國民小學台語課本詞性序列分析－...
TRANSCRIPT
-
I
-
III
-
V
-
VII
()
101112
61.98%51.47%49.56% 14
13 30.93% 52.99%
NV NN D VN D VH
D V
-
IX
Analysis of Part-of-speech Sequence in Taiwanese Textbook in
Elementary School: Take Jin-An Version as the Example
Wang, Nu-Ying
Abstract
In this research, Jin-An Taiwanese textbooks (volume 1-12) were used to build up
a mini corpus database. Based on Taiwanese part-of-speech sequence, it utilized
Taiwanese and Mandarin online tagging system respectively to mark the part-of-speech
and used descriptive statistics approach and comparative method to illustrate the
outcome; in addition, some doubted Mandarin-Taiwanese translation sentences were
picked up to proceed further discussion.
The research unveiled: students in lower, intermediate, higher grade learning
10,11,12 types of simplified part-of-speech sequence respectively can achieve the
learning rate of 61.98%, 51.47%, 49.56%. The coverage of the former 14 unsimplifed
part-of-speech and simplified part-of-speech are 30.93% and 52.99% individually,
which indicated simplified part-of-speech is more effective. Moreover, part-of-speech in
high rate of occurrence, such as N, VN, NDV, NDVH and DV are suggested to learn
first.
The research unveiled: students in lower, intermediate, higher grade learning
10,11,12 types of simplified part-of-speech sequence respectively can achieve the
learning rate of 61.98%, 51.47%, 49.56%. The coverage of the former 14 unsimplifed
part-of-speech and simplified part-of-speech are 30.93% and 52.99% individually,
which indicated simplified part-of-speech is more effective. Moreover, part-of-speech in
high rate of occurrence, such as N, VN, NDV, NDVH and DV are suggested to learn
first.
This research aims to throw a sprat to catch a whale, providing a reference of
selecting, editing, reading, and establish a competence index for publishers, teachers,
parents, researchers, and relevant organizations in the future.
Keywords : Taiwanese, corpus, coverage, part-of-speech marker, part-ofspeech
sequence.
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XI
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.................................................... 3
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..................................................... 7
...................................... 7
..................................... 13
.............................................. 21
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................................................... 25
................................................... 28
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........................................... 54
......................................... 65
.................................................. 71
-
XII
................................................... 71
....................................................... 73
........................................................... 77
............................................................... 85
-
XIII
- 1 2001........................... 7
1 ..................................... 23
- 1 ............................... 29
- 2 ............................... 30
- 3 ............................... 32
- 4 ................................ 33
- 5 ............................... 35
- 6 ................................ 36
- 7 ................................ 38
- 8 ................................ 39
- 9 ................................ 41
- 10 ............................... 43
- 11 ............................. 44
- 12 ............................. 47
- 13 ..................................... 50
-
XIV
- 14 ......................... 51
- 15 16 ................................ 53
- 16 12 .............. 58
- 17 1.65% ... 61
- 18 1.47% ... 62
- 19 1.32% ... 63
- 20 12 1.03% .. 64
-
XV
- 1 ...................................... 27
- 1 N V ................ 49
- 2 1~12 .............................. 50
- 3 ......................... 51
- 4 ............................. 52
- 5 ................ 59
- 6 ................ 59
- 7 ................ 60
- 8 12 ............... 60
-
1
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(1997)
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LOB BROWN
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Helsinki Corpus of Historical English
JDEST
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COBUILD
The London-Lund Corpusthe Corpus of Spoken American
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Chinese Learner English Corpus
parallel corpura
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Susan Hunston Gill Francis
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3http://corpus.linguistics.ntu.edu.tw/intro.php
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4http://140.119.174.187/ 5http://linguist.ccu.edu.tw/front/bin/ptdetail.phtml?Part=ptsay891c&Rcg=7
6http://corpora.flld.ncku.edu.tw/index.pl# 7http://dbo.sinica.edu.tw/SinicaCorpus/
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Surface Strategy Taxonomic
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11http://203.64.42.21/TGB/tagging/tagging.asp2010/08/04
-
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NNcNdNeNfNg NaNbNh NNcNcd
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1
A A /**/
Caa C /**/
Cab C /**/
Cba C /**/
Cbb C /**/
Da D /**/
Dfa D /**/
Dfb D /**/
Di D /**/
Dk D /**/
D D /**/
Na N /**/
Nb N /**/
Nc Nc /**/
-
24
1
Ncd Nc /**/
Nd Nd /**/
Neu Ne /**/.
Nes Ne /**/
Nep Ne /**/
Neqa Ne /**/
Neqb Ne /**/
Nf Nf /**/
Ng Ng /**/
Nh N /**/
I I /**/
P P /**/
T T /**/
VA V /**/
VAC V /**/
VB V /**/
VC V /**/
VCL V /**/
VD V /**/
VE V /**/
VF V /**/
VG V /**/
VH VH /**/
VHC VH /*/
VI V /**/
VJ V /**/
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VL V /**/
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-
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28 19 8
16 57.1% 42.9%- 1
- 1
N 4
N N 2
N Ne Nf 2
N V 2
Ne Nf V 2
V 2
V V 2
D SHI N DE N 1
D V N 1
D V N N 1
D VH N V N N 1
-
30
- 1
N D D V N 1
N Nc D VH 1
N N D VH 1
N Nc DE N Ne Nf 1
P N V D V D VH 1
V N D V V D 1
V N P Nc V 1
V Ne Nf VH N 1
28
57.1%
- 1 N 4 2
N NN Ne NfN VNe Nf VVV V N 14 50%
V 7 25% 25%
()
29 18 7
18 62.1% 37.9%- 2
- 2
N VH 5
Ne Nf N 3
D D V N 2
D VH 2
-
31
- 2
N D V 2
N DE N 2
N Nc 2
N 1
N D D V 1
N D V N 1
N N D V D D VH 1
P Nd 1
V N D D V 1
V N V Nc 1
V Nc V Nc 1
V P Nd 1
VH DE Nd VH 1
VH SHI VH N 1
29
62.1%
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Ne Nf N 2 D D V ND VHN D VN DE NN Nc
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37.9%
()
32 28 1
5 15.6% 84.4%- 3
-
32
- 3
N 5
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N D D V Ne Nf N 1
N D P N Nc 1
N N 1
Nd D V V 1
N D V D VH 1
N D V 1
N V N D V 1
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N V P N Nc 1
N VH 1
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V 1
V N 1
V N N V N 1
V N N VH VH 1
V N Nc 1
V P N V 1
V Ne Nf 1
V N V N D V 1
-
33
- 3
V N V N 1
V V V 1
VH D VH 1
32
15.6%
- 3 N 5
1 N 15 46.9% V 10 31.3%
21.8%
()
32 26 2
10 31.3% 68.7%- 4
- 4
N 6
N N D VH 2
V Ne N 2
C D V 1
D D V Ne Nf N 1
D D V Ne Nf VH N 1
N D SHI N 1
N D V D VH 1
N D VH 1
Nd DE Nd 1
-
34
- 4
N N VH 1
N SHI VH N 1
N T N 1
N V N D V N 1
N V V N 1
Ne Nf N D P Nc 1
P N V C VH 1
V D V V N 1
V N 1
V N D V D N 1
V N D V N 1
V V Ne Nf V 1
VH Ne Nf N 1
VH V C VH 1
VH VH P Nc V 1
32
31.3%
- 4 N 4 2
N N D VHV Ne N 1 N 16 50%
V 7 21.9% 28.1%
()
28 24 3
7 25% 75%- 5
-
35
- 5
V N 3
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N D V 2
D N Ne Nf N 1
N N D D V N 1
N N D V C VH 1
N N V C VH 1
Nd Ne V N 1
N N VH N 1
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N V N VH D V 1
N V P Nc 1
N VH N D SHI 1
N VH VH 1
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V D V Ne N 1
V N D D V V 1
V N D V D VH 1
V N DE N 1
V N Nc Ne Nf N 1
V N VH 1
V N VH VH 1
V P N Nc VH 1
V VH N 1
28
25%
-
36
- 5 VN 3 2
NcN D V 1 N 11 39.3%
V 13 46.4% 14.3%
()
42 31 4
15 35.7% 64.3%- 6
- 6
N 8
V Nc V N 3
N D V N 2
V 2
C D V N N 1
D D P V N 1
D D V D V 1
D D V N 1
D N VH 1
D V 1
D V D VH 1
D V N 1
D V Nc V N N 1
N C N 1
N D N VH 1
Nc DE N D VH 1
-
37
- 6
N V 1
N VH D V 1
Ne Nf N 1
Ne Nf V V 1
Ne Nf C P N Ng 1
Ne Nf V 1
Ne Nf V_2 1
V N 1
V N V 1
V N V N D V 1
V N V N D VH 1
V Ne Nf VH VH 1
V VH V 1
VH D V V 1
VH N D N 1
42
35.7%
- 6 N 8 3 V Nc
V N 2 N D V NV 1 N
15 35.7% V 11 26.2% 38.1%
()
28 26 1
3 10.7% 89.3%- 7
-
38
- 7
N N D V 3
D V N D V N 1
N C N V D VH 1
N D D VH 1
N D V 1
N N N VH 1
N Nc 1
N Nc V N 1
N V C VH 1
N V T D V 1
N V V Nc 1
Nc N N VH 1
Nc V N 1
V D P N Nc 1
V D V 1
V N V D VH 1
V Ne Nf VH N 1
V V 1
V V N P N D 1
V V P Nc 1
V V V V 1
VH DE N 1
VH DE Nc 1
VH N Nc 1
VH V D N N 1
-
39
- 7
VH V N VH 1
28
10.7%
- 7 N N D V 3
1 N 12 42.9% V 8 28.6%
28.5%
()
38 33 4
9 23.7% 76.3%- 8
- 8
Nc 3
D V 2
V D VH 2
V N 2
D D N 1
D V C V 1
D V Nc N N 1
D V_2 Nc C Nc 1
-
40
- 8
D V_2 N N D VH 1
N 1
N C N V N 1
Nc D SHI Nc 1
N D VH 1
N D VH N 1
N N D V 1
N Nc Nc V N 1
N Nc Nc VH Ng 1
N N V D 1
N N V VH 1
Nc N VH 1
Nc Ne N 1
N Ne Nf N 1
N V D V 1
N V N Nc V N V N 1
Nc V VH N V 1
N VH N V 1
Nc DE N N D VH 1
Ne N D V 1
Ne Nf VH N N D VH 1
P V D V N 1
D V Nc D V N 1
V V P N V 1
V_2 N 1
38
23.7%
-
41
- 8 Nc 3 2
D VV D VHV N 1 N 12
31.6% V 7 18.4% 50%
()
37 32 5
10 27.0% 73%- 9
- 9
N 2
N P V N 2
N P V N FW 2 ABC
P N V 2
P N V N 2
D D V D V 1
D SHI V N 1
I 1
N C D V 1
N D P N V V 1
N D V 1
N D V C D V 1
N D VH 1
N DE N D VH 1
N DE V 1
N N V D 1
N N VH 1
-
42
- 9
N SHI D D VH 1
N V V 1
N V Nc N 1
N VH 1
Nc V N 1
Nd V VH 1
V D VH Nf Nf VH 1
V N N 1
V N Ne Nf D D V 1
V N V D N V 1
V N VH 1
V Nc N 1
VH DE VH N V D 1
VH VH N 1
37
27.0%
- 9 2 N
N P V NN P V N FWP N VP N V N 1 N
20 54.1% V 6 16.2% 29.7%
()
67 31 9
45 67.2% 32.8%- 10
-
43
- 10
V N 20
N 6
D V 4
VH N 4
N V 3
D VH 2
N N 2
V VH 2
V_2 N D VH 2
D D V C V 1
D N VH V N 1
D N VH V Nc 1
D V N 1
D V V_2 VH N 1
N V Ne Nf 1
N V SHI V 1
N VH C N 1
N VH D N 1
N VH D VH 1
Nc D V 1
Nc N VH 1
Nc VH N V Nc 1
Nd 1
SHI Nc Nc VH N 1
V N D V N 1
-
44
- 10
V N V Nc 1
V N VH N V 1
V V V N 1
VH N D D Nc V 1
V Nc 1
VH VH N 1
67
67.2%
- 10 V N 20 6
N 4 D VVH N 3 N V 2 D VH
N NV VHV_2 N D VH 1 N 16
23.9% V 27 40.3% 35.8%
()
60 42 10
28 46.7% 48.3%- 11
- 11
V Nc 9
V N 3
-
45
- 11
Nc DE N 2
N 2
N N D VH 2
Nc Nc Nc 2
N N VH 2
N V N V 2
P VH DE N 2
V VH DE N 2
C N Ne Nf V 1
D D SHI D VH 1
D V D V 1
D V N V 1
D V V VH 1
D V_2 N N N 1
D VH 1
N D V 1
N D V N DE N Nc 1
N D V_2 VH N 1
N D VH 1
N N D D V 1
N N D V 1
N DE N D VH 1
N DE Nc D VH 1
N N VH D VH 1
N P Nc 1
N V Nc DE N Ne Nf 1
-
46
- 11
Nc N N D V Ne Nf 1
Nc V V N 1
Nc VH DE N 1
Ne VH N 1
P N DE N Nc V 1
V D N DE Nc D 1
V D V 1
V DE N N 1
V N V 1
V N VH 1
V V D VH 1
V V DE N 1
VH N D V 1
60
46.7%
- 11 V N 9 3
V N 2 NN N D VHN N VHN V N VNc DE NNc Nc
NP VH DE NV VH DE N 1 N 19
32.7% V 21 35% 32.3%
()
64 56 6
14 21.9% 78.1%- 12
-
47
- 12
N DE N 3
N 3
N D V 2
V N VH 2
VH Nf N 2
VH V 2
C D 1
C Nd D D V 1
C N D VH N D V D VH 1
D N D V Nc V 1
D V DE N T VH 1
D V N 1
D V N Ne Nf N 1
D V V_2 N D V N 1
D V VH Nc D 1
D V_2 N P N D V 1
D V_2 N V N 1
D VH 1
N DE N D VH 1
N N D D N 1
N N Ne Nf VH 1
N N V VH 1
Nd N VH 1
N Ne Nf 1
-
48
- 12
N SHI Nc D VH Ne Nf N 1
N SHI Nd D VH DE N 1
N SHI Ne Nf N 1
N V C V 1
N V FW 1 Do Re Mi
N V N 1
N V N VH 1
N VH 1
N VH V 1
Nc V V 1
Nd DE Nd DE N Ne Nc 1
Nd DE Nd DE N D Nc 1
Nd V 1
Nd VH 1
Ne Nf V D VH 1
P N N DE N V 1
V 1
V DE N T D N 1
V N D P 1
V N N 1
V N N D V 1
V N N D V V D VH 1
V N N D V VH C VH 1
V N P N V 1
V N V 1
V N VH D V 1
-
49
- 12
V Nc N P N V 1
V V_2 N 1
V_2 N C N 1
V_2 N D V_2 VH N 1
VH DE N V N D V 1
VH VH D VH 1
64
21.9%
- 12 NN DE N 3
2 N D V N VHVH Nf NVH V 1 N
22 34.4% V 14 21.9% 43.7%
N V
NV
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
N
V
- 1 N V
-
50
- 1 N V
N V
- 13
1 3.214 7 4.000
2 3.069 8 3.842
3 3.563 9 3.784
4 3.781 10 2.731
5 3.929 11 3.567
6 3.238 12 4.250
3.536
- 13 2.731 4.250
3.563 3.567 3.536
3.214
1~12
1 23 4
56
7 8 9
10
11
12
0.000
1.000
2.000
3.000
4.000
5.000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
- 2 1~12
-
51
- 2
- 14
1 28 19 0.679 7 28 26 0.929
2 29 18 0.621 8 38 33 0.868
3 32 28 0.875 9 37 32 0.865
4 32 26 0.813 10 67 31 0.463
5 28 24 0.857 11 60 42 0.700
6 42 31 0.738 12 64 56 0.875
- 14
- 3
0.000
0.200
0.400
0.600
0.800
1.000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
- 3
-
52
- 4
0
20
40
60
80
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
- 4
- 4
14
385 285
80%
-
53
5 - 15
- 15 14
N 37 7.63% 7.63%
V N 31 6.39% 14.02%
N D V 10 2.06% 16.08%
V Nc 10 2.06% 18.14%
D V 8 1.65% 19.79%
N VH 8 1.65% 21.44%
V 7 1.44% 22.89%
D VH 6 1.24% 24.12%
N N D V 6 1.24% 25.36%
N V 6 1.24% 26.60%
Nc 6 1.24% 27.84%
N DE N 5 1.03% 28.87%
N N 5 1.03% 29.90%
V N VH 5 1.03% 30.93%
Ps. 12 285
- 15 285 N 37
7.63%V N 31 6.39%N D V V Nc
10 2.06% D V N VH
8 1.65%V 7 1.44%D VHN V
N N D VNc 6 1.24%N DE NN NV N VH
5 1.03 % 30.93% 14
14 12
-
54
30.93% 14
(1969) 1973
5 14
V V
V N Nc N N
N DD D V
N Susan Hunston Gill Francis V N
V
VH N A(VH) N
N Nf one booktwo books
Ne Nf s Ne Nf
Nf
-
55
Ne Nf
Ne Nf N Ne Nf N N
Ne Nf N N N (Ne Nf)
N N- 16
- 16
N (D D) (V N) N D V
N (Ne Nf) N N
V ((Ne Nf) (VH N)) V N N V N
N (D D) V N D V
(D D) (V N) D V
V N D (D V) V N D V
(V Nc) (V Nc) (V V) V
(N Nc) N
(Ne Nf N) N
N V P (N Nc) N V P N
(V N V N) V N (V N )
D (N Nc) V D N V
V (N N) (V N) V N V
V (N N) (VH VH) V N VH
N V (V N) N V V
-
56
- 16
(Ne Nf N) D P Nc N D P N
(D D) V (Ne Nf N) D V N
(V V) (Ne Nf) V V N V
VH V P Nc V VH V P N V
VH (Ne Nf N) VH N
D ( N (Ne Nf N) ) D N
(N N) V C VH N V C VH
V N (D D) (V V) V N D V
(D D) V D V (D V) (D V) D V ( D V )
((V N) (V N)) D V V D V
((V N) (V N)) D VH V D VH
(D D) V N D V N
(Ne Nf) C P (N Ng) N C P N
(V Nc) (V N) V N
(N N) N VH N N VH
N Nc N
(V (V N)) P N D V P N D
N (D D) VH N D VH
V V V V V
VH V D (N N) VH V D N
D V (N (N N)) D V N
(Nc DE (N N) ) D VH N D VH
(N N) V D N V D
N (Ne Nf N) N N
(V V) P N V V P N V
-
57
- 16
N D P N (V V) N D P N V
VH (VH N) VH N
V D VH (Nf Nf) VH V D VH N VH
(Nc (VH N)) V Nc N V N
(Nc N) VH N VH
VH N (D D) Nc V VH N D N V
VH VH N VH N N
V N V Nc V N
(V V) (V N) V V
D V D V D V
(Ne (VH N)) N
N (V (V N)) N V
N N VH N VH
(N N) VH D VH N VH D VH
C N (Ne Nf) V C N N V
N V (N DE N) (Ne Nf) N V N N
(D D) SHI D VH D SHI D VH
N N (D D) V N N D V
N D V (N DE (N Nc)) N D V N
(Nc N) N D V Ne N N D V N
(VH (Nf N)) N
N (Ne Nf) N N
N (V V) N V
(N N) V VH N V VH
(N N) (Ne Nf) VH N N VH
(VH VH) D VH VH D VH
-
58
12 485 265 220
45.4% 285 181
36.5%
- 17 12 NV NN D VN D VH D V
10
N
- 17 12
12
N 1 27 22.31% 1 18 13.24% 2 26 11.4% 1 71 14.64%
V N 2 9 7.44% 2 11 8.09% 1 35 15.35% 2 55 11.34%
N D V 3 8 6.61% 2 11 8.09% 6 5 2.19% 3 24 4.95%
N VH 4 7 5.79% 4 7 3.07% 4 16 3.30%
V 4 7 5.79% 4 5 3.68% 6 13 2.68%
N D VH 6 4 3.31% 6 3 2.21% 5 6 2.63% 6 13 2.68%
N V 6 4 3.31% 3 8 3.51% 5 14 2.89%
D V 8 3 2.48% 5 4 2.94% 9 4 1.75% 8 11 2.27%
N D V D VH 8 3 2.48%
N N 8 3 2.48% 10 6 1.24%
D V N 11 2 1.65% 6 3 2.21% 9 7 1.44%
D VH 11 2 1.65% 9 4 1.75% 10 6 1.24%
N D P N 11 2 1.65%
V N V 11 2 1.65%
-
59
N V N
N V
N D V N D V D V
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
N V N N D V N VH V N D
VH
N V D V N D V
D VH
N N
- 5
0.00%
2.00%
4.00%
6.00%
8.00%
10.00%
12.00%
14.00%
N N D
V
V N V D V D V
N
N D
VH
N V
D V
N V
N
V D
V
V D
VH
- 6
-
60
0.00%
5.00%
10.00%
15.00%
20.00%
V N N N V N VH N D
VH
N D
V
N V
N
P N
V
D V D VH N P
V N
V N
VH
- 7
12
0.00%2.00%4.00%6.00%8.00%
10.00%12.00%14.00%16.00%
N V N N D
V
N
VH
N V N D
VH
V D V N V
N
D V
N
D
VH
N N V N
VH
- 8 12
- 5- 6- 7 - 8 NV NN D V
-
61
()
- 18 1.65%
N 27 22.31% 22.31%
V N 9 7.44% 29.75%
N D V 8 6.61% 36.36%
N VH 7 5.79% 42.15%
V 7 5.79% 47.93%
N D VH 4 3.31% 51.24%
N V 4 3.31% 54.55%
D V 3 2.48% 57.02%
N D V D VH 3 2.48% 59.50%
N N 3 2.48% 61.98%
D V N 2 1.65% 63.64%
D VH 2 1.65% 65.29%
N D P N 2 1.65% 66.94%
V N V 2 1.65% 68.60%
- 18 NV NN D V
N VH V 47.93% N D VH N V
54.55% 1.65%
-
62
()
- 19 1.47%
N 19 13.97% 13.97%
N D V 11 8.09% 22.06%
V N 11 8.09% 30.15%
V 6 4.41% 34.56%
D V 4 2.94% 37.50%
N V N 4 2.94% 40.44%
D V N 3 2.21% 42.65%
N D VH 3 2.21% 44.85%
N V D V 3 2.21% 47.06%
V D V 3 2.21% 49.26%
V D VH 3 2.21% 51.47%
D N 2 1.47% 52.94%
N N VH 2 1.47% 54.41%
N V 2 1.47% 55.88%
N V C VH 2 1.47% 57.35%
N V N V 2 1.47% 58.82%
N VH 2 1.47% 60.29%
V N VH 2 1.47% 61.76%
VH DE N 2 1.47% 63.24%
- 19 NN D VV NV
D VN V ND V NN D VHN V D VV D V V D VH
51.47% 1.47%
-
63
()
- 20 1.32%
V N 35 15.35% 15.35%
N 26 11.40% 26.75%
N V 8 3.51% 30.26%
N VH 7 3.07% 33.33%
N D VH 6 2.63% 35.96%
N D V 5 2.19% 38.16%
N V N 5 2.19% 40.35%
P N V 5 2.19% 42.54%
D V 4 1.75% 44.30%
D VH 4 1.75% 46.05%
N P V N 4 1.75% 47.81%
V N VH 4 1.75% 49.56%
N DE N 3 1.32% 50.88%
N V VH 3 1.32% 52.19%
VH V 3 1.32% 53.51%
- 20 V NNN VN VH
N D VHN D VN V NP N VD VD VHN P V N V N VH
49.56% 1.32%
-
64
() 12
- 21 12 1.03%
N 72 14.85% 14.85%
V N 55 11.34% 26.19%
N D V 24 4.95% 31.13%
N VH 16 3.30% 34.43%
N V 14 2.89% 37.32%
V 14 2.89% 40.21%
N D VH 13 2.68% 42.89%
D V 12 2.47% 45.36%
N V N 10 2.06% 47.42%
D V N 8 1.65% 49.07%
V N VH 7 1.44% 50.52%
D VH 6 1.24% 51.75%
N N 6 1.24% 52.99%
P N V 5 1.03% 54.02%
V D V 5 1.03% 55.05%
V N V 5 1.03% 56.08%
- 21 NV NN D
VN VHN VN D VHVD VN V N D V N
49.07% D VHN NV N VH
52.99%
-
65
()
(
)
()
()ABB BBaA
ABB
-
66
A BB A
A a(
) a ()
()
()
()
-
67
ABB
() AAB(A B)
meh-meh-ki
knn- knn ki
() AAB(B )
a
() ABB
lng-ki-ki
ng k- k lim-thi-thi
j-k- k
()
-
68
()()(
)
() ABB(A )
pe h-tshang-tshang
tshenn-lng-lng()
tshenn-sn-sn
ng-ph-ph
()
(2003)
lin-long-se h
l
km
km
km
-
69
() sio
sio1
()
kah
sann--kho thn g--pinn
()-n
-ngu
-ngun ()li ln i
in ln ()
()
iau-p-tsh
()
-
70
(
)()()()()()(
)()
(N)(V) kha-khiau(N) khiau- kha (V)(N)
(V)
-
71
285 28 19
29 18
32 28 32 26
28 24 42
31 28 26
38 33 37 32
67 31
60 42 64 56
3.214
2.731
(0.463 ) (0.621 )
(0.679) (0.700) (0.738) (0.813)
(0.857) (0.865) (0.868) (0.875)
(0.875) (0.929 )
-
72
V NNN D VN NN DE NN VHD VN VN N VH
VD VHN N D VV N V NN DE N D VHN N D VHV N VH
16 37.32%
NV NN D VN VH
VN D VHN VD VN D V D VHN N 10
61.98%NN D VV NV
D VN V ND V NN D VHN V D VV D VV D VH 11
51.47%V NN
N VN VHN D VHN D VN V NP N VD VD VHN P V NV N
VH 12 49.56%
12 NV NN D VN VHN VV
N D VHD VN V ND V NV N VHD VHN N 13
52.99% P N V
V D VV N V 16 56.08%
16 (56.08%)
(32.58%)
N V N N D V
NV NN D VN D VH D V
10
-
73
ABB() BBaA()
AAB(A B ) AAB(B
) ABB ABB(A
)
NV NN D VV NcD VN VHVD VH
N N D VN VNcN DE NN NV N VH 14
30.93% NV NN D VN VHN VVN D VH
D VN V ND V NV N VHD VHN N 13
52.99%
(13)(14)(52.99%)(30.93%)
-
74
NVN VN D V
(1993)
-
75
:
-
77
David Crystal , 2001,,
Susan Hunston, Gill Francis ,1996,Pattern GrammarA corpus-driven approach to the
lexical grammar of English. Amsterdam ; Philadelphia : John Benjamins,
c2000Amsterdam.
Taipei Language Institute,1984,A Dictionary of Southern Min(Taiwanese-English
Dictionary).
, 1995a,,7758-61
, 1995b,,
, 1994,,7448-52
, 1996,,
, 1970,() ,27.539-46
, 1970,() ,27.647-54
, 1971,() ,28.155-61
, 1993,
, 2005,,
, 2001,,
, 2008,--,
, 1998,,39.310-16
, 1996,,
, 2005,,
, 2004,
-
78
, 1984,,3334-38
, 1987,,451-6
,1995,,7717-34
, 2009,
, 1986,,5551( 4097)-4( 4100)
,1987,,
,165-167
, 2009, ,
, 1984,, 3210-13
, 2008,,
, 1981,,231-5
, 2007,
,
, 2008,
, 1939,
, 1991,,
, 1999,,38890-93
, 2007,: ,
, 1973,,32.510-15
, 2001,,
, 2005, ,
-
79
, 2004,
,
, 2001,,
, 2005,,
, 2003,,
, 1986,,15286-298
, 1990,,12
, 1993,,6711-15
, 1998a,,
p41-52,
, 1998b,(
NSC 86-2411-H003-005)
, 1999,,
p49-70
, 2000,,95
, 2001,,
17.78-15
, 2003, ,
, 1998,,,39.31-6
, 1998,,39.31-6
, 2001,,:
, 2002,,
,
, 2007,,
-
80
, 1995, ka ,
, 1995,,
, 2002,,18.64-15
, 1996,: ,
(2008)
, 2005,,
. 1988. .
, 1987,,4648-51
, 2009, 1,
, 2009, 10,
, 2009, 11,
, 2009, 12,
, 2009, 2,
, 2009, 3,
, 2009, 4,
, 2009, 5,
, 2009, 6,
, 2009, 7,
, 2009, 8,
, 2009, 9,
,,13
2002.10.10
, 1987,,
, 2001,,5284-6
-
81
, 2008,,82
17-44
,1999,,10:155-172
, 2001,
, 1994,,74120-133
, 1995,,5.6.2-18
, 1995,():,
, 2006,
,
, 1995,,1199-210
,2002,,/
, 1998,,
, 2003,,
, 1994,,74116-119
, 1995,,
755-60
, 1998,,
, 1992,,
, 2000,,
, 6 15-17
, 2009,
,
, 1999a,,911-11
, 1999b,,9459-75
, 2006,,
-
82
, 2001,,17(1)8-13
, 2004,,19.10
8793
, 2008,,
, 1983,,293042-46
, 1997,,8651-61
, 1998,,16.2173-195
, 2001,,
, 1971,,28.244-49
, 1969,,25.64-8
, 1971,,29.18-10
, 1973, ,33.683-85
, 1988,,4247-264
, 1987,,461-6
, 2002,,
, 1973,,33.110-15
, 1986,,4218-21
, 1986,,4214-17
, 1993,,,
, 2000,,/
,2003 ,,1871-78
, , 2005 pp.293-304
, 2008,,
, 2010,,
p311-328
, 1992,,
-
83
, 2001,,
, 1983,,
3118-21
, 1969,,2010 3 17
, 1997,,1771-6
, 1996,,
,1995,,
(1995),,
60-67
, 2006,
,
, 1986,,421-6
, 2002,,
1-25
, 1983,,293058-63
, 1979,,
, 1992,,
, 1993, ,1023-26
, 1997, I ,
, 1997, II ,
, 1997, III ,
, 1997, IV ,
,,1989.10.10
-
84
, 2004,,
, 1986,,404-14
, 1996,,
, 2002,,
, 2003,,
, 2008,,
, 2007,,
, 1993,,6716-21
, 1995,,7532-36
, 1971, ,29.275-91
, 1996,,
, 43-77
, 1987,,4629-31
, 1969,, 25 5 P.4-7
-
85
1.SA 22. TVC
2.SN 23. TVO
3.SOV 24.
4.SPA 25.
5.SPV 26.
6.SPVC 27.
7.SPVO 28.
8.SV 29.
9. SVC 30.
10. SVO 31.
11. SVOC 32.
12. SVOO 33. TC
13. TSA 34. TC-M-Adv
14. TSPV 35. TC-M-Conj
15. TSPVO 36.TCO
16. TSV 37.TCO-M-Adv
17. TSVC 38.TCO-M-Conj
18. TSVO 39.Two-Chains
19. TSVOC 40. Two-M-A
20. TSVOO 41. Two--M-Clau
21. TV
-
86
N 37 7.63% 7.63%
V N 31 6.39% 14.02%
N D V 10 2.06% 16.08%
V Nc 10 2.06% 18.14%
D V 8 1.65% 19.79%
N VH 8 1.65% 21.44%
V 7 1.44% 22.89%
D VH 6 1.24% 24.12%
N N D V 6 1.24% 25.36%
N V 6 1.24% 26.60%
Nc 6 1.24% 27.84%
N DE N 5 1.03% 28.87%
N N 5 1.03% 29.90%
V N VH 5 1.03% 30.93%
N D VH 4 0.82% 31.75%
N N D VH 4 0.82% 32.58%
N N VH 4 0.82% 33.40%
Ne Nf N 4 0.82% 34.23%
VH N 4 0.82% 35.05%
D D V N 3 0.62% 35.67%
D V N 3 0.62% 36.29%
N D V N 3 0.62% 36.91%
N DE N D VH 3 0.62% 37.53%
N Nc 3 0.62% 38.14%
N Ne Nf 3 0.62% 38.76%
Ne Nf V 3 0.62% 39.38%
V N V 3 0.62% 40.00%
V Nc V N 3 0.62% 40.62%
V V 3 0.62% 41.24%
-
87
D D V D V 2 0.41% 41.65%
N D V D VH 2 0.41% 42.06%
N N V D 2 0.41% 42.47%
N N V VH 2 0.41% 42.89%
N P V N 2 0.41% 43.30%
N P V N FW 2 0.41% 43.71%
N V D V 2 0.41% 44.12%
N V N V 2 0.41% 44.54%
Nc DE N 2 0.41% 44.95%
Nc N VH 2 0.41% 45.36%
Nc Nc N 2 0.41% 45.77%
Nc V N 2 0.41% 46.19%
P N V 2 0.41% 46.60%
P N V N 2 0.41% 47.01%
P VH DE N 2 0.41% 47.42%
V D V 2 0.41% 47.84%
V D VH 2 0.41% 48.25%
V N D V N 2 0.41% 48.66%
V N N 2 0.41% 49.07%
V N V N D V 2 0.41% 49.48%
V N V Nc 2 0.41% 49.90%
V Ne N 2 0.41% 50.31%
V Ne Nf VH N 2 0.41% 50.72%
V VH 2 0.41% 51.13%
V VH DE N 2 0.41% 51.55%
V_2 N D VH 2 0.41% 51.96%
VH Nf N 2 0.41% 52.37%
VH V 2 0.41% 52.78%
VH VH N 2 0.41% 53.20%
-
88
C D 1 0.21% 53.40%
C D V 1 0.21% 53.61%
C D V N N 1 0.21% 53.81%
C N D VH N D V D VH 1 0.21% 54.02%
C N Nc V_2 D VH 1 0.21% 54.23%
C N Nes Nf V 1 0.21% 54.43%
C Nd D D V 1 0.21% 54.64%
C VH P N 1 0.21% 54.85%
D D N 1 0.21% 55.05%
D D P V N 1 0.21% 55.26%
D D SHI D VH 1 0.21% 55.46%
D D V C V 1 0.21% 55.67%
D D V Ne Nf N 1 0.21% 55.88%
D D V Ne Nf VH N 1 0.21% 56.08%
D N D V Nc V 1 0.21% 56.29%
D N Nc V 1 0.21% 56.49%
D N Ne Nf N 1 0.21% 56.70%
D N VH 1 0.21% 56.91%
D N VH V N 1 0.21% 57.11%
D N VH V Nc 1 0.21% 57.32%
D SHI N DE N 1 0.21% 57.53%
D SHI V N 1 0.21% 57.73%
D V C V 1 0.21% 57.94%
D V D V 1 0.21% 58.14%
D V D VH 1 0.21% 58.35%
D V DE N T VH 1 0.21% 58.56%
D V N 1 0.21% 58.76%
D V N D V N 1 0.21% 58.97%
D V N N 1 0.21% 59.18%
-
89
D V N Ne Nf N 1 0.21% 59.38%
D V N V 1 0.21% 59.59%
D V Nc D V N 1 0.21% 59.79%
D V Nc N N 1 0.21% 60.00%
D V Nc V N N 1 0.21% 60.21%
D V V VH 1 0.21% 60.41%
D V V_2 N D V N 1 0.21% 60.62%
D V V_2 VH N 1 0.21% 60.82%
D V VH Nc D 1 0.21% 61.03%
D V_2 N C N 1 0.21% 61.24%
D V_2 N N D V 1 0.21% 61.44%
D V_2 N N N 1 0.21% 61.65%
D V_2 N P N D V 1 0.21% 61.86%
D V_2 N V N 1 0.21% 62.06%
D V_2 Nc C Nc 1 0.21% 62.27%
D VH N V N N 1 0.21% 62.47%
I 1 0.21% 62.68%
N C D V 1 0.21% 62.89%
N C N 1 0.21% 63.09%
N C N V D VH 1 0.21% 63.30%
N C N V N 1 0.21% 63.51%
N D D V 1 0.21% 63.71%
N D D V N 1 0.21% 63.92%
N D D V Ne Nf N 1 0.21% 64.12%
N D D VH 1 0.21% 64.33%
N D N VH 1 0.21% 64.54%
N D P N Nc 1 0.21% 64.74%
N D P N V 1 0.21% 64.95%
N D SHI N 1 0.21% 65.15%
N D V C D V 1 0.21% 65.36%
-
90
N D V N DE N Nc 1 0.21% 65.57%
N D V_2 VH N 1 0.21% 65.77%
N DE Nc D VH 1 0.21% 65.98%
N DE V 1 0.21% 66.19%
N N D D N 1 0.21% 66.39%
N N D D V 1 0.21% 66.60%
N N D D V N 1 0.21% 66.80%
N N D V C VH 1 0.21% 67.01%
N N D V D D VH 1 0.21% 67.22%
N N N VH 1 0.21% 67.42%
N N Ne Nf VH 1 0.21% 67.63%
N N V C VH 1 0.21% 67.84%
N N VH D VH 1 0.21% 68.04%
N N VH N 1 0.21% 68.25%
N Nc D VH 1 0.21% 68.45%
N Nc DE N Ne Nf 1 0.21% 68.66%
N Nc Nc V N 1 0.21% 68.87%
N Nc Nc VH Ng 1 0.21% 69.07%
N Nc V N 1 0.21% 69.28%
N Ne Nf N 1 0.21% 69.48%
N P Nc 1 0.21% 69.69%
N SHI D D VH 1 0.21% 69.90%
N SHI Nc D VH Ne Nf N 1 0.21% 70.10%
N SHI Nd D VH DE N 1 0.21% 70.31%
N SHI Ne Nf N 1 0.21% 70.52%
N SHI VH N 1 0.21% 70.72%
N T N 1 0.21% 70.93%
N V C V 1 0.21% 71.13%
N V C VH 1 0.21% 71.34%
-
91
N V FW 1 0.21% 71.55%
N V N 1 0.21% 71.75%
N V N D V 1 0.21% 71.96%
N V N D V N 1 0.21% 72.16%
N V N Nc V N V N V 1 0.21% 72.37%
N V N VH 1 0.21% 72.58%
N V N VH D V 1 0.21% 72.78%
N V Nc DE N Ne Nf 1 0.21% 72.99%
N V Nc N 1 0.21% 73.20%
N V Nc V VH N 1 0.21% 73.40%
N V Ne Nf 1 0.21% 73.61%
N V P N Nc 1 0.21% 73.81%
N V P Nc 1 0.21% 74.02%
N V SHI V 1 0.21% 74.23%
N V T D V 1 0.21% 74.43%
N V V 1 0.21% 74.64%
N V V N 1 0.21% 74.85%
N V V Nc 1 0.21% 75.05%
N V VH 1 0.21% 75.26%
N VH C VH N 1 0.21% 75.46%
N VH D Nc 1 0.21% 75.67%
N VH D V 1 0.21% 75.88%
N VH D VH 1 0.21% 76.08%
N VH N D SHI 1 0.21% 76.29%
N VH N V 1 0.21% 76.49%
N VH V 1 0.21% 76.70%
N VH VH 1 0.21% 76.91%
Nc D SHI Nc 1 0.21% 77.11%
Nc D V 1 0.21% 77.32%
-
92
Nc D VH N 1 0.21% 77.53%
Nc DE N D VH 1 0.21% 77.73%
Nc DE N N D VH 1 0.21% 77.94%
Nc DE Nd 1 0.21% 78.14%
Nc N N D V Ne 1 0.21% 78.35%
Nc N N VH 1 0.21% 78.56%
Nc Ne N 1 0.21% 78.76%
Nc V V 1 0.21% 78.97%
Nc V V N 1 0.21% 79.18%
Nc V VH N V 1 0.21% 79.38%
Nc VH DE N 1 0.21% 79.59%
Nc VH N V Nc 1 0.21% 79.79%
Nd 1 0.21% 80.00%
Nd D V V 1 0.21% 80.21%
Nd DE Nd 1 0.21% 80.41%
Nd DE Nd DE N D Nc 1 0.21% 80.62%
Nd DE Nd DE N Ne N 1 0.21% 80.82%
Nd N VH 1 0.21% 81.03%
Nd Ne V N 1 0.21% 81.24%
Nd V 1 0.21% 81.44%
Nd V VH 1 0.21% 81.65%
Nd VH 1 0.21% 81.86%
Ne N D V 1 0.21% 82.06%
Ne Nf C P N Ng 1 0.21% 82.27%
Ne Nf N D P Nc 1 0.21% 82.47%
Ne Nf N D V 1 0.21% 82.68%
Ne Nf V D VH 1 0.21% 82.89%
Ne Nf V V 1 0.21% 83.09%
Ne Nf V_2 1 0.21% 83.30%
-
93
Ne Nf VH N N D VH 1 0.21% 83.51%
Ne VH N 1 0.21% 83.71%
P N DE N Nc V 1 0.21% 83.92%
P N N DE N V 1 0.21% 84.12%
P N V C VH 1 0.21% 84.33%
P N V D V D VH 1 0.21% 84.54%
P Nd 1 0.21% 84.74%
P V D V N 1 0.21% 84.95%
SHI Nc Nc VH N 1 0.21% 85.15%
V D N DE Nc 1 0.21% 85.36%
V D P N Nc 1 0.21% 85.57%
V D V Ne N 1 0.21% 85.77%
V D V V N 1 0.21% 85.98%
V D VH Nf Nf VH 1 0.21% 86.19%
V DE N N 1 0.21% 86.39%
V DE N T D N 1 0.21% 86.60%
V N D D V 1 0.21% 86.80%
V N D D V V 1 0.21% 87.01%
V N D P 1 0.21% 87.22%
V N D V D N 1 0.21% 87.42%
V N D V D VH 1 0.21% 87.63%
V N D V V D 1 0.21% 87.84%
V N DE N 1 0.21% 88.04%
V N N D V 1 0.21% 88.25%
V N N D V V D VH 1 0.21% 88.45%
V N N D V VH C VH 1 0.21% 88.66%
V N N V N 1 0.21% 88.87%
V N N VH VH 1 0.21% 89.07%
V N Nc 1 0.21% 89.28%
-
94
V N Nc Ne Nf N 1 0.21% 89.48%
V N Ne Nf D D V 1 0.21% 89.69%
V N P N V 1 0.21% 89.90%
V N P Nc V 1 0.21% 90.10%
V N V D N V 0.21% 90.31%
V N V D VH 1 0.21% 90.52%
V N V N 1 0.21% 90.72%
V N V N D VH 1 0.21% 90.93%
V N VH D V 1 0.21% 91.13%
V N VH N V 1 0.21% 91.34%
V N VH VH 1 0.21% 91.55%
V Nc N 1 0.21% 91.75%
V Nc N P N V 1 0.21% 91.96%
V Nc V Nc 1 0.21% 92.16%
V Ne Nf 1 0.21% 92.37%
V Ne Nf VH VH 1 0.21% 92.58%
V P N Nc VH 1 0.21% 92.78%
V P N V 1 0.21% 92.99%
V P Nd 1 0.21% 93.20%
V V D VH 1 0.21% 93.40%
V V DE N 1 0.21% 93.61%
V V N P N D 1 0.21% 93.81%
V V Ne Nf V 1 0.21% 94.02%
V V P N V 1 0.21% 94.23%
V V P Nc 1 0.21% 94.43%
V V V 1 0.21% 94.64%
V V V N 1 0.21% 94.85%
V V V V 1 0.21% 95.05%
V V_2 N 1 0.21% 95.26%
-
95
V VH N 1 0.21% 95.46%
V VH V 1 0.21% 95.67%
V_2 N 1 0.21% 95.88%
V_2 N C N 1 0.21% 96.08%
V_2 N D V_2 VH N 1 0.21% 96.29%
VH D V V 1 0.21% 96.49%
VH D VH 1 0.21% 96.70%
VH DE N 1 0.21% 96.91%
VH DE Nc 1 0.21% 97.11%
VH DE Nd V N D V 1 0.21% 97.32%
VH DE Nd VH 1 0.21% 97.53%
VH DE VH N V D 1 0.21% 97.73%
VH N D D Nc V 1 0.21% 97.94%
VH N D N 1 0.21% 98.14%
VH N D V 1 0.21% 98.35%
VH N Nc 1 0.21% 98.56%
VH Ne Nf N 1 0.21% 98.76%
VH SHI VH N 1 0.21% 98.97%
VH V C VH 1 0.21% 99.18%
VH V D N N 1 0.21% 99.38%
VH V N VH 1 0.21% 99.59%
VH V P Nc V 1 0.21% 99.79%
VH VH D VH 1 0.21% 100.00%
-
96
N 4 5 6 8 1 2 6 2 3
37
7.63%
V N 1 1 3 1 2 20 3
31
14.02%
N D V 2 1 2 1 1 1 2
10
16.08%
V Nc 1 9
10
18.14%
D V 1 1 2 4 8 19.79%
N VH 5 1 1 1 8 21.44%
V 2 1 1 2 1 7 22.89%
D VH 2 2 1 1 6 24.12%
N N D V 1 3 1 1 6 25.36%
N V 2 1 3 6 26.60%
Nc 1 2 3 6 27.84%
N DE N 2 3 5 28.87%
N N 2 1 2 5 29.90%
V N VH 1 1 2 5 30.93%
N D VH 1 1 4 31.75%
N N D VH 1 1 2 4 32.58%
N N VH 1 2 4 33.40%
Ne Nf N 3 1 4 34.23%
VH N 4 4 35.05%
-
97
N 27 22.31% 22.31%
V N 9 7.44% 29.75%
N D V 8 6.61% 36.36%
N VH 7 5.79% 42.15%
V 7 5.79% 47.93%
N D VH 4 3.31% 51.24%
N V 4 3.31% 54.55%
D V 3 2.48% 57.02%
N D V D VH 3 2.48% 59.50%
N N 3 2.48% 61.98%
D V N 2 1.65% 63.64%
D VH 2 1.65% 65.29%
N D P N 2 1.65% 66.94%
V N V 2 1.65% 68.60%
C D V 1 0.83% 69.42%
C N V_2 D VH 1 0.83% 70.25%
C VH P N 1 0.83% 71.07%
D N V 1 0.83% 71.90%
D N V N 1 0.83% 72.73%
D SHI N 1 0.83% 73.55%
D V N 1 0.83% 74.38%
D V N VH N 1 0.83% 75.21%
D V_2 N C N 1 0.83% 76.03%
N D SHI N 1 0.83% 76.86%
N D V N 1 0.83% 77.69%
N D V V 1 0.83% 78.51%
N SHI N 1 0.83% 79.34%
N T N 1 0.83% 80.17%
N V D V 1 0.83% 80.99%
-
98
N V N D V 1 0.83% 81.82%
N V N V N 1 0.83% 82.64%
N V P N 1 0.83% 83.47%
N V V 1 0.83% 84.30%
P N 1 0.83% 85.12%
P N V C VH 1 0.83% 85.95%
P N V V D VH 1 0.83% 86.78%
V D V 1 0.83% 87.60%
V D V V N 1 0.83% 88.43%
V N D V 1 0.83% 89.26%
V N D V D N 1 0.83% 90.08%
V N P N V 1 0.83% 90.91%
V N V D V 1 0.83% 91.74%
V N VH 1 0.83% 92.56%
V P N 1 0.83% 93.39%
V P N V 1 0.83% 94.21%
V V V D 1 0.83% 95.04%
VH D VH 1 0.83% 95.87%
VH DE N VH 1 0.83% 96.69%
VH N 1 0.83% 97.52%
VH SHI N 1 0.83% 98.35%
VH V C VH 1 0.83% 99.17%
VH V P N V 1 0.83% 100.00%
-
99
N 19 13.97% 13.97%
N D V 11 8.09% 22.06%
V N 11 8.09% 30.15%
V 6 4.41% 34.56%
D V 4 2.94% 37.50%
N V N 4 2.94% 40.44%
D V N 3 2.21% 42.65%
N D VH 3 2.21% 44.85%
N V D V 3 2.21% 47.06%
V D V 3 2.21% 49.26%
V D VH 3 2.21% 51.47%
D N 2 1.47% 52.94%
N N VH 2 1.47% 54.41%
N V 2 1.47% 55.88%
N V C VH 2 1.47% 57.35%
N V N V 2 1.47% 58.82%
N VH 2 1.47% 60.29%
V N VH 2 1.47% 61.76%
VH DE N 2 1.47% 63.24%
C D V N 1 0.74% 63.97%
D N VH 1 0.74% 64.71%
D P V 1 0.74% 65.44%
D V C V 1 0.74% 66.18%
D V D V 1 0.74% 66.91%
D V D VH 1 0.74% 67.65%
D V N V N 1 0.74% 68.38%
D V_2 N C N 1 0.74% 69.12%
D V_3 N D V 1 0.74% 69.85%
N C N 1 0.74% 70.59%
-
100
N C N V 1 0.74% 71.32%
N C N V D VH 1 0.74% 72.06%
N C P N 1 0.74% 72.79%
N D N VH 1 0.74% 73.53%
N D SHI 1 0.74% 74.26%
N D SHI N 1 0.74% 75.00%
N D V C VH 1 0.74% 75.74%
N D VH N 1 0.74% 76.47%
N DE N D VH 1 0.74% 77.21%
N N 1 0.74% 77.94%
N N D VH 1 0.74% 78.68%
N V D 1 0.74% 79.41%
N V P N 1 0.74% 80.15%
N V V 1 0.74% 80.88%
N V V N 1 0.74% 81.62%
N V VH 1 0.74% 82.35%
N V VH D V 1 0.74% 83.09%
N V_2 1 0.74% 83.82%
N VH D V 1 0.74% 84.56%
N VH N 1 0.74% 85.29%
N VH N V 1 0.74% 86.03%
P V D V 1 0.74% 86.76%
V D P N 1 0.74% 87.50%
V N D V 1 0.74% 88.24%
V N D V D VH 1 0.74% 88.97%
V N D V N 1 0.74% 89.71%
V N V 1 0.74% 90.44%
V N V D VH 1 0.74% 91.18%
V N VH VH 1 0.74% 91.91%
V P N D 1 0.74% 92.65%
-
101
V P N V 1 0.74% 93.38%
V P N VH 1 0.74% 94.12%
V V P N 1 0.74% 94.85%
V VH N 1 0.74% 95.59%
V VH V 1 0.74% 96.32%
V_2 N 1 0.74% 97.06%
VH D V V 1 0.74% 97.79%
VH N D N 1 0.74% 98.53%
VH V D N 1 0.74% 99.26%
VH V N VH 1 0.74% 100.00%
-
102
V N 35 15.35% 15.35%
N 26 11.40% 26.75%
N V 8 3.51% 30.26%
N VH 7 3.07% 33.33%
N D VH 6 2.63% 35.96%
N D V 5 2.19% 38.16%
N V N 5 2.19% 40.35%
P N V 5 2.19% 42.54%
D V 4 1.75% 44.30%
D VH 4 1.75% 46.05%
N P V N 4 1.75% 47.81%
V N VH 4 1.75% 49.56%
N DE N 3 1.32% 50.88%
N V VH 3 1.32% 52.19%
VH V 3 1.32% 53.51%
D N VH V N 2 0.88% 54.39%
D V N 2 0.88% 55.26%
N DE N D VH 2 0.88% 56.14%
N N 2 0.88% 57.02%
N N D V 2 0.88% 57.89%
N N VH 2 0.88% 58.77%
N V N V 2 0.88% 59.65%
N VH D VH 2 0.88% 60.53%
P VH DE N 2 0.88% 61.40%
V DE N 2 0.88% 62.28%
V N N 2 0.88% 63.16%
V N N D V 2 0.88% 64.04%
V N V 2 0.88% 64.91%
V VH 2 0.88% 65.79%
-
103
V VH DE N 2 0.88% 66.67%
V_2 N D VH 2 0.88% 67.54%
VH N 2 0.88% 68.42%
C D 1 0.44% 68.86%
C N D V 1 0.44% 69.30%
C N D VH N D V D VH 1 0.44% 69.74%
C N N V 1 0.44% 70.18%
D N D V N V 1 0.44% 70.61%
D SHI D VH 1 0.44% 71.05%
D SHI V N 1 0.44% 71.49%
D V 1 0.44% 71.93%
D V C V 1 0.44% 72.37%
D V D V 1 0.44% 72.81%
D V DE N T VH 1 0.44% 73.25%
D V N D 1 0.44% 73.68%
D V N N 1 0.44% 74.12%
D V N V 1 0.44% 74.56%
D V V VH 1 0.44% 75.00%
D V V_2 N 1 0.44% 75.44%
D V V_2 N D V 1 0.44% 75.88%
D V_2 N 1 0.44% 76.32%
D V_2 N P N D V 1 0.44% 76.75%
D V_2 N V 1 0.44% 77.19%
I 1 0.44% 77.63%
N C D V 1 0.44% 78.07%
N D N 1 0.44% 78.51%
N D P N V 1 0.44% 78.95%
N D V C D V 1 0.44% 79.39%
N D V N 1 0.44% 79.82%
N D V_2 N 1 0.44% 80.26%
-
104
N DE N DE N D N 1 0.44% 80.70%
N DE V 1 0.44% 81.14%
N N D V N 1 0.44% 81.58%
N P N 1 0.44% 82.02%
N SHI D VH 1 0.44% 82.46%
N SHI N 1 0.44% 82.89%
N SHI N D VH DE N 1 0.44% 83.33%
N SHI N D VH N 1 0.44% 83.77%
N V C V 1 0.44% 84.21%
N V D 1 0.44% 84.65%
N V D VH 1 0.44% 85.09%
N V N 1 0.44% 85.53%
N V N N 1 0.44% 85.96%
N V N VH 1 0.44% 86.40%
N V SHI V 1 0.44% 86.84%
N VH C N 1 0.44% 87.28%
N VH D N 1 0.44% 87.72%
N VH DE N 1 0.44% 88.16%
N VH V 1 0.44% 88.60%
P N DE N V 1 0.44% 89.04%
SHI N 1 0.44% 89.47%
V 1 0.44% 89.91%
V D N DE N D 1 0.44% 90.35%
V D V 1 0.44% 90.79%
V D VH 1 0.44% 91.23%
V D VH N VH 1 0.44% 91.67%
V DE N T D N 1 0.44% 92.11%
V N D P 1 0.44% 92.54%
V N D V 1 0.44% 92.98%
V N N D V V D VH 1 0.44% 93.42%
-
105
V N N D V VH C VH 1 0.44% 93.86%
V N N P N V 1 0.44% 94.30%
V N P N V 1 0.44% 94.74%
V N V D N V 1 0.44% 95.18%
V N VH D V 1 0.44% 95.61%
V N VH N V 1 0.44% 96.05%
V V 1 0.44% 96.49%
V V_2 N 1 0.44% 96.93%
V_2 N D V_2 VH N 1 0.44% 97.37%
V_3 N C N 1 0.44% 97.81%
VH D VH 1 0.44% 98.25%
VH DE N V D 1 0.44% 98.68%
VH DE N V N D V 1 0.44% 99.12%
VH N D N V 1 0.44% 99.56%
VH N D V 1 0.44% 100.00%
-
106
N 72 14.85% 14.85%
V N 55 11.34% 26.19%
N D V 24 4.95% 31.13%
N VH 16 3.30% 34.43%
N V 14 2.89% 37.32%
V 14 2.89% 40.21%
N D VH 13 2.68% 42.89%
D V 12 2.47% 45.36%
N V N 10 2.06% 47.42%
D V N 8 1.65% 49.07%
V N VH 7 1.44% 50.52%
D VH 6 1.24% 51.75%
N N 6 1.24% 52.99%
P N V 5 1.03% 54.02%
V D V 5 1.03% 55.05%
V N V 5 1.03% 56.08%
N N VH 4 0.82% 56.91%
N P V N 4 0.82% 57.73%
N V D V 4 0.82% 58.56%
N V N V 4 0.82% 59.38%
N V VH 4 0.82% 60.21%
V D VH 4 0.82% 61.03%
N D V D VH 3 0.62% 61.65%
N DE N 3 0.62% 62.27%
N DE N D VH 3 0.62% 62.89%
V N D V 3 0.62% 63.51%
VH N 3 0.62% 64.12%
VH V 3 0.62% 64.74%
-
107
D N 2 0.41% 65.15%
D N VH V N 2 0.41% 65.57%
D V C V 2 0.41% 65.98%
D V D V 2 0.41% 66.39%
D V_2 N C N 2 0.41% 66.80%
N D P N 2 0.41% 67.22%
N D SHI N 2 0.41% 67.63%
N D V N 2 0.41% 68.04%
N N D V 2 0.41% 68.45%
N SHI N 2 0.41% 68.87%
N V C VH 2 0.41% 69.28%
N V D 2 0.41% 69.69%
N V P N 2 0.41% 70.10%
N V V 2 0.41% 70.52%
N VH D VH 2 0.41% 70.93%
P VH DE N 2 0.41% 71.34%
V DE N 2 0.41% 71.75%
V N N 2 0.41% 72.16%
V N N D V 2 0.41% 72.58%
V N P N V 2 0.41% 72.99%
V P N V 2 0.41% 73.40%
V VH 2 0.41% 73.81%
V VH DE N 2 0.41% 74.23%
V_2 N D VH 2 0.41% 74.64%
VH D VH 2 0.41% 75.05%
VH DE N 2 0.41% 75.46%
C D 1 0.21% 75.67%
C D V 1 0.21% 75.88%
C D V N 1 0.21% 76.08%
-
108
C N D V 1 0.21% 76.29%
C N D VH N D V D VH 1 0.21% 76.49%
C N N V 1 0.21% 76.70%
C N V_2 D VH 1 0.21% 76.91%
C VH P N 1 0.21% 77.11%
D N D V N V 1 0.21% 77.32%
D N V 1 0.21% 77.53%
D N V N 1 0.21% 77.73%
D N VH 1 0.21% 77.94%
D P V 1 0.21% 78.14%
D SHI D VH 1 0.21% 78.35%
D SHI N 1 0.21% 78.56%
D SHI V N 1 0.21% 78.76%
D V D VH 1 0.21% 78.97%
D V DE N T VH 1 0.21% 79.18%
D V N D 1 0.21% 79.38%
D V N N 1 0.21% 79.59%
D V N V 1 0.21% 79.79%
D V N V N 1 0.21% 80.00%
D V N VH N 1 0.21% 80.21%
D V V VH 1 0.21% 80.41%
D V V_2 N 1 0.21% 80.62%
D V V_2 N D V 1 0.21% 80.82%
D V_2 N 1 0.21% 81.03%
D V_2 N P N D V 1 0.21% 81.24%
D V_2 N V 1 0.21% 81.44%
D V_3 N D V 1 0.21% 81.65%
I 1 0.21% 81.86%
N C D V 1 0.21% 82.06%
N C N 1 0.21% 82.27%
-
109
N C N V 1 0.21% 82.47%
N C N V D VH 1 0.21% 82.68%
N C P N 1 0.21% 82.89%
N D N 1 0.21% 83.09%
N D N VH 1 0.21% 83.30%
N D P N V 1 0.21% 83.51%
N D SHI 1 0.21% 83.71%
N D V C D V 1 0.21% 83.92%
N D V C VH 1 0.21% 84.12%
N D V V 1 0.21% 84.33%
N D V_2 N 1 0.21% 84.54%
N D VH N 1 0.21% 84.74%
N DE N DE N D N 1 0.21% 84.95%
N DE V 1 0.21% 85.15%
N N D V N 1 0.21% 85.36%
N N D VH 1 0.21% 85.57%
N P N 1 0.21% 85.77%
N SHI D VH 1 0.21% 85.98%
N SHI N D VH DE N 1 0.21% 86.19%
N SHI N D VH N 1 0.21% 86.39%
N T N 1 0.21% 86.60%
N V C V 1 0.21% 86.80%
N V D VH 1 0.21% 87.01%
N V N D V 1 0.21% 87.22%
N V N N 1 0.21% 87.42%
N V N V N 1 0.21% 87.63%
N V N VH 1 0.21% 87.84%
N V SHI V 1 0.21% 88.04%
N V V N 1 0.21% 88.25%
N V VH D V 1 0.21% 88.45%
-
110
N V_2 1 0.21% 88.66%
N VH C N 1 0.21% 88.87%
N VH D N 1 0.21% 89.07%
N VH D V 1 0.21% 89.28%
N VH DE N 1 0.21% 89.48%
N VH N 1 0.21% 89.69%
N VH N V 1 0.21% 89.90%
N VH V 1 0.21% 90.10%
P N 1 0.21% 90.31%
P N DE N V 1 0.21% 90.52%
P N V C VH 1 0.21% 90.72%
P N V V D VH 1 0.21% 90.93%
P V D V 1 0.21% 91.13%
SHI N 1 0.21% 91.34%
V D N DE N D 1 0.21% 91.55%
V D P N 1 0.21% 91.75%
V D V V N 1 0.21% 91.96%
V D VH N VH 1 0.21% 92.16%
V DE N T D N 1 0.21% 92.37%
V N D P 1 0.21% 92.58%
V N D V D N 1 0.21% 92.78%
V N D V D VH 1 0.21% 92.99%
V N D V N 1 0.21% 93.20%
V N N D V V D VH 1 0.21% 93.40%
V N N D V VH C VH 1 0.21% 93.61%
V N N P N V 1 0.21% 93.81%
V N V D N V 1 0.21% 94.02%
V N V D V 1 0.21% 94.23%
V N V D VH 1 0.21% 94.43%
V N VH D V 1 0.21% 94.64%
-
111
V N VH N V 1 0.21% 94.85%
V N VH VH 1 0.21% 95.05%
V P N 1 0.21% 95.26%
V P N D 1 0.21% 95.46%
V P N VH 1 0.21% 95.67%
V V 1 0.21% 95.88%
V V P N 1 0.21% 96.08%
V V V D 1 0.21% 96.29%
V V_2 N 1 0.21% 96.49%
V VH N 1 0.21% 96.70%
V VH V 1 0.21% 96.91%
V_2 N 1 0.21% 97.11%
V_2 N D V_2 VH N 1 0.21% 97.32%
V_3 N C N 1 0.21% 97.53%
VH D V V 1 0.21% 97.73%
VH DE N V D 1 0.21% 97.94%
VH DE N V N D V 1 0.21% 98.14%
VH DE N VH 1 0.21% 98.35%
VH N D N 1 0.21% 98.56%
VH N D N V 1 0.21% 98.76%
VH N D V 1 0.21% 98.97%
VH SHI N 1 0.21% 99.18%
VH V C VH 1 0.21% 99.38%
VH V D N 1 0.21% 99.59%
VH V N VH 1 0.21% 99.79%
VH V P N V 1 0.21% 100.00%
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112
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1
2010.09.18
1 P7 3 3
2
3
P13 5
(2001)
4 Pattern Grammar Pattern Grammar
5
6
7
1 1
17 18
8
9
-
2
10 N N N
11 VH V VH
12 VH N N
13
14
15
16 16
16