offered by: atras technical institute presentation published: december 2014 lesson 4 ...
TRANSCRIPT
Offered by: Atras Technical Institute Presentation Published: December 2014
Lesson 4
www.atrasusa.com
ANSI/TIA-758-A-2004Customer-owned
Outside PlantTelecommunications
InfrastructureStandard
APPROVED: AUGUST 2004
AN
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-A
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Cabling
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Twisted-pair cabling
• Twisted-pair cabling:– consists of thermoplastic-insulated solid copper
conductor multi-pair customer-owned OSP twisted-pair cables used in campus environments
– cables shall consist of:• 19-AWG (0.9-mm)• 22-AWG (0.64-mm)• 24-AWG (0.5-mm)• 26-AWG (0.4-mm)
– the specifications of customer-owned OSP telecommunications cables shall meet the requirements of the AHJ and applicable codes
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Twisted-pair cabling• Cable performance:
– filled OSP cables shall meet requirements of ANSI/ICEA S-84-608
– air-core OSP cables shall meet the requirements of ANSI/ICEA S-85-625
– enhanced-performance filled OSP cables (Broadband Outside Plant (BBOSP))shall meet the requirements of ANSI/ICEA S-99-689
– enhanced-performance air-core OSP cablesshall meet the requirements of ANSI/ICEA S-98-688
– OSP cables are intended for the distribution of signals to carry voice and data
– enhanced-performance BBOSP cables are intended for the distribution of signals to carry voice, high-speed data, and video
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Twisted-pair cabling
• Cable construction types:– OSP and BBOSP cabling is installed in:
• aerial• duct (underground)• direct-buried applications
R: recommended S: suitable N: not recommended1 Both filled and air-core OSP can be installed in the aerial plant providing the filled
cable contains an 80°C (176°F)-rated filling compound.2 When pressurized.3 A filled cable with cellular insulation is lighter and has a smaller diameter than a
similar filled cable containing solid insulation.
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Cable type Aerial Underground Direct-buriedFilled R1 R3 RAir-core S S2 N
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Twisted-pair cabling
• Aerial – self-support and lashed:– shall incorporate an integral steel support messenger
into the cable design– shall be lashed to a support messenger if without a
support messenger integrated into its design
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Twisted-pair cabling
• Buried service wire:– intended for use when extending from distribution cable
terminal to the EF of a structure with limited cable needs– shall meet the requirements of ANSI/ICEA S-86-634– the maximum length shall not exceed 213 m (700 ft)
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Twisted-pair cabling
• Aerial service wire:– intended for use when extending from the distribution
cable terminal to the EF of a structure with limited cable needs
– shall meet the requirements of ANSI/ICEA S-89-648– the maximum length shall not exceed 213 m (700 ft)– the maximum span length shall not exceed 60 m (200 ft)
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Twisted-pair cabling
• Internally screened cable:– is intended for use with pulse code modulation (PCM)
transmission– one or more screens separate cable pairs within the core
into compartments for improved crosstalk performance– shall meet the requirements of ANSI/ICEA S-84-608 for
filled cable, and ANSI/ICEA S-85-625 for air core cable
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Twisted-pair connecting hardware
• ANSI/TIA-758-A defines the following requirements for OSP connecting hardware:– mechanical– environmental– transmission performance
• Connecting hardware includes:– terminal blocks:
• for transition from distribution cable to service wire
– cross-connect blocks:• for cross-connection between feeder and distribution cables
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Twisted-pair connecting hardware
• Environmental compatibility:– OSP connecting hardware shall be fully functional for
continuous use within the temperature range of -40 °C to 70 °C (-40 °F to 158 °F)
– means for connecting and removing wires shall be functional from -18 °C to 50 °C (0 °F to 122 °F)
– terminals shall be resistant to:• corrosion from moisture and atmosphere• UV degradation• insecticides• herbicides
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Twisted-pair connecting hardware
• Materials:– metal components shall:
• Be resistant to or protected against:– general corrosion– forms of localized corrosion:
» stress corrosion cracking» stress corrosion pitting
• Shall not produce significant galvanic corrosion effects, in wet or humid conditions, or on other metals likely to be present in pedestal terminal closures or aerial cable terminals
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Twisted-pair connecting hardware
• Materials:– plastic parts:
• shall be resistant to:– fungi– heat– solvents– stress cracking agents
• be compatible with:– metals– cable conductor insulation– cable filling compounds
• shall be non-corrosive to metals• shall resist deterioration when exposed to chemical pollutants
and sunlight
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Twisted-pair connecting hardware
• Transmission:– shall comply with connecting hardware requirements of
ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.2 • current revision – ANSI/TIA-568-C.2
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Twisted-pair connecting hardware• Terminal blocks:
– provide a means to connect service wire to distribution cable– are provided with a means for connecting each terminal pair
to the distribution cable– are provided with a means for connecting the service wire to
the terminal block– are recommended to be of the insulation displacement
contact (IDC) type– may have a stub cable to provide conductors between the
terminal block and connection point to the cable– typically available increments of 5- or 6-pr, from 5- to 50-pr– used in variety of environments, including flooding areas,
and may be sealed to function when immersed in water– are typically housed in an enclosure that is intended to
protect the terminal block from moisture and sun exposure
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Twisted-pair connecting hardware
• Terminal blocks – wire compatibility:– shall be compatible with the service wire available in:
• 26-AWG copper• 24-AWG copper
22-AWG copper• 19-AWG copper• 18-1/2-AWG copper-clad steel
– the manufacturer shall designate the recommended wire gauges for each block
– a terminal block shall meet electrical requirements for the smallest designated gauge after connecting and disconnecting the largest designated gauge
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Twisted-pair connecting hardware
• Terminal blocks – wire pair identification:– a means for identifying individual terminal pairs shall be
provided– the polarity of tip and ring of each pair shall be identified
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Twisted-pair connecting hardware
• Terminal blocks – test points:– all terminal blocks shall allow access to test points for
each pair without disconnecting the service wire from the terminal or puncturing the wire insulation
– high-impedance probes may be needed to use the test access points for high-frequency applications
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Twisted-pair connecting hardware
• Terminal blocks – mounting:– the terminal blocks shall be designed to allow secure
fastening to a steel or plastic backboard– required fasteners shall be part of a terminal block kitting
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Twisted-pair connecting hardware
• Terminal blocks – stub cable:– when a stub cable is used to connect the terminal block
to the distribution or feeder cable, the stub cable shall use standard color-coding to indicate individual pairs and tip and ring
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Twisted-pair connecting hardware
• Cross-connect blocks:– are used to connect feeder pair to distribution pair– are typically located inside cross-connect cabinets, where a
feeder cable(s) enter and distribution cables exit– each pair of the feeder cable is connected to a pair of
contacts on a feeder cross-connect block– each pair of the distribution cable is connected to a pair of
contacts on a distribution cross-connect block– feeder pairs are connected to distribution pairs with jumper
wires between the feeder block and distribution block– recommended that cross-connect blocks be of the IDC type– cross-connect blocks are typically available in multiples of
10- or 25-pair
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Twisted-pair connecting hardware
• Cross-connect blocks:– cross-connect blocks in the outside environment may be
subjected to:• temperature extremes• humidity extremes• industrial atmospheres• coastal atmospheres• applied chemicals such as:
– insecticides– herbicides– cleaners– various solvents
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Twisted-pair connecting hardware
• Cross-connect blocks – wire compatibility:– shall be compatible with:
• feeder cable• distribution cable• jumper wire
– feeder and distribution cable is available in:• 26-AWG copper• 24-AWG copper• 22-AWG copper• 19-AWG copper
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Twisted-pair connecting hardware
• Cross-connect blocks – wire compatibility:– jumper wire may be:
• 26-AWG copper• 24-AWG copper• 22-AWG copper
– the manufacturer shall designate the recommended cable and wire gauges for each block
– a jumper connection to a cross-connect block shall meet electrical requirements for the smallest designated gauge after connecting and disconnecting the largest designated gauge
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Twisted-pair connecting hardware
• Cross-connect blocks – wire pair identification:– terminals shall locate tip on the left and ring on the right
for horizontal spacing, or tip above the ring terminal for vertical spacing
– a means for identifying individual terminal pairs shall be provided, either on the block or an adjacent surface
– removable red markers shall be available for attachment to a pair termination to designate special circuits and shall withstand all environmental exposure required for the block without becoming unserviceable
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Twisted-pair connecting hardware
• Cross-connect blocks – wire termination:– the cross-connect block shall be designed to eliminate
the possibility of electrical shorts between any two terminals during jumper wire placement
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Twisted-pair connecting hardware
• Cross-connect blocks – test points:– all terminals shall allow access to test points for each pair
without disconnecting the jumper wire from the terminal or puncturing the wire insulation
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Twisted-pair connecting hardware
• Cross-connect blocks – terminal density:– terminals shall be arranged in a compact connecting
hardware field consistent with the need to perform jumper operations
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Twisted-pair connecting hardware
• Cross-connect blocks – wiring harness:– when a wiring harness is used to connect the cross-
connect block to the distribution cable, the cable shall use standard color-coding to indicate individual pairs and to indicate tip and ring polarity
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Twisted-pair connecting hardware• Building entrance terminals:
– building entrance terminals located at the cabling entrance to building facilities where the transition between inside and outside environments occur
– outside terminals are used when the entrance connection is located in a closure on an outside wall of a building
– inside terminals are used when the outside cable connects to the inside distribution cabling system
– building entrance terminals are available in sizes:• 2-pair• 4-pair• 6-pair• multiples of 10- and 25-pair
– it is desirable that terminal blocks used for building entrance terminals be of the IDC type
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Twisted-pair connecting hardware
• Non-protected terminals:– specifications for non-protected terminal connections
inside the building are given in ANSI/TIA/EIA 568-B.2 • current revision ANSI/TIA-568-C.2
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Twisted-pair connecting hardware
• Protected terminals:– protected terminals shall meet:
• the primary protection requirements of UL 497• the mechanical and reliability requirements of ANSI/TIA-758-A
and ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.2• the transmission requirements for the appropriate category of
ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.2
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Twisted-pair connecting hardware
• Splicing connectors:– splicing connectors use insulation displacement
technology to allow efficient splicing of cables without stripping insulation
– single-wire connectors (discrete) can be used to join or bridge-tap (half-tap) one wire to a through wire and accommodate 26- through 19-AWG wire
– multiple-pair connectors (modular) may be used to splice up to twenty-five wire pairs, and typically splice multiple wires, from 26- to 22- or 19-AWG
– both the discrete and multiple pair connectors shall be provided in both dry and moisture resistant forms for use in all OSP splicing environments
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Twisted-pair connecting hardware
• Splicing connectors:– important characteristics of OSP splicing connectors are:
• consistently low connection resistance• high insulation resistance• robustness• resistance to moisture and corrosion• ease of installation
– connector manufacturers shall provide suitable application tooling and any auxiliary products that may be required to ensure the maintenance and reliability of the connectors in all OSP environments
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Twisted-pair connecting hardware
• Splicing connectors – materials:– metal components:
• shall be resistant to or protected against:– general corrosion– forms of localized corrosion– stress corrosion cracking– stress corrosion pitting
• shall not produce significant galvanic corrosion effects, in wet or humid conditions, on other metals likely to be present in their use environment
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Twisted-pair connecting hardware
• Splicing connectors – materials:– insulating materials:
• shall perform their designed electrical and mechanical functions,• shall be resistant to:
– fungi– heat– cable cleaning solvents
• must be compatible with:– metals– cable conductor insulation– cable filling compounds
• plastic materials:– shall be non-corrosive to metals– shall resist deterioration when exposed to chemical pollutants and
sunlight
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Twisted-pair connecting hardware
• Splicing connectors – materials:– connector filling compounds and sealants:
• shall be compatible with other connector and cable materials• shall be resistant to fungi• shall conform to safety and toxicology requirements at the time of
manufacture
– materials used for hand tools and for multiple wire connector splicing tools shall be compatible with other materials in the environment used
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Twisted-pair connecting hardware
• Splicing connectors – transmission:– markings on splicing hardware should include
designation of transmission performance at the discretion of the manufacturer or the approval agency
– the performance markings shall be visible during installation
– it is suggested that the markings consist of:• “Cat 3” for category 3 components• “Cat 5” for category 5 components• “Cat 5e” for category 5e components• “Cat 6” for category 6 components
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Twisted-pair connecting hardware
• Splicing connectors – tensile strength:– is established by measuring the force required to break
the wire terminated in a splice connector when a load is applied axially to the wire in the direction of wire entry to the splice connector, and compared to the breaking strength of an unspliced segment of the same wire
– minimum breaking strength for a spliced 19-AWG wire shall be 60 % of 19-AWG wire breaking strength
– minimum breaking strength for spliced wires of smaller gauges shall be 75 % of the control wire breaking strength
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Twisted-pair connecting hardware
• Splicing connectors – insulation resistance:– immersion testing is required for devices used under
severe service conditions;• filled or moisture resistant connector samples shall be immersed
in water for one week• the insulation resistance shall be measured between each
conductor and the water bath with 250 Vdc applied
• not more than 10 % shall be less than 106 Ohmnot more than 25 % shall be less than 108 Ohmthe remainder shall be greater than 109 Ohm
• all samples shall be restorable to greater than 109 Ohm after drying
• samples that fall below 108 Ohm shall be inspected for corrosion• the presence of corrosion is considered a failure
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Twisted-pair connecting hardware
• Splicing connectors – salt fog exposure:– terminated/spliced filled samples shall be exposed to salt
fog per ASTM B 117 for 48 hours– the resistance of each splice shall not increase by more
than 2 mOhm as a result of the exposure
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Twisted-pair cross-connect jumpers
• OSP twisted-pair cross-connect jumpers:– proper selection and installation of cross-connect jumper
wire used between cross-connect blocks is essential to the overall performance of the network
– transmission properties of cross-connect jumper wire shall the same or higher than that of the cross-connect block
– the pair twist shall be maintained to within 13 mm (0.5 in) of the entry into the cross-connect block
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Installation requirements
• BBOSP cable splices:– there are two type of splices:
• butt splice (preferred)• inline splice:
– an in-line splice method can be used when the conductors are spaced close together, i.e., there are no open loops
– amount of untwisting of the conductor pairs shall be kept at 13 mm (0.5 in) maximum (can be achieved by twisting the two conductors together after the splice is formed)
– for optimum performance, pair splices should be staggered within the splice closure
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Installation requirements
• Bridge-taps:– bridge-taps are not recommended for OSP cabling
because they may cause severe transmission impairment for high-frequency digital circuits
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Installation requirements
• Binder group integrity:– 25-pair binder groups should not be split between
connecting hardware points
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Installation requirements
• Cable bend radius:– the minimum bend radius for non-gopher-resistant OSP
twisted-pair cable shall:• not be less than 10 times the cable diameter during installation• shall not be less than 8 times the cable diameter after installation
– the minimum bend radius for gopher-resistant OSP twisted-pair cable shall:• not be less than 15 times the cable diameter during installation• shall not be less than 10 times the cable diameter after
installation
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Twisted-pair testing
• The primary field test parameters for OSP twisted-pair cabling are:– DC loop resistance– wire map and continuity:
• shorts• crossed pairs• reversed pairs• split pairs• any other miswiring
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Coaxial cabling• Coaxial cable used in backbone OSP applications is 75-
Ohm semi-rigid coaxial cable (trunk, feeder, and distribution)
• The cable is available in sizes ranging from 10 to 29 mm (0.412 to 1.160 in) in diameter
• Since attenuation is inversely proportional to the diameter of the cable, larger cables are selected for longer distances or when the number of amplifiers in a link should be reduced
• Type N connecting hardware is available for each particular cable size (such cabling may be used in aerial, direct-buried or duct applications)
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Coaxial cabling
• 75-Ohm coaxial cable:– mechanical and electrical requirements for 75-Ohm
trunk, feeder, and distribution coaxial cables can be found in the Society of Cable Television Engineers (SCTE) document IPS-SP-100
– requirements for both disc/air and foam dielectric cable designs are included in this document
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Coaxial cabling
• 75-Ohm coaxial cable performance:– the cable shall meet requirements for mechanical and
electrical transmission performance as specified in SCTE IPS-SP-100
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Coaxial cabling
• 75-Ohm coaxial connecting hardware:– N-type connecting hardware is designed to fit each
particular cable size and type– the cable manufacturer should provide information
regarding connecting hardware that is compatible with their cable
– connecting hardware includes:• connectors• taps• splitters
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Coaxial cabling
• 75-Ohm coaxial cable installation requirements:– installation practices as described in SCTE document
“Recommended Practices for Coaxial Cable Construction and Testing, Issue 1, Section 1” shall be followed
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Coaxial cabling
• 75-Ohm coaxial cable testing:– minimum test requirements for 75-Ohm coaxial cable shall
include a continuity test for the center conductor and shield– due to the variety of designs encountered in OSP
construction, it is not possible to establish link or channel requirements for these applications
– installers may test the following parameters (ANSI/TIA-758-A doesn’t establish any test criteria):• attenuation• length• characteristic impedance• return loss• DC loop resistance
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Optical fiber cabling• Optical fiber cabling system for customer-owned OSP
include the following components:– cable– connectors– splices– connecting hardware– protective hardware
• The recognized cables shall contain:– multimode fibers– singlemode fibers– combination of multimode and singlemode fibers (such cables
should have some means of segregating the fibers by type)
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Optical fiber cabling
• When specifying the fiber type, requirements for bandwidth and system distances should be considered
• It is recommended that spare capacity be included into the system design to support present and future applications
• Consideration should always be given to installing singlemode optical fiber in addition to multimode optical fiber
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Optical fiber cabling
• Optical fiber cable performance:– OSP optical fiber cable shall meet the performance
requirements of:• ANSI/ICEA S-83-640
or• ICEA S-104-696
and• ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.3
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Optical fiber cabling
• Optical fiber cable construction types:– OSP optical fiber cable shall meet the physical
requirements of:• ANSI/ICEA S-83-640
or• ICEA-104-696
– Optical fiber cables are available in several designs with many jacketing options (the next slide)
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Optical fiber cablingC
hap
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5
Cable type Conduit/duct Tunnel Direct-buried Aerial
Non-armored R R S R
Armored S S R S
Indoor/outdoor S S N S
Drop S S N SR – recommended
S – suitable
N – non-recommended
Very often, a non-armored cable is referred to as a “duct” cable.
An “all-dielectric” cable has no metallic or conductive components such as a metallic central member, metallic strength member(s), armor or copper wires.
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Optical fiber cabling
• Duct cables:– are generally non-armored cables– all-dielectric versions incorporating a nonmetallic central
member are available and are suitable for duct or conduit placement and are ideal for duct, tunnel or aerial installations
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Optical fiber cabling
• Armored cables:– armored cables are generally similar to duct cables, but
have a steel armor layer added under the outer cable jacket
– the armor is usually added to increase the rodent resistance of a direct-buried cable and also may serve as an extra layer of protection against other factors (e.g., very rocky soil)
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Optical fiber cabling
• Aerial cables:– aerial cables typically have the same cable construction
as duct cables– self-supporting cables are typically duct cables with
modifications simplifying the aerial installation– all-dielectric optical cables are recommended due to
their lower susceptibility to lightning strikes, induced voltages, and are not required to be grounded
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Optical fiber cabling• Self-supporting aerial cables:
– are designed to be installed without the need for a pre-installed messenger
– can be installed in less time than lashing a conventional duct cable to a metallic messenger
– figure 8 cables:• incorporate a duct cable and a metallic messenger in a common
sheath– all-dielectric cables:
• have a duct cable core with a layer of strength members that allows installation without a separate messenger wire
• there may be length limitations depending upon location (due to the NESC wind and ice loading conditions), and special mounting hardware is required
• no grounding is required
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Optical fiber cabling
• Indoor/outdoor cables:– can be installed in both outdoor and indoor locations– should be water-blocked, UV resistant– should have the jackets made of a flame-retardant
material allowing to pass the NEC flame test requirements for indoor installation
– should be marked with a cable flame rating
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Optical fiber cabling
• Drop cables:– are typically small diameter, low fiber count cables with
limited unsupported span distances when used in aerial applications
– are used to feed a small number of fibers from a higher fiber count cable into a single location
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Optical fiber connecting hardware
• Optical fiber splicing:– typical splicing methods:
• fusion• mechanical
– is intended for use in a variety of environments such as:• maintenance holes• utility vaults• aerial• open trench
– may be used to join:• individual fibers• fiber ribbons• ribbonized fibers
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Optical fiber connecting hardware
• Fusion splicing:– a method of fusing two fibers together with an electric
arc– welding fibers together results in an environmentally
stable optical fiber connection– is a recommended method for optical fiber connections
in the OSP
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Optical fiber connecting hardware
• Mechanical splicing:– a typical mechanical splice incorporates:
• gripping mechanism to prevent fiber separation• means for fiber alignment• index-matching gel
– depending on the design, the mechanical splices may be reusable
– because the mechanical splices depend on a physical contact between two cleaved fiber ends, these splices are more sensitive to large variations in environmental temperature
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Optical fiber connecting hardware
• Splices – attenuation:– the splice insertion loss shall not exceed 0.1 dB mean (0.3
dB maximum) when measured in accordance with ANSI/EIA/TIA-455-8 (OTDR testing)
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Optical fiber connecting hardware
• Splices – return loss:– splices shall have a return loss greater than or equal to
45.0 dB mean (40.0 dB minimum) for singlemode fiber when measured in accordance with ANSI/EIA/TIA-455-8
– mechanical splices should be designed to improve return loss through the use of index matching gel
– typically, fusion splices have lower return loss that may not be measurable
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Optical fiber connecting hardware
• Splices – mechanical protection:– each fusion or mechanical splice shall be protected in a
splice tray or similar protective device that will mount inside a closure or an enclosure
– the splice tray shall:• store and organize the fibers and splices• protect the fibers• prevent the fibers from exceeding the minimum bend radius
– stripped optical fiber should be protected with a heat shrink or silicone adhesive to prevent exposure to moisture
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Optical fiber connecting hardware
• Optical fiber connectors:– shall meet the requirements of ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.3– are more susceptible than splices to temperature
induced losses at extreme temperatures and are usually limited to temperature controlled environments
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Cabling practices• Optical fiber cables, connecting hardware and patch cords
shall maintain the correct polarity throughout the cabling system to support two-fiber transmit and receive applications
• Using consecutive fiber numbering for multi-fiber cables, fibers shall be installed to pair odd numbered fibers with the next consecutive even numbered fiber (e.g., fiber 1 with 2, fiber 3 with 4…)
• Each cable segment shall be installed in a pair-wise cross-over orientation
• The 568SC (duplex SC) connector and adapter “A” and “B” position labeling system shall be used for keyed duplex connectors
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Cabling practicesC
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5
DUPLEX
CONNECTOR
SIMPLEX
CONNECTORS
DUPLEX
CONNECTOR
HORIZONTAL MOUNTING
VERTICAL MOUNTING
POSITION “A”
POSITION “B”
B A
AB
BA
A
B
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A
B
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Cabling practices
• Single fiber connector systems shall use a consistent “A” and “B” labeling system to support the installation of cable plant cross-over polarity
• ANSI/TIA-758-A Annex C provides information regarding OSP optical fiber cabling practices
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Optical fiber cords
• Patch cords and jumpers shall meet the requirements of:– ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.3 in environmentally conditioned
spaces– Telcordia GR-326 (environmental test) in environmentally
unconditioned OSP spaces
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OF cable installation requirements
• The location and protection of the optical fiber cable shall comply with ANSI/TIA/EIA-590-A
• All metallic components of the cable, except for metallic transmission media, shall be bonded to each other and to ground
• The minimum bend radius for OSP optical fiber cable shall not be less than:– 20 times the cable diameter during installation– 15 times the cable diameter after installation
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Optical fiber cable testing
• Testing of OSP optical fiber cabling shall be conducted according to ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.1
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Optical fiber cable testing
• OTDR testing:– can be used for locating problems causing high
attenuation– the distances needed for accurate OTDR readings must
exceed 100 m (328 ft)
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Optical fiber inside terminals
• Optical fiber inside terminals shall meet the requirements of the ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.3 standard
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Optical fiber inside terminals
• Fiber storage and organizing housings:– involve:
• fiber storage• fiber splice storage• fiber distribution,• fiber cross connection
– fiber distribution units featuring full front access may be used for restricted space installations
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Optical fiber inside terminals
• Fiber storage and organizing housings:– when selecting fiber storage and housings:
• cable bend radii > 15 times the cable diameter• fiber bend radii > 38 mm (1.5 in)• modular fiber connector loading provision to allow for expansion• vertical and horizontal cable accessibility for expansion• accommodate both 483-mm (19-in) and 584-mm (23-in) wide
equipment racks• accommodate single-sided wall-mount available• cable entry ports providing for strain relief• provisions for electrically bonding/grounding cables• storage for excess fiber slack
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Optical fiber inside terminals
• Fiber distribution units utilizing optical fiber connectors:– house and organize groups of fibers– fibers are typically spliced to factory prepared connector
pigtails that are loaded into patch panels– splices are stored within the fiber distribution unit (FDU)– connections between cables are typically accomplished
using connectorized jumpers
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Optical fiber inside terminals
• Fiber distribution units utilizing fiber splicing techniques:– the fiber distribution units based on splices (with lower
insertion loss and return loss) should be used where higher performance connections are desired
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Optical fiber inside terminals
• Fiber splice module housing:– splice module housings are used when directly splicing to
the incoming fibers– enclosures house and organize groups of fibers and
accommodate splice trays, but have no patch panel capability
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Pressurization of air-core cables
• Air-core cables installed in subsurface pathways shall be pressurized
• Air-core aerial cable should be vented rather than pressurized
• Air pressure shall be maintained at any point along the cable route to a minimum of 1.5 psi plus 0.43 psi/ft of hydrostatic head
• Three basic types of cable pressurization:– static pressure– single feed system– dual feed system (recommended)
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Pressurization of air-core cables
• Where dry-air pressure systems are deployed, the following factors should be taken into consideration:– cable manufacturer’s recommendations– compressor size– dryer– manifolds, flow meters and cut-off valves– location of air feeds and air pipes– pneumatic resistance of the cable– alarm systems– air plugs
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Quiz • Chapter 5
1. Twisted-pair cables shall consist of _____ conductors.
A. 19-AWG (0.9-mm)B. 22-AWG (0.64-mm)C. 24-AWG (0.5-mm)D. 26-AWG (0.4-mm)E. All of the above
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Quiz • Chapter 5
1. Twisted-pair cables shall consist of _____ conductors.
A. 19-AWG (0.9-mm)B. 22-AWG (0.64-mm)C. 24-AWG (0.5-mm)D. 26-AWG (0.4-mm)E. All of the above
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Quiz • Chapter 5
2. The maximum length of buried service wire shall not exceed _____.
A. 30 m ( 100 ft)B. 46 m ( 150 ft)C. 152 m ( 500 ft)D. 213 m ( 700 ft)E. 305 m (1000 ft)
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Quiz • Chapter 5
2. The maximum length of buried service wire shall not exceed _____.
A. 30 m ( 100 ft)B. 46 m ( 150 ft)C. 152 m ( 500 ft)D. 213 m ( 700 ft)E. 305 m (1000 ft)
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Quiz • Chapter 5
3. The maximum length of aerial service wire shall not exceed _____.
A. 30 m ( 100 ft)B. 46 m ( 150 ft)C. 152 m ( 500 ft)D. 213 m ( 700 ft)E. 305 m (1000 ft)
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Quiz • Chapter 5
3. The maximum length of aerial service wire shall not exceed _____.
A. 30 m ( 100 ft)B. 46 m ( 150 ft)C. 152 m ( 500 ft)D. 213 m ( 700 ft)E. 305 m (1000 ft)
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Quiz • Chapter 5
4. OSP connecting hardware shall be fully functional for continuous use within the temperature range of ___________________________.
A. -40 °C to 70 °C (-40 °F to 158 °F)B. -20 °C to 80 °C ( -4 °F to 176 °F)C. -10 °C to 60 °C ( 14 °F to 140 °F)D. 0 °C to 70 °C ( 32 °F to 158 °F)E. 20 °C to 60 °C ( 68 °F to 140 °F)
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Quiz • Chapter 5
4. OSP connecting hardware shall be fully functional for continuous use within the temperature range of ___________________________.
A. -40 °C to 70 °C (-40 °F to 158 °F)B. -20 °C to 80 °C ( -4 °F to 176 °F)C. -10 °C to 60 °C ( 14 °F to 140 °F)D. 0 °C to 70 °C ( 32 °F to 158 °F)E. 20 °C to 60 °C ( 68 °F to 140 °F)
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Quiz • Chapter 5
5. Transmission performance of OSP twisted-pair connecting hardware shall comply with connecting hardware requirements of _____________________.
A. ANSI/TIA-758-AB. ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-C.0C. ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-C.1D. ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.2E. ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.3
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Quiz • Chapter 5
5. Transmission performance of OSP twisted-pair connecting hardware shall comply with connecting hardware requirements of _____________________.
A. ANSI/TIA-758-AB. ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-C.0C. ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-C.1D. ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.2E. ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.3
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Quiz • Chapter 5
6. Contacts of terminal blocks shall be compatible with the service wire available in _____.
A. 24-AWG copperB. 26- and 24-AWG copperC. 26-, 24-, and 22-AWG copperD. 26-, 24-, 22-, and 19-AWG copperE. 26-, 24-, 22-, and 19-AWG copper, 18-1/2-AWG
copper-clad steel
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Quiz • Chapter 5
6. Contacts of terminal blocks shall be compatible with the service wire available in _____.
A. 24-AWG copperB. 26- and 24-AWG copperC. 26-, 24-, and 22-AWG copperD. 26-, 24-, 22-, and 19-AWG copperE. 26-, 24-, 22-, and 19-AWG copper, 18-1/2-AWG
copper-clad steel
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Quiz • Chapter 5
7. Contacts of cross-connect blocks shall be compatible with the service wire available in ____________________________________.
A. 24-AWG copperB. 26- and 24-AWG copperC. 26-, 24-, and 22-AWG copperD. 26-, 24-, 22-, and 19-AWG copperE. 26-, 24-, 22-, and 19-AWG copper, 18-1/2-AWG
copper-clad steel
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Quiz • Chapter 5
7. Contacts of cross-connect blocks shall be compatible with the service wire available in ____________________________________.
A. 24-AWG copperB. 26- and 24-AWG copperC. 26-, 24-, and 22-AWG copperD. 26-, 24-, 22-, and 19-AWG copperE. 26-, 24-, 22-, and 19-AWG copper, 18-1/2-AWG
copper-clad steel
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Quiz • Chapter 5
8. Building entrance terminals are available in ______________________.
A. 2-pair sizesB. 4-pair sizesC. 6-pair sizesD. multiples of 10- and 25-pairE. All of the above
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Quiz • Chapter 5
8. Building entrance terminals are available in ______________________.
A. 2-pair sizesB. 4-pair sizesC. 6-pair sizesD. multiples of 10- and 25-pairE. All of the above
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Quiz • Chapter 5
9. The minimum bend radius for non-gopher-resistant OSP twisted-pair cable shall not be less than _____ times the cable diameter during installation, and not less than _____ times the cable diameter after installation.
A. 8 10B. 10 8C. 8 8D. 10 10E. 4 4
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Quiz • Chapter 5
9. The minimum bend radius for non-gopher-resistant OSP twisted-pair cable shall not be less than _____ times the cable diameter during installation, and not less than _____ times the cable diameter after installation.
A. 8 10B. 10 8C. 8 8D. 10 10E. 4 4
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Quiz • Chapter 5
10.The primary field test parameters for OSP twisted-pair cabling are ______________.
A. wire map and continuityB. DC loop resistanceC. insertion loss and NEXTD. All of the aboveE. A and B
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Quiz • Chapter 5
10.The primary field test parameters for OSP twisted-pair cabling are ______________.
A. wire map and continuityB. DC loop resistanceC. insertion loss and NEXTD. All of the aboveE. A and B
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Quiz • Chapter 5
11.Coaxial cable used in backbone OSP applications is _____-Ohm semi-rigid coaxial cable.
A. 50B. 62C. 75D. 93E. 100
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Quiz • Chapter 5
11.Coaxial cable used in backbone OSP applications is _____-Ohm semi-rigid coaxial cable.
A. 50B. 62C. 75D. 93E. 100
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Quiz • Chapter 5
12.Splice insertion loss shall not exceed _____ dB mean (_____dB maximum) when measured in accordance with ANSI/EIA/TIA-455-8 (OTDR testing).
A. 0.01 0.03B. 0.1 0.3C. 0.5 0.75 D. 1.0 3.0E. 5.0 7.5
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Quiz • Chapter 5
12.Splice insertion loss shall not exceed _____ dB mean (_____dB maximum) when measured in accordance with ANSI/EIA/TIA-455-8 (OTDR testing).
A. 0.01 0.03B. 0.1 0.3C. 0.5 0.75 D. 1.0 3.0E. 5.0 7.5
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Quiz • Chapter 5
13.Splice return loss shall greater than or equal to _____ dB mean (_____ dB minimum) for singlemode fiber when measured in accordance with ANSI/EIA/TIA-455-8.
A. 0.45 0.40B. 4.50 4.00C. 45.0 40.0 D. 0.10 0.30E. 0.50 0.75
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Quiz • Chapter 5
13.Splice return loss shall greater than or equal to _____ dB mean (_____ dB minimum) for singlemode fiber when measured in accordance with ANSI/EIA/TIA-455-8.
A. 0.45 0.40B. 4.50 4.00C. 45.0 40.0 D. 0.10 0.30E. 0.50 0.75
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Quiz • Chapter 5
14.Optical fiber connectors shall meet the requirements of __________________.
A. ANSI/TIA-758-AB. ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-C.0C. ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-C.1D. ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.2E. ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.3
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Quiz • Chapter 5
14.Optical fiber connectors shall meet the requirements of __________________.
A. ANSI/TIA-758-AB. ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-C.0C. ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-C.1D. ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.2E. ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.3
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Quiz • Chapter 5
15.The minimum bend radius for OSP optical fiber cable shall not be less than _____ times the cable diameter during installation and _____ times the cable diameter after installation.
A. 8 4B. 10 8C. 15 10D. 20 15E. 4 4
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Quiz • Chapter 5
15.The minimum bend radius for OSP optical fiber cable shall not be less than _____ times the cable diameter during installation and _____ times the cable diameter after installation.
A. 8 4B. 10 8C. 15 10D. 20 15E. 4 4
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Congratulations!You have completed
Lesson 4Course 115
Any Questions?
• Your Presenter:–Bob Faber, RCDD/NTS–Atras Vice President of Sales and Marketing–[email protected] –203-598-5071