~aR.

. ~ .. - -:.-".' '-.

'" 3d. Under the fttth section cit the: bill It \Vei·~"tiobid. se.v~t~i:~~~OIUtiO~ :propos-.

III provided that individual workmen can ing chnnges 'in the::c'Q.Ii;s.~Hntion -~~~ dis-. make a contract to arbitrate any difference cUi;t;ell, but liearly all wel"~ reiected. Del"' that may arise between themselves and ~ their employers: thIS we believe would re- egfite ·KreyHng of St: Lows introdllced a suit In. the destruction ot organization resolution something similar to plank 10, among those employed In Interstate com- which ccusro such- dlsc:usstons in the 'm:~ Under the terms ot the bill an em- Cticag,~, De!lveri~Jld -New York conven­ployer can discharge a workman at any tions,but the Socialists ··were in such' a ~ -but ,the workman cannot exercise a Sll1uij minority that iveryUttle dis.::ussion correSpOnding right 'to leave employment was"· provoked.' A . lengthy l'esolution in at any Ulne. favo. 't ot the. establlsh.ment:.ota' d~part-6th. The bill repeals the existing Jaw . wb,lchprovldes tor an official investigation ment 01 labor as. a -cllbinet position was Into the causes ot trouble arising between referJ"~cl. to the~eCUtlve coun.~1l with in­common carriers and their employes;' structioDS to'formulatea' bill'lockfng to

Your committee therefore recommends. the'estilblisbmelit 'of ·a.4epartment of la-that this convention reaffirm the position " '.. taken by the fittjlenth anq:uat convention bor..... c " . '".- '.": . "" "

upon the. question. ot arbitration bills,' as . A'resolUtion dec18.ring that no' officer tollows: of th'FAinerican'Fi!deratton of ,:Labor

Whereas, Various so-Called! arbltratlon shall be 'allowed to. ·'Use.· . his official posl­blUe were Introd)lCed in the last Congress, an4,., . I . . tk\l\in the tnteresfoCany pollti<;<'ll par-.·~;/l,~b,ose ,bills ,,:were compulsory, ty w!lSadopted. Also,.a resoluoon, by :~~e toWhotht: d!cl~o!betrot t?ero::t~to~, Deltigate Plliliipil.:>f the Hatters, t~t we aDd, . . . recommend· to all'organizations affilIated

Whereas, .AJiy. law which will. comp'el men wltli the A. F. of L. that wherever.·it Is to· work within these UnIted States a-gainst . practicabl~;: they udopt the. per.centage tb8Ir.·wUl:1s subversive of the fundamental svstem of collecting dues; that IS, each priIielple!J"ppon which the Republic is found- meDiber.shall·pllY, weekly or'monthly, a ed*~, We, hold. the right to quit work certAin: alllollnt,say on~ .pp,r cept".ot his, at ~y time to be a.bsolute and lnalleoabl~: wllge~jiSdues t(f b,ls:pniou. If be earns therefOre,. . nothing •.. hepays .·no :.dues, .and conse-

Resolved, That the American Federation quently does not faUlu arrears when out ot Labm",'1n cOQventlon assembled, do most of WOI·k. This ·.sYstem "W, ,a}j'·ado. P,t. e!l ..• by ea.rDoeStly. and; emphatically protest agalnst. . ally Bo-calledarbltra.tlon· bill .whlch·would the Hatters withexeelle~t·i:esul.u; ..... It In any way.bY contract or otherwise make has also been, adopterlby a: number of It an offense unller the law to quit ~mploy- other orgaI1izlltions, nnd'all'reported'that mento at any time. or ,tor any reason deeme4 it gave better satisfaction than any'sys-sufticient'by the,·worker himself. ..' , .'

Aftd .~b ... i' ,loA ",...,,,,,,,,tlVA ~oJ1.mcn be lnstruct- tem ever ·tT.ied;.···, Reso_lltlo!lS" 'w~re ed~t;opp.,se- th;-ena.ctment ot H. R. 268 adoptecl'discouraging'the enlistnient of (known &8 the Erdman .Arbitratlon BUI) in- members., of Jabor jIllions in the 'State to Jaw by every holWr&ble means In Its mliitm,'or Dational g?ards; In fav'Or of power/ ., ...., 'the election ot-'Unfted:'States Senato'rs by

There was conSiderable discussion on direct vote of'the people: igainst the. use thelilerltsof tIle bill, and wbile not de- of. 511~tW~!!1s "Uni,teq,Stn.tes~Iail~' on sir1ng to;~:cond~mn' the bill as a' whole, str~et ·cars that were:not actually. Intend­partieuIarly as the ,Ua-ilway B!other~ ed for Cltrr.}ting mail alldprovided'with n boods-bad Indorsed it, It was deCIded to mllciLClepkln addition toinotornian ,and refer it 'to the executiv~ council, with in- coiIductol'; in faVOI" ot ,the government StructloDs to approve the bill when the ow*ers~P.of the ~~le'phone; i~dorsing objectionable f~tures' were eliminated. th~ Butler Bill on gOT'o).'nment.ownp.rship A large'amount of routine bl.lsiBes~ was oftbe,;telegraph·; 'reccmmending'. that dlsposooof' when tbe res61utioncame trade'unions"intheir respl'lCtivedties co­up on remo~ing helldquarters of the A. operii.te~ for tIle est:ibli~littlent' of labor F. of L. from Indianapolis to 'Vashing- temple',Sor buildings centl'aliy located, tOB. ~1L -Htt4e~th werkon the part· which show'dcontain meeting halls, .lec­of the delegates Interested, the word In- ture. rooms,gymnMi~ums, labor libraries, dlanapolis was "stricken from the consti- etc;; "Ullilar totli()§e Which have beell es­tutlon. This requit~d a:two-thirds vote, " tabJi!l~ed. by. bElllevolellt fraternal secie­while the Chair decided that it required ties; :that the ex:ec~tive council exercise only a majority'vote to locate the head- a stricter supervision· 'oT'er organi~crs, quarters again. The vote to strike out- particw<irly,in iss1,lin~·)lamphletS·'or ir-Indlanapolls was carrie!l'by 1,594 to 730. responsible .publicatiOns;·c ..'. Chicago and Wllshington were placed in A >'iengthy .. resolution·' by, Delegate nomination and 'Washington was' select- GB.rlimd,'" -of . the Amalgamatt:d As­ed by a vote'ot'l,705 to 487, soclation of II'on"ii:nd Steel .. Work~

Delegates to the convention bad made e~, ,: In regard to ~. tlie defective up a purse to purchase suitable presents armor, plate furnished'by the Carnegie for tbe English fraternal delegates, Co. for trnited States battleships, ' was which were presented with appropriate adopterl. with an' amendment that· the remarks by Delegate Lloyd-to Delegate· Fi:>derr~f GO't"er-iJ!J}entr:stablish plnnts for Woods· a diamond charm, and ·to Dele- . m::miif;'u'hJting its .own .il'·mo!,", sa;ne as gate ~Ialliilson a .gol4 watch. The fro!· . ·it DQ\V ·manuf:lctu1"tis·its. heavy guns. ternal delegates thanked the convention The fol.lowinl1: ·res.<"lutio·Ji . wit .. s ,a,dopt. ed, kindly for the' presents; and were very <"

much impressed with the friendly feel- after a lively dh;cil~s~on: .~' . , .".",

[Janua:tjr .

or national unions, and, the .Bam,e been­tirely discontinued."

A' great pcirtion ~f the aftE!rnoon sese .' sion was taken up wUh reports of the. Grievance' Committee .nnd the .Commit­tee on Labels and Boycotts, and a num­ber of boycotts WerE! indorsed and old

· boycotts reaffirmed .. ' This part of 'the proceeding;; was particularly interestipg. to delegates having a union label, and)t was announced tilat nil unions ~vlllg Ii label had formed an organization to be k!l0wn as the International, Label League, which would meet at the same

· time and place as the American Federa­tion of Labor, and be compoSed of del(!­gates thereto. .They asked for'an appro­priation of $1,000 to ad.vertise the differ-. ent labels. After considerable deblite

· the matter was referred to tlle executive council. .. ','

The speCial committee on immigl,"9.tlon reported as follows: '

We gave careful conslderatlon to. the 'doc­uments, correspondence and evidence .sub­mltted to us, and find we have not suffiCient time to draft a teaslble, practicablE!' bill on the regulation and restriction: Of lriun-igra:: tlon, as requested by Delegate Lown, of tbEi Journeymen Barbers' International Union. But we do recommend that· the ex~utlve council be instructed to hire a competp.nt at'; torney to do so, at the earUest pOssible mo­ment, and present. s&\d bill, when. prepa,re!1, to the United States Congrliss>, and urge its passage. . ' '

In tho meantime your committee would . respect tully recommend that House of Rep­resentatives Bill, No. 7.864. known as' the Lodge-Corliss bUJ, whlch.provides for,a.ri educational test ot Immigrants, be Indorsed by this convention, and that we calion Congress to pass this bill, and on President Cleveland .to sign the same '"

We turthennore favor the remodeling cit our lniinlgratlon laws and the Allen Con~ tract Act, and thatUl'llted States Inspec~ tors ot the"lmmJgratlo-n department be ap:;;"" pOinted at foreigJi: pOrts to see that our lav;s . regarding ImmIgration are not dlsr~ded·.

WhHe we Indorse every' elirort made In fa.­vor ot the restriction ot the' 8.Ttificlal flow ot Immigration, encouraged as if· is tOo often ~y avaricious steamship lines anli cor. poratlons desirous of overcrowding the la-," bor m.arket ot our country' With cheap for­eign workers, In order to depreciate the priCe ot labor; and while we' further ap­prove most heartUy ot every step made in. the' direction ot a stricter enforcement· ot present legal restrictive. measures, and the Alien Contract Labor Law in' particular; and while we belleve In the necessity ot amendment of our laws to secure greater efficiency in the administration ot the Immi. gratlon department. we nevertheless hold that extreme mea.sures ot restriCtion would be contrary to the spirit of our time and the welfare ot our COUI)try. And in 'doing

. so we do not Share in the old Know-nothing sentiment which uses the immlgratlpn ques­tion lUI a pretext to gloss over, !locial wrongs; Natural and wholesome Immigra­tion has been the source ot unbounded .bene. fit to our country, and our vast natural re~' - . sources are such as would eaSilY .support many Urnes 'our present pOpulation, If the greedy Interests of· speculators and monopc­lists would not consign so many willing

. workors. to Idleness: We therefor.e .,recom-. mend the followtng .additiona.l ~uallficatfuns .. as necessary tor' all Immigrants, to protect ourselves against an Invasion of, possll1ly dangel'ousand undesirable elements, . the victims ot unjust and Inhuman polltlcal',and social systems ot Europe and elsewhere:

1. Stricter enforcement of thE> present. measures to -guard. against criminal and· pauper elements, ihrough a greater e~c[e~. cy' of our torelgn' consulor service and lmml" gratlon ·department. .

Ing shown them since their arrival In "Where.'ll!, Numerou'l ad'vertislng sou­America. PI'esidentGompers announced venit· books hnvc' frow·time to tli:I\c been that the English delegates would leave issued,. aUll alieged to be published in -Saturday evening, find appointed a ape': the interest oi organized labor; and,' cial committee, conSisting of Dele~ates . "'Vhereas. A vast number of sucll ad· Duncan, KeUy,· Rist, Fitzgerald and T'erti::;inn-s-:!iIcmes are'fnkesoi,the'worst Lloyd, to escort them to the train. kind. nhd'::' ':'ilespecles of:blackinail;' . Saturday night and Sunday a few of thcrefQr~. 'be it." . . . . ..

2, Punishment for violation of the Allen. Contract Labor Law by ,.imprisonment,. as the wealthy violators ot this> law can easi\>· afford to pay the price of detection... . the delegates left for their homes, and "Resolved, That the AmerICan }I'edern­

when the convention was called to order tionof Labol" ·declare against the Issue Monday morning, a Dumber of absentees of all aouveuirbooka by afiiltatedjocal

3. Steamship companies to ~ held' res~(>n- , sible for a tenn ot years for the 'character and nature ot tbelr passengers.

,

I, !

I

jantlaryJ

4. . Strlcte"r civil and educational qualifica-tions· f&r naturalization. .

. 6. Every Immigrant landing on our shores shall declare his or her intention to be­come a. citizen of the United States Within one'yeli.r'after arrival. We recommend that a copy of these resolutions be sent to ea.ch representative In the United States Con­gress and Senate;

This resolution again started the ora­tors of' the' convention, and nearly all delegates. t~ ,part in the discussion tlmt followed. Delegate O'Sullivan of Bos­ton 'produced a facsimile of a petition presented to the Engllsh Parliament ill 1677, asking for restriction of immigra­tion,showing that when there were less than'l,OOO,OOO people within the prel>ent limits .of the United Stateli', they were crying' for restriction the same as some of our. (anatics of the present day, who think. if' we stop immigration, all social problems would be solved and we would have peace and prosperity. The follow­Ing are some of the remarks mnde in Ilis­cussIng the report: "It is a condition. not a th.eory." . "The evils of the pa'drone Byst.em, which was furnishing. immi-· grants .to take the places of men on strike, must be stopped." "Compulsory citizenship would be perjury." .. It' was not the pauper who alarmed him, but rather the men who drew the life blood

. olltof·tile nation. Such a law would he ~n t~ustice to the political refugee." It IB not a labor measure, and caDle

from the capitalists." "A limit ,must be" set. It all are allowed to come to these shores to compete, where will we be?" "Men of wealth are more of a detriment than the immigrant. Unjust legislation was at thebottoin of· the dif­ficulty." "Thomas Payne, a for­eigner, was the first to declare for American . independence," "We have foUr millions of unemployed. Why add to the number?" "We allow the wealthy to come in freely and rob our country." "Toe first scabbing done in Pennsylvania was by natives. Not one foreign·born scab was now at Leadville; all were natives, and a ·desplcable set."

.The co~vention was pretty evenly di­Vided on the Question, but a motion wus adopted to refer the matter to the execu­tive council with ·instl'Uctions to investi­gate -aDd report to our affiliated union>; within.six months, and that our affiliat­ed unions be requested to. instruct theIr delegates to the next convention.

The conv(>ntion reassembled nt 7:30 wit~ a determination to wind up thf! busme'9s of the convention, if it was nec­essary to remain in session all ni"ht. A great deal of routine business' ;ils dis­posed of, principally relating to gl'iev­ances, and boycotts. The following reso­lution was adopted:

Whereas, The inftuences of corporations holding or seeking to obtain pORsession of pubU.::franchlses are pne of the most potent Infiuences antagonistic to reformative meas­ure:!, and the·mest a.::tive cause of cul"l'Up­tion In politics and of misman·agement and extravagance m public administration' therefore, be It '

Resolved, That the sixteenth annual con­venUo;n of the American Federation of La. oor urges upon all the members of affiliat­ed bodies that they use every possible effort to as'3lst 'In the substitution in all public utlllties-·munlclpal,· State and natlonlll­that are In the nature of monopolies, pub-' IIc ownership for corporate and private con- . trot

As a substitute for a lengthy resoIu­tion,the following was adopted:

,Resolutlons of &ny character, or propo­SitiOns for I:'hanges In this constitution in­tended for conSideration by the convention,

THE ELECTRicAL WORKER.

st.all be sent to the Secretary Qf th~ .Amerl­can FedP.'ra·tlot! o.fLa,pol' a.t le~t .tV;1;' w.e'!!<& previous tcVthe'd",tu·.otrthe coriventi,)I~.' 'r'ILa' secretary' l.'ila:l have the seme ''''>mpH,,£1 :..no:l printedi:: the progr.unme of··business and mailed tQ ~a.ch delegate-elect and to the "x­ecutive ailloor e)f. ear:lh a1ll11ated ur~m.niza­tion, and no resolution or constitutional pr,,­vision shall be conslaered unless print.ed In th'e programme, without II. two-third vote of the convention. .

Ahlo an amendment to the constitution to ke~p out labol· skates from future con­ventions. A resolution directing the ex­ecutive coun<'il to prepare and pl'es~ut an engrossed set or' j:cilolUtionl> to the retir­ing secrctary, August McCraith, wus unanimously adopted.

During the convention the delegate from the Electrical Workers introduced a number ot resolutions. TllOse of II. gen­eral nature are giv~n in the precelling repoI't. The following l'elate especially to' the Electi'ical Workers: .

"Vhereas, trbe number of- women em­ployed In electrical manufacturing estab­Ilshments and In the operation of electrical aVl'aratus Is constantly··lncreuslng, and un­til tney are organized the tendency of wages .\\'111 be as it has been In the past, down­ward, forcing their brotbl:r workel's to work for less wages or swell the great army of unemployed; therefore, be It

Rellolved, by the A. F_ of L., in conveflt,ou assembled, '.t'hat· thE: E:xecutlve council De and Is hereby dlrect~d to make speCial ef­fort to organize the female electrical work­er:s in the factories at Lynn, Schenectauy, Pittsburg and other electrical centers. . Resolved, That female organ1Zers be em­ployed for this work and pli-Id out of the funds of the A. F. of :r.., to an amount not to exceed ~UO.IlO.

Adopted. The National Brotherhood of Electrical

Workers ask the as~lstance of all organ­Izers of the A. F. of L. In organlzmg Unions of electrical workers. and will pay said or­ganizers $15.00 for each union· organized with fifteen or more lilembers, and request the. special co-operation and assistance of the executive' council In organizing Pitts_ burg, Schenectady and Lynn.

Atlopted. . Whereas, The National Brotherhood ot Electrical Workers has always claimed jur­Isdiction as a mech:rnical trade' over men doing electrical wlrlilg and instaUlng' elec­trical apparatus in theatres as one of the recognized branches of their trade; and,

\Vhereas, the National Alliance of The­atrical Stage Eml!loyes has been encroach­Ing on this jurlsUiction tJy doing work both In the theaters and out of them that prop.. erly belongs to electrical workers, Without regard to their wage scale, hours of work, . or trade' rules; therefore, be It

ReSOlved, That'the American' Federation of Labor recognize' the tra"de jurisclictlon of the Electrical "Yorkers, and so l!o~lfy the National Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employes. .

Adopted. ConT~ntion adjourlled at 10 p. m. to

meet in Nashville December 13, 1897. . J. T. KELLY, Delegate.

TH"; IIELPIXG HAXD EXTENDED.

Trade Vnions believe in dOing good ,.Lent;;\·cr and .wh;:re.t:{· an opportunity for action presents Itself. They have the heart, the brains and the coW'age to face condit!onsas thcy find them, :md to manfully battle to overcome all obsta­cles, none of which uretoo appalling or too large to cause dismny in the heart of the h'ue Trades Unionist, wbo reali~cs the good work that has beeu done in the past and the possihilities they hold out· for the future, while the avera::e reform­er (who' usually wants to reform every­body but himself) confines his efforts to l'(>soluting and tall,ing of .the beauties ot a rosy tutw·e.-Cigarmakers' Journal.

9

ILLOGICAL CERTAIxTy.

An employer who says he will pay his help only what he pl~ases, because he "won't be dictated to by a. labor union," is illogical, to say the least. Why don't he refuse to insure his property because he "won't be dictated to" by lire insur­ance companies? Why don't he carry his 'products to customers on a wheel­barrow, because he "won't be dictated to" by railroad corporat1ons-or go to Hailes because he "won't be dictated to" by a church organIzation as to the price of II. pew? The truth is, that a. man who uses the "won't-be-dictated-to" excuse to pay low wages Is a. craven coward when imposed on by men wealthier than llimsclf, and he pl'oves his. cowardice by trying to get even by abusing those who al'e poorer than he.'--"Seattle Labor Ga­zette.

The total number of passengers car­ried on the entire system of tile B. & O. H. R. for the fiscal year ending June 30, :).~96, was 8,567;194, an increase of 359,-586 over the corresponding period for 189;;.

The total number of passengers car­ried one mile was 299,616,03U, an in­crease of 11,790,117 miles.

The Main Stem showed an increase in thc number of passengcl'S of 312,3.10. 'The Philadelphia. DiviSion an increase of 118,043. The Trans-Ohio Division au increase of 135,018. The Pittsburg Divl-. sion showed a decrease of 102,754.

PATEXT RECORD.

The following recent electr!cal patents are reported by LOllgan; Higdon & Htg­don, pa.tent lawyers, second fioor Odd b'ellows' Building, St. Louis, II.nd.48 Pa­cific Building, Washington, p. C.:

No. 565,627. Telephone exchangesys­tem, Albert F. W .. Meyer, Blue Ialand, Ill. In a telephone exchange system, the combination with the switchboard, the contact plugs thereof and the wires con­necting the subscribers' lines with said plugs, of conducting leversbearillg t.,.. wards their free ends on said wire!! to bold them separate and tsut, and form­ing electrical connectioIls between said lines and -connect-iug wires.

No. 565,6G2, Electric swItch, C. Bach, Jr., Milwaukee, Wi!!. A knife-switch, compriSing a plurality of blades united by a non-conductive bar, n. bracket ex­tending renrwai'd from the bar, a handle in· pivotal connection with the bracket, and another bracket on said bar, at a l'ight angle to the one aforesaid, provid­ed with a longitudinal slot engaged by the handle.

No. 565,138.' DistribUtion and regula­tion of power, Horace B. Gale, San Fran­cisco, Cal. The combination of a prime mover; its working load; a dynamo-elec­tric machine operatively connected there­with; a system of independently ener­gized electrical conductors in circuit with the said dynamo-electric machine where· by it is permitted to act intercha~ .. eably either as a gene~'ato: driven by theOprime mover, and dehvel'mg electrical energy to the system, or as an auxiliary motor deriving electrical ebergy from the sys­tem, substantially as described· an in­tegrating-meter adapted to rec~rd the lluantity of energy transferred to and il'om the said dynamo-electric machine· and means of shifting the connections ot the integrating apparatus when the di­rection of the transfer of energy changes.

10 THB EL~Cl'RIC~,\~O~R. {janua.ry ===========================

OFmcLu.,JODJUlAL ,07 :rUB

NATIONAL, BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS.

.. I'tJBLISHED MONTHLY.

J. T. KELLY, Publisher and Editor, 90 .. Olive Street, St. ,Louis, Mo.

• a"TeIiED' AT ... ..-1. ~O.TO,,"'.CI: AT .. ·.T: LOUI •• MO ••• a

c,o,~ ,~,~~IVE' BOARD._ U.W.SgitMAN, GRAND paESWENT,

1 Biaan J'lace, Rochester, N. Y. }. :r. K.EU,Y, Ga.um SBcIl.ETAIlY. " -_904 Olive Street. St.Louis. Mo.

JOHN .. MSSRRICH, G .... ND TII.EA.';IDII.ER, l8Z1 N;,Twtntv-aec:ond St., St. LoUIS, Mo.

, '-, ,- F. J. ROTH.--" , lOfl.!'atnUel S~~t, Atchison, ltas.

.. J. H. MALONEY, ' Care Western 'Union Tel. Co .. x.Bredo, TeL

P. H. WISSINGER, '741 W. Fayette Street, Baltimore, Md.

- &COI.Vl:!O, 258 I.inc:om Street, ,Allston, ',Mass.

-A. F. IRWIN. ~ZS~cary-Strcd, San,Francisco, Cal.

au •• cRlnIO". " .00 PER YEA" IN' ADVANCE._

As Tu-ELJ<C:TJUCAL WOII.K.EII. reliches the men 'w-ho do the-work and recommend or order the material, it. value-as an advcrtisiilg medium can be: readily appreciated. - ". -- ':--

'S~~LOilis.Mo..Jaiuialy.' 1897. W. N. GA'!'ES, - -' SPECIAL',ADVEII.TlSlNG AGENT,

29 E'!J,!id ~venlle, ~I.EYELAND, DlUo.,

A Happy New Year.

Let WI make 1891 a blll1Jler year for the Bl'othel'hoog.

------The'lIIstconvention of the A. ,F. ot L.

was the largest ever held by, that body: , Had there not been a -premature explo­

t:!on, thc election of officel's may have re­sulted differently. We doubt tbe wisdom of removing hoodqulU'ters to Washil.lg­ton, and-, fear that a. tew conventions hence't:hCre will be as strong a sentiment in fa.or -of removing them from Wash­lngton-~as there was in the Denver cun­vention'in favor of removing from New Yorl!.,,< -

August McCraith was tbe ,first. sacre­tfl,ry~be A. F. of L. ever had-there have bcen clerks,in tile-ottic£: of the president, but never 11.- secretary. 'His successor, Frank Morrison, will have to work early and late to fill the' vacancy left by big, honest Gus l\:[cCraith. '

The brilliant corerie of Socialists has dwindled down to l~,enna. and TQbin. and ev.en theY se€iU to have CODle to the con~ clusion that trade unionism, pure and simple, is better than all the "isms" ill the world.

In looking ,over the proceedings of sev­,era! cODvelltwllSof the A. F. of L.,· we

find 'quite it C~!igt: ill ~tiie uinonS repre­s~nted -nnd -bi tbe ntlmber ot:'members in- euch organizutlon'at-_suf!cessiye con: ventiuns. 1n ageneiar'way;-U_)llay be' statedtlmt orglllllzutiu.'ilij" willi high dues and paying their mem bers sick :aud out­of-work ~nctits, llaye ,beEin abl~'to 'bold, their oWn, It_;not -actunlJ.yiIi~,eas~g in membei'ship, dW'ing tbt! -hal'd'"times, whlw unions ol'gauized -.on the, :'f!lleap J-ohn"- plan have' eitht:l-'_been -wiped out of- 'existence or have- Ih-ed a. -lingering death. "The ,cigarwaker.il -ha'Ve ,Diade sub­stantilll gains in membership during the past "three years., --'J:he-yearly' dues -and assessments -, :11I11d by the ,:memoors amount to about $J.4.oo or lii15.oo. Had

, tlds organizatloIi'been'run on th~ "cheap Johu'f order,"of, '$3.0\1 to '$ti.UOper, year uues,.it'would probably hayc been wiped out 'of -existen.!e -dUl'ing the last three yt>.ars"ofdepresaiop;'-; , , '

The Iron IUld St~lWotkers, the Inter­nut;ioriaJ Typogl"dl}hic-.1.l _Union, thc_ Jron Moli:l~rs' Union, tbeGranite t."utt~rs, t,he Uarpen,t-ers" ~ndotlier organizations with highd~sand,be'n.mts, Wlve ,all with­stoodtile wa.vt:QI. ~epl"ession,and are in poSltloll,t~ take iwmedlateadvantagc of the JirS,t return 'Qf Prosperity to sUll fur­the~ .. extend thelro~ganizaticns; while

FROM OUR UNIONS,. ST. LOUIS NOTES.

The Kinloch Tel Co., which was,t~ cenUy organlz!!d with a capital, of ~1,-500,000, has started iu business in earn­est by opening maguificent ottices iIi tbe. Wainwl'ight Building. - l!'ourteell clerks anu .. draftsmen are employed, and a,tor~ • ot fiftY canvassers are out, soliciting .: patronage. l.'he new company will put IU telephones,a.t the followtnl.fruteS: Res-. ldences, $a6.v"; physiciaus, liii>U.oo; busi~ ness houses, $60.00. As tbis, is" ouly about half the rate the Bell Co. 1$ charg­iug, 'the llew company should not have much trouble ill 'getting a large numb~ ot subscribers. - ' ,,-

The comvany will establish a cel1trai exchange, probably using the tOp iloor of the Uentury Building, and expect to connect 6,OOU phones with this excbilnge tlirect. As soon as business increusl's; brunch excWlnges will be established in ,: the nOl·tllwest and southwest sections of the city. Accordlllg to the COlltrac:t which the company is using, a subscrib­er will not have to ,pay anything ulltil tbe company has 4'-000' telephones h:. op~ el'ation. '

The company will use a. ,long-distlllJce phone, and will put in a thoroughly mod­erll plant, and' by' manufacturing all ita own appamtus, ,villhave quite an ad­vantage over the locai Bell, which Pl\Ys a royalty of $12.00 pel' year on e:lch in­su'umeut USed.

, the,llii;ienumb~ o~~l'ganizatiuns l'UU 011 a cheaper 'scale Will spend' probably 'thp enttre:period'ot a;business revival in re­gailiiilii.'lost' _grolii)q;"';and 'unlfiss 'thcy change 'their sYllte~~pttiuance,wll1lose during another pel'1ottofdepression what they had gained, an.d thuS, .. by mu~ng no progress, the members will become- dis­gusted, and sevc.a!more dlsol'ganizcd trades will be~erel$ult. " "

The new company expect to close IX deal with the Western Union by 'whicli that compauy, will connect them wlth­

~'Electl'1city," which has been fighting other cities. The secretul'y of the new the-:el~trical trust for liCYeral years, now company states that in <anticipation of .

'joiJislu.,thecry ra:lsedby,thetr.ust 01'- the expiration o~ the conU'act between ' gana. against municipal ownerSlllp of the Western Union and the Bell Tel. Co;; eledrtclightlng pllints, andsilysDO city tlle Westerll Union has been puttiug hi cap s,uccessfully. light its own - streets. copper wh'e tor several years, and could­Why.not go a step furtherand~Y no establish long-distance connections with­city can' s.u(''CeSsCully iJ1)erate",atch,orks out much delay or expense.

.,".'

or mailltllin public scllools, hospitals, or The r~ding:l'oom of Union No. I, at other institntioD.s·t 'We-wQul~ not be,sur- 21S North Eighth street, Is well patt'oll­priscd to heur "Electricity" anll its con- ized this winter, :is a large number of " teIUpOt:ari~ ac;1vocate. shortly thllt the members are out of work.' go\'tWD~t-sbeu-ld -discontinue.oiJerating At tbe -semi-annual {llectiea of --o1llcers,­our ~postal' system and turn it OTer to held December 2Uth, tne following olfi-a syndicate, preferably .of, foreign capi-' cers were elected for the ensuing term: talists. Presldent,M. L. Durkin; Vice P!'esident,

"Electricity" 'quotes Mr. Franci~co of N. J. Roth; Recording Secretary, .1;ohn Rutlatid, Vt. If Verwollt has ever pro- Hissel'ich; Financial Secretal'y, J. ", p. ducedanythlng outside of maple, sugar Casey. ' and-narrow-mlnded idea:;, we have tuiled No. 1 starts in the new year under to heal' it mentioned,. and can scarcely more fa.vorable auspices than It has eyer blame Mr. Francisco for ,his li'lllall Ideas. 'started a new year since it was organ­Vermont, New Hampshire and l\1ain~ ized. Its membership at present is cot­have Mver' furnisbeda liberal or pro- at the highest m,ark, owing to the lurge' gresslve Idea, and to-day in these tlFee number who are out of work, or who States wages are as lolV as the oHmell- have been forced to le:lve the- city in tioned pauper la!Jor of Europe, and they search of work. The trustees~ r.eport 'for, have -ful'wshP.d nearly, all'- the scabs thl:: the quarter ending December 31st shows Otb~l', New England ',andC<mtr21 States ,that the number of members in good

, WlYe had to contend wlth._ The immigra- ,- standing call yet be counted, in tbl'f:e'­tiOll bills at 'present before Congress, if figures, and as there is 'perfect harmony' they would include the inhabitants of in the Union and all membe.rs working Vel·wont. New_ Hampsbire and Mat"nc to advance its interests, 'it rt,>quh'es onI.v­among those to be excluded, ',could be a slight return of promised prosperity to' he:lrtily indorsed. We coUld thus hop(' give No.1 such a boom as it never bad to get rid of Mr.',Fl'llncisco' and rruin,:of before. No.1 will make n. record ,dur­

.his caliber, who pa;yruen ill theIr pi:lllts ing -1897. There tvm be plenty of wovk wagp.s that would malie a cooly-,turn in 'St. Louis, and with a- hustling bus!­back in disgust witli~ American ws:ges. ness agent" backed by over 100- hustlin~

members to start with, we ndvlse any Bay City, Mich.~A' $15,OOO'electric Union that expects to be within hailing

light -plant will be established tOr', light- ' distance of No. 1 to put its best, foot for-ing the city p$i1c buildings. ward •.

J~uary]

Frank Kroener, a young lineman in the employ ot the Commercial Tel. Co., was killed on January 2d by coming In con­tact with a liye wire, in the alley near Nineteenth , and Market streets. He was working on a forty-foot pol!!, and as his bands came In coutaet with a live wire, he gave a sudden scream and fell back­wards~ alighting on his head, fracturing 111s' skull. He was not a member of Union.No.: 1,altJiuugb stow l'eCeDt obaU he expreSsed a desire to join, and, It is said, offered his application to one of our members.

There is 'absolutelY,' no work going on in 8t. Louis at present, but prospects arc good" fol' the spring and sUlllpler. We state this' for the benefit of out traveling members. If they are, out of work and come here, they can help entertain the several hundred who are already her£.' and out of work, but to get a job is abso­lutely out of the question, and as for making a "touch," an electrical worker tilat strikes ~he "push" at :.nlS North l1;ighth Su·eet (our nading-room) and gets a chew of tobllt.'CO is in luck.

.JOHN mSSERICH, Press SecretarY.

THE Oi.DSTORY. A little news for, our 'Vorker as soon

as you Can put it in.' When I came to Green Bay 1 wits broke and wanted to stop at a small hotel. I asked the pro­prietor, and'he,said yes. But when I saw !Jim look toward my button, he said, ··That is the Electrical Workers' Union button, is it noO" 1 answered yes, and he said, ··My friend, I cannot keep you. I kept one electrical worker, whose name is o. 'H. Budd, and he left me In the soup for seyeral weeks' board, so you see I aw afraid. of you fellows, and you will have to look fOl~ 'ditIerent quarters." But I soon had frleuW! who gual'8nteed my bill and I' was O. K. Now that man Budd eialms to be a member of No. U. Let No. 9 see to him if he eyer gets to Chicago again. '1"his Is none of our busi­ness, but you see 1 came pretty near get­ting it in the ueCk; 80 such deals are llot very nice from anyone claiming to be a member, and Keelyn and Smith got a hard name from, this man also~ as ,they

, <:mployeU. 111m 'here for several week~ when he jumped his board bill as though tbey had not paid bim, which we all know they did, and nODe but Union men work for Keelyn & Smith, and such a Union man ought to be thrown out of any Local Union or National also.

. GEO. POEHLMAN of NO.2. Green Bay, Wis..

UNION NO.9, CmCAGO, ILL. Well, the ball is over, and I will en­

deavor to let the brothers know how it aJI happened. On the evening of De­cember 12, as I st:1ted in my last letter, 'Nil held our anuuulLall at Trades Union Hall, 146 West .Madi:son street, and to lillY that everyootly beartily enjoyed r.henlselves . Is pntting it mildly. Bro. Duraul and wife led the grand march, assisted by Bro. Burns. It was a grand affair. The boys put their best foot for­ward and the ladies took great pains not to step on them, although it was very try­~ng at times: You know how it Is when )'Ou try to put a No. 10 foot in a -. Well, you know what size razor toe shoe ~'ould fit It, and how far forward it would project. But It you saw the

"iants who wore too'm you would not think they were too large for that size mell. Why we have oiember~ I!ere who ca.n stand ('ll the ground amI tie a wIre on II. cross-arm 'thh1:Y:'feet aJji';_Yc ground, How about that, Bro. Jacl::son:i .

Well, e,;,~I.iHif;d.y;w~~ pi~s~, ~·}"..lithc;' dance and aU lIud u goed time. The mar­ried wen brought tb.eir wives and the sIngle men their best girls. b that not a fact, Bro. Lee'? 'WhlIe we did not make over $1,000 clear, we did not lose any­thing linanclally, and owing to the hal'd times we were satisfied to come out eyen, but we are a little ahe-ad, however. The boys all behaved like gentlemen, which they are aU 'capable of doIng; DO quarrel­ing 01' lighting to W)ll·the, l(~easures ot· tlle evening. '-,', )

Bro. Dan Wayne served the lunch, und owing to his good judgw<:nt In selecting eatubles, he now hUs some fancy offers as chief caterer at the I'ulmer House, the AuditorIum, etc. The uoys pal'took of the lunch as it ,they were at a tl'ee lunch counter. I do not mean they did not pay for It, as you aU know that u lineman's lIJQney is as free :loS the muddy wntCl'S ot tile Chicago drinking fountains. They are 0. class, who never want something for nothing.

About two-thirds of tbe linemen in Chi­cago are still idle with DO pro~pcct for any work soon. It looks yery discourag­ing illdeed for the winter. Nothing in sIght but the gold sfandard and smna­tlon. They work hand in hund. It seems too bad the Press Secl·etaries

ot all Unions do not write a few lines each month to our jOllrnal. It is to be hoped that the officers who, will be elect­ed will contrIbute somethIng. I do not consider it right for a uroth~r to accept the office of Pres~ Secretary and sit down for six months and never be heard from. No. 61 for instauce has not had an article in the journal since June, and there are others. 'Wake up, brothers; let us hear from' you ..• 1n the December jOUl'nlll, out of 79 Unions em'oIled, only 21 repl'esented. Just think; 58 not rep­resented. \Vith 21 Unions represented, our journal contained fifteen pages; with 79 represented, same proportion, our janrnal wotlUl conta1n 45 pages_ Would that ll(,t mllke 0. nice joul'nal? Don't you think It would, encourage advertising and make our journal one of the best paying journals In the country: As a brotller said. there is no Press !Secretary but is <:.-ompetent to write something in regard to his Uuion. The letter from No. 71 at Galveston should be carefully read by all members (If the Brotherhood and they should be on the watch for those men, and treat them, as you would a rattlcsnake, should you come in contact with them, especially if you have a good club at hand, for such men are a dis­grace not only to themselves, but to all Guion men, for they wili get in their dirty wo.rk llIlder the .cloak -of unionism. Such dirty rotten rats as they should not exist in any country_ They should be handled without gloves ~,nd their heads used for punching bags until they are -softer than the one used by Fitzsimmons befol·e meeting Sharkey, We al'e glud to see new Unions spriuging up in the northwest anll middle !;uuth. Success to you, brothers. Hopiug you may prosper under the gold standard, four years hence we hope to have a double standard of both gold and silver. .

11

As thIs will be my last letter, I wish you alIa merry Christmas and a happy Ne' .... Year. My"successor will tell you all about the Windy City bereafter, Ilnd 1 hope we will hear from all newly elected Press Secretaries for the next six months,' and tliat they will not take such a long slP.'ep as some of the last PI·ess Secretn.ries They surely feel drowsy at waking from such a long nap., ,

At ow· semiannual election the follow­iug officers were selected': President, A. ,{i'. :::!wder; vice pI'esident, G. W. Dou­brasky; recording,secret:l1~Y, L. Christen­sou; nnanclal secretary, A. Mcb'arlanei' Pl'CSS Secret:1ry, C. D. Hatt.

. A. M'FARLANE, Uetiring Press Secretary.

WHI DO 'l'HE' HARD TIMES bON­TINUE?

The holidays are here and so are we, but how many of' us are prepared for thew at .. l able to enjoy and ma~e others enjoy their (.'Oming, and are otherwise conh~nded with our stilt ion In life. \Vith uur. very existence threatened ,although we al'e wlllillg to labor for it, we are hampel'cd in such a manner that SODle men at leust rue the day that they were born, and ill these Unltc-d States, with a Certile 11(>' and climn te to suit all kinds of ditrel'en product~,. we find want and misery 011 \. \'ery hund. Stop and think what hall caused tbis. Every man in our line oC business ought to have brains enough to ligure'it out. ' We must have brains enough to figure out more difficult prublems thun tllllt ill ollr profession In, order to obtain a position. 'Why not stop fOl· 11 wnile and figure ,what it Is tbat takes from you your very existence. when by the In,wsof uature you have a natural right to an existence, lIfe, liberty and pursuit of happiness. It seems to me thllt as soon us some of our,laborerll don the Jabor yoke and are fairly com­pensated fer same, they forget, entirely about the rest of the tolling masses and seem in some cases to turu state's evi­dence against their fellow-men.' That is downrigJit' selfishness anti ignorance. While the fundamental prinCiples of labor unions are not to' create disorders and strikes with, .corporations, It is -not necessary for one of Ollr craft to down the rest when he happens to be placed in a posItion of trust witb the same.

Ignorance of the political and laoor questions Is what hampers us as well as other labor bodies from obtaining u. full share of our earnlDgs. The reason we don't rise to a,higher plain in 11fe is Ig­nora'nce to a certain degree, of the above named questions. The pal't of the polit­ical question that is mostly overlooked is the indirect laxation. The part of the labor question is selfishness. These are the things that should be studied. They arc simple enough Ilnd cun be figured out with no trouble If looked at without prejudice. . '

Tbp. Republican prosperity advance agent Is now in om· City, 'Vm. j)!cKinley. But he left the prosperity with Mark Hanna, personally, I glless, as he did not bring it with him_ I would like to ask some of our gold standal-<i brothers how they like it or what they have,to offer. Don't say to we wait, he has nothild a chance and you are living uuder Grover Cleveland. The money sharks said J>e­fore eledion, "just show us through your ballot thnt you will maintain the gold standard, and we will open up In

I'

.. .;.;

12 'tHE 'liLEC'tRIs~t 'WQRKER. ======================== such a shape that you will be surprised." 1 guess you arc; if you al"e not, you ought to be.

I see some fine articles on politics in the Worker from Bro. W. H. Keliy of Buffalo, N. Y. Keep it up; you are O. K. We will make some ot these gold stand­ard soup-house people have information ot ,the -st~1ach beto.re Mark Banna'~ time is out. We wUl Jilllnage to live some way while tbey are eating pie.

Now in the dull times the Press Secre­taries of ali' the dUfe.rent Locals should say a few words. Everybody likes to hear trom all the different Locals. If you only say "Hello," San AntOniO, Tex., you sbould take enough '-interest fOl· tbat.

c. D. BATT. . 'Chicago, IlL

--..,.,.,..--:---UNiON NO. '10 INDiANAPOLIS- IND.

-' ,; ..... ! .. ' :.., ..'.

I will once more let the brotbers know of No. 10's. existence. Weare baving a hard time of it In Indianapolis, but are living· on tbe prospects of the flUure.

Th.ere is very little work going on here and very little ill sigbt. Work on the DeW Stevenson tweh-e-story building is progressing rapidly and wilt probably be

. tinished in a tew weeks.. The .Ii'ire Department has' added a ne,v

engine-house in N. Indianapolis, tbe ma­terial being furnished by tbe Co-opera­tive Electric. Company. A great many of the boys of Na. Iu are .in arrears, a; number of whom we would like to see !Jqmll"e up; !!S t~€'y a!"e- working; but seem to bave forgQtten' the Brotqerbood.

BroS. -Stillwell and Neal have for some reason lost their mustache~, We cannot acc;:o~t for. this, as we know they owe no})ody in _the elty.

Well, I· will open tbe circuit once more, wtshilig all·the boys a happy New Year.

E.,T. BUSELLE, ·Press Secretary.

UNION NO. 17; DETROIT, MICH. OursemiannUlll election was beld last

. meeting;' and good men were elected to succeed tbose wbo bad faitbfully done their'duty during the past term. Tbe following is a llst of new o1ficers: W. J. DODOV8n, president; Da\'id Conine. vice president; GeO. H. Brown, recording secretary; Phil F. Andricb, financial secretary; Dan' E:Ellsworth, treasurer; H. M. Conine, "foreman; Fred S. Donner, Ins_; Geo. H. Beamer, Press secretary; Cbas. Lapwortb, 'Geo_ H. Beamer, Chas. Eastland, truStees; T. Forbes, Wm.Dono­van, E. L. Haws, Trades Council dele­gates. Tbis 1s a list of good Union men and true, and tbey a.re men who never miss a meeting, which is a very desirable tbing, and one wbicb a Union needs to make tbings move smootbly. Tbe last o1ficers were very good in tbis respect and they bave our bearty tbanks.

I am sorry tbis letter lias to be sent to St. Lowii'\}efore oUr 1::111 takes place, for I would like .. to have reported tbe pro­ceedings in tbis month's journal.

Tbe letters in the last Journal from C. D. Batt and A. l\IcF. of No.9, and tbe one fl·om W.· H. I{elly of No. 45, were certainly red-hot numbers, and were bighly appreciated by tbe most of us, tbat is, we 1~ to 1 men.'

Bro. Pod Sheeban bas declared a' boy­cott on the 'Vonderland )Iuseum of this city, as be says tbey 'are unfaiol· people; all rigbt, brotber •.

We initiated two new members last . meeting and have several more ~Plllica-

ticn'!!; it we.'ke~p on we will have tbis towu tt;;~'uugbly Ulllonizt:d atter awbile; then we wll~ be on top of tile he).1p. So come. into our grand cl'gan!ziltioll boys,

. aud be' gl. .. )t1, IOYIl!. lllewbt>l'!!O;: .1t, willing tl)' .,udi.n.:i! :the hardsM..,'s,'.'enjoy the pl'iv­ileges and partaken! the glory ot tbe hOUl· of'ourtriumph whell it cQjlles.

We m'e happy to hC!lr of: the new Unions heing (oruwd all ()n~r the coun­try among the electl'ical workC'.rs, and we silould all gi\"e our best thanks to our Grand Secretary,. J' •. T.KellY •. and tbe' . other pionee,i's of. the Brothe.l;llOc..d, who started the mo~ement; tqe aoo.rn they plunted b:lS become a towering oak, and is doiIiga Doble, work 'in our 'calling, and when thebiiitori:in of our eraft shall write of the rise'of the N. B. l!"1 •. W., we ~n all" .b~ 'proud Cif havl11gbe(!nmem­\.Jers ·of it;' uLidli~ Vlug' 'Ci;elitcdprosperity nnd happiness for Cll~h otper, wbicb sbould be the ambition of every true U nion heurt~" ..'

B!'others, tbe Old :fear has passed and it new' ycar starte.d. aud I(;t us all re­solve to nlllkc'lb1)1. the ballner ye:lr for tht! Brotherhoo,d·.by getting aU thl!. good mill.i illto the milks. . Of (;OUfse: we some­times run across':i measlY' "bird of ill olUen·' who' swears he wen't' join the Uuion, anll says\ve can't make hiIil, and .L suy Uuiou' meli are justitied In combat­ing that kind of·a. Ul:m with CV\::l'y means in :tbeh· power, for whik! w.: "Guion men believe in Americanitlni and decent liv­ing. he would l.lndernline us and reduce oui;-jntluencefordping good,'simply by the fact of his not being one of us, so we'ruustalwal's."1>hove our {jnlon. brotb­ers ahead of hiu.; ·)vheneYl!r.and, wber­evertbe opportunitY presents 'itself. Tbls cour.se is l·adiC!lI, but very eood ..

W'e have' elected 'tt ne",- Press 'Secre­tnry.· He will bebettel'ntile to, tiil the post,tb:;m I, for l',never had a college edtlcation;,mY chief school. bas .been tbe rugged world; .. SO .. llOW;· Union brothers, I.wiH,say,,":.\.u Re~-oir," but not good-by.

DAN.·ll.ELLSWORTH, ~ . Press· S~C!~tary.

UNION :sO. 18, KANSAS CITY, MO. As it has been some time· f!ince any­

thing from Local' T]:1ioD No. 18 appeared In tile coltuims of tile journal, and as this:is the begiuuing of another year, and being elected ;Press Secretul'Y at cur last meeting, I deem if' my duty tQ try and wl'ite something for. the journa,l, and think it is the duty of aU LocalEI to see tha.t. the Press Secretary writes'some­thing each anil ev.ery ntontb " ..

It is with regret"I must ,;!1y that we h:n'e bad a futrd "time to hold tQ~etber for the last. she months which will long ue I:emembered hy the few :;lld faithful brothers Who haV'e worked hflrd and f.iithfully fortbelr rigJits T!ieyare but f,:\Y, cc.sily' CQunti<!. ,,:ell l;ll~·\"r.. ny all, und I hope wll1 always be' rememJ.)ereil as dear aud near together. Iu those few is a type -)f trtieuriIonism. .'

We Ul'e glad t\), see. .woi'k pl.:!kiag up a little aud wweofourJ)l'oth",:"s returning to tlie City again," .

T.he KOl.ils!ls· CitS Li:;ht Company are puttiug iI~.quite ll. !lumbc!." of ~it~· ligbts in the outer. part of fhncity.· HDd have quite a' lot pf work of hnlloir.<r to· reacb some of them. We only wish there were ten times the amount to be Pllt up,

1 received. a letter' i'.'OIil Callforllia not long since,. nsking Dli' wby tb€!'e VlaS not

[JanualY

anything in tbe journal from No. 18 .any more. Am sorry to say, partly neglect of the Press Secretary and pro·Uy neglect of the Union in not baving it dOlle .... As.. " I stated above, we have been ·on ,the brink, but thanks to a few fa~!hful ·~eUl-. bel'S of No. 18, we did not fntl over. We did slide quite a ways, but ,we. Jocked .' hanlls and held to the last live tWlg :un­til it grew strong enougb to hold us tirmc Iy, and we expect not to lose.sigbt o(Jt if we can help it. We also look (or tbat. '''hlcb has been sl)oken of so much here, aud that is the coming. l)rOsperlty. It has not reached this far ;we~t yet, but they tell us it will be here in the spriqg. If it does not get bere by spring' we sball expect it by our vote~ in 1900, ,and then our twig will be quite a tree capable . of holding up nIl of us. .'

C. H. ADAMS, Press Secretary.

(INION NO. 19, CHICAGO, ILL. The fiftb editorial in tbe December

WOl·ker made me feel bad. I had missed two jom·nals, and the. four columns of matter from No.9 made me feei worse; at meeting never a one asked if ·the Pl'ess SeCl·etary were·buried yet and it broke me up; and when they.oted'in another Press Secretary it cooked my goose entirely, but I am still a Union" . man.

No. 19.has given Its first entertainment, A committee provided drhilksandsand" wiches. Two visitors and 96 per cent of th~ members in town were preS€llt. ~ It was good even for us: .

Reading and discussion on by-laws ill made a special order at each' ineetlIig after the reading of minutes; and· tbe meeting goes into committee of the whole and we bope soon to have .·a good. set .of rules. Tbe. by-laws committee Is·' in­structed to draft an agreement, to submit to No.9, regulating admission()f ·men·in tbe different branches, and transfeITi~ of members of one Union working at tbe trade of anotber. ,

At our last meeting we elected 'the fol­lowing officers: M. J.Sullivan, Presi­dent; J. J. Haffner, Vice President;-(}, W. Ricbart,.Becol·ding Secretar.Y; D_ P~arce, Financial Secretary; J. Drouim,· Press 'Secretary; F. H. Renter, Treasm·er; ,J. Sta.Il, Ins.; N. A. Rohm, For.;C. H. Rib-' ner, Trustee. The trustees have met the secretaries and treasurer pro tem., and all is ready to turn o.er at nexLmeeting.

Bro. F. Larson, our treasurer, is bome for three months, after eigbt YlmrB of ab­sence, paying dues four montbs in ad­vance. One of the reasons I would . bate to miss this journal is tbat ·he would surely know of it. He did. not. knock down a cent, and we ahall all. welcome him rock. . .

Bro. Conklin,. our president, earns Ii re­pose, and tbe ex-recording secretary was scaTce, I bope our new officers will find tbat tbere is as mucb in running, It union as in trImming lamps;. or·. worc, and that it will stand doing as well,

The Chicago Coliseum is .being liglltell ready for the bicycle show in February, with 10,000 general and 4,900 prh"ate lnmp'S, at a cost of about $30,000. I have not beard any details except thnt they are doing the work themselves and em­ploying Adams anll I~embUl·k '~s eu~i-. necrs. The present arc lights nre run· by . the People's Arc Light and Power Co" with powcr frow the Vendome Club He>­tel plant.'

January]

I hear the W. Park is getting ready 1,-200 new arc lamps Ilnd a daisy new pow­er house in Douglas Park. The commiH­sloners are doing most, If not all, of the work themselves. As unionism and civil servlee are supposed not to pull togeth­er, there seems little chance for an ex­tension of our Circuit into the parks.

Center poles are under a cloud in this city. I am told that when the South Clark street1:runk line was tlOilled, a mo­torlJI'.ln wanted to see how his follower was crowding him, and put his head ronnd the wrong side of the cal.' and left 1t there till a pole came and hit· it, de­railing the car and taking up the motor­mun's checks. Of course the poles were In ·fault In being too stiff to give way, and they were all taken out and side poles put in, and the same has just been done on part of Stony Island avenue, where tlie middle of the street was not paved and the' sides wide and blocked with cedar, and no pulling across the sh'eet ever. called for, and DOW the In­diann avenue line hilS at last been h'ol­lied, and that with side poles. Center poles seem to be no ·good in :Chieago any more; .

As to the political situation, I myself huve not been successful, and would be very glad to be dIrected whel'e to apply for it, as I am out of work and nl:!ed money; as my fl'iends will tell you.

Wishing the jow'nal good-bye for the present, and all our unions a happy New Year, I.am,. DUNCAN PEARCE,

Press Secretary.

. UNION NO. 26, WASHINGTON, D. C. The year that hus just rounded off the

fullneu of its time; with Local No. 26, has been one. to be remembered by the members. The first six months was pre­sided over by .Bro. l\Ialone, who made an exceptional president, during which time there were some few internal eruptions which left incipient sores, which in the past six months have not entirely healed up, but have . gradualiy dried up and reached thestnge of desquamation, and it those interested are careful to avoid scratching untll after the 8th of Jan­uary, when the new officers elected are instlllled, -thl! writer believes that the cancer will be entirely healed and the blood of No. 26 wlU again be pure and healthy. No. 26 has many things to be thankful tor; therefore, we quietly lay the honored head of 1S96 upon its final pillow of rest with tender and loving bRnds, thinking kindly of our benefits, a plespant castle hall, a fairly good year's .work for most of the members, an in­crensed .membership, and the accounts of the Union in a creditable condition. Now we will unite, ow' hearts full of brothl'r­ly love, in repeating "Requiescat In pace."

The nomination dull election of officers for the ensuing six months was held on Friday night,. ,Decem~ 18, l'esuittugin the election of Bl'Os~ Jos. Paterson, president; A. Darneill, ...-ice president; S. M. Wilder, rt:'col'ding secretary; R. F. Metzel, financial secretary; John Heb­hai'd, tressurel'; S. M. 'Vilder, trflstee; Dat"c Rabbitt, Ins.; J. K. Vose, foreman. ,]'he retiriug offict:'rs fl:!el very much gl'ati­lled in being able to place in the hands t)f the nl'wly- elected officers a clean port· folIo, something that has nut existed be­tnre in the writer's time.

One of the most painful things No. 26

,.'-: .. ::: -~.

THE ELECTRICAL WORKEIt.

.hus had to deal with (excepting the death of Bros. Bland, Miller and Hl!nry) dm'ing 18:)ll, was the trial and punish­ment of oue of our IIl'others for yiolatlon of the trade principl~~ and (\,)ir.g work in an uns:i,~~; D.!4nn€r;.~~\ ving ip':P .a. \~ay to endangel' prOI,erty·. 01' possibly Itte. 'l'he membel'slIi'e .9~ginningto realize thnt their best intei'l~Rt lies in maintain­iug a hi,gh standard in· doing honest wOl'k, and in reliability rests our future success. This Is one tiling to be lauded, and we hope it will be worked out suc­cessfully. Having taken the reIns in their own hands, the tirst step to be taken is to classify the men according to their ability, and make their cards their recommendations;~to'e~ll.the men to time who do poor work; fiilhig those wbo vio­late the trade principles; suspending others who think more of wine and wom­en than of keeping up their dues. Yet with tbese few exceptions, tbe member­ship of No. 20 will compare favorably with any Local in the United States for intelligent reliable men. There is one thing the boys seem tc be justified In complaining about, thati8, the irregulari­ty with which the 'Yorker Is sent to them ..

The Potomac Electric Light and Power Company have won their case In which thl:! Unitad States Company tried to PI'Co Yent them from furnishing curr~:it to patrollS in Washington, and are now run­ning their service wires undergrounll east of Rock Creek. The fight between the two companies has been a long and bittel' one.

The new post office is now under roof and as soon as the bill (before Congress) making an appropriation of $60,000 is passed, we look for the work of wiring the bllihHng to be commenced; and if, as we understand, it is to be done entirely by 'Vashington men, It will give the men (lut of work something to do.

'Ye take great pleasure in welcoming the headquarters of the American Fed­cl'Ution of Labor to our city, nnd believe it to be a gl'Und move, ennbling those of­ficials to be In touch witb the statesmen who make our natlon's laws. Why 8houldnot the N. B. E. W. do the same? Surely this is the plaee for them.

'We would like very milch to have a complete file of the 'Worker in our club­rooms, that the members might have It for reference.

M. O. SPRING, Press Secretary.

UNION NO. 27, BALTIMORE, MD. I will again endeavor to express myself

through our official journal in reference to the Juke-warm members Or others that may chance to read. I vcry often meet members on the street who will ask why some certain thing was done at some previous meeting, and criticise whatever it may be to such an extent that unless a man is very determined in his belief, it will cause him to wonder If the action referred to 1s 'le;ral or right. I thInk if any member Is inclined to take intere;;t in resolutions ·that may become n law, or decisions rendered, that the lodge room is the plnce to cast a yote. and not wait until the (':lse is settled :md then say some one 01' two is running the organization. I sometimes think that the majority of men think that to join n lahor or~nnization is to combine directly a;rainst their employers. I hope those who chance to think timt, will give the subject their careful attention and by so

13

doing I think they will decide that or­ganized labor is for tbe interest of our eml,ioyers us well as ourselves. I don't think a labor organization was ever In­tended for strikes or rioting or anything

.. that is not patriotic and just. Of course ,. whl:!u workingmen become hampel'ed and

imposed npon so that they can't live, then they necessarily are compelled to

.1·eSOI't to both illegal and "dangerous methods, but those things happen seldom and it is only just that· we consider the good pOints as well as the bad ones. "'hen some good brother chances to be . wOl'king under another brother who is . rather unreasonable in bis demands, try to get along with him and not hold the Union to which he. belongs responsible for his deeds, liut remember that you won't have to work with that one man nlways. ,\\Te all expect to receive orders from the man that happens to be more fortunate than oW'selves and is foreman, JlI;rtaining to Ollr duty on the work. But when he gets put of this capacity then there Is n stopping place which some of them seem to forget, but sometimes the!' llrc forcibly reminded of the fact that­they can be displ:!nsed with by the com­pany they are working for.

No. 27 is. In a better condition now than el-er before, and I om sure that If the brothers will attend strictly to busl-· ni.>ss we will make oUl'seJYes an honor­ahle .and creditable body. In more ways than is usually attached to a Union, for onr members, Wltll few exeelitions, are eamest and loyal to their duty. I hope that evel'y loyal worklngwan will eyent­tunlly join us, but unlt.'sR he possesses good qualities It Is bett~r that his nsme n!"ver comes before our organization. h.nowledge is a very expensive accom­ylishment, and some of, us bave to live a '-ery IODg time before we learn the al-phabet to knowledge. . .

I will not write the Xmas letter with­out wishing all the boys a merry Christ­mas and happy New Year, nnd will add that I hope the coming year will be a more profitable one than the past. We will see what McKinley does for us. He has already told us what be was going to do. Now ,vait

UHAS. 1'.""TA"YLOR, Press Secretary_ -------

UNION NO. 30, CINCINNATI, O. After being in exIstence for a year

and a half and not haV'ing grlleed the pages of the Worker before, and as we enter a new yeal' in our organization; it is only proper that No. 30 should begin to let others know thnt she ·is alive and well, though not as Inrge iIi membersbip as we would like to be. Still the boys muke up the deficiency in enthulliiasm :lUd all hope that by the close of 1897 to count our members in three figures twice. W'e have a large territory and plenty of material to work on nn-:J hOpt~ to be able to get all ot it in circuit so that when our brethren chance .to coiU we can, with prIde. point to No. 30 and her pl'Osperous members.

We had the sixteenth annunl conven­tion of the American Federation of Labol' in our city the week of Decembel' H to 21, and It was tnlly a grand sight to see the labor interest of onr country (yes' and of Europe, as there Wel'e dele­gates. fl'om Great JJritain and France pres('nt), represented by such a class of intl'lIigent men, and after seeing and hearing them one could say that there Is a bright future In store tor labor, and

·1

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I

14·,

more so for uniowsm so that a few yearl; ___ from now the man who cannot stand up

and say, "I have been a Union man so long or so many years," wlll be lookcd . upon as not being up to the standard of. Intelligence or he must have lived in some very remote part of our world.

We beld two open meetlngs during tbe convention week and Grand Secretary J. T. Kelly labored bud and helped us wOnderfuUi. We had the pleasure of hearing the following delegates address our meeting: W. D. Mahon, president Amalgamated Associl\tion Street Rail­way Employes; John 1:. Tobin, president Boot and Shoe WorkerS: National Union; O. E. WoodbUry, ex-president Carpent­ers' Council of ChJcago; T. I. }add, .secre­~Wi(){hvorkel's'? IntetnatioJiaI Union; ;I." F"'O'SUll1vaD, 'Massachusetts State Federation, and other lesser lights, and now we look forward to reap good re-sults for our Local. '

A word about that which we all look for; 'Work. Well, it is not very plentiful here at present. In fact 'tImes are d1il1; very dulL I guess·it is because "sound money and' prosperity" has Dot swooped down on us yet as SODle prophets said it would, in days that are passed.

No. 73 still sounds her horn, "and more 110111' to its potato cake," and only hope those' IndIans will always keep up (oh, you Swash) and hope some of the tribe will' wander over to Puget Sound and 1md sume 'if the United Order of Lina­men who stlll roam those woods, and add another Local Union to the Direc­tory, as some of the old boys are, sure to be tllere yet, and they are O. K.

There Isa fine of $5.00 if No. 30 has Dot a letter In January Worker, so. now you-cannot blame, me for writing this and going over that five. Santa Claus did not· put anything In mine; did he in yours?Oh~ you know.

Wishing you a Happy New Year, will stgn,myselti ' T. B. SPELI..ISSY,

. 'Press Secretary.

UNION NO. 34, BROOKLYN, N. Y. As. it hils been some time since 'you

have, had a letter from No. 34, and as our Press Secretary does not attend to his business, I take the liberty to write these tew lint!s.

No. 34 is still In the land ot the living, and We hope that the few who have stoOd by us In the past will continue to do so that we may stlll live. We now have an uphlll job because we are not recognized as a Ui1IDn here' or in New York City,elther by the Contractors As­sociation or the Union in New York City. As tar as our inside men are concerned, we have no right to live unless we join N~. 3. , We ,araaU right for the linemen as this Is the only Local of the Brother· hood in tllLis vicIuity. l.'lIe linewer. who al'e'-membeN bere don't bav-e ro beI1mg but are staying in jnst for the love of No. 34. If the condition had been dif­ferent In the start, we 'might have had the strongest Local in the Brotherhood. .At the present time we have h~t two wiremen, and I slIppose they wlll have to go:

On January 1, 1898, the wlremr.n ot New York, or No.3, wlll receive $4.00, per day, for their services, and that with their eight hours for a day's work, will be as good as any of the trades are paid, and better than many. They calculate to put each man ,through II. r.gld examina­tion, and those who are not qualIfied will

.~.

'tHE ELEcTRICAI4 WORKER. =-=-.

not be rated as wiremen . .All at this we intended to do had we beeu permitted, but the pawers thnt ,be decreed other-wise. " ' , ';" ~lallY of our m'en are' Oilt of work now.

The ~ew York ani! New Jersey Tele· phon~ and Telegmpl;l Compuny lnld off about 25, Ilnd the Nassau lUIUrond Cem­panY''.lut of a gang ,()f 00 have only about 15 i<oft.. So you s,ee the outlook for the wintei:,:!,s nc,t very bright. With our poor sl;,owingior No. 3·1, we ha.ve been and arc stllldoirig good. We have had quite a lot of sickness through accident, aDd tuwe manas-ed to paY$U.OO per week s.lck benefits to ':ill who areentftled to it, besides making; doIiatlons to 'those' who are not entitlediobenetits. '

We doric't':heirti'ii't!y;rooi'cnbl!,ut free sil­ver nnw; ':whi:it:'$' thema:ttcr'w'ith our Western brothers at large" Have they '\lcen the fQI1y ,ot ~helr way and repented? I Sincerely trui!.t,so a~d'I hope that when the silver shouters have seen four years of prosperity such as 'ive, are bound to have; t~e)' wlll$wino; Intoliue and help to keep 'the wheel going the way It should go. This' polftlcal ~U"guDlent in trade journals :is" entirely out of place. and bound to do lots othl,lrmj,Iet each man do as he t,1iinksbest at the polls. 'Vhat would ',suit SOlDe mcmbers might be yery hurtful to':others. ~So, in th~ future, if le,uders of label' organizations are wise they' will keep lheiropinions to them-"-"n.) ..... I'O~. '.' •••• , • •

..,,,,..,,,ICC.. , . We havec.bailged our mep-Hng nights

to', the seeond and fourth Saturdays, at i:he'sarne, haU""Si.iO FUlton:' stl·',d. We h9pe that tJy the time our neit Worker appears ,wt>, wHI be in good sll:Ipa again. . " , E. W.' LATHAM, President.

UNION NO. 38. CLEVELAND; O. There is not much newF. from No. 38

this wontlJ: "·~"bave fair attendance at weeting~, but, no~ what ItshouJd be If all thp. brothers 'have, the Uniim at henrt. There Is v.ery litJle dp!ng here at present. T~ 'J~eJepholle' Company are working

\theif' ~eri' we':!k about., The Electric Light Com~1I11ly' 'are 'about finished up

: with their odd job:.s, and It d',ean't look 'I,ery elicolll'lll;"iDg' for' the winter, al-lthough,somethihg;nti~ht ,bob up for some of the "Q9Ys: to put in their 'lonesome hours at; ho\\~evc~'; ',we haven't very many mewbei's I)ut of work' at present. "Te have a couple of br')th~rs on the sick list. , ", " ",,',' "

We hcld our :munal::ball on 'J.'hanks­giving eve,:' wh.ich was n. grand success, ftnd as ,I cantt:{)f 'gIve It the praise it de­!!crves, I wlll selld a clipl~ng from one of our daily papers; and it deep not exag-ger-.ite It,In the l~ast: '

Olle of tllemo;,t!nterestin~ ilisf/lays of eiectricul goods eVI;.'r presanted 1:1 Cleve­laud wassl~cwi. i.t t!le :l~lI:l:l1 ball of I,oeaf Unit)n ' No.' 3S of the N'ntiollal Brotherhood of' Electrical, Workers at Army and Navy R"lillast nlght~ ,

The word welcome in Imge lette!"H, formed from r~d,whlte :u;d lilue incan­descent globes. extended acros::; the end of the room and there WitS ali endless a!:"l"ay of tdcphones, ';v(;rk"!ng te!egraph InstrUl.n~nts, nl;:'l'm and meRSE-nger call box('s, batteries' and motors of various kind .. , tkl>,ers ,and' otber., electrical ap-pl!iinces. ' ' , ' , The displays were aU ronde by local C'oncerns. Onir 300 couples pa-rtieipated in the IIUU, ,wh1~li 'W3S a: :'Y-Cl'Y brilliant affair., ,::-

Danuarr

The gentlemen in charge were:_,. .. Reception Committee, B. l<~. Murrin, J.

E. Sulloff, H. H. Coursey, J. ¥. Mayne, William Quinlen, Charles, L9hrer; 'Door director, J. C. Coollcan; ,1ioorman:igers. P. P. Hovis, R. M. Ross, HarrY .Qtt, T. L. Dawson, E. R., Williams. , " '

The committee of Local 3S,~Nn:tlonal, nrotherhood of Electrical WorkerS; !lav­ing In, charge their grand annual, ball and electrical display at Army and, Navy Hall last Wednesday evening hel'~by acknowledge, with due appreciation, the lively interest manifested by electilclll, firms of Cleveland in aiding so material­ly In making our electrical dlspIily a'suc­cess. We hereby extendo,ur. heartfelt thanks to the following firms: ,Electrical Supply: and Construction Company, Elec­trical Supply and Manufacturing 'Com- , pa~y, Cleveland Electrical 'Manufiu!j:ur~ Ing Compnny, North Electrical 'Works, American District Telegraph -Company, Western Uilion Telegraph Company, Na­tional Automatic Fire Alarm, Company, Cleveland Electric Illumination "Com-pany, also Schneider, 'florist. "

,IRA MISNER" Pres,s Se(!retar;¥.:

UNION NO. 40, ST. JOSEPH, MO. As It Is most time for another '''Work­

er," I will try and let you know how J"o­cal Union No. 40 is get~lng along •. .'We ',gave our fifth annnal ball on New Year's Eve, and I am proud to say that it :was the g!"!!.udest of the !!~a!!ou. The .!!lec~ {"rico 1 _display was just fine. , The 'ball' was like a ball of fire; aU kinds of I1ghts ' were brought Into use; also a cO!tecti~n . of aU kinds of electrical iustniIrie!its­those used years ago, and,instruments ,of the present. Also a, small electric .. ele; vated 'car line on circular, track, ol"IlIl,:at, 51-2 miles per hour. These lYereol;lly a, few of the interesting displaY13.Allnres­ent enjoyed themselvcs, and No. 40 'real-' ized some clear money, w~lch wHl go to make things pleasant for the Local. ','

The storm is making lots of work for the boys at present, and keeps .them, en" the jump. '

Bro: Editor, I would like to ..know, where ex-Bro. Jim Durkin is, and why he, don't settle his bill wlt~ No. 40, for ball tickets from last year, ,and pay bls blllsln the city~ as No. 40 is very fl,ore on him tor the way he has treated 'the Union. . -,

Well, as the ~ew year has,come In, 'No. 40 gives her best wishes for the future suct!ess of berself and all other unions.

W. C. S~ODGRASS, Press Secretary.

IN MEMORI.AM .. "

Rt>.solutlons of condolenCe :adopted by Local Union No. 44, Monday, December 21,1896:

Wbereas, The great !lDd AlJwise Ruler of the Universe bas seen' fit' iiiiHs 'In­finite wisdOm and divine 'Provldence.to, remove from our midst our worthybrotb". cr, Wm. Rooney; therefore, be it' ,

Resolved, That 'while we "submit' In humility to the wisdom of our ':ci·eator.

, that in the death of our' brotiier, his mother, brothers and sillters mourn the loss o1'n kind and affectlon:l,te son, a just and noble ,brother, and his fl'lends an up· right and respectable associate; and belt '

Resolved, 'That we as members of Local Union No. 44 tender our heartfelt 'sympathy to his mother, brothers, 'Sls­.ters, relations and friends for their great

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i. I

J!inuary] THE ELECTRICAL WORKER

sorrow and. commend them to Him who brethren of tbe B~ct!l~rhood who may doeth aU things well; and be it further pass "this ~uy. I will cy;dl!a~.)r to entero­. Resolved, That these resolutions be tain tbem in a vleasant manner .

. spread llpQn our records and a copy With manytIlunks to YOll, l'11·. Editor, presented to the family ot our Brother for giving m~'8paeefo: my pcur ~';::t~r", Rnd the saine be published in the official ~.nd t:ul;ting' that my sl1cces!"or i:nny more journal ot our order. ably fill the chair I have vacated, I am D. WILLIS,W. EVERETTS, W. H. KELLY, Press Secretary; 1. D. M'GUIRE~ P. MARTIN, . F. 'KEHOm, A. MURDOCK, UNION NO. 65, BUTTE, l\fONT.

Committee. Local Union No. 65, ot· Butte City, Mont., Is strictly in the swim. We have

UNION NO. 45, BU"B'FALO, N. Y. thirty members now, and everyone of I have warned our brothers several them is deeply interested. You would

times in my letters that coming to But- think they were interested could you be falo in search of work was only· throw- at one of our meetingR. We are getting lng away their money in :Car fare; things in shipshape oruer now. We have whether they read and believe I am a very nice little hall and the rent is not wrong, or whether they read and decide much, and we have money in the bank, to take their chances, or whether they and everyone of our members is work­':fail'to 'rea.d at all, the fact rema:lns that iug; so thcre is no reason why we should they are 8tlll coming and before they not be the strongest Union (financially) get out of town, generally on·their up- In this part of the countI"',r. We expect pers, they find my warnings were true. about fourteen more members to join I again 8ay to them, keep away; there is. later. We added four bright lights to our absolutely' no work for those that live circuit on December 20, an~ three more here, and won't be until spring. Runflay, January 3d, and we expect three

Bro. Rothot·the Western Union is re- or four more next meetin)? . placing hi8 iron wires in the city' with 1 expect Anaconda and Butte wlll work copper and when thi8 -job is completed under one Union, liS some of the boys hiB gang will be laid off and no furt}ler ov~r there informed usthnt they did renewals. will be made this winter. not think there would be enollg'h of . In the last 1s8ue of the Worker, I note steady workers to hold a charter, as an account of .a grand ball given by they keep changing around, so much. Local No. 44, but I fall to see any men- There are ten men working in_ the line -tion of visitors from No. 45 being pres- g:1ng at Anaconda now. l\nke' Sullivan ent.· This is a. sad omission on the part is foreman: Jack Clinton, straw. I guess of the i>ress Secretary of that Local. It ,Jack would like me to call him assistant was no doubt intentional as it is a well- foreman. but I informed him that he

. known 'fact that No. 44 is deficient in would have to come and see me, and he good,..looking men and are obliged to roly has not been around yet. Wm. McKay, upon No. 45 to send a delegation of its Buck Buchanan.Wm. Courtney, Eddie ii~~st to all their receptions, to give them De~lers,W. J. Hlggim;;. Ivan Holt, Wm. the eclat necessary to.:.all high-toned af- Hamilton, Peter Sullivan, all belong to tairs. Ma.nyof the boys from No. 45 re- the Anaconda g-ang, and they are all turned with Cupki's darts in their breasts with us. soul and body .. Foreman SU1li­'and perhap8 their gain was a loss -to vun informed me he would join us the some ot 44's beaux. 'Ve expect to hear first chance he had, when he would be in

. _more of this anon, and if the green-eyed Butte. Jack Clinton ,jOined last meet­monster is not running amuck before ing, a8 he happened to be in Butte when Bufl'aloglves its ·yearly reception, we wlll we met. He has a gnng over here dOing ile agreeably disappointed: 'Now, boys some work for· the Anaconda company~ ot 44, don't blame the Rochester lassies.' The Anaconda company is very friendly Tbey "cawn't help loving UR, ye know." towal'ds unionism, -as they have. notices

At .a meetiDg of Na -45 beld..last even- posted In all their works that their em­iJig, the following officers were elected 1I1oyes . sho111d' join the different unions for the ensuing six months: Wm. Haley, (If their craft. "' . president; Goo. Latchford, vice presi- Bro. D. J. Winslow has been 8ick for a dept; Chas. Gllyton, recording secretary; .week' or.' more. We hope he will: be C. E. Stinson, fin:mcial secretary; Wm. around soon again. Bro. Swanson has Hall, treasurer; 1.'. J. McDougall, Ins.; been under the weather lately. The na.­Ja8. Haley, foreman; T. J. Burns, Frank ture of Bro. Swanson's sickness' can be Hopkins, trustees; J08. L9dge, Pret's explained In a few words-New Year's Seet:etary; delegates U. T. and L. Conn- Day, road house, eye in II. sling, and there cll, W. K. Lightheart, Frank Devlin and YOll are. Bro. Clinton had a very un­Goo: Latchford. lu('.ky time last ycar .. While working for

The' election 'of Wm. Haley hi a de- the Montana Central Railway Co. he burt served tribute. Mr. Haley has served bis ankle, and waFl oft' for three months, three' terms in the same 9ffice and bis and here lately he was taken sick. and genial ways and impartial ruUngs have was off a month or more. He is all right so endeared him Lo the members, tlillt n;:aln, and i3 now ready for anything they delight in hOD01;iug him whenever that comes alorig. . th~ occasion "Pl"eseutS itself. President Bro. W. W. TftHltlttbas severedhh!l "Con­Haley, as well as the other officers. are nections with the Anaconda Co., 'and is heart and 80ulin the work ot the Broth- now working for Bro. E. l"l"8ncis. Bi-o: e~hood, and you will find their puil wiil Francl:; has started n cOlistructing !1nd be It strong Olle and a pull together. repair shop here, and his chances to get . As this is my last letter to the Worker, all the workh.e can rIo are good. BM.

I wisb to say to one and all, both at howe . FranciS is a practical m:m and a thor­and abroad, '~hat if anything emanating ol1g"h workman, and unoerstands wind­from my pt'n has in any way offended ing and wiring in every detail. them, that. I am Borry for it, and I ex- We have fixed cur initiation fee at tend .to any' of the PreS8 Secretaries a $5.00. There was quite It dil!cussion at eordiallnvltation to call upon me should the meeting whether it would be $10.00 tJJey viSit this city; also any and all 01' $5.00, and $5.00 carried, as I thought'

15

$10.00 would be a. little steep for men just coming here. Our dues are $1.00 a month. 'We were going to have a baU, but as the expenses would be nearly $100.00, we conclUded it was a littlt' rlsky, so we decided to table the report.

Our Committee on By-Laws' have not reported yet.

Foremr.n Sullivan, of Anaconda, tn· formed me that the company was gain:; to put hi !l new telephone exchange tn .A.naconda. There will be about 300 !loles to set, and In the spring they are going to reconstruct the whole town. Their light wires are in very poor shape, !lnd their Atreet car wires also.

The unions won a great victory hero! a ",;hile back. It seems that the ·Bulldi1:g Trades _Councll had a grievance all'ainRt the ';'\!urr2Y Opera House and hadfint'll Mr. !\.fU1"l"UY. He would not pay ·hls flne, and they boycotted his opera house. ThPy held it closed for a long timt'. but finally Mr. Mt;rray found out that it WAS a los­ing !!:n.me, and he concluded he had bet­ter scttle. The unions in this city are very strom!'. and they pull tOl!etber to a man. GEO. KESSLER .AITKEN,

Press Se('.retary. ------A BRA Y"E DEED REMEl\UfERED. George- KeFlsler Altl~en, Press St!cretRry

of No. 65. was the happy rectp;ent of a very hr.ndsome-andvaluable go1(l medal one w{;ek ago lastWedpesdRY, presented to him by the City Councll of this city flJr hi!! h!"Rvery as a fireman, the particu­lar~ I)f which I wlll give you in t1:f@ !'>hort al'couut, a~ I happened to be at the fire the time the inddent occurred. The fire occurred hst .A U!!'llst Ilnd WIlS' in what is called the O'Donnell Row. mostly poor people occupying the cabins ae th~y are termed in this country. ! was stllDding at the door ot tbe burning cRhin from which tile smoke and flnmes· were issuing. when George came MlShln'Z out nearly suffoca.ted with smoke. with a haby in his arms. The poor Infant waR scorched before George ~onld get to it, but nlthou/Zh be had to go through flame nnd smoke he heeded not his own welfare, but rushed mll~ly to the room and rescued the child. A heart-rend!ng scene was KQin.g...on out in the street. A mother wrio/ring her hnnds and seream­ing fr::mticlllly, was heM by two sturdy policemen to prevent her from going. to the rescue of lier l'hild, but ae George issued through the door of the burning buildinl! with the bAhy. cheer nfter cheer went up from. the Rpe,:tntors for the man who risked his life to SR.ve a child. A brave act Indeed. Hnd it was for this act of bravery that the fDedn.l was tendered him. He feels very proud of it. nnd has ev(>ry reuson to be, ns it Is solid ~old an.d valued at $50.00. A. G. ELL ERICK.

Butte, Mont. ------

'UNION NO. (IS. HOUSTON, 'rEX. We noticed In the last Worker an Ar­

ticle from a committee of No. 71 of Gnl­veston In which they work thems.elves up to a war dance pitch nnd dis~orge n very rich seen ted load of venom :md nar­row-minded ~plte a~ninst I-nC<'l1 Union No. 66 and its members. becaul-!~ some men whom we are sorry to say. wer(l once membcrs of our Local went to Gal­Ve!;ton ::tnd worked for lesR than the Union sC.ale. Stelle. Cl'ossley Ilnd Flynn. thp. men IIgnlnst whom Galveston's COnl-

. Il1lttf.'P. iwve (;uch n /:riev:1Dce took Ol1t tl"Uvcllng' ("llrds and wp.nt to Galveston

16

last summer to work. This Local, sup­posed that Galveston, with all her boast­ed Union regulations, walking delegates and lead-pipe cinch on everything, could look after any visiting members worki·ng there, and we did not think it necessary

. to pay any attention to them. Now if all the charges this committee makes against these men are true, we would like 10 know why No. 71 did not appoint a committee' to make charges agaInst these men to No. 66 when all tbis was going on. It seems strange that No. 71 shonld not find out something about this then, and that now they should find so much evidence of the "dirty work of the members of No. 66." It No. 71werc as loyal to Union principles as tbey pretend to 00,. they would have preferred charges to No. 00 against such;,of its members as the;y;rltnewto ,have ,been violating their obllgations .. It· woUld have shown a much more commendable spirit than to have 'appointed a committee to write their grievances to the Worker and iIi­vite the crIticism of .. other Unions and . Press Secretaries" to the "dirty work of the members of No. 66." ThIs Local does not propose to allow any of its members to vioiste any of their obliga­tions when It·' knows it, and when' charges are made in the proper manner, and w,hen-sufficlent evidence is secured of Buch violation, we belleve it to be the duty ofcvery true Union man to expose and bring to justice when in his power any Union man who deliberately does !!.!!.ythlng to mju~e' th~ caU1;a of ~lull'" ism.; , ,

We heam of this trouble at the time and'<wrote to No. 71 uuderseal of 'our Unlon:asking information concerning the same, but never·s. word in reply dId we get. None, of the men the committee complains of are members of No. 66 now. FlyDu and Crossley took out cards when we knew nothing' against them. 1I'lynn deposited his card· in No. 71 and was a mt>mber of that .Local when all this hap­pened, and also when he stole the dia­mond'·aoout which the committee is so much distressed; No. 66 promptly pre­ferred charges against hIm to No. 71, but w.hat ACtion they took .is unknown to ;No. 66. ThIs committee which appears to have been .appointed for no other pur­pose than to roast the Houston Local

" .. ,also .finds a mare's" nest in coimection with Bros. Wood and MUrry working in Galveston and says that' somebody thought that somebody said that they were working for less than Union wages .. They were afraid to come out plainly and say that th~ywere, for then they would have been called upon for the proof and that is what they were afraid of. The truth of the busIness is they (Wood and Murry) receIved more than the Galveston scale, and most likely more than No. 71's men are In the habit of getting, and we have a ,strongstis­piei6D that· tImt is the cause of aD tbls howl and their soreness at the members of No; 66.

We are sorry that No. 71 should feel it necessary to appoint ,a coinmittee to

.wrlte to the Worker and raise this trouble, which should have been settled between the Locals themselves. We· think Noo 71 displayed a very poor' kind of brotherly feeling and a very, unwise Union policy in rushing into print with their grievances against us. Such at­tacks as these if passed over, place us in a very poor light before the Brotherhood.

:.:'." -,

THE' ELECTRICAL WQRKER

Galveston 'would '11k", to pose as the .nodel· Union ·to'i\'ll.of TeXHs, ·hut in ·her· bigotry anfl-self-conceit ,she ·forg.~ts that t4e N~B. J.1. W,.is,t~p g~~tal1'>i)rganiza-

. tion<io'l:U:! :iIitlucueeiiby the .seltish nar­row-minded slurs and insinuatlQns of No. 71's com-mittee 'agallista neighbor Local, and No. 66 would like to Infol'lll No. 71's committee that when its Iilembers get 110 hungry that they will work for 81)y kind of wuges, they w11l never go to":Galveston wqere the' best they'hav-e to offer them is snit fish·alld.sand~abs. .,

Loeal'Uulon No.:'6i3 passed tbe'follow­ing resolutions: .

"Resolved,Toot we, the members of Local"Union No;;C60f Houston;·Tex., In a body, do: condemn: and . brand as a malicIous .falsehood . tllp. report of the comD;littee . appointed ,by No.· 71 of Gal­vclit0:D 'in regard to- Bros. ·G. 'D; ,Crossley aud.-A; H. Stelle. ' . '... : ,. '. ,,',

"Resolved, That these resolutions be Sent to the Electricai Worker forpubli-cation." '. . ..

Out Local. gave ltEdirst grand ball on December 8, which' was a gran,d success in 'all respects. \Ve were ,so much en­couraged by the. large attendai.1ce and general good timc-.tliat we have decided to give anotiler. in' the near future, and when we decide. on.a date we- will extend our sister Union ,in Galveston a hearty Invitation and hope they· wUl come and

, let us· show them that "In'splte of our little dltl'erenc"e8 we Clin show them a tru~Union hospitality and thlitwe may be uoje 10 neal uIHheir soreness-towards uS.' . W. V. FISK,

. Press, 'Secretary. -'---,-----

'BRO. CROSSLEY HEARD FROM. E.iltor Elect'rical WOl'ker, and whom it . mllY conL'er!l: ,,.,

While reading over the letters in last mouth's 'Worker; 1 came to the one from Galvestnn, and 'asl am one of the par­ties"mentloned In ,the ch:uoge against three' memWr-fi "of .No. 00, 1 feel It my duty to attempt to clear.mY·'good name ot tlie cloud-tha.t at' present covers it, all (lVe!' the cOlmtry .. TO' (10 so, I will have to go baek to thetime when Iwas work­ingin Galvest.oIi, ·or even·a uttle further nIidas I will take up qnltea little space, I hope that tbe Ednor will not be angry. "W:hat I llRve'to say is 'ail fol!ows: On

or about :MaY'1, 1896, the- firm of Barden & Sheets, el~ricalcontra('to1-s; dosed a contract with the Galveston 'Brewing Co. t,o wire their new brew~ry nnd' put in an isolated plant.1\{. J .. :Fly~n" A. H. Stelle; andn;iys~lf, were working. for tbis tirm·at the time. . Mr. 'Barden 'said to me oue afternoon thatlie was ~{\ii!!\' to send us to Galveston in a day 01' two, lind I sa.id,- "1 suppose you know the scale of "age!! and bours l;f,tho.! city." Hf, said that· he did not, and':asked me what they '.-crt? I to:dhim 'tliat tl~" scale was 35 cents pcl'" hour and, ',eight lU)DrSWaS :l day's work. (Tbe scale. in HOllston was ~O r.ents per bonr, ten' hours a day's wI)rk') . He 'snid he ~ouldnotpay it. so I told him truit we could not go. Then '11(' told me to see. Fiynr.-& 'Etej]~'arid see what· we wel"e~oing to'd6"n,D!lut':it. "[ toM him I wouid, which I·i]i'd tilat same afternoon, a!!1 wp.tie~id~1l not ·to· 'go for' It~8S thau the' rtr.:ndl1.~a wtil!'&" paid in Galveston, I· rE!hftn<!dto ?lfr. Bnrden n nil told him' U:ert.'sult. He grunted 3. little. but sl'eing no 'Wny· out of it de· cided to pay us wllat·.we.asked:' Well,

Ua~t!ary

about a week later Bros. Flynn and . Stelle' were sent to Galveston, I remaln,~ ing in Houston for two or three-daY$·to finish up some work there. I then went to Galveston and went to work. Every­thing went on nicelY'for about,ten days, when Mr. Baden telephoned for Bro. St~l1e' and myself to comeback to Hous· ton to finish some work there. Well, as soon as .I got back to Houston and No. 66, had a meeting. I proceeded to ad­vocate 35 cents per hour and eight hours a day for Houston. (1 having had i:L touch of high life wanted more of 1t). The result was that I was appointed on a committee of three to go and see ·the contractors and see wpat they would do about It. I went to see Barden & Sheets first. lIr. Barden kicked' ,like a· 'bay steer, but we told him that It would do him no good to kick, as we were out fOlo the dust and were going to have It. Well, he finally agreed that If the other .con­tractors would sl'gn an agreement' he would also. We then went aU around to see' what the others were going to do, l guess it is' not necessary to state the re­sult, as' it does not hi.' any way' con1lict with this'charge further than Barden & Sheets. Well, Barden seeing what I was goIng to do, decided to get dd of ine~ When Saturday night came, l' waS laid off. He stated that there was nothing to­do. I knew"better, however. I was the oldest mali In their employ. -They laid me off and kept another man who, had' only been In their employ 'a short time. I then tried several places to get work, but found It next to iD;lPossible to get a job of any kind. I am almost suie tbnt Mr. Barden went around and boycotted . me, for no one would have anything' to do with me. I then lett Houston and came to 'St. Louis, where T ha.ve been ever since. Nc1w, as the Committee at Galveston says that Mr. She~ts made this statement to them, it Is my belief that this firm not b~ing :88.tisfied' with the dirt they had already. done me de­cided to see if they could 'not -get the Union down on me, and if tbeY'were to tell a few more bare-faced li.es like the last one, there is little doubt but· that they 'WOtIld lIUcceed. They further state that some new man says he -saw the pay 1"011 and that oppOSite our names was thtl amount $1.50 and $2.00 per day. Now, I do not ,exactly say that he did not see such a pay roll; but woUld It not be very' easy for Mr. Barden to' make out such 'a . pay roll and put It where it could. bt~ seen? I was foreman for ~arderi &:­Sheets for 'several months and I wlla' never able to' get so much as a glimpse of a payroll. Another thing I wouid like to say, If there was' such a pay roll 'laying around, our names . were ·not Signed to it, or it they were, they were forgeries. All I have to say is if Messrs. Barden & Sheets made. such a 'statement, to Local Union No.n; that they u'ri! base liars. '

'rhere is but one thing that I ,blame the boys of No. 71 for, and that Is, I dl) 110t think they treated me quI~e right In .' tl°ying me. They pl'ocee<l to trY me for' one of the rilOl'( serious crimes a Union man can be charged with, without hear-

. ing my side of the ·story. I do not, how­ever, bf'af Gal\"estou 'any iii will 'for it. I expcl!t to be in Houston in Il sbort time, aud will go to Galveston and attend one oftlJeir weetings and try to convince the bOYlltb:it they have made a greatmls~ take. . '

I' I

!

I

I

Jainiary] THE ELECTRICAl. WORKY.:R 17 ======================== =====================

Galveston further states that "they are out of the city and can't be heard from:' That Is a lame excuse. Everyone knows that all the CQmmittee would have to do would be to write to Bro. Kelly and finll out where they were. Further, if Gal­veston was in "ood standing with the N. B .. E. W .. of A. they would have gotten the Worker for the months of Jlily, . A.ugust .and -september. In these three papers was a piece from Houston with my name signed In full, and stat­ing that I was In St. Louis. I appeal my case t9 an' the Unions and say that I have .not .had a fair trial. I never saw a CQurt convict a man on. I.lny charge (even murder) nntil the miln was· a prlsoiu~r. I don't think that as long as there was.a shadow of a doubt they f!1hQuld.cOme.o1,lt In a paper and publish a l;lla!l the way they did me. It is dead easy to ruln a. man's good name, but very hard for him to recover it. I think before 'making puhlic the charge, tlle;v should have at least given me a chance to defend myself.

To show. the fairn~ss of No.1, tl::ey have appointed a committee of two to investigate the charge, and I was as­sured .a day or two ago that the commit­tee would report that there was no grouuds for the charge, and if there was. thllt I had not a fair trial. So I am sure of one thing, that No.1 will give me a fair trial. I will leave it to the boys of allY Union that I never underworke.d or undermined any lJlan in any place'I ever . worked.

And now I will say In conclusion that I denounce the whole thing as a plot against me. - ..

.' GEO. D. CROSSLEY. St. Louis, Mo., Dec. 26, 1896.

UNION NO. 67, QUINCY, ILL. Quincy has been represented in the

Worker (in a way) every month for sorn~ . time, and we don't feel like missing this. our first opportunity, In 1891. The boys here are in good health as usual. OUt· boys' w·e doubly fortunate in this re­spect ..

Ex-Bro. Frank I~endall, who came near being killed by a f:ill from a telephone pore, some time ago, is able to go around (lome. We hope to see Frank at work soon and also to see him reinstated in . our' Union. . B~o. Jas.' Kane and son, Hlllery, are

.here on a visit. They both have bra nil new traveling cards. Bro. Jas. Kane Is the oldest lineman In the entire country, also about the Qldest man in the Union. He Is Union through and through, and Is welI"Uked by all. . 'We had olir election last meeting, the

followlng'1s a complete list of officers: ·Wm. Wa~ner, president; Walter DaR­back, vice president; D. M. Mallinson, ftnn~cll1l secrp.tflry; S. I~. Pevehcn1<:~, recording secretary; J .. H. Nessler, tr~s­urer~ C. .H. MCJ.'ieme.e, press BeC1·euuy; Jas .. Mohn, for~mun; Lou ConE'tantz, Ins.; E. 3". Dempsey, Eddie Nessler, W. Y. Hickman, trustees. No. 67 meets at Trade~ Assembly HaU, on South Fifth

·street, on the second and fourth Wedn<:s-days of each month.

Bro. "'. V. Hic\imll.n is just recoverin~ from an .attack of whooping cough.

The boys are aU at work at present with possibly· one or two exceptions. Work Is "cry scarce in Quincy this win­ter. Outside brothers give this city u wIde berth when looking for work.

J. C. J!lJhlngi;r of KeoKuk, To., adver~ tises for 25 lfOod linemen to put- up wire>.

'Wages 2') cp.nts per hour. Vfe can't-say what kind· of work it Is, or hl)w lImeh of it there is to do.

Jllnuary 21 is the date fixed for our baH, and it is needless to say we are all working hard to m:lke It a grand suc­cess. There will be different designs from any we have heard or eisewhere. We also have a mU.l:h larger hall than we had last year, and OIl!' tickets are sell­ing like hot cakes ttt a chllrch fair, so we feel assured of a good crowd, and ex­pect to put quite a sum .in our treasury. I can't tell you mucb about it this time, but will try to tell how It went in the . next Worker. .

Come again, Bro. W. H. Kelly. Your h·ttm'ln December Worker was all O. K. If we had a letter like that from every Press Secretary our journal would be strictly in It, and why can't every Press Secretary write some every month. Try it once and see how it will look. Bro .. Presidents, I make a motion that every Press Secretary be impressed with the importance of having a letter, however short, In every Worker. Do I hear a second?

Bro. Hatt is an excellent writer. We need a few more good old Hatt's like this one. Bro. Hutt says "Hanna's prosperi­ty" .has not reached Chicago yet .. I may add. "nor Quincy either." .

By the way, I will name the committee of arrangements for our dance. They are II good lot for such a place: Bros. D. M. Malllnson, W. F. Wagner, Walter D:lsback, J. H. Nessler, Ell Gilliger, S. L. Pevehouse and W. V. Hickman, and of course they aU know how to dance and how a dance should be nm, and of courRe Bro. Joe·WeinholY will be there with his best girl from South Eighth street. Bro. Dnsback expects to bring three or four I!'irls. He says the sweet things give the electrical workers their sweetest smiles, anyway. Eddie Nessler will bring girls by the armful. Wagner's hest girl IS resting for our dnnce. as her best man is on the floor committee. Bro. Mallinson will not play with the foclls Ught this time. Bro. George Burnham Is practic­Ing daily for the grand ma~~h.. as he will lead It. 3". H. Nessler wiUbring two girls to help him wIth the proceeds~ What else can he do? . .

Both companies, Emp1reand' the T. H., will furnish current for all the lights we care to URe.

Enough forthls time, aR the hlg event is still In the future, 1mt in my next I will know how. it went, and now for fear I am using too much valuable space, I will open the circuit for the present.

Wishing everybody a happy New Year, I am C. H. M'NEl\IEE,

Press- Secretary.

UNION NO. 69, DALLAS, TEX. Having. been re-elected to th'.! office of

PI'CRS Secretllry, I will try and entertain our h.-others for a s!lort time In reluting the condition and future prosperity of our Local in Dalllis, and, by the way, prosperity is the most noted thin.!: talkerl of in this country, and it is not very en­coura/:,in;:: for those who read our daliy papers and see the cohlmn of faihu·es every day. And still, we are under sonnd' money and prosperity.

Our Local has had n hard stnlggIe for life, as' a great many others lillve, no

doubt, and' we are going to survive un­le8s they naturally starve us to death, In which we hope they will not succeed. Therefore, we have got to work on safe and conserv-ative Dnes while we are yet young, if we except to receive any of their sympathy or encouragement in be­half of our undertaking. We know what capital has done to the dilYerent labor or/:'anizat!ons in the past,but we expect, with the assistance of every other labor unlou in this city, to change the ·~oucli­tion of the poor laboring man.

A number of our boys have been idle more or less for some time, but with' fiattering prospects for the fufure.

The result of our last election of offi­cers was: S. D. Claiborn, President; GE'O. H. Egan, Vice PresIdent; W; H. Young. Recording Secretary; F.G. Mont­gome:-y, Financial Secretary~ G. W. Chit­wood, Ins.; C. E. Anderson. For.

I hope each w.1ll do his duty, and by so doing wlil strengthen and buIld up our craft, whidl is so badly imposed upon at the present time. CRAS. TROTTER,

Press Secretary.

UNION NO. 73, SPOKANE, WASH. It b.;comes my duty as Press Secretary

of No. -73 to renew the Union bonds which bind old and truefrlE'nds of the Worker together, and also to extend the right h,1.nd of fellowship to those broth­ers who for all time to come will take part with us in legislating for the good of our Unions.. .

At a. public meeting of the Trades Conncil of this city, held 1m Tuesday, December 15, we hat! the pleasure of listening to some of the highest oftlcers of this State, all of whom spoke com­plimentary of UnloIlS. I am very' glad to inform cur brothers that No. ,73 Is nffiliated witn the Trades COllncil of,this city, which represents over 2.000 wage­earners, and hope all our Locals are ll.ffillated with the central labor bodies or their respective cities. In my Worker, just re('eived, I see they have organized a. Union at Butte, Mont. I am surprised it was not organized Jong ago, consider­ing that Butte is one of the best Union towns in America to-day, but the old !'laying is,better lutf! than never. George Aitken, the Press Secretary, Is well known to sever:.l of our members here, and. No. 73 wishes .all the ·F!'.lccess In the world to our nearest neighbor.

The boys here w~re sllI·prised a few days ago. Mrs. ·R<:lston, proprietress of the St. Louis House. g:1VE' a (lance, and the lightning chasers were out in full force. There was a stranger In town who, on being .informed that the dance was given for the electricians; began to smile and pulled out a traveling card i!'llmed by No. 60, San AntoniO, to Bro. Linqlli(lt. It was . not long before our little for.eman, Gus Pagpl, Anti Rro. I.Ind· qulst got into a conversation and began to talk of !.mIls B1lB, who in form~ years was a partner of Bro. Pagel. After talking for some time Bro'. Pr.gel be/:,an to get weak and backed away from Bro. Linflquist, who insisted on following him up, but was held btrek lJy Bro. Young. After coming to Gus said he knew very well that he was handicapped because he heltl down the financial secretary's chair. so long that he had forgl)tten how to talk German, so we relieved him 3S financial secretary find elected Bro. Van Inwegen, who can give Bro. I.in(lqnel't whitt he needs the next time they meet.

18 THE ELECTRICAL WORKER [Janua.ry ======================='=~==~"~'~"=:~>~"'====~===========

I The maIiagement of the Spokane Elec­i tric Light and'.,Street Railway Company .f gave each one of its employes, 150 in all, " a welcome Christmas present in the ~L shape of a big turkey. .

An the boys are working here at pres­ent. There Is talk of the Rocky Monn­tain Bell Telephone Company rebuilding from 'Montana to the Coeur d'Alene coun­trym :the spriug,

Not in the history of this Union; have more sad faces been seen than on Christ­mas Day, because death had found its way into the home of our dear beloved brother. T. H. Denter. and taken from hhn and his three little children an af­fectionate wife and bel~ed mother. Al­though Christmas DaY.,i896. was a dark one to our beloved brother and· one which he will never forget on account of lOSing his life partner. it /rave him 1\ chance· to see how hl/rbly his wife was respected by the members;, for they all turned out tn.1\ body nnd' escortE'd the remains to the church and then all took carrlages to the cemetery. The pall­bea~ ~slstE'd of three members of the N. B. E. W: of A .. and three mem­bers of the K. of P .• of which Bro. Den­ter Is also a mE'mber. The tfiembers of No. 73 seut a piJIow of flowers. ,

IN MEMORIAM. At a sPeclaJ meetlng,held on Saturday.

December 26. the. fonowln~' 'resollltions of coudolenN! were'adoptedhY No. 73:

Whereas. The lrTeat and nllwtse Rlller of the 'Unlverse hll!'! seen fit tn His In­finite wts\1onl and d1:-v'ne 'Pro'Vtd~nce'tc re:moye from our ... m~st the' Wife· of our wol'thvbrothel'; To'1;I. Denter; therefore belt;',. . '" . " . . ..... , .

Re!IDtved. That· .w-hlle ~e .su1)1J\it'ln humuttj to the wt!'ldoroof. our Creator. thatfn'the denth'of,thlldlldy our hrothf!r mourns the loiis of'Q 'tnj~'ftnd atre('tlOTI­ate, wite. ~their ~hnl'lren: ;a: just and nohle mother. and tbe fti,endiil, ~n -qPl'lgbt and relloectab)e ttflSociate: ana be'l.t.· . '. RellOlv~;Tha't ":we. RS In-embers' of

Local .Unlon No. 7R.t"Pnder ,'ourhenrtfelt synl1>Rthy .t9'ourhrother. 'hls Tl:.'lnttve!'l and frlendfl.· In their ~ent 'Sorr"w. Rnd commend them to Hlni who· doeth all t~ ..well :"00 be it further

Re!'Iolved. ,That these resolut!ons' he snread lmon (,11r recor(1~, a coPS-. present· ed to our brother lind the same publlshell In the Electrical Worker. .

.' ~U~ PAGF.L. 0.' (1: . VAN TNWEGEN.

.' D. W. Mc~NROE.· . .. . Committee ..

D. W.~,{'ENROE.Press ~ecretary.

UNION NO: 7!i. GRAND RAPIDS. , .' MICH.'·, WelL brothers. as"we lire stnrtfn~ In

the new year. let liS try and stnrt ri!!:ht. and fio all. the liood. we can to ol1n:elvE's lind brothers. Afl our frithprR of ,. the "LRnd' ot the Frl':(''' promised 'us prol'lnf!r­Ity. ret '1.TB' Jmve proSllerlty1\mon~ nit elec­trical workers; let us not look b:l('k 10 old 1896:-U has f/llfed aWRY: b11t look to 1897 with hope and a cheerful smile. Everytl:lIn~ in the Vnlley, City Is a Ilt­

tIe dun at present. ' We are nIl en:toyln~ the best of 'health and .spirlt!'l.with the exception of· 0111' /rood. stan~h brhth~r .. Fay Godfrev. who met with 11 serlon" ac­cld'ent last wpek In GrRnd HIITeTi .. The come~along slipped' and he fell 40 'feet. -He 'is .am6n~ uniOn bOY!'l.ftnd, will be well cared tor. afl he Is :l memher in ~ood standing of No~ 75. . , .

'-We had a rousing meeting' :n.~t Mon­dllY evening. and elected th~ 'i~nowlng officers for the coming term:; .r;:o. Ald­rlch.President; A~D"1I1cClell:in, Vice President; .ll'.:M. Ruck, R e'::o:rd in;:; Secre­

'rury; G. H.Hlgg!ns, Financial Secretary; D. B. Mclntyre, Press Sec~efary.; J. Mc­Gor:en, For.; B. Clark, Ins;'; J. ·D.Hlcks,

. Treasurer. ".:," :-' . ' 'We will give ou!" first' IInnualballon

J~nn:l!'Y 14th. at Germanla H!.Il1;. North Front street. We. look for ,a tar,goe crowd. as. the bOYfl are busHing sell1ng tickets. Over 200 already,sold.We would be ;:rlad to .have any"of the"bojSoutslde of the' city call on us."We will try:and give you-a good time; :1'8 we expect to handle ,n.. large quantity of the wet goods. Ar­rangement CommIttee consists of "Fire ~tIX": Joe:.· "Trolley-Wire" Mack, and "Telephone" .BeJ.'t:', ~J.ome in,. brothers, and haven l.Zooj:ltim~... .

We'have had itchnn~e in the Citizens' Tei.'Co .. Ero. Geo'; Hig~n8 can si~n' hl'3 n:lm~ :'Superlntel;ldent." Very good for ~. unlO!?-'man. Our every meeting night finds him ~t his post of duty In the finan­cial. secI·etary·s'chnlr. Let me give YOll a ,little Idea of ·bow union men stand' In Hr:indRnpids. Br.os.'G. Blgg!ns.Super­Intendent Citizens' Tel. Co.; J. O. Ald­rich. head linemaii ,Fire I\nd P(:'!ice Tel.; D. B. McIntyre;cbief lineman' Street Railwny Co:; F: :n~ynders.til charge Di~t','Tel. ' That IQoks all, right for union men. ,.' ,

Stick to thc Union, boys; You will be more respectel1 bYYIJ1!!" fellow. men. and it Is a grand thing. when you are sick or

. burt. You know you will bC'CRred for. Boys .of· No. 17. I·am very sorry'r can­

not ~e with you the night ofyaur ball. Il,S our own III Mclose. 'Hope"you will Imve a gool} time and put a smi'" sum In your treasury, I,hope'ln the ne::r 'future tO',be able: to pay :y~u~n'vi8!U '. '

bOtmLE,NELSON. .,

AMERICAN NATIONALITY. The terrible panic of 1857'drove the

people to desperation. :md caused the wac of 1861. A running 1brhtf'D!med for two years on the Missoul'i Rnd Kansas borders, till John Br.ownwent back to old Virginia and. started a.n insurrection :tmong the slaves and brol1ght·tb,':! thing to a head. Thirty-five years later~ a man from )Inssachusetts (~eil3tortodge) has just presented a bill ill the Senate to do a. part of wh3ttlley fought for' In the South; to chet'ke:llligr:ition; and only by an educatioIlal, qualifiCation to allow It. The vacant h~nds they meant to populate haTe been little popnlatedby cmigrants an~ the, clHlDtry- mndeworse off by them Inbablting thf',citles, Ill'd ·not',t.(le places they intended them to inhabit. This Is the tindesira.ble aspect of the whole af­Cair.. 'Wh{;n it .~~eolll"8 llcces,mry for this country to stanel as,.god~fatber to all I'e publics fn general. and th(l!'l{>.:on this hemisphere in partl~11r.r, it Isneces8:try tohnve a penple 'imbued \vith'rl'pllblican principles to their!uilest extent and not hai! heatie<!. ' .. , . ',: ..... .

, 'VhenJames' G.·· Bl:li-ne was 'C(lunt('d o11tfor the,~ood otCleveland; Gath ~n·ys, "A doubt remnins~et in ·th(!minds ·~f thinkiD%r meli ns. tl) the jllstk:e Qf . ti­eV{·lIt." He (BlaIne) said, "I am··ltn .<'\o:m",' lean citiz.;>n and <'Iemclld Il. be::!"fug'.'~ They ht!ard him •. but New .yorkblld d.:lne its work, and in' o~e of the ,ch:il'ges against

them he says, "The American .,COllle lITe Ignorant of their duties of citizenshI1);" Is it not the case? . I have talked to 'rope resentatlves of foreign lands .. 'TheY·in~ variably say we are thebig~est tools on earth. that we don't establish a "nation­ality" for this country. They say :l. Scotchman hunts a thistlE.>; a Dutchman the clover leaf and barley beards; un Irishman the harp and green flag; liut an· American furnishes gnn wadding for the whole affair. We go to London tor '9.l1r polltlcs; we go to Rome for 'Our rellgfon; we have produced nothing we ':can call our own. In patriotism we are not lack­In/r. for just as patriotic people live In California as do in Boston;' .. Portland. Oregon. as in Florida; Pittsburg nS"-ln Denver; Duluth as in New Orleans; but. an understanding Is lacking. the brother­hood of nationauty. A 'mee"of 'peollie can never be . bred to exceed 42 inches around the chest, and 71-2 inches brains. It will require that nmount to cover tbe

grand land area of the Federal, Union, and have the same affection for all the parts concerned and a -knowled~e of the same. Can we remain llospjtpble to· {,Jlcll other unless 'we know each otber bettf'r­and thc land we inhabit? I am afraid' not. We must know each other betier .. It will never do to trnst it longer to Im­agination. We are on dangerous ground from jnst what James G .. Blaine called ignorance. can we (''Ontinue to retniri our "Magna Uharter" of freedom"band~ ed down to us without a "nationality" fo!" ou!"selves? Nit. .'

HENRYHATT: Dubuque, Ia.

-------' A FEW LINES FROM NEW MEXI.CO'.

Well, brothers, I have no doubt some of you would like to heal' fl'om'New Mex­ico, so will endeavor to, give"youR little . account of it. I can ~o out here Without ,getting frozen or taking a .pint along: to keep out the cold, and all of you that know me know I would not. !lny way. Ducks are as plentl.ful here as icicles in, Dakota. Antelopes are also . plentiful •. while black-tall deer, jack rabbits. qu.'til and cotton-tail rabbit!! are numerous, and saDd8t~rmsai'e -abundant.

I suppose 'If my friend. Mr. B. H. John­son. of theS. W. Tel. &: Tel. Co .• bad an Idea that I would have gotten a job in this land of plenty. be'would have hnd me sent to jall as a terrible agitator, in­stead of firin/r me Bnd sending me out in. the cold world tostane. But I fooled him, and have eaten three 'Square meals. every day. He has started out to '!lown the Union, and is ,going to do It. I wouICl feel very sorry for the rest of the officers of theS. W. Tel. & 'tel. Co. If he would fire all of the Union men, :IS all he would have left would be fishing-pole trouble.­shooters. Well. I suppose this will not interest any ot you very Dluch, . -.'

I Jlope you will all quit politics now for' awhile. and get at Union work. That Is the way for us to /ret there. I 'Would like to sec a good report from every Lo­cal in each and : every "Worker." I see myoId friend.e. H. McNemee. of No. 67. gets a letter iu erery month;' but w-e miss a good many· others. Some of the Unions we wo"Uld never 'know anything ahout if it were not tor the :directory;

Well. I, will close. wishinl! each and every electrical wOl'ker:h merry Christ­mas and happy New Yenr ..

. . W. 13.JJOURTNEY, Edd~, N:' M.

. ".-- ~ .

J~nuaryJ rHE ELECTRICAL WORKER. =========-======-,

Directory of Local Unions. (secretaries will please furnish the necessary 1n­

formation to,mak,., this directory complete. Note that the time and place of meeting, the name of the P:'t:sident. the names and add.·esses of the Record­ing and Financial Secretaries are required.)

No. I, 8t. Lools.ltlf).-Meets every Tue"day at S. e. cor. 21st and Frankliti avenue. M. L. Durkin. Pres .• 2223 Wash st.;,'John Hisserich, R. S., 1827 N. 2M st.; J. P. Casey. F. S .• Z;oz Spring avo .

No.2, Hllwauk_, Wis.-Meets 1st and 3d Sat­lUdays at u. W. 'COr. Jd ,and Pmirie sts., 3d floor. !at. J. Quirk, Pres., 87 2ith st.; Wm. Hogan. R. S .• J90\'an Buren st.: Geo. Poehlman, F. S .. M7 24M st

No. '8, Denver. CO~.-E. L. Layne. Pres .• 101i l!)th at.; Geo. P. Mann.ng. Sec .• 1633 Lawrence st.

No. 4., Now Orlea~s, La.-Meets 1st and 3d Tuesdays at Carondelet and Perdido sts. J. Mc· Gregor, Pres., 2W Rousseau st.; C. 1\1. Hale, R. S .• 630 St. Mary st.; R.. B. Joyce, F. S .. ~l S. Bassin st.

No. G,.San Francille", Cal.-Meets 2nd and 4th Wednesdays at Forester's Hall, 20 Eddy st. A. C. Johnsou. Pres-, 808 Mission st,: J. J. Cameron, Il.S .. 810 Mission st.; J. R.Fulton, F. S .. 428 Geary 5t.

No. '7" Sprtugfield, Mass.-Meets everv Wednesday at room 14, Barnes Blk. Wm. Gr"g/i, I'res., 107 Bancroll st.; T. H. Bowen, R. S .• 216 Hub­bard av.; JOs. 'McGilvray,'F. S .• 34 Gray avo

No.8. Toledo, 0.- Meets every Tuesday at Friendship Hall, cor.: Jefferson and Summit sts. P. Crowlev; Pres .• Sl2 Vance st.; Jas. Burns, R. S., 1Z18 Broadway; W. Welsh; F. S., 1907 Cherry st.

No.9, Chicago, III.-Meets every Saturday at 100 E. 'Randolph st.' A. F. Snider, Pres., 3433 State st.; L. Christenson. R. S •• IOU S. Irving ave.; A. McFarlane, F, S .• 5657 Princeton avo

No. 10, In.llanapolls,'lnd.-Meets 1st and 3rd Monday at 29~.W. Pearl st. John Berry, Pres .. care of headquarters Fire Dept.; E. Bussele, R. S .. 48i N. Illinois st.; 2. C. Hartung. F. S .• Rooms 5-7 Cyclorama Bldg. ': ' .

No. 11~ Terre Haote, Ind.-Meets 2d and 4th Tuesdays at 8th and Main sts. C. D. Updegraff, Pres •• Sl9 S. Ninth st.; !If. Davis, R.S .. 918 N. 9th st.; W. H. Sclmller, F. S •• 114 N. 14th st.

No. 12, Evansville, Ind.-Meet every Tuesday at cor. 3rd and SYC1lmore st. Harry Fisher, Pres., m Clark st.; A. L. Swanson. R. S .• 1054 Water st; A. N. Grant. F. S .. 202 Clark st.

No. 14, Memphis;"Tenn. - Chas. E. Blake. Pres •• ' 70 Mulbenj st.; J. A. Myles. Sec •• Zln De Soto st. ,

No. 16, Phliadelphla, Pa.-Meets every Tues­day at 'U1 Spring Garden st. E. G. Bo).'le. Pres .. I'eJJn. Farmers' Hotel. 3d aud Callowhllt sts.; E. Hennessy. R. S .. lS18'Fr~uch st.; Chas. T. Lang. F, S •• 829 Race st.

No.16, Lynn. Mass.-Meet at General Elec­tric Band Room, 9M South st. Jas. Robson. Pres., 46 W. Neptune st.; C. W. Perkins. R. S .• 6 Allen's Court; E. J. 1\Ialloy. F. S., 86 Cottage st.

No. 17,' Detroit, ltlieh. - Meets 1st and 3d Thursdays at Trades Council Hall,214 Randolph at. W. J. Qonovan. Pres .. 376 Orleans st.: Geo. H. Brown, R. S •• SO Lewis st.; P. F. Andrich;F. S .• 369 Chene st.

No. 18, ,Kansas City, ltlo.-Meets 2d and ~th Friday&.atlU~ Walnut st. J. J. Lync:b. Pres., 716 Delaware st.; C. F. Drollinger. R, S .. 3216 Garfield av .. Kansas City, Kas.; J. H. Lynn. F. S •• 1632 Jefferson st. .

No. 19, Chtcago, ,nt.-Meets 1st and 3d Tues­days at 6512 Cottage Grove avo M. J. Sullivan, Pres .. 4951 Princeton av.; G. W. Richart, R. S .. 5610 S. Halsted st.; D. Pearce, F. S .• J5.IO Wentworth avo

No. 21, Wheeling, lV. Va.-Meets 1st and 3d Tuesdays at Trades Assembly Hall. H. F. Wyse, Pres.; Box Ul; C. I.. ,Ullery. R. S.; Box lIl; W. J. Clark. F. S .. McClure House.

No. 22, Omaha, Neb;'- Meets every 1st and 3dWednesdaysat Labor Temple, 17th &"Dongtas st. J. W. Watters, Pres .• 2111 Pierce st.; M. J. Curmn, R. S .• 1814 St. Mary's av.; M. T. Castor. F. S., 421 S.18th at. '

No. 23, St. Panl, Minn.-Meets 2d and 4th Fri­days at ·Labor Hall. 3rd aud Wabasha sts. Jno. O'Donnell. Pres .. 4th, and Wabasha sts.; Thos. O'Toole, R. 5 .• 3.33 E. 6th 8t.; F. Volk, I'. S., 175 W. 6tb st.

No. 24, Minneapolls, l'Ilnn.-l\leets.15t.and lrdWednesdays at 34 and 36 6th st. S. Geo. Heilig. Pr ...... 18 9th st.: L. R.Stevens, R. S .. 18 Western RV.; A. Aune. F. S .. 3lZ'l Longfellow avo

No. 25, Duluth, l\Iinn.-!IIC<'ts 2d and -tth Thursdays at room 6 Banning Blk., J. D. Hayes. Prell;, careof Crowley F.lect. Co.; L. P. Runkle, R. S .• llOW. Superior st.; les.F. Owens. F. S .. -t14 E.lstst.

No. 26, Wnshin;;1,on, D. C.-l\!~ds everv Fri­day Ilt Sl)811tn st. N. W. Ja,..Patterson. Pres.,Il27 L?fu ~t. N. W.; S. :1-1. Wilder. R. S .• SOB 11th st. N. Vl.; R. F. l\t~izel. F. S .• S09l1th st. N. W.

No. 27, H&.:timf)re, :tId.'-Meets every Monday at Hall. cor. F"yett~ aud Park avs. C. F. Leitz. Pres .• 5{)u S. Pula~l;i st.: J. P. Jones, R. S .. HI4 ;'{o,sher st.; F, H. k.u~s"lI. 1o·.S .• 1408 Asquith st.

No. 28,~Lc;-.r..i~=v-tlie.,..Jt)£-!\·leetsi~ !lO--t :ld ..... ,~:~.~~ days at R""kJ,iall.,lst,s,t, near Jel'ierscn Cr,lvia Beach. Pt"s:.l(}~ W. Mati<et st.: Rd. H~rpt. R.-S., 607 Magnolia st.; Jno. C. Deibel, r. S .. 418 15th st.

No. 29, Atlanta, Ga.-Meets every Sunday at 61M AlaDama st. Geo. Foster, Pres., 100 Walker st.: D. J. ,K .. rr, R. S., 114 Richardson st.; Geo. Ray­mer,1? S.:"lZlRl1od~s,st.", '." "'" ' ...

No. 3O;·Cl""ln~a~i.,d.-J',feets lSI ilncl3d Mon­days at 1.)6'~. Ci.l:lrl.st';· W: V.'Uliarus, Pres., lb Mitchell ave., Mt. Auburn; . II. C.' Genrich. R. S .. 4Zll E. 5th st.; J. F. lIarmuth, F. S., 2158 Vernon st .. Clifton Heights.

,No. 31:; Jersey Cit)" N. 'J.-Meets 2d and 4th Th!!rsdays at ilb Ne\ ... ~t:l;: avo Thoi;,. Watson, Pres., S13 Jersey av.; F. J. Aud~oc, R.~ .. 228 Washing­ton st.: T, L. Jones, F. S:. 137 Grand st;

No. 32, Paterson, N. J .-Meets 1st and 3d Mon­days at ~erman Union Hall. J. F. Colvin, Pres., 963 Mad.son av.; JOs. Maher. R. S., 348 Grand st .• Paterson Heights. Paterson, N.J.; John Kane. F.S .• 274 Hamilton av; ,

No. 33, Newark;·N.'J.-!\leets every Monday evening at No. 58 Williams' st." W: J. Curtis, Pres .• 12 Beach st; J. M. Eder, ,R. S., 18q,Market st.; W. E. Rosseter. F. S .. 175 Sherman.av.

No. 34, Brooklyn, N. ¥.-Meets 2d and 4th Saturdays at Peters' Hall, 360 Fulton st. E. W. Latham. Pres .• 151 Giltes av.; G. M. Leggett. R. S .• 281 Adelphi st.; G. C. Paine, F. S .• 151 Gates avo

No. 35, Boston, Mass. - Meets every Wed­nesday at Well's Memorial llall. 987 \\'ashington st. J. Larkin, Pres .• 13 Cambridge st.; D. McGilli­vray. R. S., i Humboldt Park Way; R. H. Bradfo,·d. F. S., 6 Temple 8t.

No. 36, Sacramento, Cal.-Walter Ross, Pres., 1030 G st.; R. A. Fisk, R. S .• l3l~ 3d st.: Gus. Flana­gan, F. S .• S30 M st.

No. 3'7, Hartford, Conn.-Meets 1st and 3d Fridays at. Central Union Labor Hall, 11 Centml Row. uI. F. Owens. Pres .. 63 Hawthorne st.; D. F.

, Cronin, R.S., 49 Windsor st.; C. E. Byrne. F. S .• 16 John st.

No. 38, Cleveland, O.-Me~ts every Thursdav at 393 Ontario st. R. M. Ross. Pres ... 33M Colgafe st.: Tom Wheeler, R. S .. J78 Franklin av.; J. E. Suloff. F. S .• 28 Norton st. '

No. 39, Providence, R. I.-Meets 1st and 3d Mondays at Phrenix Bldg, 157 Westminster st. H. B. Kelly, Pres., 1950 Westminster st.; M. L. Carder. R. S .. 40 Wilson st.; G. D. Higgins. F. S •• 8 Car­penter st.

No. 40, St. Joseph, Mo.-Meets every Monday at north-west corner 8th and Locust 8tS., "Brock­aw's Hall." R. M. Martin, l'res .. 1702 N. 3d st.; Wm. Dorsel, R. S .• lilO Calhoun st; F. A. Dunn, F. S .. 418 N. 20th st.

No. 41,Philadelphia, Pa.;"';l\leets everyThurs­day at n. e. Cl)r. 8th and CaUowhill sts.; Geo. A. Neal. Pres .• 36216 Wharton;;t.; E. H. B. Chew, R. S .. 2953 N. 15th st.; W. C. Fisher.F. S .. 28S4 Park aVe .

No. 43, Syracnse, N • .'Y.-E. F. Lester. Pres .• 133 Bassett st.; G.~. Davenport. R. S .. 5:.3 Sey­mour st.: Chas.A. M.ller. F.S .. 906 Montgomery st.

No. 44, Rochester, N. ¥.-F. M. Kehoe. Pres .• 21 Costar st.; Wm. A. Breese. R. S •• 56th 4th st.; Fred Fish. F. S .• 123 State st.

No. 45, Buffalo, N. Y.-Meets 1st and 3rd Sat­urdays at Council Hall.' Wm. Haley. Pres .. 262 Pearl st.; Chas. Guyton. R. S •• 124 Swan av.; C. E. Stinson. F. S .. 21 Terrace st.

No. 46, Rending, Pa.-Lucian Bowman, Pres.' Harry Weidner, R. S,. 225 Pearl st.; W. S. Hoffman: F. S .• I09 Peach st.

No. 48, Ft. Wayne, Ind.-Meets 1st and 3rd Fridays at cor. of Main and Clinton sts. R. Bar­tel. Pres., Hotel Tremont: A. J. Lathouse, R. S .• /is Hoffman st.; G. B. Taylor, F. S., 31 Douglas avo

No. 49,'Bloomington, IIl.-l'oIeets 2d and 4th Mondays at Trades Assembly Hall. C. F. Snyder. Pres .. Box lOIS; W. C. Gorey. R. S .• 409 S. Lee st.; W. F. Witty. F. S .. 303 N. Gridley st.

No. 51, Scranton, Pa.-Jail. Harding, Pres •• 601 Meridiau st.; P. Campbell. R. S., 1210 Irving av.; Ruben Robins, F. S., 1223 Hampton st.

No. 52, Davenport, la.-Meets 1st and 3d Tuesday: A. L. Wheeler, Pres" ,Hotel Downs; J. H. Clark, Sec .. 215 Iowa st.

No. 53, Harrisburg. .P.JL-C.A.Swager. Pres .• 115M ~farket st.; Jas. Emminger. R. S .. 1S N. 15th st,; C. Anderson, F. S .. 46 Summitt st.

No. 54, Peoria, III.-Meets 1st and' 3rd Wed. uesdays at 301 Main st. H. S~hearer. Pres., ;t19 W. Jefferson st.; Ha~ Duutl, 'R. S .• East Peoria; L. C. Crawley, F. S .. 113 Washington st.

No. 57, Salt Lake City, Ut,ah.-Meet~ 2d and 4th wednesdays. R. l>i .. yr. Pres., Zl-t W.1st South st.: John Poland, R. S" Zl-tW.lst South st.; E. Mill. F. S., 15 W. 1st South st ..

No. 58, West Superior, "" •• -Meets 1st and 3rd Wednesdays at rooms 3 and 41602 Jd st. R. F. Pfleger, Pr~s .. Superior Water, Light & Power Co.· G. C. Hehl. R. S .. 405 Hughitt av.: H. Burdette', F. S., 1819 Banlts avo

19

No. 59, Paducah, l{y.-J. B. Eretts. Pres .. No.:! J<;ngin" House; W. S, Nelson. R. S., Z20 S. 4th st.; W. A. Koeueman, F. S:, Z20 S. 4th st.

No. 60, San A.ntonio, Tex._Meets 1st and 3d Saturdays. Meyers' Hall, Alamo Plaza. T. L. Rose. Pres .. 215 Powder-house st.; E. Kuhlman, R. S .• 222 Salina st.; C. A. Davis, F. S .• lis 'l'ravis st.

No. 61, Los Angeles, Cal.-Wtn. Tubman, Pres. Station 2; Chas. Viall. R. S .. Station 5; C. P. Loft­house. F. S .• 746 San Julian st.

No. 62. Kalamazoo, Mich.-A. D. Ayres. Pr~s.', S34 S. Burdick st.: I.. Bellman. 'R. S .• 540 Pine st.; G. E. Tifft, F •. S •• 324 Sarah st.

No. C,3, Tampa, Fla.-Theo. Clinn. Pres .. Pt. Tampa City; W. F. Crofts, R. S .• 'lock box l.6+; Arthur D. Henry. F. S .• box 220.

No. 65. Butte, Mont.-Meets 1st and 3d Sun­days in ,Pioneer Ass"mbly K. of P. Hall. :'>1. & B. Blk. Vic POissant, Pres., with 1\Iont. Elect. Co.; D. J. Winslow. R. S" 103 E. Granito st.; A. G. El­lerick, F. S .. General Del.

No. 66, Uouston, Tex.-Meets every Monday. G. O. Wood, Pres .. 1214 Providence st.; 'A. H. Stelle, R. S .• 12 Main st.; W. V. Fisk, F. S •• care Telephone office. . . . ,

No. 67, Quincy, III.-Meets 2nd and 4th Wednesdays at Trades Assembly Hall, So. 5th st. W. F. Wagner, Pres .. 641 Locust st.: S. L. P"ve­house. R. S., 1413 Spring st.; D. 1\1. Mallinson. F. S •• 1120 Vine st.

So:6l1"Llttle Rock, Ark.-G. , .... Wilson. Pres .• care Brown Machine Co.; C. J. Griffith. R. S .. care L. R. Tract. & EI. Co.; W. N. Drogoon, F. s .. 1509 W. 3d st.

No. 69, Dallas, TeX.-Meets 1st and 3rd Satur­day at Labor Hall. S. D. Claiborne, Pres .. HI San Jacinto st.: W. H. Younl!'. R. S .. 118 Trinadad av.: F. G. Montgomery. F. S., 19.0 Collins st.'

No. 70, Schenectady, N. ¥.-l'rteets 2d aud4th Tuesdays at Trades AssetnJ>ly Hall, cor. Centre and Stat" ::to. F. Litzeudorf. Pres., Crane st:. Mt. Pleasant: Geo. Miller, R. S .• 3Z Ellis st.; J. D. Betting. F. S., 626 Villa road.

No. '71, Galveston; Tex. - Meets Zd and 4th Wednesday,.. J. T_ Payne, Pres .• 1314 Centre st.; F. J. SchalJert. R. S .• 1S14 Church st.; G. L. Gar-rett. F'. S .• 2108 Av. L. , '

No. '72, Danville, IIl.-G. M. Girton, Pres .• 319 Franklin st.: Jas. MerriU. Sec .. car" of Am. Tel. &: Tel. Co.

No. '73, Spokane, W .... b, ,- ~!eets 1st and 3"d Thursdays at Oliver Hall. 330U Riverside avo C. C. Van Inwegen. Pres .. ISO; Uuon av.; T. H. Dentet. R. S .. bOlt 635: Gus. Pagel .F. S .• Box 635. '

No. '74, Fall Itl".er, },\lass.":"Meeto,every Mon­day at cor. Main and Bedford sts. W" I. White, Pres .. 59 !l0wen st:~'l!'s, MurphV. R. S .• 100 4th st.; Thos. Blule''', F. S., 1." SlIell at.

No. 75, ~ranrl R,aplds, ltllcb.-Merts 1st and 3d Fridsya. J. O. Aldrich, Pres .. care City 'Fire Dep·t: F. M. Ruck, R. iii .. 16 W. Broadway; G. H. Hi!igins, F. S .. fo~ Plt:nsant st.. ,

]lio. 78, Saginaw, ltlicb.-Jas. ~IO?!tins. Pres .• 1309 Janes st.; ,Robt. Crawford, R ..... ,.,,, Gage 'st.; Chas. Ross. 10'. 5 .. P. O. bol< 225; E. S.

No. 79, Austin, Tex.-Meets 'every Thursday night, at l\Iac~abee Hall. J. L. Vorkaufer. Pres .. 1206 ~an Jac,nto st.; Chas. J. Jackson, R. !' ..

'!\Iayor's office; B. Y. Lc:>vejor, F. S.,I09-1IlE. 7th st.

PAlRONlZE .. lU!ION CLERKS. AU members of the R. C. ~. P ••• can show thl; card.

Ask for It when maklnp your purchases. End.r .. d b, tho A. F • • , L.

ONE-THIRD AOTUAI. SIZE.,

COLOR IS CHANGED EACH QUARTER. GOt.Id et'lv ="·riD~tnoT.~l:, "I'med 'n lo~f!1' 'eft hlll.d ('.mJe.,. and ..,beo

properl, .I~ aD4 STAMPED with Ibe Dumber of 'he Local.

ELECTRICAL WORKERS &E."~D m YOUR ORDERS FOR ••••

EMBLEMATi~

BUTTONS

A large Supply on hand. Solid Gold. $1.00 each. Rolled Gold, SOc each.

J_ T. KELLY, Orand Secretary, 90f Olive Street. ST. LOUIS. MO.

I

ELECTRICITY • • • ~ 0- •

,....r~'A· T._ T·L-~ 11 T j. U' IH .• 1 1

[January

BY IvlAIL. Thorough Practical InstructIon: in' the Operation Installation of Electric Light, Po\v~r and Ra ih,vay

, ana

Plants. 'DYNAMO TENDERS, LINEMEN, WIREM.EN, ARMATURE AND MAGNET \'VINDE~SAi'iD OTHER ELEf:JRICAL

WORKERS CAN FIT THEMSELVES fOR A.DVANCEMENT. . ._----- ------:: --.---

" . Electricians and other ~rkingmen who deire to ad",,"nce to hig-l.\er i i and more remuuerative positions should educate themselves in the thee;;'.. Ii ~f thdi'trades; They can do this by the correspondence syst= of .the. 'iI lntemational Correspondence Schools, Scranton, 1'a. N" other educa- !i tional iustitution so fully meets the needs of workingmen in their efforts.' Ii

. to "4IlCl,te tbeuu;elves.. ' . ,,'''. . .... i i . In these Schools studies are carried on at home und", th,,, directi"n 'of . ; I

competent instructors who direct the student and assi.t 111m in his studic's:·· il No tUne need be,lost from work.' No tat·books are required.. instruction ... :\ IUld Qn<:s~ion l'aJ>ft'l5 and Drawing. Plates have been prepared especially· ~ ji for O'olr stu,lents, at an expense t:Xceeding One Hundred Thousand IloUars.· I: ',l"hese are furnished .free. Tbe instruction is thorough and practical. The li student is started at tbe 'begi"'ning of every subject witb additio!! in Arithmetic, and DO matter how little he knows, even though he can cnly' ! i 1'Old and write, if be win study we caD teach him. No time is wftstf!d iu ! i studying useless matter, but nothing of value is omitter\. Our"Iustruct<>rs 11 are practical men who know just what workingmen should leam to P " .I quaUfy themselves .Ior advancement. II

II . THE ELECTKlCAL POWER AND J.IGII'I'INGSCHOLARSIIIP. il .. This course embraces the Decessary instruction in !olntbmaties'and -' 11 Mechanics to "'Iable the student to understand the prin~iples discuss~d. \,

and make tae calculations iequi~eJ in tM. class of work, and al!>O sti!" .6cient practice in ~echanica1 Drawing to '1"a!ify him t" .. mak" Ileat and accurat" drawings. Then follows instruction in the pr;tlcip:Cs cnd cc;>n· structi~'n of dynamos and motors; iii rules governing' thE: electrical resist­ance· and c.arTy-ing capacity of wires; in the use of instruments for t,..sting; in rulea illr calcnlating tbe electro-motive lorce 01 dynlUt:05; in the mcth·· 00. .. of winding used for various types of direct and "Hematiu€" Ctt"~eut lllRchines, and in locating and r~edying ff!u1ts ~~!iich ruaj"p l~velcp io

. electrical machinery. Tbe arrangement and the eqltiplllent of and the cUstribution or power from central stations is cove~ed in detail. illCIuding­t!l~ cousc:uction of pole lines and underground or conduit syst"m~. Til" pdnclpl~ of arc and incandescent lamps are fully .e.,,<plaincd. all'~ both ~treet and ill.terior wiring and lighting are tBUgl;lt.· The construction. ~qr.ipmenf'lnd operation of electric 5tT~t ·railway": is treated;n accord­ance witb the most approved methods.. Electricil.y as .u~ilizP.d ior .aiuing lIurpoSes. in operating fans, pumps, hoisting machlaery and haulage sys­tem's, coal cutting and boring machines, drills, ore crusher~.·s:(\ml' mi11~· a",d ~oa~e~t.iators; and for blasting aud Signaling is also taught: The instruction fully covers wiring for light/and bell work and other pUr,><)ses, and tlle installation of electricbeU and signal systems, b'Jrglar alld ure:' al/mus.

l .

. We a180 tea~h Steam Eng1neerlnga-Sta.tionary. LOCOlllOth·., ';r jIt&rin~; ··l\l .. .,liuriicnl Drawin~;· Mechanics; Ar~hitecture; Ar<:hitecturaJ Dr"l~ng·",nnd. Designing:; Heating Dn.l Ventilation; Plumhb.g un,l Gas );'itUr.g;.CivU Enl.;!neering; HydrauUcEngineering;: ltailro"d En.o'n(.eYing; Bridge Engineering; 1\lunlclpal Engineering; Sun-eliil!;· ariel 1\lnj>plug; Co:.;' amI 1\letal ~1.bung; l'ro.p"etbg; EngU .. ll Branch.es) nook-keeping and Businen Fonns. 1\Jention the ~je~'lii whi~ y~U'·a",e interested and Bend for f...,e dl:cuJ.ru" .. rod book of ~.QOO t-e!t.!m'.IJiials .fro~ Atndents. "Writ" to . .

THE INTERNATIOXAL CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOLS, Box 1029, Scranton, pa. . .. ~ . . ... .

PATENT AND TRADE-MARK LAWYERS

Patents Obtained Trade-Marks Registered.

SOl) RIAtTO BLDG.,

ST •. LOUiS, H.O •.

KNIGHT BROTHERS

WM~ H. BRYAN, M. AM. SOC. M."S. n. H. tml"lPHREY, M .• s.

MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL E~GINEERS

Electric I.lgbt, Rmlway and Power, waterWorks, Sl .. .run Heating, Steam and Power Plants,

E:~omk Shop Arrangement, Designing Special Tools, Consultatiouz, Estimates, Pinns, Specifica· tio:ts~ .SuperintCl!1.c:l<:e, E,...a.minations, Tests, Re-pc.ru and Purchasing. . .

~uom=t .. ~~~, ~urn.e,. Bu1i6lluK.

Longan, Higdon

ST. LOU~.

ATTORNEYS •• AT·LAW

«Higdon Pntents Obtained and Draw~ . Ings Made oi Comple><

••••••.•••. t;;le.;t:i('.al.·ln,·entions.

ST ~ LOUI~d Fellows Bid'g, 2nd =':oor, Entlance 206. • - ..

W ASHINOTON-Room 48. Pacifie 31dg. Op. Patent· Office.

A. ~·v~~~:~o &~Ol'. E S BUCKEYE I N CO-::PL~!! RUNNING ~ . POWeR PLP."".·S. ~ N' u 50 TO '1000 H.?

E . SIMPLE AND'COMPOUN·O.

6200LIVE~T ....... ST. LOUIS. .--.------==-~..=::=~.

fs the Best Hclth'g • •• Made _ ••

Patent R f· dB" .. r~ .• Le~'~:rrn~~ey . a\Vlt e" elt. ~ SHULTZ BELTING f;OMPAHY, ST. LOmS, -MO.

Nltw YORK; ~. Y., ZZS Pesrl St., BOSTOl':,1iASS.,1.(j4 Summer St., PmI.ADEI,PHLi..,J:'A., 129 N .·'l'hil"ll St.,

============~==~.,~.==~=======-

Agents in all :&' '·'ucipal Cities. .

A. B. LAURENCE, !';la!leg.er. GEO. T. KELLY, )iamager. JA~. GARNE;fT. ,Manager.

~... {) C:PER MONTH FOR ONE YE~R WILL PAY FOR .••• wl. L LJ The E!ectrical Worker's Course THE CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL OF TECHNOLOGY,

CLEVELAND, OHIO. Ask the Secretary'of yeur lodge, oT~er.d to the Szhool fllr I ib,p.ral Colnm h;sio "s,

·part·;Cl!18rs .. a!ld·e~dal rates to N. B. E. "\v. .......

Make a· S,f.~r~ N'ov-- 'I'his ,,"iU pay yeu ,;",·"ra; !It1ndrec ;>~~ Ct"t. C .t..c:I'. 60 • f. TO E.~KN MQRi~, '!.EA1<.N lIIOkE