of urltlsh -...
TRANSCRIPT
I _ -
f
ERNMENT OF URlTlSH COLUMBIA 4 :- _ _ ----=y
........ ................................. TO l .
: - . . ~ . P ~ ~ ~ ~ . ~ . . ~ ~ . ~ k s . . . ~ ~ ~ ~ i ~ i o n .......................... MInis.L?::* of Highways & PEbiic Works BrnLE.XN.GS.. ................................................................
J'
1
J. C. Foweraker , Head
Hydrology Division FROM Groundwater Section
........... Ma.ter..In~es.t igatia ns.. Branch ......
..................... March..24 ................................. 19.27 ....
YOUR FILe .................................
Further t o your memorandum of December 2 , 1976 and the services being pro- vided by our Groundwater Section i n a s s i s t i n g you t o retest and t o b r ing the above w e l l s i n t o production, please f ind at tached a memorandum prepared by M r . A.P. Kohut, Senior Hydraulic Engineer with the Groundwater Section, e n t i t l e d "Abbotsford Trout Hatchery Production Well Retests, Well #8 (Hatchery W e l l #l)".
I would emphasize M r . Kohut's conclusions t h a t the performance of Well #8 appears t o have declined by a f a c t o r ranging from 11 t o 22%. The cause of this decl ine may be due t o i r o n encrus ta t ions of the w e l l screen and/or of t he n a t u r a l aqui fe r pack around the w e l l screen. W e recommend a review of the chemical qua l i t y of the groundwater a t the s i t e and an ana lys i s of the cncrus ta t ion material found on the pump column, i n order t o determine the co r rec t maintenance and cleaning procedure, i f required, t o be undertaken i n a l l production w e l l s a t the s i te . Our Groundwater s t a f f should be consulted as t o timing p r i o r t o the implementation of any cleaning program.
There i s a l s o s t i l l some question on the accuracy of t he flow meters used on the tests and t h i s f ac to r may a l s o have t o be considered i n assessing the drop off i n w e l l performance, mechanical fl-m meters on a l l w e l l s .
W e s t i l l recommend i n s t a l l a t i o n of in- i ine
We a l so s t rongly recommend t h a t a l a rge capacity (2,000 USgpm) standby w e l l be completed a t the Hatchery s i t e as soon as possible . t i o n i n the above-mentioned w e l l is implemented, i t may temporarily a f f e c t groundwater qua l i t y i n the v i c i n i t y of the production w e l l s and i t would be advisable t o loca t e the standby w e l l a s u f f i c i e n t d i s tance away t o avoid any p o t e n t i a l contamination during t h e cleaning operations.
I f the cleaning opera-
I JCF/ j s
Encl,
J.C. Foweraker, Head Groundwater Section Hy d r 010 gy Division Water Invest igat ions Branch Ministry of the Environment
*GOVERNMENT OF BRITISH COLUMBIA 1) MEMORANDUM
)I TO.. ......... D.r ...... J., .... C ..... P . ~ w . ~ x . a ~ ~ ~ . , . . ~ ~ . a ~ ......
....... Gr.0 ...... ..............................
FROM A. P. Kohut Senior Geological Engineer
.......... Hydrology..l3iuision ..............................
H ~ d r . o l . o ~ . . . D ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ .......................................... 1) ..... M a ~ c h . 2 2 . ~ ......................................... 19.7.7. ....
SUBJECT. .Abbots~fo.ra~.T.~a.u.t...Ha~~he~~..Er.aduet ion We1 1 Retests , OUR FILE ...02390.1.6 ...............
YOUR FILE ................................. Well 8 (Hatchery Well No. 1)
On February 2 1 and 22, 1977, Mr. Chwojka and myself attended the s t a r t u p and running of the retest on Well 8 (Hatchery No. 1 ) . The first day was spent t r a v e l l i n g t o t h e s i t e , reviewing procedures f o r the r e t e s t with Mr. Les Gilber t and checking water leve ls and operation of t h e other wells.
,The 32-day automatic recorder with 2 : l recording chart was removed from Observation Well 3 located 250 f e e t north of Well 8 and replaced with a 2-day recorder with 5 : l char t . s t a r t i n g a t 8:45 a.m., f o r f i v e hours u n t i l 2:05 p.m. Flow was measured with a portable flow meter and discharge elbow i n t h e same manner as t h e previous retest carr ied out i n Well 7 i n January, 1977. Due t o uncertain- t i es i n the accuracy of the flow meter, Mr. Les Gibert r e t e s t e d t h e well fur ther on February 24, 1977.
The r e t e s t was car r ied out the second day,
Well ODeration P r i o r t o Retesting of Well 8
Well 7 (Hatchery No.2) was not i n operation, being shut down after February 15, 1977, due t o mechanical f a i l u r e . Well 1 (Hatchery N0.3) was operating a t a constant rate near 600 I g p m following t h e shutdown of Well 7. This well would remain i n operation during the r e t e s t i n g of Well 8. During the retest carr ied out February 24, 1977, Well 8,however, was i n operation a t about 1000 USgpm p r i o r t o being upstepped t o higher pumping rates (pers. comm.L.Gi1bert).
Retest Procedures
With Well 1 (Hatchery No.3) pumping continuously t h e evening and morning p r i o r t o the test , t h e water leve l i n Observation Well 3 was monitored with the automatic recorder and found t o be r i s i n g s l i g h t l y a t a r a t e of 0.08 feet p e r 24-hour period. following the shutdown of Wells 8 and 7 which had been operating earlier i n the month and normal seasonal response of t h e water t a b l e t o f a l l and ear ly winter prec ip i ta t ion . s t a b i l i z e d p r i o r t o s t a r t i n g Well 8, so t h e e f fec t of Well 1 pumping would not be a major problem i n assessing the performance of Well 8.
The r i s i n g conditions may have been due t o recovery
Water level conditions, however, were r e l a t i v e l y
. . . 2
- 2 -
I
D r . 0 C. Foweraker March 22, 1977
Procedures f o r the s t a r t u p were t o set the flow control valve t o a low s e t t i n g , s ta r t the pump and adjust t h e flow meter and flow valve t o obtain an i n i t i a l ra te of 600 t o 700 USgpm. t h i s r a t e f o r a few hours and then t h e rate would be increased t o 1500 and then 2000 USgpm f o r t h e remainder of the test .
The w e l l would be run a t
Results
Drawdown d a t a obtained during the retest are shown i n Table 1. 135 minutes the drawdown reached 14.6 feet a t a pumping r a t e of 1054 USgpm according t o t h e flow meter, indicat ing a s p e c i f i c capacity of 72.2 USgpm per foot of drawdown. feet, indicat ing a s p e c i f i c capacity of 76.1 USgpm per foot of drawdown and a t the f i n a l r a t e of 1863 USgpm, drawdown reached 23.95 feet (77.8 USgpm per foot of drawdown). These s p e c i f i c capacity values, however, a r e about 17 t o 23 percent lower than those obtained (94 t o 101 USgpm per foot of drawdown) during i n i t i a l t e s t i n g of the well i n 1969 (Hall, 1970).
Recovery measurements (Table 1) were taken i n the pumped well and Observation Wells 3 and 5 after shutdown, over a period of 50 minutes, with the water level returning t o within 0.4 f e e t of the i n i t i a l pre-pumping leve l i n t h e pumped well and 0.5 f e e t i n Observation Well 3. Slow recovery, as i n the case of previous tests, may be due t o trapped a i r within the cone of influence of t h e well under water t a b l e conditions.
After
A t a rate of 1483 USgpm the drawdown reached 19.5
Since it appeared t h a t the overa l l performance of Well 8 had decreased by as much as 23 percent from t h a t observed i n 1969, it was decided t o check the flow meter f o r accuracy. The flow meter was, therefore , cleaned and reca l ibra ted a t t h e manufacturer's. Results of the February 24, 1977, retest are summarized i n t h e following Table 2.
TABLE 2. SUMMARY OF FEBRUARY 24. 1977 RETEST OF E L L 8
Pumping Rate Water ieve l Feet Drawdown From Assumed Spec i f ic Below Bottom Pre-pumping Level C ap aci t y
1443 1521 1666 2100
48.40 49.23 51.67 55.46
18.0 80.17 18.83 80.78 21.27 . 78.33 25.06 83.80
... 3
e - 3 -
D r . . J . C. Foweraker March 22, 1977
Although somewhat improved, the s p e c i f i c capacity of t h e Well s t i l l appears t o have decreased by a f a c t o r of 11 t o 22 percent from the i n i t i a l t e s t i n g i n 1969.
An a l t e r n a t i v e means of checking the rate of pumping was t o compare the actual drawdowns i n t h e obse'rvation w e l l with t h e theore t ica l drawdowns which would be expected. Results of t h i s comparison a r e shown i n Table 3. An aquifer t ransmissivi ty of 1.8 x l o5 USgpd/ft and storage fac tors of 0.04 and 0.10 (from Hall, 1970) were u t i l i z e d i n the analyses.
TABLE 3. COMPARISON OF ACTUAL VERSUS THEORETICAL DRAWDOWNS FEBRUARY 22, 1977, RETEST WELL 8.
Pumping Rate Duration Actual Drawdown Theoretical Drawdown
(USgpm) (Minutes) Well 3 Well 5 Well 3 Well 5 i n Well 8 of Pumping i n Feet i n Feet
1054 135 1.59 0.48 0.64 0.07
1256 255 2.35 0.77 1.17 0.25
(average r a t e )
This method of analysis , however, did not give any s a t i s f a c t o r y r e s u l t s as t h e actual drawdowns were much grea te r than expected, suggesting pumping rates were several times those measured with t h e flow meter. The difference i s a t t r i b u t e d t o the probable e f f e c t s of delayed gravi ty drainage which takes place under water t a b l e conditions. drawdown r e s u l t s would be obtained, however, only af ter longer duration pumping.
More meaningful
In summary, t h e performance of Well 8 appears t o have declined by a f a c t o r ranging from 11 t o 22 percent, providing there are no e r r o r s i n the flow meter measurement. This means t h a t f u t u r e drawdowns i n the Well a t various pumping r a t e s w i l l be 11 t o 22 percent grea te r than t h a t which occurred during i n i t i a l t e s t i n g of t h e Well i n 1969. Projected drawdowns, therefore , i n the Well may be g r e a t e r than ant ic ipated, thereby af fec t ing t h e safe ty margin i n t h e Well.
I t should be pointed out t h a t t h i s drop i n performance i s r e l a t e d t o the w e l l i t se l f and not necessar i ly t h e aquifer. decl ine i n performance are:
Some possible reasons f o r t h e
I , r '
Dr ,"; Foweraker
- 4 -
March 22,- 1977
1.
2 .
encrustat ion of t h e well screen and/or aqui fe r around the screen
s i l t i n g of t h e na tura l aqui fe r pack around the screen
3. sanding of t he well screen, thereby reducing the open area of t h e screen.
The la t ter two p o s s i b i l i t i e s a r e remote, however, as t h e well had been i n operation f o r a few-years, and the w e l l was sounded f o r sand p r i o r t o i n s t a l l i n g t h e new pump. aquifer , however, may have occurred while t he well was i n temporary production. were observed on the pump column of t h e former pump t h a t was i n t h e well . Similar mater ia l may have been deposited i n t h e screen openings or within the aquifer , thereby reducing the permeabili ty of t h e na tura l pack around t h e screen. f u r t h e r with t i m e under pumping conditions. Periodic maintenance, including cleaning of t he w e l l , preferably every year o r so , is recommended t o prevent i ron buildup. clean the screen. acid and chlor ine treatment.
P a r t i a l encrustat ion of t he well screen and/or
Iron deposi ts i n r ings upo to & t o thick, f o r example,
If t h i s is t h e problem, then the w e l l performance may de te r io ra t e
If allowed t o continue, it may be impossible t o e f f ec t ive ly Procedures f o r cleaning i ron deposi ts general ly involves 1
In summary, t h e performance of Well 8 appears t o have,declined by a f a c t o r ranging from 11 t o 22 percent. encrustat ion of t h e well screen and/or of t h e na tura l aqui fe r pack around t h e screen. The problem a t t he moment i s not se r ious , but regular year ly maintenance and cleaning of t he well is recommended t o prevent a buildup of i ron deposi ts i n the well. however, a review should be made of t h e chemical qua l i t y of t he groundwater a t t h e s i t e and analysis should be made of t h e material encrusted on the former pump column t h a t was i n the w e l l . Well 8 should be carefu l ly monitored over t h e next year f o r any changes.
Cause of t h i s decl ine may be due t o i ron
Before a cleaning program is i n i t i a t e d ,
Moreover, t h e performance of
Considering t h e possible maintenance of Well 8 i n t h e fu tu re , including rout ine pump and motor maintenance or cleaning of t h e Well, it would be advisable t o complete a l a rge capacity (2000 gpm) standby well a t t h e s i te . This well should be located a s u f f i c i e n t dis tance from Well 8, however, s o . t h a t it would not be a f fec ted during any cleaning operations of Well 8.
Withxegards t o fu tu re operation of the, two observation wells i n t h e v i c i n i t y of t h e production wells, no gear changes t o the automatic recorders
- 5 - .*. Dr. J. C. Foweraker
0 March 22, 1977
w i l l be required a t t h i s time. t o be added t o each monitoring setup t o allow for ant ic ipated lowering of t h e water t a b l e under f u l l production conditions.
Additional f l o a t l i n e , however, w i l l have
A. P. Kohut Senior Geological Engineer
APK:wf
Reference: H a l l , P. L. (1970) - Notes on Pumping Tests Carried Out on Well 8, Sept.-Oct.1969, Fraser Valley Trout Hatchery, Water Invest igat ions Branch F i l e 0239016.
I Height of 1
water i n tube on
orifice Pipe
in inches
Time Time ( t ) since
start of pumping i n mins.
I
lepth t o rsater i n
Drawdown i n well
I
Page /#h
3f casing i = 1 in feet 3'+=t
L ,O _ -4 --.- --l.____l-...._ ... ...
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... .- . ._ . - .
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3. ......
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........ ........ 4 0 0 . - __..- I _-
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9
13.95 .... - /1/./2
/VI 0 b
. - - 13-97 __--_
.............
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. . ........ ___ -
..... .__.l._..ll__. .. -. ..... . -_ .........
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e s'
APPENDIX
"CONSTAFR RATE" PUMPING TEST DATA FROM WELL NO. ? &/TwEZ?y #I'
~ ~~~~
! U.S.gals. I permin. j discharqe 1 from w e l l 1
!
Time (t) since
start of pumping i n mins.
{eight of water i n tube on w i f i ce
Pipe in inches
Depth t o water i n
w e l l from top of casing in feet
Drawdown i n w e l l i n f ee t
( s tat ic 1 -3d y z
-
~ .-
.--__ . . . _I__._ ...
~
.. .~ x
.. -. ..... - -_ ...... __ __ ...... - .......
~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -
- .......... -
... .- ... . - .
...................
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- . . - . .__-----I- .... -__ __ ...................... . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ r . __.__...._I-_.-.-.. ..
.-- --
----
.. .........
- .. .... ..... _.___I_ ..
,-- 23.95 z :o&r ! ! 320
........
! !
.- ----A---
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Time (t) 1 Depth t o Drawdown I Height of T h e since I water i n 1 i n wel l 1 water i n
I U.S.gals. 1 per min. j
I 0 s t a r t of 1 wel l j i n f e e t tube on , discharge
pumping 1 f ron top j ( s t a t i c j o r i f i c e I from w e l l '
----i- i
...... .-__ ........ I ---. .....
i : . . .......
.......... . . . . . . . . . .. ..
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.. - ...... . . .
0.82
-
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-.-.
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..... .-.&<.E .......
50 ............ -. 6 0 --._
7.0
30 .......... .. - .-
9:zo 9 .'85
___ - .... - .. - _. ............ . -. __ ..
.- - ._ .- ... .. ... - ... - ... .. .- . . -. __ t i ......... ...... . . ~ -
.. . . . . . . . . . .._. ....... .. - ..... --
. - ... 93 .
...... 5 ... ..-de.- . ..
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.. 80
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.- . . 3:55. .
.- 10: 0 5
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......... I .. -- ..................... --._I . ...... ----- I 36e37 f 6 ...... 90 - . . . -. . -_ .. I .... .... ......... - 1 . __ _. .... .- .
................. ........ -. PP ..... ... ...$% . . . . . . . . . . . '
. . . . . . . . . . . - .... - . ............... _. . . . .
. ,. . -.+ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
100
/PO' . . .
APPENDIX
RECOVERY READINGS or1 OBSEBVATION WELL NO.^ AFTEH . RATE PUMPING TEST ON WELL NO.
rn/9S€R /&LL E Y
Time ( t ) ! T i m e (t ') ~
since since
started stopped i n mins. ' in mins.
pumping ' pumping
Depth 1 Residual o water I drawdown i n w e l l i i n w e l l from top i n feet of casing' (stat ic
Time V a l u e of
t; 1 t'
3Za $. . . . . . . . . . . 0-5 _-
....... 3 w %. . i ...... L!-K..- . . . . .
322 % i . . . .
....
3 z/ ! /. a
3032 : 2 . B
.... - __ ............. - ..... _- .......
i
. . . . .
323 .. -..+ i 3,o 323% j 3,5
.. -. .....
. . . . . . . _ ......... . ... - ...... - -. .
. 324 -+ 4@ 3 3 . P 23 .. I... . 9%
.. 3R5 I z o 326 I 60.
.......... ._
... i
- ........ .-.c ....
I_ ....... -. ..... .. _-__ ... ___ ... -_ .....
..................... - .... ___ ._. ..... . - .- -.
-. - ...... ............ ._ - ................ -. ...
... ...... -.___.I .. -. .... ... ................... -
-. ..... ................. ..........
........ - ........... . . . . . - . - ....... _. .
-. . . - ...... I
...........
-- .............
.......... 9,o ... 3 3 -. .. . _ _ ...... - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
38
35 ......... -. .. .
. . . . . . . . . . .
.... f! ........ -
95- ... ..............
$0 - ......... -. ........
.. _. . . .... ..
355 j ....
36u / I /
.... 29.0Z _. . . 1 0.5Z 29.00 i He50
~ ~ . . - ~ ............... -.
. . I .............. I
.................. .- .. .. __ .... ... 1
.--- ._ . - -.+ ...- __
- 365 - . . - .
- 370 . ._.
.- ... _. . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . ...
I . . . . . . -. ..................... _. . . . . . . .
i i . . . . . . . . . .. _. .- .... ....... ................... _- . . . . . . . .
....... -1. ........... - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . .- . . . - ........... ................... -- ..........
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- . . . . .
1 . . . . . . . . . I . . - I
.... : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :
! ....
. -. .......
i
. . !
I
i ! I 4
I I . -.
- I 1
- !
W
5 ~~CONSTAIX RATEII PUNPING TEST DATA FRON ~ L L NO. - Date FE&+ 32/77 w d2 PUnlrc;7//UG
&==2&??#e YdLLE y mw7- 447cA/&&y
I Time Time ( t) 1 Depth t o !Drawdown I Height of U.S.ga1s.
s ince water i n i n w e l l I water i n per min. ' well , in feet I tube on 1 discharge start of pumping I f ron t o p ( s t a t i c o r i f i c e , from w e l l I
' i n feet /6*5,9 i n inches
I
1 A i n mins. ' of casing = 1 j Pipe ' 1
1
I I I
Ad0 A43
I
. .. i
I I I I
i - I r - - - - I- - - - I I .I ........ . .- .... I . . . . .I... .... -- . . . .
I i 4 ...... .. ... . . . . . .... b 1 t I
.____._.__-.I
.
- - __I I
1 i I I ..-.--I -. __ _I_I .. __.I_ .- - ......... i ... -. .. 1 ............. -. 4 .... I
..... ....... . . . .. ....... ..... ~ . _ _ _ _ _ _ S - I I- . ._.. 1 I 1
i
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I . . . . I
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1 I
1
-- ,
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. .~ ................. - . .
I 1 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I 1. - ~. . . . . . . . . . . . .
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........ _. ......
. . . . . .
. . ~ I_
.............
. . .- ...
...........
. .
..........
APPENDIX
RECOVERY READINGS or1 OBSERVATION WELL NO. - 5 AFTER . CONSTANT RATE PUMPING TEST ON WELL NO. - 8
I I
Time ( t ) ; ~ i m e (t') since since
PmPing pumping started stopped i n mins. i n mins.
3/5 0 . .- . . .; ......... - -
. . .3 92. . . . . 2 7 . . . . . - ...
! i
I
I . . . . . . . . -
_. .L .. . . . . . - I
.............
I
! i
.I-.. ..
....... ................... _- -. I
... - 2
i 1 ...... -.._--.I._.-
_. . . . - I ..
i ........ :.., . .......
i
. . . . . . . . . . . . I I
- ..... ,. ..... ......... 1
..... - .. . __ ......... _ _ .... -
- . . . . . . ............ - I .... .~..- _ ......
i .... - . . . . . . . - .- - .... - -
. I ..... .. ... I
.. - -. ... ._. ......... .
- ... ............... - . . _-
........... - . . . . . _ - .. - .. - ... - ..
...... .. - - . ......
-. ... -. ..... ... ..
I ..... .- .... .. __ .___. . ._ ....... .- ....
I - ... . .... . I
... .. .-I. -. . . . . . . . .
Value of
ti / t'
. .
t - I
.- . . . . . . . . ... -_ .. ...... 1 .. I ! - . . . ! ....... . . .
I I
I
- Date 22 ,/?77
I
Residual Depth ,o water drawdown i n w e l l j i n well from top in feet of casing' ( s tat ic
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i i n feet I = j b q ) I /7&6 4.- i
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Depth t o I Drawdown Height of water i n I i n well
well 1 in feet from t o p 1 ( s ta t ic of casing : - - 1 in feet 1 3L3.yz
!
water i n tube on
o r i f i c e
i n inches ' P I P
Time (t) s ince
start of PwnPing i n mlns.
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"CONSTA!!" RATE" PLRPINC TEST DATA FROK WELL NO. - 6' / ~ ~ / ~ 7 ~ % % ! ~ -#I)
Date F ~ B . z Z ) 1 9 7 7 FR&%z J#LLE'/ %?0&'7 hy~C2(i$;tey --
Time since
s ta r t of well pumping I from t o p
! I in mins. ; of casing , = 3 d , 4L 1 in feet j !
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Time
,
Depth I Residual 1 i n wel l 1 i n well 1 of casing ( s t a t i c in feet I from top
t o water I drawdown
i n f e e t , =zg,59 1 1
I Time (t) Time (tl)
s ince s ince pumping pumping s t a r t e d stopped i n mins. i n mins.
Value of
t 1 t'
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'3c.50 .... - .... - .......... / . . . . . . . . , .. .- . . . . . . . . c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ _ ... ......
330.0 ... . -
....... - . . . . - ....
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - I i 23.58 i I /.08
..........
- .- I--. _-_ 2 9 . 3 9 *-.
29.35 0.85 . . . . . -. .. ..... ................... -.
....... ... 36.56 .. -
I - $9.33 ... .... f 0.83 . - I ........... - ......... - -. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29,zg -. . __- 1 0.78 1 ... ......... .- ............. 372 /z. 0 _ _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . ,33f ........ 156 ......... - . .. - .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
c.z9..92 . . . . . . a.5z . . . . -. ................... .- _. . . . - 1 ..-
._ 29.00 j a.50
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