oem design-in guide - future electronics lighting/929000497903.pdf · 3.6.1 photometric diagrams 7...
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OEM Design-in guideFortimo LED LLM (linear light module system) – Version 1.0
•FortimoLEDLLM1100&1800in3000&4000K
2 Design-in guide Fortimo LED LLM System
Contents1. Introduction of the Fortimo LED LLM system 3
1.1 Features and benefits 3
1.2 Applications 3
2. LEDs, the heart of the Fortimo LED LLM 4
2.1 What is a LED? 4
2.2 LED packaging 4
2.3 Binning 5
2.4 LUXEON Rebel LEDs 5
2.5 Fortimo addresses the issue of binning 5
2.6 Color consistency (SDCM) 5
2.7 Miniaturization 5
3.FortimoLEDLLMsystem 6
3.1 The Fortimo LED LLM system components 6
3.2 Nomenclature 6
3.3 Fortimo LED Linear portfolio 6
3.4 Dimensions of the Fortimo LED LLM system 7
3.5 Fixation (mechanical) 7
3.6 Lighting performance characteristics 7
3.6.1 Photometric diagrams 7
3.6.2 Spectral power distribution Fortimo LED LLM 8
3.6.3 UV and other hazards 8
3.6.4 Photobiological safety aspects 8
3.6.5 Measurements on the Fortimo LED LLM 9
3.7 Starting characteristics 9
3.8 Luminous flux during start period 9
3.9 Dimming function of driver 9
3.10 Electromagnetic compatibility 9
3.11 Exposure to direct sunlight 10
3.12 Vibration and shocks 10
3.13 Standards and approvals 10
3.14 IP codes, dust and moisture protection 10
3.15 About the Fortimo LED LLM module 10
3.16 About the Fortimo LED LLM driver 10
3.17 About the Fortimo LED LLM cable 11
3.18 Fortimo LED LLM System disposal 11
4.Systemperformancespecifications 11
5. Designing a luminaire 12
5.1 UL recommendations 12
5.2 Electrostatic device (ESD) measures 12
5.3 Wiring 12
5.4 Optical design (Secondary optics) 12
5.5 Thermal management 12
5.5.1 Test requirements 12
5.5.2 Temperature range 12
5.5.3 Critical temperature points (Tc) 13
5.5.4 Operation under built-in conditions 13
5.5.5 Heat sink design 13
5.5.6 Heat sink material 14
5.5.7 Thermal radiation and emission coefficient 14
5.5.8 Surface area 14
5.5.9 Thermal design 15
5.5.10 Calculation of thermal resistance 15
5.5.11 Thermal management 15
5.5.12 Calculating your heat sink 15
5.6 Recommendations 15
5.6.1 Thermal interface 15
3Design-in guide Fortimo LED LLM System
1. Introduction of the Fortimo LED LLM systemThank you for choosing the Fortimo LED LLM system.
This guide tells you all about this system. If you require any further
information or support please contact your sales representative or
visit www.philips.com/fortimo.
Rapidimprovementsinhigh-powerLEDtechnologymeanthatLEDscannowbe
usedforthefirsttimeincommonlightingapplications,providingimprovements
overtraditionallightingsystems.Incontrasttotraditionallamps,OEMshave
additionaldesignelementstoconsiderwhenusingLEDs.Forexample,howto
designaroundatechnologythatiseverevolving;howtoprovidethenecessary
heatsinkingrequiredfortheapplication,andhowtomanagevariationsinfluxand/
or color. The Fortimo LED LLM system is designed for integration into luminaires.
Thistechnicalapplicationguideaddressestherelevantissuestosupportand
facilitatetheworkofspecifiersandlightingsystemdesigners.
TheFortimoLEDLLMsystemcanbeusedforindoorluminaires,andincertain
outdoorapplicationsaswellaslongasthiscreatesnodesignconflictswiththe
systemanditmeetslocalstandards.Pleaseconsultusifyouwishtodeviatefrom
thedesignrulesasdescribedinthisapplicationguide.Intheapplicationguideyou
willalsofindreferencestoheatsinkingandreflectormanufactures.
Fortimo LED LLM driver
Fortimo LED LLM module
1.1 Features and benefits
Features Benefits
LinearshapedLEDmodule Easilycreatesuniformandretangularlightpatterns
Fortimotechnologyapplied(RemotePhosphorFilmlayer) Highlyefficient,energy-savinglightsource(>64lm/Watsystemlevel)
OffersthelatestinPhilipsLEDtechnology,ensuringperformanceandproductavailability ReducedLEDsupplychaincomplexityforOEMS
No mercury Environmentalfriendly
Long lifetime (50,000 hours) Reliablesystemperformance
Future-proof/easyreplacement Upgradeable
1.2 Applications
•Generallighting
•Ambientlighting
•Wallwashing
4 Design-in guide Fortimo LED LLM System
2. LEDs, the heart of the Fortimo LED LLM2.1 What is a LED?
LEDsaresolid-statedevices,builtupfromcrystallinelayersofsemiconductor
material.Thelightgenerationprocessmakesuseofthespecialelectronic
propertiesofcrystallinesemiconductorsinaprocesscalledinjectionluminescence.
Inbrief,thismeanstheinjectionofchargedparticlesbyanelectricfieldfromone
semiconductorlayerintoanother,wheretheyareabletorelaxtoalower-energy
statebyemittingvisiblelight.LEDsproducenarrowlightspectra.Thebandwidth
remainslimitedtoafewtensofnanometers,andarethereforeperceivedby
thehumaneyeasasingle,deeplysaturatedcolor.LEDsarenowavailableinall
wavelengthregionsofthevisiblespectrum;yellowistheonlyregioninwhichno
high-powerLEDiscurrentlyavailable.Whitelightcanbeproducedbycombining
LEDsofdifferentcolors(forinstancered,greenandblue),orbyapplyingphosphor
coatingsonblueorultravioletLEDs.Likemanyotherlamps,LEDscannotbe
connecteddirectlytothemains.TheLEDshavetobeoperatedatastabilized
lowvoltage,whichisprovidedbydriverelectronics.However,LEDsdonotneed
ignitionandcanbeswitchedwithinmilliseconds.LEDsdonotgeneratenearlyas
muchheatasmanyotherlamps,butthatdoesnotmeanthatthermaldesignisnot
important.LEDsdoproduceheatwhentheyoperate,andarethemselvesrelatively
sensitivetotemperature.Thermalconsiderationsarethereforeveryimportant
aspectsofLEDlightingsystemdesign.
2.2 LED packaging
ThebareLEDdieisstillaverysensitiveandfragiledevicethatmustbehandledin
acleanroomenvironment.Beforebringingthemoutside,theymustbepackaged.
ThelightfluxofconventionalLEDs,forexample,thoseusedasindicatorlights
onTVsets,isseverelylimitedbytheamountofheatgenerated.Inpractice,
conventionalLEDpackagesarelimitedtoabout0.15Watmost,andemitonly
afewlumens.Theirlightistooweaktobeusedforilluminationpurposes,and
theycanonlybeusedforluminanceapplications(i.e.whenthelightsourceis
intendedtobevieweddirectly).Abreakthroughcamewithanewpackagedesign
inventedbyPhilipsLumileds,whichguidesawaytheheatgeneratedatthediode
junctionmuchmoreefficiently.LEDsbasedonthispackagearesoldunderthe
trademarkLuxeon.Insteadofanepoxycap,thechipisencapsulatedinasilicone
gelcoveredbyapolymerlens.Usingtwodifferentmaterialsforencapsulationand
fortheprimaryopticsallowsbetteroptimizationofmaterialpropertiesforheat
managementandlifetime.Theslugisalargemetalbodythattakesuptheheatfrom
thechipandprovidesalow-thermal-resistanceroutetotheoutsideworld.This
packagedesignnowmakeshigh-powerLEDsfeasible.
2.3 Binning
ThesubjectofbinningshouldbeexplainedbecauseofitsimportanceinLED
systemdesign.Asinothersemiconductormanufacturingprocesses,inLED
productionthenumberofparametersoftheepitaxyprocessisverylargeand
theprocesswindowsmall(forexample,thetemperaturemustbecontrolledto
within0.5°C(<1°F)acrossthewaferattemperaturesof~800°C(1470°F).The
difficultyofachievingsuchahighdegreeofcontrolmeansthatthepropertiesof
theLEDsmayvarysignificantlywithinsingleproductionrunsandevenonthe
samewafer.Toobtainconsistencyforagivenapplication,binning(=selectionin
bins)ismandatory.BinninginvolvescharacterizationoftheLEDsbymeasurement
LUXEON Rebel LED
Cutoff section LED
SiliconeLens
CeramicSubstrate
TVS
Cathode
LEDChip
BondLayer
Metal Interconnect Layer
Thermal Pad(electrically isolated)
5Design-in guide Fortimo LED LLM System
Color consistency (SDCM)
0,3700,350
0,450
0,380 0,390 0,400 0,410 0,420 0,430CIE x
CIE
y
0,440 0,450 0,460 0,470
BBL3000K4000K7 SDCM off BBL 3000K7 SDCM off BBL 4000K5 SDCM off BBL 3000K5 SDCM off BBL 4000Kmeasurements high fluxLL_NW_binsLL_WW_bind
andsubsequentlycategorizingthemintoseveralspecificbins.Tokeepthecostper
LEDdown,LEDmanufacturersmustsellthefullproductiondistribution.Atthe
sametimetheycannotguaranteetheavailabilityofallbinsatalltimes.Thereisa
trade-offbetweenlogisticsandcostpriceontheonehand,andtheapplication
requirementsontheother.Settingthespecificationtootightlywillincreasethe
costpriceandmayleadtologisticsproblems.Systemdesignshouldthereforetry
tocombineLEDsfromdifferentbinsintelligentlytoobtaintherequiredsystem
performanceatareasonablepriceandwithreasonabledeliveryreliability.
2.4 LUXEON Rebel LEDs
LUXEONRebelisthesmallestsurfacemountablepowerLEDavailabletoday.With
theindustry’sbestlumensperpackage,highestlightdensity(lumenspermm2), and
thehighestpackingdensity,LUXEONRebelisidealforbothspaceconstrainedand
conventionalsolidlightingapplications.Duetothesmallmountingsurfacewehave
beenabletousemultipleLUXEONRebelwithintheFortimoproductsinorderto
matchrequiredhighlumenpackages.
2.5 Fortimo addresses the issue of binning
High-qualityLEDlightisachievedbymixingthelightofblueLEDsandapplyinga
specialFortimophosphortechnologyremotefromtheLEDs.High-qualitywhite
lightforoutdoorapplicationsischaracterizedbyacolorrenderingofminimal70,
popularCCTsingenerallightingapplicationsof3000Kand4000Kandacolor
consistencycomparablewithconventionalPLLandHIDsolutions(fiveto
sevenSDCM).
2.6 Color consistency (SDCM)
ThetargetspecificationofFortimoLEDLLMsystemsforcolorconsistencyis
5SDCMat0-hoursand7SDCMat10Khrs.Thisisasimilarspecificationasfor
conventionalPLLlamps.SDCMstandsforStandardDeviationofColorMatching
andthevalue5referstothesizeofanellipsearoundtheblackbodylocus.
Stayingwithinthisellipseresultsinaconsistencyoflightthatensuresthatfrom
oneluminairetoanothernodifferencecanbenoticed.
Inthevisualwehaveplotted>150FortimoLEDLLMsystemsandyoucansee
theyallfitwithinthe5SDCMellipse.Thisreallydemonstratestheuniquequalityof
theremotephosphorconcept.Wealsoplottedtheseresultsinatypicalbin
distributionsheetofPhilipsLumileds.Asyoucansee,alloftheFortimoLEDLLM
system’sshownfitwithin1bin.Typicallyyoucanbuy6to12binscombinations,
notsopreciseasthe1-binresultofFortimoLEDLLMsystems.
2.7 Miniaturization
LEDsaretypicallymuchsmallerthanconventionallightsources.Lightingdesigners
andspecifiersimmediatelyrecognizedthefactthatLEDsallowdramatically
differentlightingdesignsthatcapitalizeonthesetiny,unobtrusivelightsources.This
isunderstandable,butcaremustalsobetakentodealwiththeheatproducedby
powerLEDs.Properheatmanagementplaceslimitsonminiaturization.
6 Design-in guide Fortimo LED LLM System
TheFortimoLEDLLMportfoliooffersacompleterangeoflinearlightingsolutions.
Itisprimarilydesignedforluminairesforindooruse,butcanalsobeusedin
certainoutdoorapplications.Furtherextensionsoftheportfoliowillbeinhigh
lumenpackagesandprogrammabledimmingfeatures.Futureproductswillmake
useofthecurrentformfactortobuildfurtheronthefuture-proofpromiseof
FortimoLEDLLMsystems.Asthesystemisfuture-proof,itwillbepossibleto
replaceandupgradethesystemwithoutmodifyingtheluminaire.
3.1 The Fortimo LED LLM system components
•FortimoLEDlinearlightmodule
•FortimoLEDLLMdriver
•FortimoLEDLLMcable(50cm)
3.2 Nomenclature
3.3 Fortimo LED linear portfolio
Fortimo LED LLM System
3. Fortimo LED LLM system
Philips Fortimo LED LLM1800
28W/730 120-277V
Philips Brandname
Fortimo Familytype
LED LED system
LLM Fortimotypediscriptor
1800 Lightoutput
28W Energyconsumptionsystem
730 CRI+CCT
120-277V Voltage range
Philips Fortimo LED LLM System
(driver, module and cable)Part Number
3000K
Fortimo LED LLM US 1800 23W/830 929000497903
Fortimo LED LLM US 1100 14W/830 929000498003
4000K
Fortimo LED LLM US 1800 22W/740 929000498103
Fortimo LED LLM US 1100 12W/740 929000498203
Driver
Fortimo LED driver (DLM, LLM, SLM 1100/1800/2000) 913701213402
Cable
Fortimo LED LLM cable 50 cm without fan 442240069731
7Design-in guide Fortimo LED LLM System
A1 B1 C1 D1 E1 F1 F2 F3 F4 G1
9.05"(230.0) 1.77"(45.0) 1.65"(42.0) 8.44"(214.5) 0.18"(4.5) 4.55"(116.6) 1.18"(30.0) 3.00"(76.4) 4.20"(106.7) 2.0"(50.8)
3.4 Dimensions of Fortimo LED LLM system
3.5 Fixation (mechanical)
Theseparatecomponents(DriverandModule)oftheFortimoLEDLLMsystem
canbesecurelyfastenedbythemountingholeslocatedonthemoduleanddriver.
Pleaserefertodimensionaldrawingforthespecificdetailssuchapitchanddiameter.
The3DCADfileswillbeavailablefordownloadingfromwww.philips.com/fortimo.
Forfixationofthesystem,weadvisetousehexagonsocketheadcapscrewM4
(DIN912/ISO4762)withcylindricalheadsM4(DIN7980)ofStainlesssteelA2
(DIN1.4301/AISI304).
3.6 Lighting performance characteristics
3.6.1Photometricdiagrams
Dimensions in inches (mm).
Fortimo LED LLM module Fortimo LED LLM driver
4.20" (106.7)
3.00" (76.4)
4.55" (116.6)
-BS-LD
1.18" (30.0)
FF4
F2
F3G
Batwing light distributionPolar diagrams Fortimo LED LLM
8 Design-in guide Fortimo LED LLM System
3.6.2SpectralpowerdistributionFortimoLEDLLM
3.6.3UVandotherhazards
PETvalue>100hrs./Klux(zeroUV)
Damagefactor0.08at4100K
IR(infrared)radiation.AswellasbeingfreeofUVradiation,theLEDmodulesare
alsofreeofinfraredradiationinthebeam.
3.6.4Photobiologicalsafetyaspects
AsofMarch2007,LEDsandLED-basedproductsforgenerallightingarenolonger
includedinthescopeoftheEyeSafetystandardforlasers,IEC60825-1Safety of
laser products. Thenewlampstandard,IEC62471Photobiological safety of lamps and
lamp systems, coveringincoherentlightsources,isnowapplicable.Thisinternational
standardgivesguidanceforevaluatingthephotobiologicalsafetyoflampsandlamp
systemsincludingluminaires.Specifically,itspecifiestheexposurelimits,reference
measurementtechniqueandclassificationschemefortheevaluationandcontrol
ofphotobiologicalhazardsfromallelectricallypoweredincoherentbroadband
sourcesofopticalradiation,includingLEDs,butexcludinglasers,inthewavelength
rangefrom200nmthrough3000nm.Inthephotobiologicalsafetystandard,hazard
categoriesaredefinedasfollows:
Radiance-based:
•Bluelight LB 300–700 nm
•Retinalthermal LR 380–1400 nm
•Retinalthermalweakstimulus LIR 780–1400 nm
Irradiance-based:
•ActinicUVskin&eye ES 200–400 nm
•EyeUVA EUVA 315–400 nm
•Bluelightsmallsources EB 300–700 nm
•EyeIR EIR 780–3000 nm
SpecialPowerDistributionFortimoLEDLLM3000K
Wavelength (nm)
SpecialPowerDistributionFortimoLEDLLM4000K
Wavelength (nm)
8007006005004003000
0,005
0,01
0,015
0,02
0,025
0,035
0,04
8007006005004003000
0,005
0,01
0,015
0,02
0,025
0,03
0,035
9Design-in guide Fortimo LED LLM System
3.6.5MeasurementsontheFortimoLEDLLM
Thefollowingshouldbetakenintoaccount:
TheeffectiveradiancemeasurementforBlueLight(LB)modulesis‘Low’,meaning
thattheLEDmodulesarecategorizedinRiskGroup1.Forthe1800lumen
version,thepermittedexposuretimeforBlueLightradiance(relevantwhen
lookingintothesource)islimitedto1.5hours,whileforthe1100lumenversion
itis3hours.BecauseoftheLawofConservationofRadiance,integratingtheLED
module into a luminaire results in either the same radiance or a reduced radiance.
Final assessment of the luminaire is recommended.
•Themeasuredirradiance-basedvalues(E)forthecategorizedhazardsareall
withintheexemptgroup(both1100and1800lumenversions).
•Ingeneralthepermittedexposuretimeforirradianceislimitedwheninthelow,
moderateorhighriskgroup.Limitingtheexposuretimeand/orthedistanceto
thesourcecanreducethehazardlevel.However,forthemeasuredLEDmodules
therearenospecialprecautionsnecessarysincetheyarerankedintheexempt
group.Finalassessmentoftheluminaire(includinge.g.secondaryoptics)is
recommended.
!PhotobiologicalsafetyisnotassurediftheFortimoLEDmoduleis
litupwithoutthecover.DirectexposuretotheblueLEDlightis
dangerous for the eyes.
3.7 Starting characteristics
Thesystemcanbeswitchedoninmilliseconds,whichisageneralcharacteristicof
LEDs.Itisplannedtohaveaprogrammableoutdoordriver,makingitpossibleto
switchinmillisecondstoanydimminglevelforanylengthoftime.
3.8 Luminous flux during start period
Incontrasttootherlightsources,LEDscanbeswitchedonatfullpower(orat
anyotherdimmedlevel)instantaneously.TheFortimoLEDLLMsystemrequiresan
initialburning-intimeof100hourstoreachthelistedspecificationsbecauseofthe
combinationoftheLEDsandtheremotephosphorusedinthemodules.
3.9 Dimming function of driver
The dimming characteristics of the Fortimo LED LLM makes use of a so called
amplitude(AM)dimmingprotocol.MostLEDsystemsusePWM(pulsewidth
modulation),whichmeansthatthecurrentisswitchedon/offathighfrequency.
Whendimmingthetimebetweentheonandoffswitchingincreases.AMdimming
reducesthecurrentthroughtheLEDstoachievelowerlightlevelsandanother
advantageisthatthereisno:
•Noaudiblenoiseduringdimming.
•Novisualinterferencewithotherlightingorvideosources.
3.10 Electromagnetic compatibility
Electromagneticcompatibility,EMC,istheabilityofadeviceorsystemtooperate
satisfactorilyinitselectromagneticenvironmentwithoutcausingunacceptable
interferenceinpracticalsituations.ThissystemmeetsFCCClassArequirements
in a reference luminare.
Hazard Category Emission Limit
LB Low(RiskGroup1)
LR Exempt
LIR Exempt
ES Exempt
EUVA Exempt
EB Exempt
EIR Exempt
Emission limit
Note: Exempt = no risk
20.000 100 200 300 400
I_LED[mA]
Eff
ic. [L
m/W
]
500 600 700 800
Fortimo AM Dimmingwith heatsink
At low dimming levels the driver lossesbecome relatively dominant, but the efficiencybenefit is still very large
Fortimo PWM Dimmingwith heatsink
25.00
30.00
35.00
40.00
45.00
50.00
55.00
60.00
100% lightlevel
LED
Cur
rent
50% lightlevel
AM Dimming
LED
Cur
rent
50% lightlevel
PWM Dimming
LED
Cur
rent
More then 30% efficiencyincrease during dimming
Measured with passive cooling, 2000Lm, 4000KSystem efficiency(module+driver)
10 Design-in guide Fortimo LED LLM System
3.11 Exposure to direct sunlight
Exposuretodirectsunlightduringoperationmayhaveseveretemperature
orUVeffects.Wherethissituationislikely,extensivetemperaturetestingis
recommended.TheFortimoLEDLLMsystemsarebuild-insystems,sothisis
expectedtobenegligible.
3.12 Vibration and shocks
Shockresistance:50gat6mssemi-sinusoidal.
Vibrationresistance:Sweep50-150Hz,onehouratresonancefrequency
(all3axes)withoutfailure.
3.13 Standards and approvals
FortimoLEDLLMsystemscomplywiththefollowingrulesandregulations:
•ULrecognized
•CSA
3.14 IP codes, dust and moisture protection
TheFortimoLEDLLMmodulesanddriversarebuild-insystemsandhave
thereforenoIPclassification.TheFortimoLEDLLMsystemisnotdesigned
foroperationinfreeair.TheOEMisresponsibleforproperIPclassification
andapprobationoftheluminaire.TheFortimoLEDLLMSystemisalsodamp
location rated.
3.15 About the Fortimo LED LLM module
TheFortimoLEDLLMmoduleconsistsbasicallyoffourmaincomponents:
•PCBwithLEDs
•Mixingchamber
•Heatsink
•Diffuserwithremotephosphortechnology
High-quality,whitelightwithhighefficienciesisachievedwithaplainPCBwith
LEDsandaremotephosphorfilmlayer.Themixingchamberensuresperfectly
mixedlight,resultinginuniformcolorsandgoodcolorconsistency.Theheatsink
facilitatesoptimalheattransferandhelpsluminairemanufacturerstodesigntheir
ownheatsinksystem.Theheatsinkisequippedwithaholeoneithersideofthe
moduleforfixing.Thefunctionofthediffuseristoshapethelightoutput,resulting
inabatwingdistrubution.Theluminairemanufacturerhasthefreedomtodesign
itsownsecondaryoptics.TheoveralldimensionsoftheFortimoLEDLLMmodule,
i.e.thecombinationofheatsinkandmixingchamber,isoptimizedforlumen
packagesvaryingfrom1100lumento4500lumen.
3.16 About the Fortimo LED LLM driver
ThehighlyefficientFortimoLEDLLMdriverisspeciallydesignedtooperatethe
FortimoLEDLLMmodule.Itisdesignedtooperatehigh-powerLEDs.
•Maximumcurrentsettingsof700mA •Class2andisolatedoutput
•Maximum56Venablesclassification •0-10VDimmable
ofthesystemasaULClass2powersupply •Connectorized
•Highefficiency:85%atfullload •Smallsize
•Tcaselife=75°C
Exploded view Fortimo LED LLM (module)
Fortimo LED driver
11Design-in guide Fortimo LED LLM System
3.17 About the Fortimo LED LLM cable
ForconnectingaFortimoLEDLLMdrivertoaFortimoLEDLLMmodulea
specificcablehasbeendeveloped.ThestandardFortimoLEDLLMcableis500mm.
JST connector:
HousingJSTXAP-05V-1
ContactJSTSXA-001T-P0.6
Cable:
5xWire24AWGULstyle1569(green,blue,red,yellow,black)
Heatshrinktube
Pin 5: Wire 24 AWG UL style 1569 Grey = Signal ground
Pin 4: Wirre 24 AWG UL style 1569 Blue = LED module setting
Pin 3: Wire 24 AWG UL style 1569 Red = NTC (thermal control)
Pin 2: Wire 24 AWG UL style 1569 Yellow = Power ground
Pin 1: Wire 24 AWG UL style 1569 Black = Current (power utput)
3.18 Fortimo LED LLM system disposal
Attheendoftheirlifetime,appropriatedisposaloftheFortimoLEDLLMsystem
oritscomponentsisrecommended.Themodulesarebasicallynormalpiecesof
electronicequipmentcontainingcomponentsthatatpresentarenotconsidered
tobeharmfultotheenvironment,andcanbedisposedofwithnormalcare.Itis
thereforerecommendedtodisposeofthesepartsasnormalelectronicwaste,
according to local regulations.
Fortimo LED LLM Cable
4. System performance specifications
Philips Fortimo LED LLM System (module, driver and cable)
Module 12NC
Driver 12NC Cable 12NC
Vin (V)
P (W)
Iin(mA) @120V pf
THD (%) Flux
Color Temp.
Nom Nom Nom Nom Nom Nom Nom
Fortimo LED LLM US 1800/830 929000498103 913701213402 442240069731 120-277V 26.5 220 >0.9 <20 1800 4000K
Fortimo LED LLM US 1800/730 929000497903 913701213402 442240069731 120-277V 28 230 >0.9 <20 1800 3000K
Fortimo LED LLM US 1100/740 929000498203 913701213402 442240069731 120-277V 16 135 >0.9 <20 1100 4000K
Fortimo LED LLM US 1100/330 929000498003 913701213402 442240069731 120-277V 18.5 155 >0.9 <20 1100 3000K
Philips Fortimo LED LLM System (module, driver and cable)
CRIEff.
(lm/W)B50L70 @ TC 55C
of ModuleB50L70 @ TC 65C
of Module Tamb (°C) Tcase Module (°C) Tcase Driver (°C)
Nom Nom Nom Nom Nom Typ Max Typ Max
Fortimo LED LLM US 1800/830 75 71 50K hrs 35K hrs (-20) to 35 55 65 75 85
Fortimo LED LLM US 1800/730 80 64 50K hrs 35K hrs (-20) to 35 55 65 75 85
Fortimo LED LLM US 1100/740 75 67 50K hrs 35K hrs (-20) to 35 55 65 75 85
Fortimo LED LLM US 1100/830 80 59 50K hrs 35K hrs (-20) to 35 55 65 75 85
Fortimo LED LLM Cable
12 Design-in guide Fortimo LED LLM System
5.1 UL recommendations
ThegeneralrecommendationsforluminairedesignbyULandthenationalsafety
regulationsarealsoapplicabletoFortimoLEDLLMsystems.Theluminaire
manufacturerisadvisedtoconformtolocalstandardsofluminairedesign.
5.2 Electrostatic device (ESD) measures
TheFortimoLEDLLMsystemsdonotrequirespecialESDmeasuresina
productionenvironment.
5.3 Wiring
Thestickeronthepowersupplyshowstheconnectionslayoutfortheconnection
tomains.Thesystemshouldnotbeservicedwhenmainsvoltageisconnected;this
includesconnectingordisconnectingtheFortimoLEDLLMcable.Useonlysolid
18AWGwire,UL1452style.
5.4 Optical design (secondary optics)
TheFortimoLEDLLMmodulegeneratesabatwingbeamshape,whichisa
pragmaticstartingpointforsecondaryopticdesignbyOEMs.Secondaryopticsare
notpartoftheFortimoLEDLLMsystemofferingasthisisanaddedvaluearea
forOEMs.AcomplementaryreflectorbusinessaroundtheFortimoLEDLLMis
beingdevelopingbyseveralcompaniessuchasAluxLuxarandJordan.Availableby
requestareRay-SetFiles.
5.5 Thermal management
Foroptimalperformance,theFortimoLEDLLMsystemmustoperatewithin
specifiedtemperaturelimits.Dependingontheapplicationandluminairedesign,a
suitablesolutionforthethermalmanagementshouldbeapplied.
5.5.1 Test requirements
Temperaturemeasurementsshouldonlybeperformedwhentheluminaireis
thermallystable,whichmaytake0.5to2hoursdependingonthethermalcapacity
oftheluminaire.Forallmeasurementssuchastemperature,luminousfluxand
power,astabilizationperiodofatleasthalfanhourmustbeallowedbeforeany
reliabledatacanbeobtained.Measurementsmustbeperformedbymeansof
thermocouplesthatarefirmlygluedtothesurface(andnot,forexample,secured
withadhesivetape).
5.5.2Temperaturerange
BecauseLEDsaretemperature-sensitive,LEDmodulesrequireadifferent
approachwithrespecttothermalmanagement.Thesystemhasbeendesignedto
operatebetween-20°Cand65°CatTcase.Thelowerandupperlimithasbeen
determinedbytheapplicationandbythecomponentsusedindirectrelationto
theperformanceandreliabilityofthesystem.
5. Designing a luminaire
13Design-in guide Fortimo LED LLM System
5.5.3Criticaltemperaturepoints(Tc)
ForLEDs,thejunctiontemperatureisthecriticalfactorforoperation.Since
thereisadirectrelationbetweenthecasetemperatureandtheLEDjunction
temperature,itissufficienttomeasurethealuminumcasingoftheFortimoLED
LLMmoduleatitscriticalpoint(Tc).TheTcpointislocatedonthebacksurface
oftheFortimoLEDLLMmoduleandforthedriver,itisnotedonthelabel.Ifthe
casetemperatureattheTcpointexceedstherecommendedTclifeof55°C,the
performanceoftheLEDsandtheFortimoLEDLLMsystemwillbeadversely
affected,intermsoflightoutput,lifetimeandlumenmaintenance.
IfduetoinsufficientthermalmanagementorothercircumstancestheTcpoint
reaches70°C(typ),athermalcircuit*willbeengaged.Thiscircuitwillstart
dimmingtheLEDmodule.Thethermalcircuitisonlyafailsafeinordertoprotect
themoduleagainstoverheating.Theoptimumperformanceisonlyarchivedif
Tcpointstaysbelow55°C.Thegraphshowstheeffectontherelativefluxasa
functionofTctemperature.
*The thermal circuit is applied in all Fortimo LED LLM versions.
5.5.4Operationunderbuilt-inconditions
TheheatproducedbytheFortimoLEDLLMdriverandmoduleintheluminaire
(orsimilarhousing)mustbedissipatedtothesurroundings,ifthisisnottakencare
ofitwillhaveanadverseeffectonsystemperformanceandlifetime.
5.5.5 Heat sink design
Toensureperformance,itisessentialthatthecriticaltemperatureofmodule
anddriverstaysbelow55°C.Thethermalmanagementcanbedonein3ways—
conduction,radiationandconvectionoracombinationofthese(seefiguretoleft).
Tc point light module
Relative light output
0
20
25 35 45 55 65 75 85
40
60
80
Temperature
Relat
ive li
ght o
utpu
t
100
120
3 types of heat transport
Luminaire
Heat sink
Thermal interface material
Heat sink
LEDs
Conduction
Radiation
Convection
14 Design-in guide Fortimo LED LLM System
Material W/mK
Copper 400
Aluminum 200
Brass 100
Steel 50
Corrosion-resistantsteel 15
Thermal conductivity
Material W/mK Emission coefficient
Aluminium new/polished 0.04-0.06
oxidized 0.2-0.3
anodized 0.8
Steel painted 0.8-0.95
new/polished 0.03-0.07
heavilyoxidized 0.7-0.8
Emission coefficients
14
7
3
4 7 20Volume Luminaire [dm3]
Hea
t si
nk s
urfa
ce [
dm2 ]
Costofheatsink
Typicalvolumecobraheadluminaire Typicalvolumepoletopluminaire
Heat sink
Note:
The objective of this chapter is not to indicate exactly how to calculate a heat sink, but to
give some guidelines on how to improve its performance.
5.5.6 Heat sink material
Thetypeofmaterialusedhasalargeinfluenceonthefinalresult.Forexample,
acomparisonofthethermalconductivity(k)ofcopperwiththatofcorrosion-
resistantsteel(seetabletoleft)showsthatasubstantiallysmallerheatsinkcan
bemadewithcopper.Thebestmaterialforheatsinksis(soft)aluminum.The
thickness(H)oftheheatsinkisalsoofmajorimportance.Assumingthatwewould
usethesameheatsinks,butmadefromadifferentmaterial,asimilareffectwould
bearchivedwith1mmcopper,2mmaluminum,4mmbrass,8mmsteelor26mm
corrosion-resistantsteel.
5.5.7Thermalradiationandemissioncoefficient
Thermalradiationcanalsoformasubstantialpartofthetotalheattransfer,and
isofthesameorderasforconvection.Thisdependsstronglyontheemission
coefficient(seetabletoleft)ofthesurface,whichliesbetween0and1.For
example,apolishedaluminumsurfacehasaverylowemissioncoefficient,while
thatofapaintedsurfaceisveryhigh.
5.5.8Surfacearea
Althoughaheatsinkcanhavemany(complex)shapes,thedesignwilldependon
severalparameters.Dependingonapplicationoftheluminaire,surfacearea,cost,
thermalresistanceandvolumeinsideoftheluminairecanbedetermined.Hereisa
differentiationopportunityforluminairemanufacturers.
FortimoLEDLLMproductshaveanenergyconsumptionof24Wforthe
1800lmversionand14Wforthe1100lmwarmwhiteversion.Theamountof
heat(energy)thatneedstobetakenformthemoduleisabout14Wforthe
1800lmand9Wforthe1100version.Theheatsinkatthebacksideofthe
moduleisthecontactareafortheexternalheatsink.Theexternalheatsink
transportstheheatawayfromthemodule.
Byimprovingthethermalmanagement,inotherwords,loweringtheTcpointof
themodule,thesystemwillperformbetter(lifetimeandlightoutput).Hereis
anotherdifferentiationopportunityforluminairemanufacturers.Thesizeofthe
heatsinkdependsonthepowerratingofthemoduleaswellasthedesignand
volumeoftheluminaire.
Atypicalsurfaceareaofaheatsink,whenpassivelycooled,fora1800lmsystem
is10,40dm2whilethe1100lmmodulerequiresaheatsinkwithasurfacearea
of6,30dm2.Thisisbasedona“standard”heatsinkofaluminiumwithouter
dimensionsof250x40x50mm(LxHxB)andaninsidevolumeoftheluminaire
at7dm3.
OnceLEDefficiencyupgradesbecomeavailable,powerratingwillbereducedand
requiredheatsinksizecanalsobereduced.
Indication of luminaire volume vs. heat sink surface and cost
(Fortimo LED LLM 1800 lm)
Heatsink(plateshape)
15Design-in guide Fortimo LED LLM System
Luminaire
Thermal model
T ambientluminaire
Tambient
Tc
R thermal-luminaire
R thermal-heatsink
5.5.9 Thermal design
Ifonewantstocalculatetherequiredsurfaceareaoftheheatsinkarelatively
simplemodelcanbeusedasshowninthethermalmodelgraph.
5.5.10Calculationofthermalresistance
The total thermal resistance (Rth_tot) of the system is equal to the thermal
resistanceoftheheatsink(Rth_hs)plusthethermalresistanceoftheluminaire
(Rth_lum).Forthereferencecalculation,wehaveusedthefollowingtemperatures:
Tc=55°CandTambientis35°CandTambientluminaireis15°C.
TheRth_hsiscalculatedbysubtractingTambientfromTcanddevidedbythe
PdissipationoftheLightmodule.
The Rth_lum is calculated
The Rth_total is then
5.5.11 Thermal management
Tosimplifythermalmanagement,theOEMcandesigntheheatsinkinsuchaway
thatitbecomesonewiththeluminairehousing.Bymakingthehousingofthe
luminaireanintegralpartofheatmanagement,thesurfaceareaoftheinternalheat
sinkisreducedandthecalculationissimplified.
5.5.12 Calculatingyourheatsink
Thesurfaceareacanthanbecalculatedwith:
Total surface area heat sink =1
Rth_heat sink x h
Total outer surface area heat sink =1
1,43 x 7 = 0.099 m2
Thehintheequationistheheattransfercoefficient(W/m2).Thetypicalhvalueis
between5-10.
5.6 Recommendations
5.6.1 Thermal interface
Toincreasetheconductionofheatitisalwaysadvisabletousethermalinterface
material (TIM).
Rth_total = Rth_heat sink + Rth_luminiare
Rth_heat sink =Tc_Tambient
Pdissipated light module
Rth_heat sink =35º C - 15º C
14 W = 1.43º C/W
Rth_luminaire =Tambient - Tambient luminaire
Pdissipated light module & driver
Rth_luminiare =35º C - 15º C14 W + 3 W = 1.18º C/W
Rth_total = 1.43 + 1.18 = 2.61º C/W
Luminaire
T ambientluminaire
Tc
R thermal-luminaire
Termal model with integrated heat sink
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