office task lighting and plug loads controls -...

California Statewide Utility Codes and Standards Program

4/27/2010

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Office Task Lighting and

Plug Loads Controls

Heschong Mahone Group, Inc.

February 24, 2011

CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM

Office Task Lighting

2/24/2011 CA Utilities 2013 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes

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Summary of Code Change Proposals

● Mandatory requirements:

● Automatic shut-off control of electric circuits

serving office task lighting and certain other

plug loads

● Same as general lighting shut-off controls

● Same control technologies

● Time Switch /Occupancy Sensor / others

● Dual receptacles: controlled ones will be

marked differently




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Energy Savings Analysis

● Which plug loads can be controlled

● Controllable plug loads

● When can they be switched off

● Control schedule ↔ control technology

● Three levels of overall building controls

● How much loads (W) can be switched off

● Task lighting/plug load quantity and operation

LBNL and ECOS research: comprehensive plug load data




Energy Savings – Controllable Plug Loads

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Category Controllable Non-

controllable

Timer

Control

Occupancy Sensor Control

Private

Office

Conference

Room

Task Lighting Desk attachment lamp

Table lamp Y Y

Computer &

Monitor

CRT

LCD

Desktop

computer

Laptop

Computer

Thin Client

Y Y

Imaging Laser MFD

Inkjet MFD

Laser Printer

Inkjet Printer

Wide Format Printer

Document scanner

Fax machines

Y

Audio/Video

Computer speakers

Portable CD player

Portable Stereo

Table Radio

Y Y




Energy Savings – Controllable Plug Loads

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Category Controllable Non-

controllable

Timer

Control

Occupancy Sensor

Control

Private

Office

Conference

Room

Audio/Video Television, LCD

DVD player

Video Projector

CD Player

Speakers

Subwoofer

Y Y

Others Adding machine

Shredder

Stapler

Electric typewriter

Telephone Y

Portable fan,

Portable space heater

Battery

chargers Y Y

Kitchen

Appliance

Coffee Grinder

Coffee Maker

Toaster oven

Microwave oven

Water Dispenser

Vending Machine

Hot Beverage Dispenser

Refrigerator Y




Energy Savings – Schedules and Levels

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● Control Schedules

Control Type Control Period % of Time

Timer controls Non-business 66%

OC sensor control Non-business + Away-from-desk 79%

Non-business + Out-of-office 70%

OC sensor in

conference room

Non-business + Empty room 86%

Level Timer Control Occupancy Sensor

Level 1 All spaces NA

Level 2 copy rooms / kitchen

open-space cubicles

Private offices / conference rooms

Level 3 Copy rooms / kitchen Private offices / conference rooms

open-space cubicles

● Three levels of building controls




Energy Savings – Amount of Load

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● Plug load densities depend on building sizes

● Plug load power states

● Active / Idle / Sleep / Standby / Disconnected

● Plug load operation status (% in power state)

Task Lights Monitors Others in

Workstation Imaging

Conf-room

Appliance

Non-

Business

Hours

Away-

From-

Desk

Out-

Of-

Office

Non-

Business

Hours

Away-

From-

Desk

Out-Of-

Office

Non-

Business

Hours

Away-

From-

Desk

Out-

Of-

Office

Non-

Business

Hours

Non-

Busines

s Hours

Empty

Conferenc

e Room

Active 5% 41% 5% 10% 55% 10% 0% 19% 0% 0% 0% 3%

Idle 0% 0% 0% 15% 15% 15% 26% 40% 26% 15% 23% 22%

Sleep 0% 0% 0% 0% 15% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 9%

Standby 4% 17% 4% 35% 15% 35% 62% 62% 62% 65% 56% 64%

Disconn

ect 92% 44% 92% 40% 0% 40% 12% 2% 12% 20% 21% 5%




Energy Savings – Small Prototype

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Small Office Building Characteristics

# Story 2

Area (sf) 10,000

#Occupants 33

# Private offices 18

# Cubicles 13

Task

Lights

Monitors

Workstation

Audio/ Video

Workstation

Others

Imaging Conference

appliance

Kitchen

appliance

Density

(units/1000 sf) 5.0 4.0 4.1 1.1 2.1 0.4 1.2

Non-Business Hours

(W/1000 sf) 9.9 37.4 8.4 1.4 13.8 0.9 3.2

Away-From-Desk Hours

(W/workstation) 22.4 35.3 3.1 2.8 - - -

Out-Of-Office

(W/Workstation) 3.0 11.3 2.5 0.5 - - -

Conference Hours

(W/conference room) - - - - - 7.4 -




Energy Savings – Large Prototype

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Large Office Building Characteristics

# Story 10

Area (sf) 175,000

# Occupants 730

# Private offices 190

# Cubicles 540

Task

Lights

Monitors

Workstation

Audio/ Video

Workstation

Others

Imaging Conference

appliance

Kitchen

appliance

Density

(units/1000 sf) 6.3 5.4 5.1 2.1 2.5 1.0 0.4

Non-Business Hours

(W/1000 sf) 12.5 51.2 10.5 2.7 17.1 2.8 3.7

Away-From-Desk Hours

(W/workstation) 22.4 38.3 3.0 5.6 - - -

Out-Of-Office

(W/Workstation) 3.0 12.3 2.5 0.5 - - -

Conference Hours

(W/conference room) - - - - - 34.1 -




Energy Savings - Summary

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Level 1 Level 2 Level 3

Small Office 0.56 0.66 0.74

Large Office 0.75 0.82 1.00

Level 1 Level 2 Level 3

Small Office Average $8,086 $9,248 $10,196

Minimum $7,087 $8,579 $9,740

Maximum $8,657 $9,721 $10,589

Large Office Average $188,435 $202,032 $238,423

Minimum $165,196 $182,622 $227,909

Maximum $201,735 $214,193 $247,558

● Annual Unit Energy Savings (kWh/sf)

● PV of Life Cycle Benefits (TDV method)




Costs – Control Equipment

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● Automatic time control – control panels

● Lighting control panels

● Controllable breaker panels

● Occupancy sensors

● High-voltage wall switches

● Occupancy sensor linked to a relay controller




Costs – System Incremental Costs

● Base case: 2008 T24 general lighting controls

● Control panel – four baseline designs

● Occupancy sensor control for private offices & conference rooms

● Proposed designs

● Control panel - adding channels/upgrade

● Occupancy sensor controls – Two types

● Other costs

● Dual circuit wiring

● Labor costs for control installation & configuration

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Costs – Central Control Configurations

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BASELINE A DUAL CIRCUIT CONTROL

DUAL CIRCUIT CONTROL

BASELINE B


Option A-1

Option B-1

Option B-2




Costs – Central Control Configurations

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BASELINE C


BASELINE D DUAL CIRCUIT CONTROL

Option C-1

Option C-2

Option D-1




Costs – Occupancy Sensors Configurations

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BASELINE

OCCUPANCY SENSOR CONTROL

OCCUPANCY SENSOR CONTROL




Costs – Detailed Cost Assumptions

● General cost assumptions

● $86.11/hr labor, no additional maintenance costs

● Control panel system cost

● Low / high estimate of number of controlled circuits

● Incremental equipment cost

● Additional wiring: 1.27 hr labor/100 ft wire installed (RS Means)

● 2 hr labor/panel for additional relay installation and programming

● Occupancy sensor system cost

● Number of occupancy sensors (dependent on bldg prototype)

● Wall switch type: 0.35 hr labor/occupancy sensor (RS Means)

● Relay box type: 0.7 hr labor/occupancy sensor and controller

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Costs - Summary

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Design

Options

Small Office Large Office

Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3

Wall

Switch Relay

box Wall

Switch Relay

box Wall

Switch Relay

box Wall

Switch Relay

box

A-1 Low $2,164 $1,984 $4,461 $2,549 $7,353 $25,955 $27,404 $53,415 $48,373 $171,044

High $2,380 $2,369 $4,846 $2,741 $7,545 $37,838 $34,554 $60,565 $50,160 $172,831

B-1 Low $5,496 $6,179 $8,656 $6,478 $11,282 $49,952 $59,557 $85,568 $84,165 $206,836

High $5,474 $6,523 $9,000 $6,723 $11,527 $58,699 $62,632 $88,643 $88,246 $210,917

B-2 Low $2,508 $2,328 $4,806 $2,721 $7,525 $29,399 $30,849 $56,860 $50,095 $172,766

High $2,725 $2,713 $5,190 $2,913 $7,717 $41,282 $37,998 $64,009 $51,882 $174,553

C-1 Low $1,798 $2,481 $4,959 $3,026 $7,830 $19,581 $29,336 $55,347 $56,382 $179,053

High $1,676 $2,774 $5,251 $3,318 $8,123 $27,321 $34,205 $60,216 $62,257 $184,928

C-2 Low $5,152 $5,834 $8,312 $6,306 $11,110 $46,508 $56,113 $82,124 $82,443 $205,114

High $5,129 $6,178 $8,655 $6,550 $11,355 $55,254 $61,688 $87,699 $89,024 $211,695

D-1 Low $1,164 $1,547 $4,024 $2,092 $6,896 $7,831 $15,173 $41,184 $43,226 $165,897

High $947 $2,045 $4,523 $2,590 $7,394 $8,334 $16,480 $42,491 $45,538 $168,209




Cost Effectiveness Results - BCR

● All three levels are cost effective

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Design

Options

Small Office Large Office

Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3

Wall

Switch Relay

box Wall

Switch Relay

box Wall

Switch Relay

box Wall

Switch Relay

box

A-1 Low 3.7 4.7 2.1 4.0 1.4 7.3 7.4 3.8 4.9 1.4

High 3.4 3.9 1.9 3.7 1.4 5.0 5.8 3.3 4.8 1.4

B-1 Low 1.5 1.5 1.1 1.6 0.9 3.8 3.4 2.4 2.8 1.2

High 1.5 1.4 1.0 1.5 0.9 3.2 3.2 2.3 2.7 1.1

B-2 Low 3.2 4.0 1.9 3.7 1.4 6.4 6.5 3.6 4.8 1.4

High 3.0 3.4 1.8 3.5 1.3 4.6 5.3 3.2 4.6 1.4

C-1 Low 4.5 3.7 1.9 3.4 1.3 9.6 6.9 3.7 4.2 1.3

High 4.8 3.3 1.8 3.1 1.3 6.9 5.9 3.4 3.8 1.3

C-2 Low 1.6 1.6 1.1 1.6 0.9 4.1 3.6 2.5 2.9 1.2

High 1.6 1.5 1.1 1.6 0.9 3.4 3.3 2.3 2.7 1.1

D-1 Low 6.9 6.0 2.3 4.9 1.5 24.1 13.3 4.9 5.5 1.4

High 8.5 4.5 2.0 3.9 1.4 22.6 12.3 4.8 5.2 1.4




Specifics of Code Change Proposals

● Add section 131 (h)

(h) Task lighting. In office buildings, at least 50% of the

receptacles serving task lighting and other plug loads shall be

equipped with automatic controls following the shut-off control

requirements in section 131(d). Controlled receptacles shall be

marked to differentiate them from uncontrolled receptacles.

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