office ergonomics hazards and solutions. definitions
TRANSCRIPT
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Office Ergonomics
• Hazards and Solutions
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Definitions
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Neutral Posture
• Head facing forward
• Chin parallel with floor
• Elbows at the side of the body
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Neutral Posture
• Deviations from the neutral position may cause Adaptive Muscle Changes.
• Non-neutral postures held for a long time or repetitively are referred to as Static Loading.
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Adaptive muscle changes
• Physical changes to muscle length occur when they are held in a non-neutral position for prolonged periods– Joints function improperly– Muscles that are shortened can be tender– Pain can be local or distally referred
• Trigger point at shoulder may be felt at elbow
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Static Loading
• Blood flow to the working muscle is decreased resulting in fatigue and a higher risk of injury including:– Arthritis (joint inflammation)– Chronic arthroses (joint deterioration)– Hardening of the muscles– Inter-vertebral disc problems
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Neck Flexion:
Moving the chin towards the chest can lead to headaches, tension neck syndrome and adaptive muscle changes.
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Neck Rotation:
This non-neutral position increases the risk of neck and upper back pain.
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Shoulder Flexion:Creates static loading in the muscles of the shoulders and upper back.
Can lead to rounded shoulders.
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Rounded Shoulders:
Can cause Adaptive muscle change in the chest, upper back and neck.
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Neutral Posture
Neutral Wrist Posture:
Deviations from this posture increase the risk of injury.
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Deviations from Neutral Wrist and Elbow Posture
Ulnar Deviation
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Deviations from Neutral Wrist and Elbow Posture
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Deviations from Neutral Wrist and Elbow Posture
Wrist Extension
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Deviations from Neutral Wrist and Elbow Posture
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Deviations from Neutral Wrist and Elbow Posture
Contact Stress
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Deviations from Neutral Wrist and Elbow Posture
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Deviations from Neutral Wrist and Elbow Posture
Excessive Elbow Flexion
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Deviations from Neutral Wrist and Elbow Posture
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Solutions
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Make some adjustments
Chair:
The height should be adjusted to allow adequate thigh clearance and promote elbow angle of no less than 90°.
Footrest:
Use a footrest to keep the knee and ankle joints at 90°
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Monitor:
Adjust to promote neutral neck posture with the top of the screen at eye level or slightly lower.
Note:
Bifocals are not designed for computer use.
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Document Holder:
Use to maintain a neutral head position.
Position the document holder as close to the monitor as possible to reduce neck flexion and rotation.
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Keyboard:
-Position at height that allows elbows to remain at 90° angle or greater, and neutral wrist posture.
Mouse:
Position at the same height as the keyboard.
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Stand up!
• Use a ringing phone as a cue to stand up and take a few steps
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Organize Work Tasks
• This clip art is supposed to be a guy juggling priorities…well, anyway, you get the point.
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Limit time spent seated
• Take a mini-break to stretch every hour.