Z T . V I S tRHODESIA N INSTITUTE OF AFRICAN AFFAIRS

Office: 29, Mimosa House, 9th Avenue P.O. Box 740,Telephone: 2092 Bulawayo, S. Rhodesia.

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1 Thonthty'ffutietinNO. 10/ ^ APRIL 1957.

/SUBSTITUTION OF "AF31CN” FOR "NATIVE" IN ST .TUTE LAWS.

The S'uthern Rhodesia Government is to introduce legislation to substitute the word ’’African" for "Native"in the laws of the Colony. The designation of the Native Affairs Department will be changes to Department of African Affairs.The title of Native Commissioners and Assistant Native Commissioners will be altered to District Commissioner and Assistant District Commissioner respectively.

As the changes have to be brought about by legislation and will, also,'involve an amendment to the Constitution, they cannot be effected immediately.

MOVEMENT OF AFRICANS FROM KARIBA LAKE ARE.'. .

Good progress was made last year in the movement of Africans to the Sebungwe Special Native Aree and Urungwe Reserve.It is planned to move another 2,000 families this year which will leave only 660 families to be moved in 1958.

MEDICAL SERVICES FOR AFRICANS.

The extent to which the African population is served medically is indicated by the table below. The figures refer to the year 1955 which are the latest available.

In Patients Out Patient Treatments

Government Hospitals 81,359 781,511Government Clinics 165,202 1,633,176 Government Aided MedicalMissions 63.481 1,186,332

310,042 3,601,019

Medical Services are free for Africans in the Colony.

CONVALESCENT CENTRE FOR AFRICAN TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS.

The Centre which is now being built at Bulawayo is expected to be ready to receive patients by 1st July next.

The site of the Centre is contiguous to Mpopoma Township.

Provision is bein~ made for 108 beds toother with dining, kitchen, ablution blocks and a clinic.

The Centre is a pilot scheme for possible additional centres in the Colony and will be administered by a Management

Committee under the auspices of the Rhodesian Association for the Prevention of Tuberculosis (RAPT).

TRADE POTENTIAL OF AFRIC ',NS.

The Prime Minister, Mr. R.S. Garfield Todd, when opening the Congress of the Federated Chambers of Commerce in Bulawayo recently, informed his hearers that the cash earnings of the

African people were £43,000,000 per annum. While the average monthly wage of Africans in employment is £7, it is not uncommon to find in certain industries wages ranging from £20 to £30 per month.■ There were instances of Africans earning monthly wages ranging from £30 to £50.

There were about 300,000 peasant farmers growing produce worth £4.10.0 a month each and who each owned cattle worth approximately £100. The Prime Minister was suggesting to the Congress that a study group be set up to consider the matter of ffood trade relations between Commerce and the African people.

AFRICAN INCOME TAX PAYERS.

During the year 1955-6, 312 Africans were sent forms to test their liability to tax.. Of these 265 forms were returned but only seven were found to be taxable.

NEWS OF BRANCHES/MEMBER SOCIETIES .

During recent weeks visits by the Acting Director or Secretary of the Institute have been paid to Mzingwane,Selukwe, Gwelo, Que Q.ue, Enkeldoorn, Fort Victoria and Shabani.

Gwelo. The African Women's League now has some 120 members who receive weBkly instruction in domestic science.

The Society's football cup for schoolboys was won by Senka School. .....

Plumtree. The Society has awarded a bursary of £5 to Miss Tryphine Kupe who is in her final year of the Primary Teachers' Higher course at Waddilove Institution.

Umtall. The Society is providing more swings in the children’s playgrounds at Sakubva.

Marandellas. The possible extension of the hours for selling perishables In the African township is to be investigated by the Society.

Shabani. Weekly films shows have been inaugurated by the Society. The first, held on 2nd April was attended by several hundred Africans.

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Office; 29, Mimosa House, 9»h Avenue P.O. Box 740,Telephone: 2092 I Bulawayo, S. Rhodesia.

/y JSufMinNO. 14. AUGUST 1957.

PROPOSED AMERICAN BUREAU OF AFRICAN AFFAIRS.

The United States Information Service advises that the U.S. Government proposes to establish a Bureau of African Affairs under an Assistant Secretary of State.

Mr. Loy.//.Henderson, Deputy Under Secretary of State has informed the House of Representatives Foreign Affairs Sub-committee in Vfeshington that the Bureau was warranted by the " increasing world significance of political, economic, and social developments in Africa, the importance of Africa to the United States and the growing need to counter influences which are showing increasing interest in Africa."

Under the plans, 226 new African students would be studying in the United States. At present1,424 African students are there under various types of sponsorship.

The new Bureau of African Affairs would include all of the African continent except Algeria, Egypt and the Sudan.

INDUSTRIAL FARM SCHOOL FOR AFRICANS.

The Southern Rhodesia Native Education Department is to establish an industrial farm school for Africans in the Midlands. 2,000 acres have been set aside for it in the northern section of the Que Que Native Reserve. The first pupils numbering about 80 would be admitted at the beginning of 1959. The school will eventually accommodate about 340 pupils. Students will take four-year courses in agriculture, building, carpentry, and later, sheet metal working. Experiments would be carried out in farming on the 2,000 acres and courses would be fitted to the needs of farmers in the midlands area.

SOUTHERN RHODESIA GOVERNMENT ESTIMATES OF EXPENDITURE ON SERVICES FOR AFRICANS ( EXCLUDING HEALTH) F0R~THE YEAR—ENDING 50TH. JUNE 1958. ------------------

To be voted VotedDepartment 1957/58. 1956/57.

£• ------ £ l -------Native Education 2,161,683. 1,761,788. Engineering & Construction 701,484. 579 910. Native Affairs 982,501. 892’621. Native Agriculture, Market­ing & Area Administration 223,800. 210,025. Native Land Husbandry 694,500. 1,044*600.

4, 765, 968. 4!488.,9 4 4 ~

CONSUMPTION/-

CONSUMPTION OF EUROPEAN LIQUOR BY AFRICANS.

European beer and light wines have been on sale to Africans through Local Authorities, Native Townships and Councils since 9th.August 1957. Reports so far received indicate that no serious abuse of this innovation has yet occurred. Fears expressed in some quarters regarding possible unfavourable results by the relaxing of the liquor laws towards Africans would, therefore, appear to be unfounded.

AFRICAN INFORMATION OFFICER.

The_Federal Government has appointed its first African information officer and he will shortly be carrying out his duties in Nyasaland. Serious consideration is to be given to the training of more Africans for such posts with a view to having' a team operating throughout the Federation to explain to Africans the Government's actions and intentions.

NATIVE TAX COLLECTIONS 1956/57.

Approximate receipts from July 1956 to June 1957 were

Indigenous £874,000. Non-indigenous £306,000.

Of the amount of non-indigenous Native Tax collected, the following amounts are estimated to be payable from voted expenditure to other Governments : Northern Rhodesia £40,000; Nyasaland £100,000: Portuguese East Africa £70,000.

OPENING OF CONVALESCENT CENTRE FOR TUBERCULOSIS. PATIENTS.

The first convalescent centre for African tuberculosis patients in^ the Colony was recently opened -in Bulawayo by Lord Malvern.Built at a cost of £13,000 the Centre has accommodation for 108 patients. The Centre is administered by the Rhodesian Association for the Prevention of Tuberculosis.

RACIAL CO-OPERATION AT KARIBA DAM CONSTRUCTION•SITE.

Mr.J.Guthrie Brown, President of the British Institution of Structural Engineers has recently visited the KaribaDam site.He said that good relations between black and white workers have contributed much to the success and efficiency of construction work on the Dam.

THE AFRICAN SOCIETY FOR THE BLIND AND PHYSICALLY HANDICAPPED.

The aims of the Society are to train crippled and blind Africans to enable them to earn their own living as workers in industry and commerce, and to provide sheltered employment for those unable to compete in the open labour market.

There are thirtynine such persons under training at present. So far this year, 5 blind and 7 cripples from the Society's centre have found employment in industryand 3 cripples have been set up as shoe repairers in Native Reserves. Unfortunately, the present workshop and other accommodation is quite inadequate and expansion of the work is precluded through lack of sufficient space.

In order to obtain the advantage of construction economies which now present themselves, the Society requires within twelve weeks another £7,000 to build* workrooms, classrooms, dormitories, dining room ,kitchen, etc.

, The project is commended toBranches/Member oocieties and the Public for their support. Grants or donations may be forwarded to the Institute's office or direct to The Treasurer, African Society for the Blind and Physically Handicapped, P.O. Box 1529, Bulawayo. S.Rhodesia.

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Office. 29, Mimosa House, 9th Avenue Telephone: 2092

P.O. Box 740,Bulawayo, S. Rhodesia.

ThontMy 73 u tie tinNO. 18. DECEMBER 1957 AND

JANUARY 1958.

NEW YEAR HONOURS, 1958 - CERTIFICATES AND BADGES OF HONOUR.

His Excellency the Governor has been pleased to approve of the award of Certificates and Badges of Honour to the following persons on the occasion of the New Year Honours

Mr. Zanamwe, Agricultural Instructor, Native Affairs Department.

Mr. Muwambi Mioyo, Head Native Messenger, Native Affairs Department.

Mr. Gideon Mhlanga, Teacher, Goromonzi School.Mr. Muneme, African Interpreter, Department of Justice.Mr. Makumana, Head Policeman, Marandellas location.Mr. Charles Jefenati, Clerk, Municipal Hostels, Harari.

NEW MINISTER OF NATIVE AFFAIRS.

Following the resignation of Sir Patrick Fletcher, C.M.G., Mr. Eric Palmer has been appointed Minister of Native Affairs and Irrigation.

A new portfolio of Native Agriculture and Marketing has been created and this is held by Mr. Ralph Palmer.

CHANGE IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT ADMINISTRATION IN AFRICAN AREAS.

A big change in the local government administration of Native areas in Southern Rhodesia has been put into force. This change, which alters the control of Native Councils, was gazetted on December 27. It ends the long period of ’paternalistic" government by the Native Affairs Department and, for the first time, puts responsibility for success among Africans in their own areas squarely on their own shoulders. Instead of turning to European officials for action, they will have to discuss and debate problems among themselves in the Native Councils whose constitution is being radically altered. Even the raising of funds will become a direct responsibility. In the past money for council work has been raised by a poll tax. In future it will be raised through rates, which may be on personal property, and can be fixed by resolution of the council.

There will be no dictating as to how money should be spent, and if a council feels it should be spent on maintaining a traditional African way of life, rather than on European

/methods

methods of improvement, then it can do so, if authorised by warrant. This shifting of responsibility is an attempt by the Government to educate Africans in local government and elementary public finance; to develop a new kind of leader­ship and to give them an appreciation of democratic procedure and economics. For the first time in the 10-year old history of Native Councils, members will be elected by vote only - the final approval of the Governor will not be necessary.

The door is also opened for Africans to become chairmen of those councils. At the outset a Native Commissioner will be chairman, but the new Act provides for him to appoint a vice chairman who can become chairman in his right once the Commissioner is satisfied that he is fully conversant with local government procedure. The Commissioner is empowered when he retires to nominate a chairman or leave the decision to a council vote. The Government will retain control over the executive staff of the councils. Responsibility for carrying out the decision of a council rests on the"council’s officers who are responsible not only to the council but indirectly to the Government. It is planned eventually to have a form of Native council officers' service with grades and conditions. All staff appointments have to be approved by the Government, and if necessary the Government will have the power to insist on dismissal of staff.

INCREASED SUBSIDIES AND PERSONAL ALLOWANCES FOR CHIEFS AMD HEADMEN! ‘

As from 1st January 1958 new subsidies and personal allowances will be paid to Chiefs and Headmen. Depending on the number of taxnsvp,r>s Chi p . f r mav have, subsidies will be paid

INCREASED SUBSIDIES AND PERSONAL ALLOWANCES FOR CHIEFS AND HEADiVlEN. (ADDENDUMl —

PERSONAL ALLOWANCES - In addition to the subsidies Government has agreed to the granting of personal * allowances of up to £180 per annum for Chiefs and £60 for Headmen. This means, a Chief can qualify in on subsidy plus the maximum allowance of

Per annum - a combined total of thirty pounds a month. A Headman could receive a maximum of £156 per annum. The award of personal allowances is based on the personal attributes of each individual Chief or Headman, and factors which are considered when assessing them are leadership, administrative and overall ability.

FEDERAL GOVERNMENT TO ESTABLISH AFRICAN AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE.

The Federal Government is concluding negotiations for the purchase of land for an African agricultural college.A total of 1,166 acres - a portion of Chibero Farm - are to be bought from the Methodist Church. Chibero Farm is 15 miles south of Norton in^Southern Rhodesia and adjacent to the Mondoro Reserve. The project envisages a three-year diploma course for between 30 and 40 students to begin with. African higher education, such as an agricultural college, is a Federal Government responsibility.

ORor 29, M iw i Housa, Avnw P.O. Son 740.T «l*k»* 2092 S.

Thontfity JSufletinNO. 19. FEBRUARY 1958.

SOUTHERN RHODESIA GOVERNMENTAL APPOINTMENTS.

Sir Edgar vfcitshead, K.G.M.G., O.B.E., has been appointed Prime Minister and Minister of Native Affairs.Mr. R. S. Garfield Todd is now Minister of Labour and Social Welfare, and Mr. C.J. Hatty is Minister of the Treasury and Minister of Native Education.

PROGRESS OF AFRICANS' EDUCATION AND INDUSTRIAL TRAINING.

The Report of the Director of Native Education for the year 1956 which has just come to hand, states that there were 2,546 Government aided schools with an enrolment of 323,920 pupils. There were 35 Government schools with an enrolment of 18,4-83 pupils.

In the year 1951 there were 2,264 Government aided schools having 232,556 pupils, and 13 Government schools with 7,115 pupils.

The two Government industrial schools, Domboshawa and Mzingwane, had a total enrolment of 642 students during tho year 1956» There were, however, far more applications

for training than there were vacancies as is shewn below

School Course N o . of Vacancies

No. of Applications

Domboshawa Agriculture 44 330■building 22 131Carpentry 22 275Health Demonstrat or 22 92

Mzingwane Agriculture 30 380Building 25 150Carpentry 20 397Leathervi/ork 15 76

These figures indicate the demand for industrial training and another Government Indnstrlal School is being built in the Que Que area (Mlezu). This should be ready to open in 1959. Eight mission centres conduct industrial courses for which 485 students enrolled in 1956.

/NATIVE

NATIVE RESERVES : WATER SUPPLIES FOR AFRICANS.

The progressive development of water supplies in the Native Reserves continues. The following list gives the main features of the work carried out by the Government Irrigation Department during the year ended 50th June 1957. Relevant figures for the previous year are in brackets.

(i) Dams and weirs completed 58 (22) with storage capacities of 2,220 (1,191) million gallons.

(ii) Successful Boreholes .... 597 (262)(iii) .fells ...* 81 ( 68)( iv) New Irrigation Schemes .... 5 ( - )(v) New.Acreage ...» 610 ( - )

(vi) New Domestic i/Vater Supplies 7 ( 10)(vii) Access Roads and Tracks, approx. 500 miles.

Expenditure on these with other minor works amounted to over £796,000.

READING TASTES OF AFRICANS.

Following a recent popularity poll of Africans on their reading habits and choices, no less than 11% had indicated they preferred their literature in the English medium. Questionnaires had been sent to senior school African students and others in employment falling under the category of those seeking ''follow up11 literature.

the order

J C O JTV _LX i gj -L W J— i_ v_/ VV m S-' _L _L UC7 J. d U H.J. CJ •

The following list reflects the popular choice in stated

1. Books on Education.2. Books on the Law.5. Books on how Government works.4. Health and Hygiene books.5. The Right and Wrong May of doing things.6. Books on African customs.7. Books about Religion.8. About Southern Rhodesia.9. How People think things out.

10. "How to do it" books.11. Homecrafts.12. About other countries.

AFRICAN PROBATION OFFICERS.

The Director of Social Welfare in his Report for the year 1956 recently published states

"The sphere of operations of the African probation officers is extending from dealing with the purely delinquent type of juvenile to being called upon to deal with child protection cases and sometimes with matrimonial cases.Parents now frequently call upon African officers for their advice and help with wayward children, in the hope that they may prevent the children from becoming delinquents. In Bulawayo the number of such cases undertaken in 1955 was 50 whilst in 1956 this type of case rose to 70 in number. There is no doubt that the African officer is being looked upon as a social welfare practitioner amongst his people just as much as the European officer is called upon for advice by the European population. The appointment of African officers has been fully justified and this side of our service is gradually extending."

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OKon 29. NSmott Housa, 9lf» Awmm* P.O. Iok 740.Tiliafcn— 2092

TtlontAfy 73uttetinN 0 » 3 0 • FEBRUARY, 1959.

STATE OF EMERGENCY IN THE COLONY.

His Excellency the Governor proclaimed a state of emergency existing in Southern Rhodesia on 26th February 1959.

The following are extracts of an announcement on the situation by the Prime Minister, Sir Edgar Whitehead, K.C.M.G., O.B.E., M.P.

"Three sets of regulations have been published this morning and are now in force under the emergency powers. The first set deal with the maintenance of public safety and public order and nrovide for the appointment of a protecting authority with power to control the local situation, to nrohibit meetings of more than three persons and to restrict the movement of persons. There is provision for the control of weapons and the power to imoose a curfew. There is a prohibition against the spreading of rumours and the distribution of literature likely to cause alarm and despondency. Power is taken to'control the publication of information relating to the plans, movements and dispositions of security forces and to enter and search any premises whatsoever.

The second set of regulations give the Minister power to detain any person for a period of one month if his detention is considered to be in the public interest.

The third set of regulations have the effect of banning as illegal organisations within Southern Rhodesia, the Nyasaland African National Congress the Southern Rhodesia African National Congress, ’ the Zambia National Congress and the Northern Rhodesia African National Congress. It will be an offence for any person to continue to be or become an office bearer, officer or member of any of these organisations.

The Government had closely followed the develop­ment of extremism in the African National Congresses in the past few months but their powers under existing legislation were inadeauate to curb this trend. In particular the growing tendency of the movement to incite peonle in rural as well as urban

/areas

areas to defy the law, persistent attempts to suborne African employees of the Government from their loyalty, a canpaign of intimidation and boycott against moderate Africans who openly supported racial co-operation was becoming intolerable. The majority of the leaders were young men who had never established themselves in a reputable business or trade and a considerable number had criminal records involving crimes of dishonesty. One quality they had in common was an ability to incite a crowd to abuse and ridicule all constituted authority whether Chiefs, Native Commissioners Missionaries, Federal African Members of Parliament and many others working for the benefit of the African people. <J...........

The Government wish to make it absolutely clear that the action which has been taken against certain subversive groups in no way involves a change of policy; they are determined to continue their stated policy of giving greater opportunities to the African people in all spheres to improve African agriculture, education and housing, to proceed with the Industrial Conciliation Bill and to remove any unnecessary racial discrim­ination. _ They feel confident that the measures taken against irresponsible agitators will make their task of co-operation easier and not more difficult.

. ^ e y appeal to people of all races to continue their normal daily avocations as though no emergency exists. ̂ They believe that with the removal of those principally responsible for stirring up strife the emergence should be of very brief duration and that with its end all races can continue their joint efforts to build up a prosperous and contented country free from the anxieties which recently overshadowed many people’s minds."

SOUTHERN RHODES IA FAS AFRICA'S LARGEST PROPORTION OF AFRIUAJN SCHOOL CHILDREN . --------

Southern Rhodesia had a higher proportion of African children of school-age in schools than any other African country - including Ghana and South Africa - the Minister of Native Education, Mr. Ralph Cleveland, said when introducing the second reading of the Native’Education

Tl}is year, probably about 480,000 African children would be in Government and Government-aided schools, and southern Rhodesia was spending one eighth of its total revenue on their education.

£4,000.000 for African Housing.

Mr. a v j:llnister of Labour, Social Welfare and Housing,recently informed Parliament that almost

£4,000,000 had bo- 3me available over the next four years for African housing. A projects team had been appointed to plan the beat use of the money and to examine the detailed needs of particular centres.

Office. 29, Mimosa House, 9th Avenue Telephone: 2092

P.O. Box 740,Bulawayo, S. Rhodesia.

NO. 34. JUNE 1959.

The Second Session of the Ninth Farliament of Southern Rhodesia opened on 30th June 1959. The Opening Speech was delivered by His Excellency the Hon. Sir John Murray. We quote extracts from the Speech relating to African affairs

»... in view of the changing labour conditions in the Colony,ny Government have advised the two Northern Governments that they wish to cancel the present Inter-Territorial Migrant Labour Agreement. Accordingly,the required twelve months notice of termination has been served to take effect from 1st July 1959.

.... The enormous problem of housing our African population inurban areas is being dealt with in accordance with the programme drawn up when try present Government took office. Through the financial arrangements which my Government have made, building will soon commence at Que Que, Highfield and Luveve. Investigations will continue at all centres in the Colony to ascertain the full demand.......... Turkish tobacco production has been gradually extended forseveral years in the Native Areas. In 1958/59 the Department ambarked on a new programme which has proved a great success. The drive continues and a far greater number of growers will be producing this crop in the coming season.

The Information Branch of the Division of Native Affairs is being expanded to provide for greatly improved information services for the African population.

Better training facilities are being provided for junior field staff, both African and European, in the Native Agriculture Department.

At the request of the African Farmers Union, legislation will be introduced, on the same lines as that which at present applies to European farmers, to provide for the licensing of those African farmers occupying the farming land in the Native Purchase Areas under agreements of lease or purchase, or by virtue of title to the land.

.... In order to give more adequate facilities for full primaryeducation in the rural areas, Native Councils and other approved bodies have, over the last two years, been encouraged to build upper primary classes at selected centres in the Native Areas on a £ for £ basis. So far, nearly 50 schools have benefited from this scheme. These centres, which include a classroom block and a domestic science block, are built at a cost of £3,000 per unit.It is hoped that Women*s Clubs will be encouraged to make use of the domestic science facilities as part of an adult education plan.Lack of finance this year has made it impossible to erect the number of schools it was originally intended to do, but encouragement will still be given to Councils and other approved bodies to develop these upper primary schools, even though capital grants from the Government may not be available in all cases.

/The

The problem of African school-leavers has been the subject of much thought during the year and a conference of those directly concerned in the matter will be called later this year to discuss the introduction of a Youth v Placement Service.

The opening of the new Trade Instructors Training College in Bulawayo next year is an important step. The College will train teachers who will be available for employment in trade schools or in technical schools.

It is intended to start'on the building of a secondary school at Hiphfield in the later part of this financial year, to be completed in time for the January 1961 intake.” ......

INCOME OF AFRICANS.Figures recently published by the Central Africa-Statistical

Office shew that there were 617,000 Africans in employment (indigenous and non-indieenous) in Southern Rhodesia in 1958. Waiges earned ty them totalled £49,500,000.

In the Native Reserves and Native Purchase Areas the value of the "subsistence income" is estimated to be £21., .630,000. This "subsistence income" is the value of food, fuel and housing consumed out of production by the African population and usually involving no monetary transactions. Goods and services produced in the African rural areas are bartered and, on an increasing scale, exchanged for money within the areas. It is not possible, however, to estimate the value of such sales.

SALES OF AFRICAN OWNED CATTLE.Below are the monthly figures for cattle sold by Africans at

organized sales for the period January/May 1959

Month

January February^ March ■

April

May

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M W ■

RHODIESIAN W S 1JTUTJE O f AFRICAN^ AFFAIRS

Office. 29, Mimosa House, 9th Avenue _ PO . Box 740,

Telephone-. 2092 Bulawayo, S. Rhodesia.

Ulcnthtu JSu/tetinN0- 35• JULY, 1959.

DETAINEES' DEPENDANTS ALLOWANCES.

The following allowances etc. are made to the dependants of persons detained under the Preventive Detention (Temporary Provisions) Act 1959 as stated in Parliament during the month by the Minister of Justice and Internal Affairs

(i) for dependants of detainees ordinarily resident in urban areas or who were, wage earners and who are accustomed to an ordinary African standard of living, Is. 6d per diem per dependant paid weekly in advance from the office of,the Native Commissioner of the district in which such detainee's dependants reside:

(ii) for dependants of detainees ordinarily resident in urban areas or who were wage earners accustomed to a relatively higher standard of living, 2s 3d. per diem per dependant paid weekly in advance from the office of the Native Commissioner of the district in which such detainee's dependants reside:

(iii) for dependants of detainees who are ordinarily resident in rural areas and who have the benefit of produce from agricultural land and stock holdings an* who generally enjoy lower living costs than those with which dwellers in urban areas are faced, allowances ranging from £?. 5s. Od a month to £15 a month are paid depending on the numberof dependants in each case.

No "mJans test" has been introduced and even though a detainee's wife is herself in gainful employment, she is still granted an allowance at the appropriate rate. Similarly, dependent children of a detainee receive allowances at the appropriate rates irrespective of age.

In addition to subsistence allowances, the Southern PJiodesia Government pays rents charged by local authorities in respect of accommodation provided by them in African residential areas under their jurisdiction and occupied by dependants of African detainees during the periods of their detention; also the cost of necessary articles of clothing for detainees' dependants is borne by the Government as well as school fees and other charges incidential to the education of a detainee's children.

/NATIVE RESERVES

NATIVE RESERVES AND SPECIAL NATIVE AREAS.

The following data related to the implementing of the Native Land Husbandry Act has b een taken from the Chief Native Commissioner's Annual Report for 1958

Total acreage of reserves and special native areas 33,,793;,266Estimated waste land (16.7??) 5,,662,,615

Usable acreage 2 P ,,130,,651

Present number of cultivators 338.,750Less estimated number of female cultivators 30,,200Number of families entitled to rights COoCO ,550Number of families who can be accommodated withfull holdings of land and stock . 212,,202

Acreage being cultivated by present cultivators 3,,291,,649Approximate acreage required, for allocation offaming rights to present cultivators 3,027,,781

Present number of stock owners 219,,809Present number of animal units $ 1 >532,,951Estimated carrying capacity of all areas

(including probable carrying capacity oftsetse fly areas when fly has been !eradicated, i.e. approximately 175,000animal units) - - - - - - 1 COCD rHrHCO

+ An Animal Unit is one head, of large stock, e.g. cattle1. The small stock (sheep, goats, etc.) equivalent of one head of large stock varies from five to ten or more head according to local conditions of a particular area.

IMPLEMENTING THE NATIVE LAND HUSBANDRY ACT.

Expressed in acreages, the progress up to the end of 1958 of the five-year plan for implementing the Act which commenced in 195S is as follows :-

Acreage

PERCENTAGE COMPLETE: AcreageOriginally Of all

in which Planned for Reserves. work completed

Completion by 1960.

andS.N.As.

Proclaimed 27,197,497 105% t 81%Initial survey completed 23,795,995 91% 70%Preliminary developmentcompleted 20,665,432 79% 61%

Assessed 20,074,464 77% 59%Demarcated 8,768,697 34% ?£%Land allocated 6,551,268 25% 19%Stock allocated i 7,344,943 28% 22%Residential sitesallocated 3,603,661 13% 11%

+ It was planned to complete 26,019,852 acres by 1960.

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RHODESIAN INSTITUTE - O f AF R IC AN AF FAIRS

P.O. Box 740,Bulawayo,. S. Rhodesia.

vu/(etinN0- 36. AUGUST, 1959.

NATIVE PRODUCTION AND MARKETING DEVELOPMENT FUND.

The estimated total revenue of the Fund for the year 1958 is £1,981,890, the main sources of which are

£Levies (on African Cattle and Crops marketed) 530,170 Cattle dipping fees > 166,775Grain Marketing Board Receipts : Handling 172,921

" " " Transport EqualisationFund 439,086

Government Grants 558,910

The balance is obtained from miscellaneous receipts, e.g. timber royalties, land lease rents, irrigation and water rates, rent of properties, hire of transport, etc.

Expenditure for the year ended 31st December 1958 amounted to £2,535,540. The main’heads_ feeing

£Stock marketing 143,260Produce marketing 743,625Irrigation and water development 482,300Soil conservation 117,690Roads and bridges 213,360Plant, machinery and equipment 207,080Buildings 135,460Cattle dipping facilities 117,065Salaries 231,000

Further items of expenditure include Afforestation, Grants to Native Councils and General Development.

. NATIVE LAND' HUSBANDRY ACT : PROGRAMME OF IMPLEMENTING REVIEWED.The original plan has been extended to seven years (1956 - 1962).

Expenditure on implementing the Act for the three years 1956 - 1958 amounted to £4,896,634. For the following four years it is estimated that £7,784,396 will be expended.

B.S.A. POLICE RADIO TRAINING SCHOOL.

This training school in the Police Depot, Salisbury, is mainly concerned with the training of African Radio Operators. On completion of training the operators are posted to important District Police Stations to operate all the radio apparatus and they are responsible for all radio

. communications to and from such stations.

AFRICAN-OWNED CATTLE HOLDINGS.

Despite the planned destocking programme in certain Native rural areas under the Native Land Husbandry Act, cattle holdings continue

Office. 29. Mimosa House, 9th Avenue Telephone: 2092 *

/to

to increase. The table below gives the total disposals through sales, horie-slaughterings and deaths, and the remaining number of cattle held as at 31st December in each of the last five years :-

Year Total Disposals remainder held.1954 255,478 1,849,7831955 243,040 1,900,7721956 228,692 1,937,1981957 250,730 1,980,9281958 279,828 2,073,592

NATIVE EDUCATION : DEPARTMENTAL EXAMINATIONS.The results of the Native Education Department’s examinations

taken in 1958 were as followsCandidates Entered Candidates PassedBoys Girls Total Boys Girls Total

Standard VI . 6,073 2,696 8,769 4,540 1,803 6,343Primary Teacheris* Lower 649: 286 935 595 265 860Primary Teachers' Higher 201 26 227 187 24 211Domestic Science Teachers - 36 36 - 36 36Post Primary. Industrial - Agriculture 116 116 109 i. io9. Building 83 - 83 65 * 65Carpentry 119. - 119 • 95 - 95Leatherwork . 7 - 7 5- * 5

S.Rhod. Junior Cert. 834 179 1,013 474 59 533

PREVENTIVE DETENTION ACT : REVIEW TRIBUNAL'S REPORT.A General Report of the Tribunal was tabled in Parliament on

12th August, Copies of the Report may be obtained from the Government Printing and Stationery Department, P.O. Box 8062, Causeway, Salisbury, or P.O. Box 211, Bulawayo. The cost of the Report is five shillings.

The Tribunal has completed hearing evidence on the general activities of the Southern Rhodesia African National Congress. In a statement submitted to the Tribunal, the Government alleged that the objects of the Congress were :-

To excite disobedience and hostility to the laws and lawful authorities of the Country.To excite racial hostility and disseminate subversive propaganda. To.coerce the Government by demonstrations, processions and strikes. To ridicule and undermine the authority of Native Commissioners,Land Development Officers, Chiefs, Police and African Members of Parliament.To organise boycotts.To misinterpret and falsify facts with a view to bringing the Government and Europeans into disrepute.To intimidate people to join Congress by threats of boycotting businesses and threats to life.To give oUt that Congress was more powerful than the Government.To co-operate with other African National Congresses and co-ordinate activities with them.To infiltrate into and gain control of other African organisations. To excite disaffection towards the Constitution with the object of altering it by unlawful means.

The Tribunal found all of these allegations to be proved.

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Collection Number: AD1715

SOUTH AFRICAN INSTITUTE OF RACE RELATIONS (SAIRR), 1892-1974

PUBLISHER: Collection Funder:- Atlantic Philanthropies Foundation

Publisher:- Historical Papers Research Archive

Location:- Johannesburg

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