Overview of NREL Electricity R&D Program and Activities

(NRECA Briefing at NREL)

By

Dick DeBlasio, NREL – Chief Engineer Principal Program Manager

for Electricity Programs

May 18, 2010

Portfolio of Distributed Energy Sources and Infrastructure

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OE -- Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability DOE Goal

Create a more flexible, more reliable, and higher capacity U.S. energy infrastructure

OE GOAL

Lead national efforts to modernize the electric grid, enhance security and reliability of the energy infrastructure, and facilitate recovery from disruptions to the energy supply

OE R&D Strategies & Objectives•Develop High Temperature superconducting (wires & coils) to increase capacity, efficiency, and reliability, of the electric system.

•Advance real time visualization and control tools to utilize T&D assets, etc.

•Integrate advanced technologies (i.e., renewable, Distributed Generation, storage, load management)

Assistant Secretary DOE/OE (Pat Hoffman, Acting)

R&D

NREL Electricity Program Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability

Central Power Generation

• Wind Farms

• Concentrating Solar Power

• Solar Utility Scale PV

• Geothermal

• Ocean Wave & Current

Distributed Power Generation

• Solar Residential/ Commercial PV

• Small/Community Wind

• Electric Drive Vehicles

• Fuel Cells

• Micro-turbines/Engines

Advanced Power Management

Systems Integration

Interconnection Technology

Storage

Smart-Grid

Micro-grids

System Impacts

Standards and Codes

Efficient End Use

• Residential Buildings

• Commercial Buildings

• Solar Heating & Cooling

• Electric Drive Vehicles

• Industry

Electric Transmission

System

Electric Distribution

System

Load Management CHP

DeBlasio 7/8/07

EfficientBuildingSystems

UtilityCommunications

DynamicSystemsControl

DataManagement

DistributionOperations

DistributedGeneration& Storage

Plug-In Hybrids

SmartEnd-UseDevices

ControlInterface

AdvancedMetering

Consumer Portal& Building EMS

Internet Renewables

PV

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NREL ELECTRICITY Program R&D Focus Areas

– Interconnection & interface engineering – Test and evaluation – Standards, codes, and conformance– Renewable systems specific issues – DE system modeling and simulation – Renewable resource integration – Impacts and solutions – Advanced technologies, e.g., power

electronics (advanced functionality, modular, scalable), and monitoring, information exchange and control, interoperability)

– New grid architectures, and operations functionality, e.g., Microgrids and Smart Grids

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Grid Modernization

Today’s Electricity …

Power park

Hydrogen Storage

Industrial DG

Tomorrow’s Choices …

Combined Heat and Power

Fuel Cell

e -

e -

Wind Farms

Rooftop Photovoltaics

Remote Loads

Load as a resource

SMES

Smart Substation

Fuel Cell

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Smart Grid

Smart Grids: – Enable High Penetration of Renewables and Distributed

Generation– Enable price responsiveness of customers– Allow dispatchable load and storage– Improve energy efficiency

DOE defines the Smart Grid as:

“an automated, widely distributed energy delivery network characterized by a two-way flow of electricity and information, capable of monitoring and responding to changes in everything from power plants to customer preferences to individual appliances.”

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FY 2010 Smart Grid Activities at NREL Supports DOE OE Goals for a modern grid with a

Smart Electric Delivery System

• Development of Interoperability Standards (e.g., IEEE P2030) and Interconnection Standards (e.g. IEEE 1547)

• Enable High Penetration of Renewables and Distributed Generation (Grid Integration, e.g., IEEE P1547.8 proposed)

• Advanced Distribution System Operations (Microgrids, P1547.4)

• Allow dispatchable load and storage (i.e., V2G; part of IEEE proposed P1547.8 Industry Driven/Collaboration with SAE – and related to NIST Priority Action Plans)

• Development of Conformance Test Protocols for Smart Grid Technologies (enhanced funding request – TBD)

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OE DOE NREL FY2010 SG Projects

Smart Grid R&D – Sub Program

Projects:

• Smart Grid Interconnection Standards Development (1547 standards) - PI Tom Basso

• Smart Grid Interoperability Standards Development 2030 standards) - PI Tom Basso

• Renewable and Distribution Systems Impact R&D PI’s Ben Kroposki and Tom Basso

OE Renewable Systems Interconnection(DER focus)

• In FY09, we developed a report discussing fault ride though and short circuit characteristics for inverter-based renewable energy systems.

• Published Understanding Fault Characteristics of Inverter-Based Distributed Energy Resources (January 2010)

• In FY10 we will continue to evaluate needed testing and modeling to simulate short-circuit and fault-ride through characteristics of inverter based distributed renewable systems.

• The goal in FY10 is to develop standard inverter models of short-circuit contributions and fault ride-through capability that could be used to perform studies. (September 2010)

• These open source models could then be transitioned to software developer and included in electrical power system simulation packages.

Available at:http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy10osti/46698.pdf

OE Renewable Systems Interconnection(Distribution System focus)

• In FY10 we continue to promote the FY09 report three primary recommendations:

- need qualification of the grid; - need qualification of modern interconnection systems (e.g., smart grid concepts beyond IEEE 1547 base standard to allow grid support); and - need modeling and simulation improvements,

e.g., into IEEE P1547.7 draft guide to impact studies for DR interconnection.

• Further in FY10 we are establishing example algorithm and model analysis tools (in Distributed Engineering Workstation program) for DR interconnection between the grid and renewable electric distributed energy systems . (Report -- September 2010)

• Goal in FY10 is to show “universality” of these example tools and how they may be incorporated by others into multiple software analysis programs; longer term goals are to validate additional example tools so others will establish similar tools to readily understand, quantify and mitigate system impacts from renewable systems integration.

Report documents and evaluates system impacts of DR interconnection to T&D systems (ocus on renewables); it also identifies impact-resolution approaches and challenges -- http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy09osti/44727.pdf

→

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Federal 2005 Energy Policy Act: Federal 2005 Energy Policy Act: Cites & Requires IEEE 1547Cites & Requires IEEE 1547 (IEEE Std 1547 Developed By National Team of 444 Professionals) (IEEE Std 1547 Developed By National Team of 444 Professionals)

Federal 2007 Energy Independence and Security Act: Federal 2007 Energy Independence and Security Act: Established NIST as Lead to Coordinate Framework and Established NIST as Lead to Coordinate Framework and Roadmap for Smart Grid Interoperability Standards and Protocols Roadmap for Smart Grid Interoperability Standards and Protocols

Smart Grid Interconnection and Interoperability

Distribution System

Communications and Information Technology Information Flow, Data Management,

Monitor & Control

Substations

DE Resources Interconnection

Bulk Power

Combined Heat & Power

Load Managementsensors

sensors

(Also, larger DER on transmission)

sensors

sensors

Systems Approach • Interconnection & Interfaces • Technical Standards • Advanced Technologies • Systems Integration

Transmission System

EV

Recip. Generator

Photovoltaics

Micro Turbine

Storage

Fuel Cell

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IEEE 1547 Interconnection Standards

1547- 2003 Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems

1547.1 - 2005 Conformance Test Procedures for Equipment Interconnecting DR with EPS

1547.2 - 2008 Application Guide for IEEE 1547 Standard for Interconnection of DR with EPS

1547.3 - 2007 Guide for Monitoring, Information Exchange and Control of DR

Current 1547 ProjectsP1547.4 Guide for Design, Operation, and Integration of DR Island Systems with EPS

P1547.6 Recommended Practice for Interconnecting DR With EPS Distribution Secondary Networks

P1547.5 Guidelines for Interconnection of Electric Power Sources Greater Than 10 MVA to the Power Transmission Grid Urban distribution

networks

Microgrids

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P1547.7 Draft Guide to Conducting Distribution Impact Studies for Distributed Resource Interconnection

Identified

in Report

to NIST

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IEEE Unifies Power, Communications and IT:

Smart Grid Interoperability Standards Project P2030

P20

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Communication Technologies {exchange processes

for information}

Information Technologies

{data, facts, and knowledge}

Power and Energy Technologies

[electric power system, end use applications and loads]

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IEEE P2030 Standards Development Schedule

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Smart Grid Conformance Testing• Accelerate

development and adoption of Smart Grid technologies

• Develop consensus-based standard test protocol

• Develop interoperability test beds

• Achieve interoperability between interfaces and devices

CommunicationsInterface

Physically how information moves and devices communicate

Information Technology

Interface

What information moves and how

information is organized

PowerInterface

Physically how electricity moves and devices interconnect Smart Grid

Interface Interoperability

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Grid Simulator

Synchronous GeneratorsPV Arrays

Utility Grid

Battery Banks

Fuel Cells Microturbines

Wind Turbines

PHEV/V2G

Inverters

DC Bus

DC Loads

AC Loads/ Appliances

LV AC Bus MV AC Bus

MV Generation

Building Loads and Demand Response

NREL Smart Grid Testing

Grid Simulator

Energy Storage

Grid Agent/ Smart Meter

Communications/ IT infrastructure

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In Summary

FY 2010 Smart Grid OE Activities at NREL

• Development of Interoperability Standards (e.g., IEEE P2030) and Interconnection Standards (e.g. IEEE 1547)

• Enable High Penetration of Renewables and Distributed Generation (Grid Integration, e.g., IEEE P1547.8 proposed)

• Advanced Distribution System Operations (Microgrids, P1547.4)

• Allow dispatchable load and storage (i.e., V2G; part of IEEE proposed P1547.8 Industry Driven/Collaboration with SAE – and related to NIST Priority Action Plans)