oec/ictap office of emergency communications / interoperable communications technical assistance...
TRANSCRIPT
OEC/ICTAP
Office of Emergency Communications / Interoperable Communications Technical Assistance Program
Gateway Training Workshop Module One
Basic Gateway Overview
Patrick KempkerGateway Instructor
(619) 553-5172
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Basic Gateway Overview
General Interoperability Methods Urban Area’s Specific Interoperability Technologies Gateway Operations
Deployment Considerations Activation / De-activation Limitations Best Practices
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Interoperability Methods SAFECOM Interoperability Continuum
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Interoperability Methods (Continued)
Radio Communications Interoperability Strategies
Same Radio SystemSystem-to-System
Gateways
Swap Radios
Shared System
CommercialServices
CommonFrequencies
MultimodeRadios
ConsoleInterface
Multi-System
Controllers
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Interoperability Methods (Continued) P25 StandardsWill Fix Common Air Interface Modulation Schemes
Conventional radios Digital radios Trunked radios
Internet connectivity(Phase 2)
Data Transfer (limited) Narrowband Requirements
Will NOT Fix Different Frequency Lack of Coverage
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Urban Area’s Specific Interoperability Technologies
Switch to the Statewide Communications Interoperability Plan (SCIP) / Tactical Interoperable Communications Plan (TIC Plan) Informational handout
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ACU-2000IP
TRP-1000
ICRI
InfiniMux
RIOS Transportable
ACU-1000
ACU-T
ACU-M
RIOS Rack Mount
Gateway Operations
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Deployment Considerations
Incident Area Network (IAN) – Small, temporary network
created for a specific incident
Incident Area Network (IAN) – Small, temporary network
created for a specific incident
Transportable
Fixed
Jurisdiction Area Network (JAN) - Main communications network for first responders; provides connectivity to the Extended Area Network (EAN). Extended Area Network (EAN) - Links city, county, regional, state, and national systems
PortablePortable
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Deployment Considerations
PSTN
Remote Sites
Interface Devices
Cellular VHFNetwork UHF 700/800MHz
Iridium
802.XLAN
Interface Devices
Network
AudioGateway
Note:
The Audio Bridge/Gateway doesn’t transmit or receive any signals. All modulation and demodulation is accomplished by the interfaced devices.
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Deployment Considerations: Gateway Placement
Good Signal
Out of Range
GATEWAY
SmartNet
EDACSConventional
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Gateways interfaced to radios using simplex/direct
frequencies requires a smaller coverage area and can work well for Incident
Area Networks
Gateway
Deployment Considerations: Extending Coverage Area
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Activation/De-activation
Switch back to the SCIP/TIC Plan Informational handout
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Gateway Limitations: Overview
Gateways retransmit across multiple frequency bands and/or systems providing an interim interoperability solution as agencies move toward shared systems. However, gateways have the following limitations:
No Encryption Inefficiencies Geographic Area Portable Battery Life Set-up Time Frequency conflicts/interference
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Gateway Limitation: No Encryption
The Gateways don’t transmit or receive any signals Gateways pass baseband audio (audible voice) All modulation / demodulation and Encryption/Decryption
is accomplished by the interface devicesExample: An encrypted signal comes into an interface device, it decrypts the signal and passes the baseband audio to the devices patched to it. If the other devices are encrypted the audio is re-encrypted and sent out. However, if a device isn’t encrypted the audio is still retransmitted in the clear. Remember, at a minimum the audio can be monitored in the clear at the gateway.
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Gateway Limitation: Inefficiency
Additional Assets To provide interoperability on the scene of an incident
each agency needs to provide a mobile radio in advance or a portable on the scene of the incident
This ties up one radio asset for each system/channel, the more channels you tie together in a talk group the more radio spectrum being utilized
Example: If we share a common frequency and everyone turns to that frequency we have interoperability, no extra radios or radio frequencies are being used. If we are patched through a gateway, we are still using our radios on the scene but now there are two extra radio assets patched through the gateway and we are using twice the radio spectrum.
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Gateway Limitation: Coverage Area
Gateway's effective geographic coverage area is limited to the area that is common to all systems participating in that link.
CommonArea
Note: In this usage the Gateway does not increase your coverage range. Your radio must be able to hit your normal network to communicate
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Gateway Limitation: Set-Up Some gateways require significant time to configure,
others are a matter of simply hooking up radios and turning the system on.
It doesn’t matter the type of gateway you use, it is imperative the gateway be configured in it’s standard operating configuration prior to deploymentExample: The gateway will be used to connect an 800 MHz trunked system to a conventional system on a regular basis. The trunk channel requires time to get an acknowledgement tone back from the system prior to transmission; the gateway must be configured to allow for this delay so none of the message is lost during transition. All gateways must pass the shoot/don’t shoot rule losing one word can ruin someone’s day.
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Gateway Limitation: Battery LifePortable Radios have a Limited Use Time Due to Battery Life Mobile gateways are designed to enable interoperable
communications for short duration events To extend mobile gateway operating time, consider:
additional power sources, radio chargers, and extra batteries
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Gateway Limitation: Frequency Conflicts / Interference Antennas must be properly positioned to prevent radio interference or
desensitizing the radio receivers In regions where multiple mobile gateway devices are accessible, it is
critical to coordinate the use of these devices to ensure that multiple gateways do not “step-on” each other
Example1: Patching multiple VHF channels on the same Gateway (GW) can raise the noise level in the immediate area of the GW so the effective range may be reduced. Example 2: If GW 1 has 12 radios interfaced to it and the radios are programmed to frequencies 1-12. GW2 has 5 radios interfaced to it and they are programmed to frequencies 1-5. GW1 creates a patch between 1, 6, and 8. GW2 creates a patch to 1, 3, and 5. This is the same as if you had one GW patching channels 1, 3, 5, 6 and 8 together. At best this scenario will add confusion, at worst the radio chatter will make both systems unusable. Coordinate all patches through the Incident Communications Leader (COML).
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Best Practices
No Encryption Treat all conversations as if they are in the clean
Inefficiencies To prevent excess chatter, only patch those systems
that really need to talk to each other for the time they need to talk. Remember, just because you can patch someone doesn’t mean you should
Never patch talkgroups on the same trunked system together; you could cause your own system busy.
When using an audio gateway with a trunked system, it’s best to have a high priority talkgroup on the system dedicated for gateway use
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Best Practices (Continued)
Geographic Area Use simplex/direct frequencies for localized incidents
Portable Battery Life Use mobile radios whenever possible
Set-up Time Interface radios should be tested and adjusted with the
audio gateway prior to initial deployment. Some mobile radios require special programming, others may require hardware modification
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Best Practices (Continued)
Setup Time (Continued) All gateways require special interface cables to
connect to the various types of radios. If a radio must be added ad hoc, the requesting organization should provide a portable radio, additional batteries, charger, and the interface cable
Frequency conflicts/interference Coordination is the key - always go through the
Communications Leader prior to creating a patch and know what is being patch
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Questions
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OEC/ICTAP
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