Учитесь хорошо говорить по английски · seaside holiday / an...

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Министерство образования Республики Беларусь

УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ «ГРОДНЕНСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ

ИМЕНИ ЯНКИ КУПАЛЫ»

Учитесь хорошо говорить по-английски

LEARN TO SPEAK ENGLISH WELL

Практикум для студентов специальностей 1 – 02.03.06 – 02 – Немецкий язык. Английский язык,

1 – 02.03.06 – 04 – Французский язык. Английский язык.

Гродно 2006

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УДК 801 (076.5) ББК 81.432.1 У 92

Составители: И.В. Стурейко, Е.Б. Рейшель,

С.С. Хударганова, М.А. Лохницкая Рецензенты: кандидат филологических наук, доцент кафедры иностранных

языков ГрГМУ Л.Н. Гущина; кандидат филологических наук, доцент И.А. Болдак.

Рекомендовано советом филологического факультета ГрГУ им. Я. Купалы

Учитесь хорошо говорить по-английски = Learn to speak English well: практикум / сост. И.В. Стурейко [и др.]. – Гродно: ГрГУ, 2006. – 226 с.

ISBN 985 – 417 – –

Практикум направлен на совершенствование лексических и грамматических

навыков, умение использовать грамматические и лексические структуры в устной и письменной речи, содержит упражнения для развития умений монологической и диалогической речи.

Предназначен для практических занятий по английскому языку как второму иностранному на старших курсах для второго этапа обучения.

УДК 801 (076.5) ББК 81.432.1

ISBN 985 – 417 – – © ГрГУ им. Я. Купалы, 2006

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ОГЛАВЛЕНИЕ

Предисловие 4

Summer holidays 6

Travelling 43

Food, cooking, meals

756

Eating out

1022

Cinema 148

Theatre 188

Рекомендуемая литература 223

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ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ

Практикум составлен в соответствии с программой по практике

устной и письменной речи английского языка как второго иностранного и

предназначен для студентов IV курса.

Цель практикума – формирование и совершенствование у

обучающихся лексических и грамматических навыков и развитие речевых

умений (говорения, чтения, письма).

Учебно-методическое пособие состоит из 6 тем-глав: ‘Holidays’,

‘Travelling’, ‘Food’, ‘Eating out’, ‘Cinema’, ‘Theatre’. Материал внутри глав

расположен по принципу нарастания трудностей. Каждая тема-глава

состоит из 8 частей:

I. VOCABULARY. Предъявляются для активного усвоения

лексические единицы, которые затем повторяются в материалах главы.

II. EXERCISES. Обеспечивается формирование лексических навыков

на основе языковых и коммуникативных упражнений.

III. FOCUS ON GRAMMAR. Обеспечивается совершенствование

речевых грамматических навыков.

IV. CONVERSATIONAL PRACTICE. Содержит упражнения для

обучения речевым умениям говорения – монологической и диалогической

речи.

V. READING ACTIVITY. Предлагается материал для

совершенствования лексических и грамматических навыков, а также

развития речевых умений (чтение, говорение, письмо). Это тексты разных

типов и видов (беседа, письмо, статья, эссе и т.д.) с коммуникативными

заданиями. Тексты служат источником лингвистической и

страноведческой информации, а также используются обучающимися в

качестве образца для построения собственного высказывания.

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VI. DISCUSSING THE TOPIC. Включаются проблемные вопросы и

задания, которые предусматривают обобщение обучающимися материала

предшествующих частей.

VII. PROJECT WORK. Предлагаются задания для развития

творческих способностей обучающихся.

VIII. ADDITIONAL READING. Материалы части предназначены для

обучающихся, заинтересованных в более углубленном изучении темы.

Практикум составлен на базе отечественных, английских и

американских учебных пособий с использованием материалов

периодических изданий, а также самостоятельных разработок

составителей.

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SUMMER HOLIDAYS

VOCABULARY

Holiday(s) (n) Am.E vacation

a healthy holiday / a dream holiday / caravan holidays / package holidays / bank-

holidays / ‘activity’ holidays / ‘working’ holidays, e. g. fruit picking / hiking / a

seaside holiday / an adventure holiday / a camping holiday /a holiday destination

/ holiday-makers

Although many British people go abroad for their holidays, others still

prefer to take their holidays in Britain. There are holidays for every taste:

� The ‘sun-worshippers’ – who like to laze all day on the beach at a

seaside resort like those in Cornwall.

� The ‘action-men (women)’ – who would rather spend their leisure time

walking in the Lake District, rock-climbing in Scotland, pony-trekking

in Wales, sailing or canoeing on a river, a lake or the sea.

� The family holiday: camping in a tent or a caravan. There are official

sites throughout Britain; self-catering houses or flats (in which families

provide their own meals) can be rented in many areas for a fixed

period; holiday camps which can be either full board (with three meals

a day included) or self-catering, and are excellent for families as they

offer a wide variety of amenities for both adults and children.

� The ‘culture hunters’ – who enjoy looking at ancient monuments,

churches, ruins, art galleries, concert halls and theatres.

Accommodation:

Hotels offer a high standard of accommodation and food.

Guest houses provide bed and breakfast, comfortable but less expensive

than hotels

Youth hostels are cheap and some of them provide meals too.

Camp (n)

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to go camping / a camp site / a holiday camp / to cook over a camp fire

Travel (v), (n)

a traveller / to travel abroad / to travel far and wide / to travel round the

world / to travel first class / business class etc. / to travel by air / road / sea / rail /

coach / to travel cheaply / expensively / to travel frequently / rarely / seldom / in

comfort / luxury style / to travel on foot / horseback / to travel light / incognito

Journey (n)

To go on a journey / to make a journey / to set off on a journey

a dangerous / adventurous / exciting / tiring / hazardous / long/short /

(un)pleasant journey

Trip (n)

To cancel a trip / to arrange a trip / to go for a trip / to go on a trip / to be

on a trip / to make a trip / to postpone a trip / to have a trip / to organize a trip

business / enjoyable / holiday / tiring / long/ short / extended / disastrous /

weekend / round-the-world trip / the trip of a lifetime

Tour (n)

To go touring / a guided tour / a tourist / to make a tour of ( a number of

places) / to go on a sightseeing tour / package tour (of a group of people)

Voyage (n) to go on a sea voyage

EXERCISES

Exercise 1. Here is some useful language for when you are staying in

a hotel:

1) I’d like to book a single /double room with a cot.

2) I’d like a room with a shower, a colour TV and a view of the sea.

3) What time do you serve breakfast?

4) Am I too late for dinner / to get something to eat?

5) Is service included?

6) Could I have a call at 7.30, please?

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7) Could we have dinner in our room, please?

8) The tea-making machine in my room isn’t working.

9) I’d like an extra pillow, please.

10) I’d like to make a call to Belarus, please.

11) Sorry to bother you, but…

What would you say in a hotel when …

1) you want to reserve a room for a couple with a small baby?

2) you have to wake up early for an important meeting?

3) your TV screen suddenly goes blank?

4) it’s midnight, you’ve just arrived and you are very hungry?

5) you’d rather not go to the dining room for breakfast?

6) you are not sure whether to leave a tip or not?

Exercise 2. Read the definitions and match with the words given

below. Use each word more than once.

A guesthouse / a journey / a camping site / explore / a trip / a tour / to do

(Europe / Spain / the Greek Islands) / bound for / voyage / en route / a youth

hostel / to cross / travel / holiday camp / a self-catering flat / a cruise / B&B /

an inn

� general activity of moving from place to place

� the time spent and distance covered going from one place to another

� short journey or one on which you spend only a short time in another

place and then come back

� to travel by sea or spacecraft

� facilities available ( shower, shop, etc.); if you can’t afford much and

like the outdoor life

� to sail or travel over or about for pleasure

� travel because you are interested to find out more

� a flat which you rent, you cook for yourself

� to travel to many different places, esp. as part of a planned holiday

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� travelling in a particular direction

� accommodation like a hotel but cheaper and with fewer services; you

can often have an evening meal too, and some places give full board

� to travel across a very large area such as desert, an ocean or an area

of mountains

� despite their name are for all ages; they are cheap and friendly, and

an excellent place for finding out about the local area.

� a place where you can pitch a tent or park a caravan

� to travel around, esp. for pleasure

� a place providing holiday accommodation in little chalets or flats,

with restaurants, bars, swimming pools and lots of other facilities and

entertainment

� travelling from one specific place to another

� they are pubs with accommodation and meals; many of them are very

old, and have been used by travellers for centuries

� you may see a sign in the window of a private house or farm, they

may only take guests for part of the year

Exercise 3. Complete these sentences using the correct form of the

words below in each space. Use each word more than once.

Travel journey trip voyage flight excursion tour

1) He came home after years of foreign _________________.

2) Did you get to Athens during your _________ around Europe?

3) It is a six-hour ____________ by train.

4) Columbus _______ to India turned out very differently from what he

had expected.

5) The _______ from England to India used to take six months.

6) When I go abroad, I prefer to carry __________ cheques to cash.

7) On our holiday the hotel organized lots of _________ to tourist sights.

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8) That was the worst _______ I’ve ever been on, there was turbulence

all the way.

9) I’m going on a business ____________ to Brussels far the day.

10) We decided to break our ______ in Oxford and spend the night there.

11) Are you going to join the __________ to see the old castle?

12) We’ll have time for a ___________ to Madrid at the weekend.

13) We made the long _________ to Patagonia by train.

14) Our _________ is the 406 to Rome.

15) It’s lovely weather. Let’s go for a day ________ to the country.

16) I have to go to the __________ agency to book our holiday.

17) On the _________ out of the city, she saw the sea for the first time.

18) Last year she did an eight-day, three-million-mile __________ in the

Russian spaceship MIR.

19) We are hoping to get an early _________ of Disneyland so we can

visit Seaworld in the afternoon.

20) I have a free weekend so I am going to take a pleasant ________ to

the countryside to enjoy the fall foliage.

Exercise 4. Fill in the missing words in the sentences below.

Bed and breakfast boarding house campsite caravan chalet guest

house holiday camp hotel motel self-catering spa youth hostel

1) If you have a tent, you can always stay at a __________________

2) A __________ is a place with a spring of mineral water, where people

go for their health – usually try to cure various diseases.

3) In Britain you can stay at the night at a ________ place. This is usually

a private home and is fairly cheap. It is sometimes called a ________ .

4) The Ritz is a famous __________ in London. So is the Dorchester.

5) A ________ is a large private home where you can pay to stay and

have meals. These are very common at seaside resorts.

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6) Many people take a ________ with them on holiday. In many ways it

is like taking your home with you. And the big advantage, of course, is

that you can stop and sleep everywhere.

7) A _____ is a place with a large number of people, especially families,

stay. Here, all the food, accommodation and entertainment are

included in the price. You usually stay in a wooden building called a

______.

8) A ________ is especially built for motorists, with a space to park your

car next to the rooms.

9) Many young people and those on walking and cycling holiday stay at a

________. This is usually very basic and cheap. And you often have to

sleep in the same room as others.

10) Many people when they go abroad stay at a _______ cottage or flat.

Here, they have to do all the cooking themselves.

Exercise 5. Here are other useful holiday words. Choose from the

following and write the missing words.

Balcony beauty spot brochures cruise excursion foreign

currency guidebook holiday-makers itinerary package tour

phrase-book resort sunbathing view visa

1) A ______ is a holiday that includes travel, hotels, meals, etc. It is

usually planned and people travel in fairly large groups.

2) I like to come back from my holidays with a good suntan, so I usually

spend most of the day __________ on the beach.

3) Before deciding where to go on holiday, we always read lots of

different ___________ that we get from our local travel agency.

4) I’m just going to the bank to get some ___________ for my trip to

France next week.

5) In the winter, her parents always spent two weeks at a ski ________ in

Austria.

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6) When they booked in at the hotel, they asked for a room with a ______

of the beach and a _________ they could sit out on in the evenings.

7) If you don’t speak the language in the country you are visiting, it’s a

good idea to take a _________ with you.

8) In the summer, Brighton, Hastings and Eastbourne are always full of

____________ both British and foreign.

9) When she visited Florida, she stayed in Orlando and went on an

_______ to the Kennedy Space Centre.

10) You still need to apply for a __________ to visit certain foreign

countries.

11) A ________ is a place known for the beauty of its scenery.

12) An ________ is a plan of a journey, which includes the route, places

to visit, and so on.

13) Before we visit a new place, we usually buy a _________ to get to

know something about the place and to be able to plan our trip better.

14) I’d love to go on a world __________. Unfortunately, I don’t think I

ever will because I get seasick very easily.

Exercise 6. Read the sentences paying attention to the intonation of

general and special questions. Find the answers on the right:

1) Are they on holiday? a) Not so much. I like swimming in

the sea better.

2) Have you relaxed well? b) It usually depends on the

weather.

3) Did you have fun? c) I hired it on the beach.

4) Did you take pictures? d) Yes, they are. They have been

on holiday for two weeks.

5) Where did they go camping? e) Yes, we did. We always take

pictures.

6) Did you have a good holiday? f) Yes, we did. Because the

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weather was good.

7) What does it depend on? g) He means you shouldn’t

sleep till ten.

8) What does he mean? h) We went camping to the

seaside.

9) Do you like lying in the sun? i) No, I haven’t. There was too

noisy.

10) Where did you hire a bicycle? j) No, we didn’t. Everything

was dull.

FOCUS ON GRAMMAR

Exercise 1. Study these examples and fill the gaps in the sentences

below.

-ing – as the subject of a sentence:

e.g. Travelling abroad can be exhausting.

_________ people can be tiring.

_________ a new city can be exciting.

_________ in hotels can be lonely.

_________ from the airport to the city is easy.

-ing – after prepositions:

e.g. Is anyone interested in playing tennis this evening?

I can’t get used to living in a different time zone.

I’m looking forward to ________ the USA next summer. It’s unwise to

travel by air without _______ a reservation. You can find out if flights are

delayed by ______ the airport.

VERBS + -ing:

enjoy finish dislike avoid

give up practice delay don’t mind

e.g. I’ve finished reading that report. I’m trying to give up smoking.

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I avoid ___________ by car on business.

I dislike _____________ in airport lounges.

I always enjoy ______________ unusual foreign food.

VERBS + to:

learn manage mean choose forget can’t afford help

pretend need didn’t mean expect hope offer refuse

want agree promise I’d like recommend encourage train

teach allow

e.g. I’d like you to give me a hand with these files.

They promised to phone me back. He didn’t mean to be rude to you.

I can’t afford_____________ at the Ritz.

We decided _____________ the weekend at the seaside.

We managed ___________ two seats on tomorrow’s flight.

VERBS + -ing or + to with no difference in meaning:

Begin start continue intend hate

like love prefer propose

e.g. She began to make/making enquiries. I love to eat/eating Chinese

food.

She hates _____________ alone in restaurants.

Which plane do you propose ____________?

After the meal we continued _____________.

VERBS + -ing or + to with a difference in meaning:

stop to — stop -ing

e.g. Please stop making that noise, it’s driving me mad! (= don’t continue

…)

We stopped to get some petrol and have some lunch. (= stop in order to

…)

Their boss told them to stop ________ personal calls on the office phone.

I was half-way through the report but I had to stop _________ the phone.

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remember to — remember –ing

e.g. Did you remember to call our agents in Rio yesterday? (= not forget

...)

‘I don’t remember you asking me to, Bob.’ (= have a clear memory of ...)

Please remember _________ us a telex to confirm the details.

I remember ___________ her last year at the sales conference.

try to – try -ing

e.g ‘I’m trying to open this box, but I’m just not strong enough.’ (= try

with difficulty or without success)

Try hitting it with a hammer, which might work. (= try this method ...)

We tried _________ you on the phone but you weren’t available.

Why didn’t you try ___________ me at home? You’ve got my number.

To after adjectives:

pleased glad surprised disappointed relieved to ...

e.g. I was pleased to receive your invitation.

They were relieved to hear the plane had landed safely.

I was glad __________ my old colleague at the conference.

We were surprised ________ that the fare was over $500.

interesting kind hard essential difficult easy to ...

It was interesting to see the factory. It’s hard to get a visa for Burma.

It’s easy _____________ from the airport to the city by public transport.

It was very kind of you _____________ me at the station.

too ... to and ... enough to

e.g. She was clever enough to guess the answer. My coffee is too hot to

drink.

The parcel was too __________ to be sent by post.

I want to be early enough ____________ a good seat on the train.

Exercise 2. Work in pairs. Underline the correct alternatives in these

sentences. The first is done for you as an example.

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1. Eat/Eating/To eat ... the local food and ... drink/drinking/to drink ... the

local wine made me feel ill the next morning.

2. We were very annoyed ... find out/finding out/to find out ... that

customs formalities took so long.

3. I’m afraid I didn’t remember ... post/posting/to post ... the letter.

4. I try ... avoid/avoiding/to avoid ... go/going/to go ... abroad during the

summer.

5. On the way to my host’s house I stopped ... buy/buying/to buy some

flowers.

6. After a long day, I was looking forward to ... have/having ... a drink, a

shower and a rest.

7. If you go to live in another country it can take a long time ...

get/getting/to get ... used to ... adapt/adapting ... to the way of life.

8. Have you managed ... get/getting/to get ... me a seat on tomorrow’s

flight?

Exercise 3. Fill these gaps with suitable words, using -ing or to:

1. We’ll delay leaving until we hear the weather forecast.

2. Which hotel would you recommend me ______________ ?

3. It’s essential __________ a visa if you intend _____ USA.

4. Would you like ___________ the evening with my family and me?

5. It wasn’t easy _______ an interpreter who spoke both Chinese and

Japanese.

6. He was talking to me about __________ Japan next spring.

7. ______ is not allowed in public buildings in this country.

8. There’s a disco in the hotel. The music started ____________ at 11

p.m. and it stopped me ____________ till 3 a.m.

9. I tried ___________ have a shower, but there was no hot water.

10. We agreed ______________ in the hotel lobby at 8 o’clock.

11. The 07.15 plane is too early for me ___________ .

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12. It’s been a lovely evening! Will you allow me ________ the wine?

13. Thank you very much. It was very kind of you __________ me.

14. Would you like me ______________ a lift to the airport in my car?

15. I don’t mind _______________ when I’m abroad.

16. I usually enjoy ______________ when I’m away from home.

Exercise 4. Alex and Anna are getting ready to go on holiday. Here is

the list of things to do before they leave for the holiday. Ask and answer if

they have done each thing yet. Example: Have they collected the plane tickets yet?

� Yes, they have.

� Have they packed the suitcases yet?

� No, they haven’t. Collect the plane tickets xxxx

Find the passports

Take the cat to the cattery

Order a taxi to the airport

Pack the suitcases

Collect the traveller’s cheques xxxx

Buy a film for the camera xxxx

Exercise 5. If a line has a definite article that should not be there,

underline it and put a cross opposite the line. The first is done for you.

When my father was at the University, x

he went to the Netherlands on the holiday.

He and a friend went by the ferry from Dover

to a port called the Hague. Then they hitchhiked

to Amsterdam. They stayed in the center

at the Paradiso Hotel at $2 a night. It was the cheapest

place to stay. There were the two huge rooms with

fifty mattresses on the floor. Everyone had their own

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sleeping bags. In the morning everyone

had to leave the place by nine o’clock.

My father and his friend hired the bikes to go around

the country. They made lots of friends. Everyone

studies the English at the school there and they all spoke it well.

Exercise 6. Peter Atherton is enquiring about holidays in the USA at

a travel agent’s. Complete the dialogue with the correct form of the verbs in

brackets.

Peter Good morning. My wife and I (look) ________ for a holiday on the

west coast of America. We (think) ________ of going to San

Francisco or maybe Los Angeles, we’re not sure.

Agent OK. (you / have) _________ any children?

Peter Yes, two young boys.

Agent Well, Las Vegas (change) its image these days to appeal more to

families and some of the hotels are spectacular. It (become)

_________ quite a popular destination for British tourists.

And at the moment we (do) _________ a special ten-day offer with

a stay in the Treasure Island hotel.

Peter OK, and what about San Francisco?

Agent Well, obviously San Francisco (have) __________ plenty of things

to see and do, for example, Alcatraz, the Golden Gate, Fisherman’s

Wharf and so on. I (think)__________ that if you and your wife

(prefer)_______ a family holiday rather than casinos and nightclubs

then San Francisco is probably better.

Peter How much (it / cost)____________?

Agent Well, it (vary) __________ actually, why not do a fly-drive? For

example, you could fly to Los Angeles and then spend time visiting

Las Vegas, San Diego, the Yosemite National Park and San

Francisco.

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We (suggest) _________ an itinerary for you and (provide) ______

hotel vouchers for overnight stays and (give) _______ you all the

necessary advice you (need) _________. Let me see, fourteen

nights accommodation and two-weeks car rent (amount) ________

to 756 pounds per person.

Peter (that / include) ___________insurance?

Agent No, I’m afraid that’s extra.

Peter Where (flights / leave) __________ from?

Agent Heathrow and they are all scheduled.

Peter OK. Well, thank you very much. We’ll have to think about it. It all

(depend) ______ to some extent on my job. You see I (work) _____

on a big project at the moment and (not / know) ________ exactly

when I can take my holiday. I (think) ___________ it’ll be in

August but I’m not sure.

Agent OK, well, let me give you a brochure and you think it over.

Exercise 7. Complete Maria’s letter with the verbs in the correct

tense.

Dear Kelly,

Sorry I (not/ be) ________ in touch for such a long time. I (write)

_______ this on the coach to Russia. I’m on my way to Kiev to stay with my

grandmother. I (usually/ visit) ________ her once a year. She (live) ________ in

a village just outside Kiev.

I (not/ see) _________ her since last July so it’ll be fun. I (always/ get on)

__________ very well with her. I (have/ never) __________ a holiday on my

own without Mum or Dad before so I (enjoy) __________ the freedom! How are

things with you?

Give my love to your parents and write soon!

Love from,

Maria.

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Exercise 8. Make all the changes and additions necessary to produce,

from the following sets of words and phrases, sentences that together make

a complete letter. Write a single sentence in the spaces provided.

Example: I /be surprised / receive / letter / you /this morning

I was very surprised to receive a letter from you this morning.

24 rue St Jacques

Paris 17

28 August 2002 Dear Mr. and Mrs. Farmer

I write / thank you for have me / stay / you / my exchange visit last

month.___________________________________________

It be nice / meet Mark after /I /be his pen-friend / more / a

year._______________________________________________________

I enjoy / trip / River Thames/ especially the view / the city / the

boat.________________________________________________________

It /also be /great fun / climb / the top / the

castle.______________________________________________________

I not think /I ever climb / high before / my

life.________________________________________________________

I enclose / photograph / I take / you and Mark / the

airport.__________________________________________

I think / you like it / souvenir / lovely time / we spend

together._________________________________________

Look forward / show Mark / Paris / he come / stay /my family next

holidays._________________________________________

Thank you both for your kind hospitality.

Yours sincerely,

Julia.

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CONVERSATION PRACTICE

Exercise 1. Talk about your plans for future holidays with your

partners. The ‘mind map’ given below will help you.

CHEAP EXPENSIVE NEEDS

Camping cruise passport

hitch-hiking hotel insurance

stay with friends skiing money

beach clothes

swimming

HOLIDAYS

COLD HOT

Siberia Africa

Arctic The Bahamas

The Far East The Crimea

Skiing safari

TRANSPORT ADVENTURE

by plane camping

by car walking

by coach sailing

by train trekking

by boat exploring

Exercise 2. A. What makes a good holiday? Give your opinion of each

activity. What are the most popular activities?

HOLIDAY ACTIVITIES

Sunbathing Walking Night club

Swimming and diving Sightseeing Playing cards

Water sports, fishing Skiing Shopping

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Visiting the countryside Disco Meeting people

B. Is it better to have a holiday abroad, or in your own country?

C. How popular is your country for tourists? If you were trying to

attract visitors to your area what attractions would you mention? Scenery,

history, hospitality, weather…

Exercise 3. Work in pairs and make up a dialogue according to the

roles given.

BOOKING A HOLIDAY

Student A. You work for Sunshine Touring. Student B phones you up.

Give him/her all the necessary information with the help of the holiday

information. Then, if she/he is interested in booking a holiday, fill in the

following booking form.

SUNSHINE TOURING Holiday Booking Form

Number of days…….

Destination…………………Departure………..

Day………. Time………….Flight No………….

Name: ……………………………………………

Address: ………………………………………….

Tel. No:…………………………………………

SUNSHINE TOURING

place day time flight No. No. of days hotel price

Majorka Sat 13.30 BE 237 14 Santa Lucia $ 299

Athens Tues 09.30 OA 142 10 Rivoli $ 250

Crete Sun 19.30 BE 672 14 El Greco $ 350

Paris Sun 16.00 AF 924 7 Normandie $ 150

Rome Mon 08.15 BE 312 10 Londra $ 320

Rhodes Sat 18.00 LH 007 14 Carina $ 399

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Barcelona Tues 16.20 BE 172 10 Do Carmo $ 265

Student B. Today is Saturday. You have a two-week holiday starting on

Monday. You have planned to stay at home but the weather has been so bad

lately that you think it would be nice to go abroad.

You see the advertisement in the morning paper and decide to phone up

and book one of the holidays – you don’t really care where you go.

SUNSHINE TOURING

Last minute cancellations!

Reduced prices to:

Majorca Rome

Athens Rhodos

Crete Barcelona

Ring for further details immediately!

Tel.: 212 4695

Before starting, have a pen ready to make a note of the following

Destination……………………………

Number of days……………………….

Day of departure………………………

Time of departure……………………...

Flight number…………………..……...

Hotel…………………………………...

Price……………………………………

You can begin like this:

‘Good (morning), I’m phoning about your advertisement in the morning’s

paper...’

Exercise 4. A. Make a survey on how people in your group spent their

summer holidays last year. The following questions and the chart below can

24

help you. Be ready to share your findings with the rest of the class. Finally

you will use this information to make a written report.

1) Have you ever experienced being (abroad, to …, away from home)?

2) Where did you go? With whom?

3) When was that?

4) How long did you stay?

5) Did you like it there?

6) What impressed you most?

7) How many postcards did you send?

Have you ever…?

Name Where?

With whom?

How long? How? How

many postcards…?

What?

B. Now use the information you collected to complete the report on

your findings.

‘I have interviewed some of my group-mates about how they spend their

holidays and learned some interesting things about their experiences. For

example…’

C. Read the following proverbs. Match them with the Russian

equivalents. Use them in situations of your own.

1. East or West home is best. 2. When in Rome do as the Romans do. 3.

Home is home though it will never be so homely. 4. Haste trips over its own

heels. 5. More haste, less speed. 6. Haste makes waste. 7. He has no home

whose home is everywhere. 8. Every country has its customs.

a) Скоро пойдешь — ногу зашибешь.

b) Своя земля и в горсти мила.

c) Поспешишь — людей насмешишь.

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d) В чужой монастырь со своим указом не ходят.

e) Тише едешь – дальше будешь.

f) В гостях хорошо, а дома лучше.

g) Что город, то и норов.

h) Чужие стены не греют.

Exercise 5. Which of the holiday places have you or your friends

stayed at? What are the advantages and disadvantages of each? Try and

note down at least one advantage and one disadvantage for each even if you

have no direct personal experience of them.

Exercise 6. Looking after a visitor

Even if you don’t travel on business yourself, it’s quite likely you may

have to greet, meet or eat with visitors from abroad. Here are some things you

might have to do when looking after an English-speaking visitor. Which of these

activities have you done or might you have to do one day? Put a tick beside the

things you might have to do.

� Picking a visitor up at the airport or station

� Accompanying the visitor to his or her hotel

� Helping to fill in forms in your language

� Translating or interpreting for a visitor

� Explaining to a visitor how to get somewhere

� Accompanying a visitor on part of his or her journey

� Showing a visitor round your office or factory

� Introducing a visitor to your colleagues and superiors

� Eating and drinking with a visitor

� Explaining how to use the public transport system

� Explaining local customs and habits

� Helping a visitor with problems

� Showing a visitor the sights and tourist attractions

� Explaining the economy and industry of your area

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� Helping a visitor with shopping

� Seeing a visitor off at the airport

Join a group and tell your partners about your experiences.

Exercise 7. Work in pairs. Imagine that one of you is arriving and the

other waiting at the airport.

1. Before you start, decide together who you are: your names and jobs,

where you are and the reasons for the visit.

2. Role-play the whole scene, right up to leaving the airport.

3. Change partners and role-play the scene again.

Exercise 8. Giving Directions

A. Here are some phrases you can use when giving directions:

� It’s a bit complicated, I’d better show you on the map.

� It’ll take about 20 minutes on foot.

� Go to the right as you leave this building and turn left when you get to

the town hall.

� Keep straight on and go across the river. You’ll see the railway station

on the right / on your right.

� Continue along that road for three blocks till you come to a church.

Opposite the church there is a big square. The restaurant is down a

little back street on the other side of the square.

� You can take the tram – it’s number 89 that says ‘ZOO’ on the front.

You’ll need to get a ticket from the machine before you get on. At the

fifth stop you get off and cross the road and walk on for about 100

metres. The restaurant is on the left, you can’t miss it.

� Drive straight on until you see the blue signs that say ‘CITY’. Follow

these signs as far as the lake and then turn right and drive along the

lake for about 5 kilometres. The restaurant is on the right just after the

first village, you can’t miss it.

B. Work in pairs. Play the roles of host and visitor.

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The visitor needs to know how to get to all the important parts of your

town or city. Draw a rough street plan before you start – or draw the map for the

‘visitor’ as you explain how to get to each place. Change roles so that you each

have a turn as a host.

C. Local knowledge.

It’s a good idea to get to know your own city or town from a visitor’s

point of view – this may be quite different from your view as a resident.

What do you know about your own city? Do you know …

where a visitor could go on a free day, or at the weekend?

when the museums and art galleries are open?

how a visitor can get tickets for a concert or show?

where a visitor can rent a car?

which restaurants serve typical local dishes?

where a visitor can buy local specialities to take home?

when the bus to the airport leaves and how long it takes?

D. Work in pairs. Imagine you’ll soon be welcoming two people from

the other side of the world, who haven’t left their own country before.

They’re coming to work with you for a few months.

Exercise 9. A. Make a list of customs and habits that will seem

strange and which will be different from their country. What will you

explain to them about …

� eating (popular dishes, meal times, etc.)

� public transport (how do you get tickets, for example?)

� shopping (where to buy groceries and clothes cheaply?)

� work (clothes to wear, office hours etc)

� entertainments (where can you go dancing, for example?)

� sports (where can you play tennis, work out or swim, etc.?)

28

B. Now form a group of four with another pair. Imagine that the

others are newly-arrived foreigners, who need to be briefed on habits and

customs in your country.

C. Half-way through, your teacher will tell you to change roles.

D. Make a list of fifteen famous local names: ones that are well-

known in your country but less well-known abroad.

2 national politicians 2 local politicians 2 historical figures

2 TV personalities 2 movie stars 2 entertainers or artists

2 big names in local industry or commerce

E. Join one or two other pairs. Explain to the members of the group

why the people who are on your list but not on theirs are well-known –

imagine they are foreigners who are unfamiliar with your country.

READING ACTIVITY

Exercise 1. A. In groups of three read through the dialogue each

taking a part. Discuss your comprehension and reactions. AT THE TRAVEL AGENCY

Man Are you a travel agency?

Travel agent No, this is a fish and chips shop.

Man Oh, sorry. Terribly sorry.

Travel agent No, no, wait. Just a little joke. This is in fact a travel agency.

Can I help you?

Man Yes, we’d like some information about holidays.

Woman We want to have an interesting holiday.

Travel agent Ah, an interesting holiday. Have you ever been to Brighton?

Man Brighton? No, we haven’t.

Woman And we don’t want to either.

Travel agent Why not?

Man Well, Brighton isn’t very exciting.

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Travel agent Oh, I see. Well, let me see now. Yes. How about the Sahara

Desert?

Man The Sahara Desert?

Travel agent Have you ever been to the Sahara Desert?

Man No, we haven’t.

Travel agent We can offer you 45 days in the middle of the Sahara Desert.

Woman In the middle of the Sahara Desert? Is there anything to do?

Travel agent Oh yes, there are lots of things to do. Have you ever been in

a sandstorm?

Woman A sandstorm? No, we haven’t.

Travel agent Oh, that’s very exciting. There are sandstorms every day.

And twice on Sundays. And there are a lot of poisonous

snakes.

Woman Poisonous snakes?

Travel agent Have you ever been bitten by a poisonous snake?

Both No, we haven’t. No.

Travel agent It’s very exciting. Yes, sandstorms, poisonous snakes and

on the last day a stampede of camels.

Woman A stampede of camels? What’s that?

Travel agent You stand in the middle of 300 camels. Somebody fires a

gun. And all the camels get up and run away.

Woman And we are standing in the middle?

Travel agent Yes. Have you ever seen a frightened camel?

Man No, but isn’t it dangerous?

Travel agent Of course it’s dangerous, but that’s what makes it so

exciting.

Man Oh, well… How much is it?

Travel agent It’s just 800 hundred pounds

Both 800 hundred pounds?

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Travel agent Each. And 5 pounds extra for the stampede of camels.

Man Look. Haven’t you got anything cheaper?

Travel agent Something cheaper, just let me look…Well… Yes.

We can give you three weeks in a little boat in the middle of

the Arctic Sea, and the boat has a little hole in the bottom.

Man Oh... in the bottom?

Travel agent Well, that’s what makes it exciting. Just imagine, three

weeks in a small boat, a hole in the bottom and enough

food only for ten days and ... it costs only 600 pounds.

Each.

Man That sounds a bit strange, a bit dangerous.

Travel agent Well, of course, it’s dangerous. That’s what makes it

exciting. This is the 21st century. People want exciting

holidays nowadays. You came in here and you

specifically asked for an exciting holiday.

Woman Yes, we do want an exciting holiday, but we don’t want

a dangerous or a very expensive one or a holiday that’s

too far away from home.

Travel agent Oh, I see. You want something nearer home. How about

four weeks in Spain fighting bulls?

Man Bullfighting? … No, I don’t think we’d like that.

Travel agent How about 10 days in Paris…

Both That sounds marvelous. Wonderful.

Travel agent … painting the Eiffel tower.

Man No, I don’t think we’d like that.

Travel agent How about two weeks in Brighton, in a little hotel, very

near the sea, very quiet.

Woman Oh. That sounds marvelous. Very nice.

Travel agent No camels, no poisonous snakes, no small boat.

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Woman Well, you can’t have everything, can you?

Man How much is it?

Travel agent Just 50 pounds

Man Each?

Travel agent No. For the two of you.

Both Fantastic. Marvelous. Yes, we’ll take it.

B. Role-play the dialogue. Pay special attention to stress and pauses,

trying to bring out the humour.

C. It’s quite obvious that the couple doesn’t want to go to the Sahara

desert. However, they want an exciting holiday. In the following episodes

they will be offered a number of interesting places to visit. Write down what

you think will be exciting things to do or see there.

Painting / making a boat trip / being dropped by a parachute / fighting bulls /

receiving a full package for only ten days

The Arctic Sea

What you think: __________________________________

What the travel agent thinks would be an exciting experience: ______________

The Amazon Jungle

What you think: _______________________

What the travel agent thinks: ____________________

Spain

What you think: ____________________

What the travel agent thinks: _____________________

D. What would you have done? Would you have taken the holiday in

Brighton?

Exercise 2. Read the article and complete the table below.

Example: ‘I want to explore the countries where I can speak English.

Where am I going to start?’

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DREAM HOLIDAY

AUSTRALIA

Australia is particularly hot from November to March. I love hot weather

so I am going to arrive in Sydney in December. There is a lot of outdoor life,

and water sports to keep you cool.

SOUTH AFRICA

South Africa offers luxury safaris and the chance to see lots of exotic

animals. It also has a wonderful coastline. So, after the safari, I am going to find

a beach and swim. I like the sun so I’m going to go in February.

INDIA

Rajasthan is the perfect ‘India for beginners’ with its colours, views and

monuments. There are also exciting markets too, with beautiful clothes and

jewellery. I’m going to spend a month there in January. That’s when they say

the weather is really good.

CANADA

It’s the Rockies for me in November! There are mountains and beautiful

lakes everywhere. I’d like to visit the Inuits in the north of Canada too, but

unfortunately I’m not going to get there … there isn’t enough time.

IRELAND

In March I’m going to take part in the St Patrick’s Day festivities but I

know it can be cold. I’m going to buy a beautiful Irish sweater to take back

home. Dublin is a great city and there’s fantastic countryside too, so Ireland

should be fun.

When to visit What to see

Australia Sydney

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Outdoor life

Water sports

South Africa

India

Canada November

Ireland

Exercise 3. A. Look through the advertisements and speak about the

advantages of each type of holidays. CHOOSING A HOLIDAY

Walking in Switzerland

A wonderful week walking through the Swiss Alps. Simple

accommodation in friendly farmhouses and on campsites. Including climbing,

canoeing and boat trips.

See the Real India!

Cross India by Landrover. See the real India on our camping tour, and get

off the beaten track into mountains, deserts and jungle. Flight to Delhi, and then

two weeks on the road. Adventure lovers only please!

Canal Cruise.

Travel back through time on the rivers and canals of France. Our boats

sleep four adults, and are fully equipped as holiday homes on the water. Dream

the miles away through the heart of the French countryside.

Fruit Picking.

Students – have a healthy holiday and earn some pocket money. Pick fruit

on our farm in Northern Italy. We pay you for every basket you fill. And we’ll

provide you with basic board and lodging in modernized fifteenth century farm

buildings.

Seaside Holiday.

You want to go on a seaside holiday abroad! You are mainly interested in

relaxing in the sun because you need a rest after a very busy year.

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Adventure Holiday.

You want to go on adventure holiday walking and camping in mountains

in your own country? You can be sure it would be a cheap and healthy holiday!

You want to relax, but you also want to do some sightseeing. You are

interested in museums and old buildings.

Last year you went on a package holiday and spent two weeks on the

beach. You want something different this year.

B. Discuss with your partner the following:

a) What are the advantages of each type of holidays?

b) What is your favourite type of holiday and what activities should it

include?

c) What tour may attract two married pensioners/ a newly married couple/

a family with two children?

Exercise 4. Read the story below and decide on the correct order of

the paragraphs (A – D). Then decide which of the four sentences (1 – 4) goes

at the end of each paragraph. A

One evening I found a wonderful pace to camp, quite high up in the

mountains. I parked my car down a track, a hundred metres or so away from the

road, and pitched my tent in a small wood by a stream. I made supper, washed

the dishes in the stream, and went out for a walk in the moonlight.

B

It looked very beautiful, but I was in trouble. If I didn’t move fast I might

not get away before the snow blocked the roads – indeed, it might already be too

late to get the car back to the road. Without waiting to dress, I took down the

tent as far as I could, threw everything into the car and started driving. It was

hard to tell where the track was, and twice I got stuck.

C

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A few years ago, I went on a camping holiday in the Pyrenees, in the

south of France, in late September. I sometimes camped in public camp sites –

they are mostly clean and well run, and it’s convenient to have toilets, showers

and so on. But more often I camp rough.

D

I was woken in the middle of the night by a rustling noise. At first I

thought there was an animal moving around outside. Then I thought perhaps it

was branches touching the tent – but there weren’t any trees near enough. I

looked out of the tent, and for a moment I was puzzled. Everything looked

completely different – white and shining, and strangely flat in the moonlight.

Suddenly I realized – snow!

1) But at last I managed to get to the road and drive down the mountain

out of the snowstorm – just in time.

2) I didn’t mind not having the facilities, and it was pleasant to be myself.

3) It was already quite deep, and coming down fast.

4) Then I undressed, got into my sleeping bag, took a last look at the

moon and went to sleep.

1. Ask and answer questions on the text.

2. Write about a personal experience using one of these beginnings or

something similar.

‘Several years ago my friends/family and I decided to go on a

camping/walking/touring holiday in…’

Exercise 5. Last summer a group of students went on a trip to the

Himalayas to learn about other cultures and landscapes. One of the

students, kept a diary during the trip. Here are some extracts from the

diary. Read and discuss if you’d like going on such a trip? Why? / Why

not?

ON TOP OF THE WORLD

36

Day 3. Two days ago we took an overnight flight direct to Katmandu in

Nepal and spent yesterday sightseeing. Katmandu is full of people, rickshaws

and the smell of sandalwood. I’ve never been on a trip like this before so I’m

really excited.

Day 4. At lunchtime today we arrived at Pokhara, Nepal’s second largest

city, and saw the snowy peaks of the Himalayas for the first time. We reached

Pokhara after a hair-raising six-hour bus journey along very narrow roads.

Day 5. We have begun our trek at last. We are at about 900 meters and

the weather is warm and humid. For lunch we had chips and yak cheese

sandwiches. I didn’t like them very much.

Day 8. This morning we walked along the river Kali Gandaki through

dense forests of oak until we reached our camp at Tukuche below the

Annapurna mountain range. The main trekking danger is a ‘yak attack’. Yaks

are not dangerous but you have to be careful if you meet a herd of them because

they can push you off the side of a mountain.

Day 10. We have already climbed 2,400 metres. Up there it never rains

and there are no trees. It is windy and dusty and I’m always thirsty. You can get

fizzy drinks along the way but we usually drink our own bottled water. We peel

all the fruit too.

Day 11. Yesterday we went up the mountainside to the township of

Muktinath, at 3.600 metres. The thin air there leaves you breathless. You feel

you can’t go on. Even tying your bootlaces is difficult. We drank a lot of extra

fluids to prevent altitude sickness.

Day 13. We turned round today and started to descend to Jomosom. As

we went down, the oxygen filled our blood again and we seemed to be flying

instead of walking!

Day 15. We went back to Pokhara in a small plane yesterday. It was

exciting when we flew between the mountain peaks. We arrived in Katmandu

37

this afternoon and we’ve spent our last few hours shopping. We’ve had the trip

of a lifetime, and I’ve used five rolls of film!

Exercise 6. Read the text and find as many arguments as you can to

explain why people like to have a change. Say how to make this change a

real holiday.

HOLIDAYS AND HOW TO SPEND THEM

The whole point of a holiday is that it should be a change. Most people

like a change of scene: if they live upcountry, they like to go to a big town and

spend their time looking at shops, visiting cinemas, museums, art galleries,

having a good time at hotels and dances; if they are city-dwellers, they like a

quiet holiday in the hills or by the sea, with nothing to do but walk, bathe and

laze in the sun. Sometimes people have to spend their vacation in the same

surroundings as their working days. What can these do to make their period of

rest a real holiday?

The best thing is to choose some form of occupation entirely different

from their daily avocation.

The whole virtue of holiday which brings a change of scene or occupation

is that it is only temporary. Sooner or later it comes to an end, and the holiday-

maker goes back to his normal life. If he has used his holiday well, he ought not

to feel a very deep regret that it is over, however much he has enjoyed it, for it

ought to have refreshed him and filled him with vigour for the true work of his

life to which he is now returning.

Exercise 7. A. Read the text and say if you agree with the author’s

point of view.

WHY NOT STAY AT HOME

Some people travel on business, others in search of health. But it is

neither the sickly nor the men of affairs who fill the Grand Hotel and the pockets

of their proprietors. It is those who travel ‘for pleasure’, as the phrase goes.

What Epicures, who never traveled except when he was banished, sought in his

38

own garden, our tourists seek abroad. And do they find their happiness? Those

who frequent the place where they resort must often find that tourists are, in the

main a very gloomy looking tribe. I have seen much brighter looking faces at a

funeral than in the Piazza of St Mark’s. Only when they can band together and

pretend for a brief, precarious hour, that they are at home, do the majority of

tourists look really happy. One wonders why they came abroad. The fact is that

very few travelers really like traveling. If they go to the trouble & expense of

traveling, it is not so much from curiosity, for fun or because they like to see

things beautiful and strange, as out of a kind of snobbery. People travel for the

same reason as they collect works of art: because the best people do it. To have

been to certain spots on the earth’s surface is socially correct; and having been

there, one is superior to those who have not. Moreover, traveling gives one

something to talk about when one gets home. The subjects of conversation are

not so numerous that one can neglect an opportunity of adding to one’s store…

Aldous Huxley, Along the Road (1925)

B. Discuss with your partner your personal motives for traveling or

staying at home during your holidays.

Exercise 8. Read the text then comment on it. Say whether you agree

with the opinion that is expressed in the text. What is your point of view on

tourism and sightseeing?

WHY TO BE A TOURIST?

In many countries of the world when time for holidays comes, people

want to get away from home. I agree it’s nice to have a change, but I do think

being a tourist is a silly occupation.

Have you ever asked yourself what you really learn from going abroad

just for two or three weeks? Not much, I suspect. You wander around looking at

buildings and people in different clothes with eyes wide open. You eat different

food and sit in the sun but you don’t really get to know the people. And the local

people don’t really like you – you are spoiling their normal way of life.

39

Well, you don’t agree with me? All right, count all the advantages for you

and the country you visit.

Now, what about the disadvantages? Do you know any places in your

country that have been spoilt by too many hotels, too many cars, too many

souvenir shops, and too many people with cameras and ice creams? Tell about

these places. I can think of plenty of places like this in Britain. If you were a

Minister for Tourism in your government how would you prevent places from

being spoilt? (From BBC English)

Exercise 9. Read the text once very attentively and try to understand

and remember as much as you can. Answer the questions after the text.

MODERN HOLIDAYS IN GREAT BRITAIN

Both of the traditional types of holiday have become less popular in the

last quarter of the twentieth century. The increase in car ownership has

encouraged many people to take caravan holidays. But the greatest cause in the

decline of the traditional holiday is foreign tourism. Before the 1960s, only the

rich took holidays abroad. These days millions of British people take their cars

across the channel every year and nearly half of all the nights spent on holidays

away from home are spent abroad.

Most foreign holidays are package holidays, in which transport and

accommodation are booked and paid for through a travel agent. These holidays

are often booked a long time in advance. In the middle of winter the television

companies run programmes, which give information about the packages being

offered. People need cheering up at this time of the year!

Spain is by far the most popular package-holiday destination. Half of all

the holidays taken within Britain are now for three days or less. Every bank-

holiday weekend there are long traffic jams along the routes to the most popular

holiday areas. The traditional seaside resorts have survived by adjusting

themselves to this trend. (Only the rich have second houses or cottages in the

countryside to which they can escape at weekends.) They have some hotels

40

where richer people stay, but most families stay at boarding houses. These are

small family businesses, offering either ‘bed and breakfast’ (B&B) or, more

rarely, ‘full board’ (meaning that all meals are provided). Some streets in

seaside resorts are full of nothing but boarding houses. The food in these, and in

local restaurants, is cheap and conventional with an emphasis on fish and chips.

Stereotypically, daytime entertainment in sunny weather centers around

the beach. For the evenings, and when it is raining, there are amusement

arcades, bingo halls, dance halls, discos, theatres, bowling alleys, and so on.

Another traditional holiday destination, which was very popular in Britain in the

1960s, is the holiday camp, where visitors stay in chalets in self-contained

villages with all food and entertainment organized for them.

But there are also many other types of holiday. Hiking in the country and

sleeping at youth hostels has long been popular. There is also a wide range of

‘activity’ holidays available, giving full expression to British individualism. An

increasing number of people now go on ‘working’ holidays, during which they

might help to repair an ancient stonewall or take part in an archaeological dig.

This is an echo of another traditional type of ‘holiday’ – fruit picking. It used to

be the habit of poor people from the east end of London, for example, to go to

Kent at the end of the summer to help with the hop (hops are used for making

beer) harvest.

Answer the questions on the text:

1) What are the traditional types of holiday in Britain?

2) What was the reason of the decline of the traditional types of holiday?

3) What are modern types of holiday in Britain?

4) Would you like to try fruit picking? Why?

5) What is having a good rest for you?

6) Say what new things you have learned from the text.

DISCUSSING THE TOPIC

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1. Interview your group-mates and find out what types of holiday are the

most and the least popular with them.

2. Describe in details your last trip. Difficulties, fears and pleasantries.

3. You are a tourist agent, you talk with a customer, describe different tours,

trying to help him make his choice.

4. Where would you spend your ideal holiday? What kind of

accommodation would you stay in? How would you spend your time?

Write a paragraph.

5. You and your group mates are going on holidays. There are a lot of

proposals on walking holidays, camping and guided tour. Try to persuade

your group mates to choose an active and adventurous way of having a rest.

6. People have different problems being on holidays. Discuss in a group

what kind of problems you had during your holidays last year.

7. Find a tourist brochure in your own language about your own town or

region. Try to translate it for English-speaking visitors.

8. Make a survey on how people spend their summer holidays. Interview

people about the accommodation they need. This information will help

you.

Cornwall Hotels, Key to Facilities:

1. TV available in room

2. Full central heating

3. Dogs allowed by arrangement

4. Entertainment/dancing

5. Recreation facilities

6. Parking available

7. Swimming pool

8. Bar snacks available

9. Special diets catered for

PROJECT WORK

42

Fantastic Family Holidays.

Scan the add and after discussing it with your deskmate advertise

family holidays somewhere in Belarus.

Example:

The Best Holiday of your life!

The West Country’s Finest Family Run Holiday Park,

where the warmest of welcomes awaits you!

Look What’s on Offer…

� Luxury Caravans, Bungalows & Lodges

� Free Indoor Tropical Pools

� Free Daily Programme of Fun & Games for the

Children

� Free Licensed Club

� Free Gas & Electricity (Caravans only)

� Restaurant Takeaway Amusements

� Games Room Launderette 8 till late Shop

� Plus lots lots more!!

Weststar

HOLIDAYS LIMITED

0326 240 000

43

TRAVELLING

VOCABULARY

announce (v) / to announce a train / a flight

announcer (n), announcement (n)

bedding (n)

berth (n)/ a lower/upper berth

board (v) / to board a train /a bus/ a ship, a plane,

board (n) (=the side of a ship) / on board a ship, a plane / to go on board

aboard (adv), (prep) / to welcome smb aboard

book (v) / to book a ticket/ a berth / a seat / a room, syn. to reserve, ant. to cancel

booking-office (n)

cargo-ship (n)

carriage (n) (= a vehicle that moves on rails)

But: smoking car; sleeping car; dining car; restaurant car

Colloq.: sleeper; smoker; non-smoker

casualty(n) syn.: a fatal accident

charge (n) syn.: cost, payment expense, at a charge of 10 pence, to pay an

excess luggage charge

change (v) / to change for a train / to change from train to boat

check (v) syn.: to test,

security check (n)

to check in – register in a hotel / airport

to check out – pay and leave a hotel

class (n)

business class: travelling conditions are more expensive than

tourist class but not as expensive as first class

economy class: the cheapest class of seats on a plane

first class: the first and most expensive seats on a plane

44

tourist class: the cheapest standard of travelling conditions on a

plane / a ship

second class: a way of travelling, esp. on a train that is cheaper

but not as comfortable as first class

coach (n) syn. a long distance bus

compartment (n) a first class compartment / a second class compartment / a

sleeping compartment, a guard’s van,

cruise (n) syn. a sea-voyage from port to port, esp. a pleasure trip

customs (fees) (n), to go / pass / get through the customs / a customs officer

deck (n) / on deck a ship

declare (v) / declaration (n), to fill in the form

destination (n)

departure (n) / a departure lounge, ant. arrival, to depart from – to arrive at/in

due (adj) / be due to arrive/ be due at a place, due to the train’s schedule,

duty free (adj) / be duty free / be liable to duty

fare (n)

flight (n) to cancel /delay a flight / cancellation of the flight / flying weather

gangway (n); an aisle (n)

inquiry office/information bureau (n)

land (v) ant. take off. To land in London

lost property office (n)

luggage (n) Am. Baggage, hand luggage, left luggage office

news-stand (n)

passport control (n)

pilot (n); a crew (n); a stewardess / an (air)hostess (n)

porter (n), a luggage van

reception desk; receptionist (n)

refreshment room (n)

reserve (v) / reserve seats/ berths

45

reservation (n) / hold the reservation / get reservation

speed (n), at a high/low speed, at speed of 200 km per h

sickness (n), to suffer from airsickness, motion sickness

taxi (v) to taxi to the end of the runway, esp. about planes

ticket (n) a single / return ticket / to book a ticket

time-table

train /a through train / a direct train/ an overnight train / the 10 o’clock train / an

express train / a passenger train / a mail train / a long-distance train / mixed train

/ freight(goods) train / the first train / an electric train / a local train / a diesel

train;

the train’s schedule / to miss a train / to catch a train / to go by train / to change

the train / the train’s schedule / to make scheduled stops

The London train, a train to London

travel (v) on business – for pleasure, a traveller, ant. a home-lover / a stay-at-

home / a home-stay type

railway station

terminus (n), termini

(un)fasten (v) to (un)fasten one’s seat-belts

waiting room (n)

weigh (v) luggage

Here is some useful language for you:

Which way are we to go? How does one get on to platform 4?

Which train am I to take?

On which track does the train for N. leave?

Which platform does the train leave off?

Yours is the next compartment but one.

Have you ever been up in an aeroplane? This plane is for service on long-

distance lines.

This is the runway along which the plane will take off.

46

How do you get on board the plane?

We are gathering speed and lifting smoothly into the air.

How do you take to flying? – Flying makes me feel good (bad, (rather) ill).

It was a very bad / good / pleasant flight. We had an extraordinary pleasant trip.

I am getting airsick.

How fast are we flying now? What speed are we flying at?

How high are we? What altitude are we flying at?

We shall make a non-stop flight (without refueling)

The plane is rocking a bit.

Wasn’t it an air pocket that we hit just now?

I can’t hear for the roar of the engines. What a deafening noise!

The visibility is poor / good.

We are in for a blind flight.

The aeroplane seemed to be standing still while the earth moved slowly past.

Things look small there, don’t they?

EXERCISES

Exercise 1. Give the English equivalents:

Ручная кладь, полка (в вагоне), рейс, вагон, таможня, одноместный

номер, носильщик, досмотр багажа, камера хранения, заполнять бланк,

отменять, плата (за проезд), справочное бюро, билетная касса, спальные

принадлежности, бюро находок, расписание, билет в один конец, заказать

номер в гостинице, декларация, прибытие, объявление, вагон-ресторан,

успеть на поезд, делать пересадку, 8-часовой поезд, подлежать обложению

пошлиной.

Exercise 2. Read the following sentences and say where would you

expect to hear them.

a) Single to Manchester, please.

b) What time does the coach leave?

47

c) Do I have to change?

d) Is there a buffet car?

e) Do I have to pay excess baggage?

f) Where’s the ticket office?

g) How much is a return to Glasgow?

h) Which platform?

i) Can I get a sleeper to Moscow?

j) Where is the lost-property office?

k) Do I need to reserve a seat?

Exercise 3. Supply the missing prepositions where necessary.

Mr. Black is fond … traveling. Last week he went … New Orleans …

business. He traveled … the overnight train. He arrived … station … 10 o’clock.

He was to go … the 10. 45 train so he had some spare time. He went … the

waiting room to wait … his train. He was reading a newspaper when he heard

the announcement:

‘Attention, please. The train … New Orleans is leaving … platform 4’.

Mr. Black took his suitcase and went … the platform. He found his carriage and

got … the train.

The train left … time. Mr. Black had a comfortable night … the train and

reached … New Orleans … 7 o’clock.

Exercise 4. Read the passage below and supply the missing words.

Choose from the following list. One of the words will be used more than

once.

buffet car left-luggage through train

carriage office ticket collector

catch luggage rack ticket office

change no smoking tickets

compartments platform timetable

48

departures board railway station train

inter-city restaurant car trolley

express return window seat

David Perry went to the (1) _______ to pick up a suitcase he had left there

earlier in the day. Then he went to the (2) ___________ and asked for a second

class (3) ___________ to Hastings. Five minutes later he was checking his

London – Hastings (4) ___________ to see what time his (5) ____________left.

There was one at 12.15 from (6) _____________ 12. He checked his

watch. It was 11.55. ‘Good,’ he thought. I can (7) ___________ that one. As he

walked towards (8) ____________ 12, an old lady stopped him. She was

pushing a (9) _________ that contained two large suitcases. She asked him if

there was a train to Southampton soon. He looked up at the large (10) ________

above their heads. He soon found what he was looking for.

‘Yes, there is a train leaving in fifteen minutes from (11) ________ 6,’ he

said to her. ‘It’s an 12 ___________ ‘. The old lady thanked him, and David

hurried along. The (13) __________ were quite full by the time he reached the

(14) ________ . He got into the second (15) _____________ and, after putting

his suitcase on a (16) ____________ , managed to find a (17) ___________. It

was a (18) ___________ compartment. David was pleased, as he was allergic to

cigarette smoke. Ten minutes after the train had left the (19) __________ , the

(20) ___________ came round to check people’s (21) ____________.

‘Is this a (22) ___________ ?’ David asked.

‘No, you’ll have to (23) _____________ at Eastbourne.’

‘And can you get something to drink on the train?’

‘Sorry, sir, there is no (24) ____________ or (25) ____________ on this

service, I’m afraid.’

‘Ah, well, never mind,’ David thought to himself. ‘We’ll soon be in Hastings.’

49

Exercise 5. Complete the words or phrases below using words from

the box.

off control free card baggage

in lounge luggage reclaim locker

1) boarding 6. duty

2) baggage 7. overhead

3) excess 8. take

4. passport 9. departure

5. hand 10. check

Exercise 6. What do you call:

1) The place where you go when you arrive at the airport with your

luggage?

2) The card they give you with the seat number on it?

3) The money you have to pay if your luggage is very heavy?

4) The place where you sit and have a drink when you are waiting for

your flight to be called?

5) The bags you carry on to the plane with you?

6) The place above your head where you can put your hand luggage?

7) The part of the airport where the plane accelerates and takes off?

8) The people who look after you on the plane?

9) The part of the airport you walk through when you arrive or depart?

10) The place where you collect your luggage after you land?

Exercise 7. Complete this part of a letter about an unpleasant flight.

Dear Tom,

I’ve just arrived in Rome but I’m still recovering from a really terrible

flight. We (1) ________ two hours late because of bad weather, and then over

the channel we hit more bad weather. The (2) _________ announced that we

had to (3) ________ our seat belts, which was a bit worrying, and for half an

hour we (4)___________ through a terrible storm. It was still raining, and very

50

windy when we (5) ___________ in Rome and I was really glad to (6)

___________ the plane and get into the airport building.

Fortunately things have improved since then but I really hope the return

(7) ________ is a lot better.

Exercise 8. Choose the correct answer.

1) Swimming across that river was a ……… thing for him to do.

a) dangerous b) rough c) stormy d) violent

2) I’m always seasick when the sea is ……. .

a) calm b) rough c) unsteady d) wild

3) The ‘Anna Maria’ …… from Gdansk at 11.00 tomorrow.

a) embarks b) leaves c) sails d) steams

4) The passengers amused themselves playing games on the upper ……

of the ship.

a) deck b) dock c) floor d) platform

5) We saw ships from all over the world in the ………

a) beach b) harbour c) pier d) shelter

6) I don’t want to go into the sea. I’d rather lie on the …… .

a) bank b) beach c) coast d) seaside

7) You must keep ……….. in the boat otherwise it will overturn.

a) balanced b) stiff c) still d) straight

8) The boat turned over and sank to the …… .

a) base b) basis c) bottom d) ground

9) The ship’s captain and members of the ……. welcomed us on boat.

a) cast b) crew c) staff d) team

FOCUS ON GRAMMAR

Exercise 1. Choose the appropriate alternative.

1) ………. you registered your ticket yet?

а) did b) has c) have

51

2) The plane from Rome …………… half an hour ago.

a) has landed b) was landing c) landed

3) The ……. Minsk-Moscow lasts about two hours.

a) fly b) flight c) flying

4) You don’t have to ….… your luggage, do you?

a) weigh b) weight c) weighed

5) You may ask for your lost umbrella in the …… .

a) left-luggage office b) cloak room c) inquiry office

6) The bus reached the terminal and all passengers ………. the bus.

a) got off b) got from c) got in

7) We arrived …….. Heathrow airport late at night.

a) in b) at c) to

8) I looked …….. the compartment window and saw my friend on the

platform.

a) at b) through c) across

9) The plane must arrive ………. least in a quarter of an hour.

a) at b) in c) on

Exercise 2. Translate the following into English.

1. В какие порты будет заходить ‘Победа’? Зайдет ли она в Дувр? 2.

Я не очень люблю морские путешествия. Я плохо переношу море и всегда

страдаю морской болезнью. 3. Сегодня вечером наш пароход зайдет в

Неаполь. Там мы пересядем в поезд и завтра будем в Риме. 4. Он не мог

позволить себе ехать на поезде. Плата за проезд была слишком высока.

Домой он добирался пешком и на попутных машинах. 5. В прошлом году

группа наших студентов совершила интересную поездку по Англии. 6.

Море было бурное, и несколько дней пассажиры не выходили из кают.

Некоторые из них накануне хвастали, что не знают, что такое морская

болезнь. Но и они не показывались на палубе. 7. Свое первое путешествие

он совершил на борту старого грузового судна, направлявшегося в Европу.

52

8. В поезде был всего лишь один спальный вагон, в котором не было ни

одного свободного места. Вагона-ресторана не было совсем. Начало

поездки нельзя было считать удачным. 9. У вас есть билет на поезд

прямого сообщения? Терпеть не могу пересадок, особенно, если много

багажа.


Exercise 1. Choose the appropriate response.

1) May I help you? a) Yes, you may.

b) Yes, you can.

c) Yes, please, thank you.

2) May I see your passport and tickets?

a) Here you are.

b) There it is.

c) Take it, please.

3) This plane takes off from Heathrow.

a) What time can I be there?

b) What time may I be there?

c) What time do I have to be there?

4) Here is your return ticket.

a) Very well, thank you.

b) Very good, thank you.

c) All right, thank you.

5) Here is your passport and declaration.

a) Is everything true?

b) Is everything in order?

c) Is everything correct?

6) Your train leaves from platform 3.

a) What time does it reach London?

53

b) What time does it come to London?

c) What time does it go to London?

7) You can take the 10.30 train to Manchester.

a) Is there a change?

b) Do I have to change?

c) Is it necessary to change?

8) Will you fill in this form, please?

a) Where may I sign?

b) Where do I sign?

c) Where is my sign?

Exercise 2. Read the following standard English announcements.

Make short stories to illustrate the situations when they are announced.

1. There is a platform alteration. The train for Liverpool due to leave

from platform 5 at 11.30 will now leave from platform 3. We

apologize for any inconvenience this may cause. Thank you.

2. Passengers are reminded that any luggage left unattended will be

removed. This is due to a threat of terrorism.

3. British Airways announce the departure of flight No BA 609 to Bonn.

Would passengers please proceed to gate 6. Thank you.

4. Passengers are asked to fasten their safety belts and prepare for take

off.

5. British Airways regret to announce a 2-hour delay of flight No 905

from Amsterdam. This is due to bad weather conditions.

6. The train now standing at platform 7 is the 19.45 to London Euston.

British rail regret to announce that there will be no buffet car available

on this train.

Exercise 3. Read the following dialogues and act them out. 1

– What flight to Boston have you got?

54

– There are two flights a week on Tuesday and on Friday.

– What time?

– At 11.30 every Tuesday and at 8.30 every Friday.

– How much is the tourist class ticket to Boston?

– A single ticket is 50 $ and a return ticket is 110 $.

– I want one single tourist class ticket for Tuesday.

2

– Excuse me, where is the ticket office?

– Round the corner.

– Thank you. I want a round trip ticket to Boston.

– What class?

– First.

– Here it is.

– Porter, will you see to my luggage, please?

– Where for, sir?

– I’m going to Boston by the 11 o’clock train. First class. I’d like a

corner seat in a non-smoker.

– O.K. Here we are.

– What time do we get to Boston?

– The train is due to arrive in Boston at 13.30.

– Thank you for the information.

– Have a comfortable journey.

3

– Hello. Do you speak English?

– Of course. Can I help you?

– Yes. I am looking for a double room for the next three nights. Have

you got any available?

– Just a moment. I’ll see.

– And that’s with a bathroom, is it?

55

– All our rooms have private bathrooms, madam.

– And how much is it per night?

– 230 francs per night, madam.

– O.K. The charge is quite acceptable.

– Then fill in the form, please.

4

– Hello. What can I do for you?

– I want to travel to Rome for the summer holidays, and I just want an

idea of prices and things.

– Just a minute. What exactly do you want to know?

– Well, first of al, how much does the flight cost?

– Our cheapest flight is with Alitalia, stopping over in Paris. That’s 506

pounds.

– Return?

– Yes, that’s return. It’s a good price, isn’t it?

– Very good. What about the other airlines?

– With the other airlines, it depends on the time of the year. When do

you want to travel?

– I want to fly at the end of June and come back about the middle of

September.

– That’s quite an expensive time of year, but if you wait a moment, I’ll

give you some other prices, just to give you an idea.

– Thanks.

5

– Good morning, sir. May I help you?

– I’d like to check out now. My name is Mr. Green and I was in room

420.

– Just a moment, please, sir. Did you make any phone calls from your

room?

56

– Yes.

– How many did you make?

– I don’t know exactly.

– Just a moment. I’ll have to check with the operator.

6

Check-in clerk: Your ticket, please, sir.

Jeff: There you go.

Ch.: Flight UA755 to Denver, then you are going on to

Aspen, on flight RM 022.

J.: That’s right.

Ch.: Do you have any baggage to check, Mr. Cramer?

J.: Yes, I do. Just one piece.

Ch.: And did you pack it yourself, Mr. Cramer?

J.: Yes, I did.

Ch.: Are any of the articles on this list in your bag?

J.: Um…No.

Ch.: Do you have seating preferences, Mr. Cramer?

J.: An aisle seat, if possible.

Ch.: Yes, I have a seat next to the emergency exit. So that’s

Flight UA755 to Denver, departing at 5.30 p.m.,

boarding at Gate Number 2 in 20 minutes. Here is your

boarding pass.

J.: Thank you.

Ch.: You are welcome. Have a good flight.

Exercise 4. Translate the Russian replies into English. Act out the

dialogues.

1

– What can I do for you?

– Мне нужен билет до Варшавы.

57

– A single or return ticket, sir?

– Один билет туда и обратно.

– Here it is. Your train starts at 7 p.m.

– Спасибо. А с какой платформы он отправляется?

– Platform 4. Hurry up, please. 15 minutes are left.

2

– Good morning.

– Здравствуйте. У меня билет на рейс ВЕА 987.

– May I see your ticket, please?

– Вот, пожалуйста.

– Is this your luggage?

– Да, у меня два чемодана.

– Your luggage is underweight. Here is your ticket and this is your

luggage label, which you show at your destination when you get your

luggage.

– Спасибо. Где ожидают посадку?

– Will you go upstairs to gate 3 and wait for the announcement of your

flight?

– Thank you.

Exercise 5. Make up dialogues.

Suggested situations:

1) Two friends are discussing different ways of spending their holidays.

They both want to travel, but one of them is an enthusiast ready for anything and

the other is a cautious and a skeptical person. (Use the following: there is

nothing like travel by air /by sea etc.; it is more convenient to ...; speed, comfort

and pleasure combined; there is no travel so fine as by…; the rise and fall of the

waves; coming into the harbour; that’s all right for those that like it; when the

sea is rough; hitch-hiking; it’s risky, isn’t it?; I prefer to be on the safe side; I’d

rather stay at home.)

58

2) A person who has just returned from a foreign cruise is answering the

questions of an eager listener. (Use the following: a most exciting experience; I

really envy you; do tell me about it; where did you sail from?; what were your

ports of call?; go ashore; go sightseeing; what was the place that impressed you

most; I didn’t think much of …; the journey was tiring; but you did enjoy it,

didn’t you?)

Exercise 6. Role playing.

RESERVING AN AIRLINE TICKET

Traveller’s roles.

1.You want to buy an air ticket from Rio de Janeiro to Dusseldorf on

September 6th on the flight leaving Rio at 18.30. You want a single tourist class

ticket. Ask if you have to change planes, and write down the flight number and

time of arrival.

2. You want to buy an economy class return ticket from Bombay to Kuala

Lumpur. You want to leave on the 8.15 flight from Bombay next Wednesday.

Find out if there is a morning flight back from Kuala Lumpur on Sundays. Write

down the flight number and time of the return flight.

3. You want to buy a single ticket and book a single-berth sleeping

compartment on the night train from Brussels to Salzburg. You are going on

August 14th. Check the time of the train that you think leaves at about 8 o’clock

in the evening. Find out the cost and then buy either a first-class or second-class

ticket and book your accommodation.

4. You want to buy a bus ticket from New York to Philadelphia. If the

round trip fair is double the single fair, just buy a single ticket.

5. You want to buy a ticket for the ferry from Travemunde to Helsinki.

Find out the time of the ferry and book a cabin. You also want to take your car

on the ferry.

Information for the Travel Agents

59

LH 509

LH 902

Tourist class single fair=$1030

Rio de Janeiro

18.30

Frankfurt

12.55

Frankfurt

11.25

Dusseldorf

13.40

Al 402 Weds and

Al 408 Sat

Al 407 Weds and

Al 425 Sat

Economy class return fair=$704

Bombay

08.15

Kuala Lumpur

20.20

Kuala Lumpur

16.15

Bombay

00.55

Brussels – Salzburg

Single fare

Single berth sleeping

compartment

Brussels

20.19

1st class

$52.60

$49.40

Salzburg

07.05

2nd class

$33.80

$17.20

New York – Philadelphia Single

$8.20

Round trip

$15.60

Travemunde – Helsinki

Single journey with large cabin

$187

Single journey with smaller cabin

$122.50

Car $39

Travemunde

18.00

Helsinki

17.00

Exercise 7. Role-playing.

CUSTOMS

Travellers’ roles

1. You are checking in for flight QF 4, the 21.00 from San Francisco to

Honolulu. Have your passport and tickets ready. You have a suitcase

60

and a bag, and you would like to keep the bag with you on the plane.

You are worried that your suitcase will be over the allowance because

it is rather heavy. You want to smoke on the plane.

2. You are checking in for flight SK 621, the 07.45 from Oslo to Tel-

Aviv. Have your passport and ticket ready. Your baggage is one

suitcase. You are a non-smoker and would like a seat by the window.

You are hoping the flight will be on time; ask when it is going to be

announced.

3. You are arriving in Chicago on a flight from London and have to go

through Customs. You have 300 cigarettes and 1 litre of whisky as a

gift for a business friend in Chicago. The whisky cost 4.50 pounds at a

Heathrow duty-free shop. You are not sure if you will have to pay

duty, so declare everything to the customs officer. This is only your

second visit to the USA; the last was 12 months ago.

4. You are arriving in the UK from your own country and have to go

through Customs. You have 2 litres of Bacardi rum that you bought

duty-free. You don’t know if this is within the allowance, so you go

through the Red Channel. Have money ready in case you have to pay

duty.

5. You are visiting Canada and have to go through Passport Control.

Show your passport and be ready to answer questions about the

purpose and length of your visit, any previous visits to Canada etc.

You can invent the details.

Information for the Chek-in Clerks / Customs Officers / Passport

Officers

1) You are checking in passengers for flight QF 4, the 21.00 from San-

Francisco to Honolulu. Ask for the passenger’s ticket and passport, ask

him/her where he/she would like to sit and give him/her a boarding

card. The baggage allowance is two pieces. Do not let the passenger

61

take his/her bag on board the plane because it is too big to go under the

seat. Tell the passenger that the flight has already been announced and

is boarding at Gate 5. It will leave on time.

2) You are checking in passengers for flight SK 621, the 17.45 from Oslo

to Tel-Aviv. Ask for the passenger’s ticket and passport, ask him/her

where he/she would like to sit and give him/her a boarding card. There

are no window seats left in the no-smoking area, but there are some in

the smoking area. The baggage allowance is 20 kilos, and the

passenger’s suitcase weighs 12 kilos. The flight is going to be at least

an hour late, and you don’t know when it will be announced.

3) You are a customs officer in Chicago. Find out where the traveller has

come from and what goods he/she has. The allowances are:

US quart (0.946 litre) alcoholic drinks

300 cigarettes or 50 cigars

plus gifts up to $100 in value and which can include 1 US gallon

(3.785 litres ) of drink.

If the traveller claims the gift allowance, make sure that the item is

really a gift. Check when the traveller last used the gift allowance,

because she/he cannot do it more than once in six months.

4) You are a British customs officer. This traveller has come through the

Red Channel. Find out what goods he/she has and if he/she has to pay

duty. The duty on spirits is 5 pounds for each litre over the allowance.

5) You are a Canadian passport officer checking the passports of people

coming into the country. Find out where the traveller has just come

from, the purpose of his/ her visit and how long he/she intends to stay.

Ask for details of any previous visits to Canada. You can ask any other

questions you can think of.

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READING ACTIVITY

Exercise 1. Read the text and be ready to answer the questions after it.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF TRAVELLING

Mary: I’m extremely fond of travelling and feel envious of any friend

who is going anywhere. I can’t help feeling I should so much like to be in her

place.

Nick: But what method of travelling do you prefer?

M.: For me there is nothing like travelling by air: it is more comfortable,

more convenient and far quicker than any other method. There is none of the

dust and dirt of the railway or car journey; none of the trouble of changing from

train to train. But it is not only on account of the convenience, comfort and

speed that I like air travel. The whole experience is a spiritually thrilling thing

for me. I enjoy greatly the feeling of flying. As you leave the earth behind you,

you seem to belong to another world, a bigger, wider, freer world than the one

you left.

What loveliness there is on earth when you see it from above. Looking

down you gain a magnificent view of a charming landscape. On and on you fly

with the ever-changing scenes below till you safely land at the airport. No, you

will never make me believe that there is a better way of travelling than by air.

N.: I’d speak in support of the train. With a train you have speed, comfort

and pleasure combined.

What place is more interesting than a big station? There is a movement,

the excitement, the gaiety of the people going away and sorrow of those who are

seeing others off. You show your ticket to the guard and in you go into a most

wonderful carriage. All is bustle and confusion, with people filling in, bumping

into each other, and what not. At last you manage to stow away your luggage

and get out on to the platform for fresh air and bid farewell to the well-wishers

who have come to see you off.

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You are on your way. You start up a conversation with your fellow-

passengers and soon you get to know who is who and what. You can use the

time in different ways. You can just sit and read, or watch the world go by. You

can work, or you can have a meal or a snack in the buffet car.

Carol: I think I should like to say a word or two for ships. Do you know a

more exciting place than a big sea-port? There is no travel so fine as by boat. I

love to feel the deck of the boat under my feet, to see the rise and fall of the

waves, to feel the fresh sea wind blowing in my face and hear the cry of the sea

gulls. And what excitement, too, there is in coming into the harbour and seeing

round us all the ships, cargo-ships, sailing ships, and rowing boats.

M.: Well, I suppose that’s all right for those that like it, but not for me.

I’m always seasick, especially when the sea is a little bit rough.

N.: I’ve heard that a good cure for seasickness is a small peace of dry

bread.

M.: Maybe, but I think that a better cure is a large piece of dry land.

Steve: Well, you may say what you like about airplane flights, sea

voyages, railway journeys and tours by car but give me a walking tour any time.

The walker goes along little winding lanes where cars can’t go. He takes

mountain paths; he wanders by the side of quiet lakes and through the shade of

woods. He sees the real country, the wild flowers, the young birds in their nests,

the deer in the forest; he feels the quietness and calm of nature.

And besides, you are saving your railway fare travelling on foot. No one

can deny that walking is the cheapest method of tavelling.

So I save a walking tour for me.

Answer the questions:

1. What means of travel do you know? 2. Why are many people fond of

travelling? 3. Why do some people like travelling by train? 4. Do you like

travelling by train? Why? Why not? 5. What are the advantages of a sea voyage?

6. What are the advantages of travelling by air? 7. Have you ever travelled by

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air? 8. How do you like it? 9. What do you think about walking tours? 10. What

is, in your opinion, the most enjoyable means of travel?

Exercise 2. A Read the text. Pay attention to the words in bold.

AIR TRAVEL

Departures.

This is the usual sequence of activities when you get to the airport.

First you go to the check-in desk where they weigh your luggage.

Usually you are permitted 20 kilos, but if your bags weigh more, you may have

to pay excess baggage (= you pay extra). The airline representative checks your

ticket and gives you a boarding card for the plain with your seat number on it.

Then you go to the passport control where an official checks (not controls)

your passport, and into the departure lounge. Here you can also buy things in

the duty-free, e.g. perfume, alcohol and cigarettes. About half an hour or forty

minutes before take-off, you are told to go to a gate number, e.g. 14, where you

wait before you get on the plane. When you board (=get on) the plane you find

your seat. If you have hand luggage, you can put it under your seat or in the

overload locker above your seat.

The plane then taxis (=moves slowly) towards the runway, and when it

has permission to take off, it accelerates along the runway and takes off.

Note: the verb to taxi is generally only used in this context.

The flight

You may want or need to understand certain announcements; these come

from the captain (= the pilot) or from an air steward or stewardess/cabin crew/

flight attendants. (= people who look after the passengers)

Please fasten your seat belt in the upright position. We are now cruising

(=flying comfortably) at an altitude of 10,000 metres. May we remind

passengers (=ask passengers to remember)that there is no smoking until you are

inside the terminal building. The cabin crew (=air stewards) are now coming

65

round with landing cards. (These are cards you sometimes have to fill in when

you enter certain countries.)

Arrival

When the plane lands you have to wait for it to stop / come to a halt.

When the doors are open, you get off the plane and walk through the terminal

building and go to the baggage reclaim where you collect your luggage. You

then pass through customs (green=nothing to declare; red=goods to declare;

blue= European Union citizens). If you are lucky, you can then get a bus, a taxi

or a train to the center of town without waiting too long. You can also hire (=

rent) a car at most airports.

B. Put 10 questions to the text.

C. Think about the whole experience of flying and answer these

questions. Discuss your answers with someone else.

1) What is the most interesting part and what is the most boring part?

2) Where do you often have delays and why?

3) What do you usually do during most flights?

4) Do you always eat the food they give you?

5) Is there one thing at least which would improve flying and make it

more interesting?

6) Is there any part that frightens or worries you?

Exercise 3. Read the text and retell it in the reported speech.

A VOYAGE ROUND EUROPE

L.: Hello, Anne. Are you back from your holidays already? Ooo, you’re

lovely and brown! Where have you been?

A.: Oh! I’ve had a fantastic time! I’ve just been on a cruise round Europe

with my Dad.

L.: Oh! You are lucky! You must have seen so many interesting places.

Where did you sail from?

A.: Well, we left from Odessa…

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L.: Did you call at any European ports?

A.: Yes. Quite a lot. We went ashore at each one and went on some really

interesting trips sightseeing.

L.: Did you go by train or did you hire a car?

A.: No, we went by coach. Now I can say I’ve seen Rome, London, Paris and

Athens.

L.: Ooo, I’m so envious. Were you ever seasick?

A.: Only a little. I was fine until two days after Gibraltar. The sea suddenly

became very rough, and I had to stay in my cabin.

L.: What a pity. But was your father all right?

A.: Yes, he was fine all the time. He’s never seasick.

L.: Did you go ashore when you reached Spain?

A.: No, we only saw the coast-line from the deck. It didn’t really look very

inviting, a bit bare and monotonous, in fact.

L.: And did you go for a swim in the Mediterranean?

A.: Yes, and in the Atlantic Ocean, too. There are some beautiful beaches on

the west coast of France. It is so nice to have a swim there.

L.: Well, I’m glad you’ve had such a lovely time!

Exercise 4. Read the text and be ready to retell it.

AT THE STATION

F.: Well, here we are at last! When I get into the boat-train, I feel that

holidays have already begun. Have you got the tickets, Jan?

J.: Yes, here they are. I booked seats for you and me; trains are usually

crowded at this time. We have numbers A 26 and A 30; two corner seats

in a non-smoker, one seat facing the engine, one back to the engine. Is

that all right?

F.: That’s very good, Jan. I don’t like going on a long journey in a smoker.

May I sit facing the engine?

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J.: Of course! You may take whichever seat you like. As a matter of fact, I

really prefer sitting with my back to the engine. Here is our carriage. A,

and here is our compartment. You can get into the train now.

F.: Lucy, won’t you come into the carriage with me? You will be warmer

inside.

L.: Thanks, I will.

J.: I’ll go and see that our luggage has been put into the guard’s van, and I’ll

book two seats in the restaurant car for lunch. I’ll get some newspapers at

the bookstall and some chocolate on my way back. (He goes away)

L.: Jan is a good fellow for getting things done, isn’t he?

F.: He is. I don’t know anyone better. I’m very glad he is coming with me. I

know that I shall have a very comfortable journey. Jan will see to

everything – find the seats on the train, see that my luggage is all right,

and get it through the customs. I shan’t have to do anything at all except

sit back and enjoy the journey.

Exercise 5. Speak about the advantages and disadvantages of each

type of travel. Use the following text as example.

TRAVELLING BY TRAIN

Travelling by train has many advantages.

There are no stressful traffic jams, and trains First of all,

are fast and comfortable. You can use the time Also,

in different ways. You can just sit and read, or for example,

watch the world go by. You can work, or you

can have a meal or a snack in the buffet car.

Travelling by train also has some disadvantages For one thing,

It is expensive and the trains are sometimes What is more,

crowded and delayed. You have to travel at for example,

certain times and trains cannot take you from

door to door. You need a bus or a taxi to take

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you to the railway station.

I prefer traveling by train to traveling by car. Despite the

I feel more relaxed when I reach my destination. disadvantages,

because

WRITING ACTIVITY

Formal And Informal Letters

Exercise 1. Here are two jumbled letters. One is written to a hotel,

and the other to a friend. Work in pairs. Decide which sentences go with

each letter, and put them in the right order.

1) I would like a single room with a shower.

2) I’m writing to ask you a favour.

3) I don’t mind where you put me. I’ll sleep anywhere!

4) I have a further request.

5) I would like to make a reservation for the nights of 22nd, 23rd, and 24th

January.

6) I hope the above is convenient.

7) Write soon and let me know.

8) I’m coming down to London at the end of the month to go to a

conference.

9) Could I have a bite to eat when I arrive?

10) I hope you are all well, and that you’ve recovered from the busy

Christmas period.

11) I would be extremely grateful.

12) Could I possibly have a room at the back, as I find the front rooms

rather noisy.

13) Could you put me up for a few days?

14) Just a sandwich will do.

15) I look forward to your reply.

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16) It’s the 22nd – 24th January.

17) As I will be arriving quite late, could you possibly put a cold buffet

in my room on the 22nd?

18) I hope that’s all right.

19) There’s something else I’d like to ask you.

ADDITIONAL READING

TEXT 1. THE ART OF TRAVELLING ABROAD

Though recent years have witnessed a great improvement, it must be said

that many people are still ignorant of the art of travelling abroad. One should

bear in mind that one cannot expect the manners of the people among whom

one is staying to be changed for one’s benefit, and that is not the nationality that

makes the gentleman, but his actions.

Wherever you decide to go, it’s sensible, unless you are an experienced

traveler, to consult some friend who has been there before as to the kind of

climate you may expect, the kind and quantity of clothes you will need and to

get any advice he may be able to give you in general which may add to the ease

and comfort of your trip. Your friend will not be at all bored by the questions

as there are few topics more welcome to anyone who ‘has been there before!’

When traveling abroad it is horrible continually to be instituting

comparisons. It is impolite to those with whom you may be temporary thrown;

and it detracts from your own comfort and pleasure. You may dislike this, that

or the other thing, but all the grumbling in the world is not likely to alter it. You

must either respect this or stay in your own country. What is more, by grumbling

you display your ignorance of the habits and customs of foreign countries. The

true traveler, if dining on salt fish in Iceland, would never tell the Icelanders that

roast beef is better, whatever he might think.

And this attitude should apply to everything. The women may not dress so

tastefully, according to your notions, as your sisters or daughters at home. The

70

men may be too noisy or too quiet. The houses may be extremely inconvenient,

or clumsily built. No matter wherein lies the difference, institute no

comparisons. Remember you are in a strange country, where you must expect to

see strange things. Be especially careful not to say or do anything that will touch

the pride of the people, or show disrespect of their religion.


1) What should people bear in mind while travelling abroad?

2) It is sensible to consult your friends who have been abroad before

travelling to this or that country, isn’t it?

3) Is it polite to grumble and complain about different matters when you

are in a foreign country? Give some reasons.

4) Can you remember being amazed by something when you were

traveling to foreign countries?

5) What seems strange to foreigners about your country?

TEXT 2. THE LAST TRIP I HAVE MADE

It is my firm belief that every person in our country must at least once in

his life go to the Crimea and see the Black Sea. Perhaps it is best that you should

do it in your childhood. As for me I was already a first year student but I had not

ever been to the sea. And I was self-conscious about it. It was last year that I had

an opportunity of making a trip to the Crimea which had been my dream for a

long.

I had not only dreamed about it but I had been saving money for the trip.

Certainly, I did not travel to the South alone. My friend Lucy Voronova was my

companion. We reserved the tickets in advance. We booked two berths in a

compartment carriage in a through train.

I did not want to have heavy luggage to carry, so I packed into my bag

only the most important things. Yet they were quite a lot. I had to take two

swimsuits, towels, an umbrella, shorts, a couple of blouses. Let alone such

things as a camera, goggles, a pair of fashionable shoes and the like. And then,

71

do you think I could do at the resort without a decent costume to put on for an

evening walk over the boulevard?

We had a very good time in the train. Our traveling companion was a

young officer. A witty man, he made jokes and told us many interesting things.

He was such a charming man that later Lucy said that she had nearly fallen in

love with him. At parting we exchanged our addresses and promised to write to

one other.

Now Lucy and I arrived in Simferopol. It is the gateway to the Crimea, a

pretty southern town which is linked with many distinguished names, such as

Mendeleyev, Pirogov, Aivazovsky, Kurchatov who lived and studied here.

Simferopol is connected by a trolleybus line with Yalta. This route runs

through Alushta which was our destination. You see, Lucy managed to get two

places in a tourist camp which is located near Alushta. About an hour’s trolley

ride over the most picturesque mountain scenery and – here we are! Alushta, the

second largest town on the Crimea’s southern coast after Yalta. The moment I

saw the sea for the first time in my life was unforgettable. Indeed, the landscape

was beautiful: pleasant beaches stretching along the coast as far as the eye could

reach. We did not spend all the time basking in the sun on the beach or bathing.

We quite often went on all kinds of excursions.

Most wonderful was the trip to Bakhchisarai with its exotic ‘Fountain of

Tears’. From Yalta we went by boat to the eastern Crimea where we visited

Sudak and climbed to the Genoese Fortress. We certainly went to Koktebel to

look over the Voloshin house-museum. Next came the aincient Feodosia with its

famous sights: the Aivazovsky picture gallery and the Grin house-museum.

Then was Yalta with the Chekhov museum and the Nikitsky Botanical Gardens.

We traveled up the road to Mount Ai-Petri and visited the famous Livadia

Palace. We were impressed by the remarkable Alupka Palace and the Swallow’s

Nest near Miskhor.

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I’m unable to tell you everything! The impressions are too many. The

sights were so exciting that I was just overwhelmed! Really, you can’t consider

yourself a worldly-wise person if you haven’t been to the Crimea. Do not miss

the chance.


1) What did the girl do to fulfill her dream trip to the seaside?

2) Did she go alone?

3) They booked tickets for a through train, didn’t they?

4) What things did they take with them?

5) How did they spend their time on the train?

6) What did they find out about Simferopol? Bakhchisarai? Other towns

in the Crimea?

TEXT 3. MARKET INTELLIGENCE

You may find it surprising but travel and tourism is not just about going

on holiday. There are other forms of tourism that create profits for the travel

industry. Business travel, for example, is an increasingly important sector since

it is often of high value and earns significant income for tour operators,

hoteliers, caterers and transport operators. Many city-based travel agencies have

a separate department that caters for the needs of business clients.

Visiting friends and relatives is also an important contributor to tourism

revenue. Although the visitor enjoys free accommodation he or she is likely to

spend money on other goods and services in the locality such as food,

entertainment and transport and, in so doing, contribute to the local economy.

Indeed, the fact that he or she is not paying for accommodation may well be a

reason to spend more on such things as eating out and entertainment.

Official statistics show that 23 million people visited the UK in 2003.


1) Why is business travel considered to be a very important sector for

tour operators?

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2) Are there any other forms of tourism?

3) How can such form of travel as visiting friends contribute to the local

economy?

4) Do you know the official statistics that show how many people visited

your country this or that year?

TEXT 4. THE ONLY WAY TO TRAVEL IS ON FOOT

The past ages of man have all been labeled by anthropologists.

Descriptions like ‘Paleolithic Man’, ‘Neolithic Man’, etc., nearly sum up whole

periods. When the time comes for anthropologists to turn their attention to the

20th century, they will surely choose the label ‘Legless Man’. Histories of the

time will go something like this: ‘In the 20th century people forgot how to use

their legs. Men and women moved about in cars, busses and trains from a very

early age. There were lifts and escalators in all large buildings to prevent people

from walking. But the surprising thing is that they didn’t use their legs even

when they went on holiday. They built cable railways, ski-lifts and roads to the

top of every huge mountain. All the beauty spots on earth were marred by the

presence of large car parks.’

The future history books might also record that we were deprived of the

use of our eyes. In our hurry to get from one place to another, we failed to see

anything on the way. Air travel gives a bird’s-eye view of the world. When you

travel by car or train a blurred image of the countryside constantly smears the

windows. Car drivers, in particular, are forever obsessed with the urge to go on

and on: they never want to stop. And as for sea travel, it hardly deserves

mention. It is perfectly summed up in the words of the old song: ‘I joined the

navy to see the world, and what did I see? I saw the sea.’ The typical modern

traveller is the man who always says ‘I’ve been there,’ meaning ‘I drove through

it at 100 miles an hour on the way to somewhere else.’

When you travel at high speeds the present means nothing: you live

mainly in the future because you spend most of the time looking forward to

74

arriving at some other place. The traveller on foot, on the other hand, lives

constantly in the present. For him travelling and arriving are one and the same

thing: he arrives somewhere with every step he makes. He experiences the

present moment with his eyes, his ears and the whole of his body. At the end of

his journey he feels a delicious physical weariness. He knows that sound,

satisfying sleep will be his: the just reward of all true travellers.


1) How are past ages labeled by anthropologists?

2) How might a history of this time sound?

3) What prevents people from walking?

4) Do the people use their legs when travelling?

5) What does travelling at a high speed mean?

6) What are the advantages of travelling on foot in the author’s opinion?

7) Do you agree with the author of the text?

75

FOOD, COOKING, MEALS

VOCABULARY

Meat: beef (a cow), lamb (a lamb), mutton (a sheep), pork (a pig), rabbit (a

rabbit), veal (a calf), venison (a game), wild boar; fat – lean.

Cold meat and sausages: kidneys, sausage (hard/half/semi smoked, dried,

cooked), salami, pate, liver, black pudding, cold pork, cooked (smoked) ham,

Frankfurters, cocktail sausage, chain sausage; fat, lard, bacon, pork; mince.

Poultry: duck (ling) (a duck), goose (a goose), turkey (a turkey), chicken (a hen).

Fish and seafood: perch, pike, bream, crayfish, crab, lobster, shrimp/prawn

(Am.E), squid, oyster, mussel, octopus, hake, herring, mackerel, plaice, cod, salmon,

sardine, trout, tuna, smoked herring (kipper); dried, salted, (cold, hot) smoked,

tinned/canned (Am.E), fresh, frozen – live fish; sprats, caviar.

Cereals/groats, dry groceries and spices: maize/corn (Am.E), beans, peas,

rice, buckwheat, millet, wheat, rye, barley, oatmeal, semolina, pearl barley, lentils;

flour, starch, cooking/baking soda, vanilla, cinnamon, lemon acid, vinegar, oil, egg,

(granulated) sugar, salt, pasta (spaghetti, macaroni, noodles, ravioli), French

fries/chips (Am.E), crisps, cornflakes, ketchup.

mustard, curry, cloves, mint, bay leaf, (chilli) pepper (allspice, cayenne, ground).

Dairy products: (un)bottled/loose/condensed/baked milk, kefir, yog(h)urt,

sweet (whipped) cream, sour cream, cream/cottage/blue/pot cheese, curds, cottage

cheese, mayonnaise, margarine (marge), butter.

Fruit: apple, pear, plum, grapes, sultana, peach, nectarine, apricot, orange,

tangerine, lemon, grapefruit, kiwi, mango, avocado, banana, pine-apple, cocoanut,

(water) melon, cherry, persimmon, pomegranate.

Berries: (wild) strawberry, raspberry, gooseberry, bilberry/whortleberry, blueberry,

blackberry, red bilberry, cranberry/bog berry, (white, red, black) currant, rosehip.

Nuts and dried fruit: almond, peanut, walnut, hazelnut, Brazil nut, pecan,

cashew, pistachio, dates, figs, raisins, prunes.

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Vegetables and greens: potato, cabbage, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts,

Chinese leaves/bok choy, carrot, beet(root), radish (black, horse), turnip, swede,

marrow, aubergine (egg-plant), (Jerusalem) artichoke, zucchini (courgette),

pumpkin, asparagus, (green) peas, (broad) beans, tomato, cucumber, onion

(spring/green onion)/leek/chives, garlic, sorrel, lettuce, parsley, dill, spinach,

parsnip, celery, rhubarb, nettle, mushroom, paprika/(green/sweet)

pepper/pimento/bellpepper, olives.

Baked items: brown/black – white bread, rye/wheat/wholegrained/wholemeal

bread; a roll/a bun, a cream bun, a pie, a patty, a (jam) tart, a biscuit/cookie (Am.E),

a scone, a pastry/fancy/small cake, a shortcake, a sponge cake, a cup cake, a layer

cake/ a puff, a dumpling/doughnut, éclair, a jam roll, a Swiss roll, a beef roll/meat

loaf, sweets/candies (Am.E).

Beverages/soft drinks/non-alcoholics: tea (with lemon, milk, herbal tea);

coffee (black, white, with cream); Irish coffee (made with whisky, sugar and

whipped cream); decaf; cocoa; hot chocolate; (hot) milk; juice; milk shake; mineral

water; still – fizzy/sparkling water; soda water; orangeade, lemonade; pepsi-cola

(pepsi), coca-cola (coke).

Weak alcoholic drinks: beer: a pint of, draught – bottled, pale – stout, mild;

lager, ale; bitter

Grape wine: white, red, rose; table, house, crape; dry, medium, half sweet; sweet

(white), mellow (sweet red); Madeira; Sherry; Vermouth; Cahors; Muscat; port, hot

port; cider; tonic; Champagne: semi/half sweet, dry, sparkling.

Appetitive wine: vodka, Dubonnet, Cinzano, Martini, old/vintage; labelled.

Strong (hard) drinks/cordials/alcoholics: cognac; brandy; fruit/cherry

brandy; rum; gin; whisk(e)y: neat/straight, on the rocks, double, treble; Scotch

whisky; liqueur/liquor; fruit liqueur; fruit cordial; tequila; poteen, moonshine.

Alcohol addicts: alcoholic – teetotaller, drinker, drunkard, boozer, a

hangover, to be dead/blind drunk, to be on the booze, to be addicted to alcohol,

drugs, tobacco

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Quality of food: fresh – frozen; tasty, delicious – tasteless; varied – scant,

plain; substantial – light; fattening – hearty, nourishing; fatty – lean; greasy;

refreshing; appetizing; home-made – tinned/canned, fast food, take-away.

fresh – stale (of bread), tender – tough (of meat), overdone (of meat); well-

done/done to a turn – underdone, ripe – rotten (of fruit); juicy – dry (of fruit); more-

ish (inf., you want to eat more)

Taste: sweet, sickly, sugary, sour, salty, savoury, mild, bland, bitter, spicy,

hot; good, strange, nasty, uneatable, undrinkable

Quantities:

small: a lump of butter/sugar, a pinch/grain of salt, a segment of orange, a square of

chocolate, a cube of sugar, a crumb of biscuits/cookies, a drop of

water/oil/wine/sauce, a dash/squirt/squeeze of lemon juice/oil/sauce, a dollop of jam

big: a bunch of grapes/bananas, a hunk/chunk of meat/bread/cheese, a piece of

bread, a loaf of bread

thin: a slab of cake, a rasher of bacon, a sliver of cheese, a bar of chocolate, a slice

of bread/ham/cake

Cooking terms in recipes: to cook, cooked, a cook, cooker, a cookery book;

to boil, boiled; to heat up, heated up; to fry, fried, deep fried (with much oil); to grill,

grilled; to roast, roasted, spitted; to bake, baked; to stew, stewed; to braise – braised;

to simmer, simmered; to poach, poached; to mash, mashed; to preserve, preserved,

preserves; to dry, dried; to smoke, smoked, hot-smoked; to steam, steamed; to broil,

broiled; to casserole, casseroled; to barbecue, barbecued; to blanch – blanched;

handy, to have at hand; to follow the recipe.

How to prepare food for cooking: to slice, to cut, to chop, to grate, a grater,

to grind, to peel/pare (the zest), to scrape, to core/deseed, to pour, to stir, to squeeze,

to salt, salted, to beat (up), to fill/stuff, to taste, to mix, to combine, to add, to brake,

to roll (the pastry), to knead, to flavour/season/relish with spices; to dress, to coat, to

garnish with (mayonnaise); to carve, to flake.

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Places to eat: restaurant, café, cafeteria, refectory, canteen, eatery, self-

service, snack bar, grill (room), coffee shop/house, tea room, sandwich shop, cake

shop, fast food, fish and chip shop, hot-dog stand/stall, (wine) bar, pub, pizza

place/pizzeria, pancake house, buffet, bistro; greasy spoon.

When to eat: breakfast (8 – 10 a.m.), elevenses (11 – 12 a.m.), lunch/midday

meal (12 – 14.30), luncheon, afternoon (five o’clock) tea (16 – 17 p.m.),

dinner/evening meal (18 – 23 p.m.), supper (21 – 23p.m.), supper party; refreshment

– feast, cookout, potluck, brunch.

How to eat: to bite – to cut into pieces, to chew, to lick, to sip, to suck, to crunch,

to nibble, to munch, to devour, to wolf smth down, to swallow, to gulp; a big eat.

EXERCISES

Exercise 1. Which of these fruit grow in your country/region? Are there

others not listed here? What vegetables do not grow in your country/region?

peach plum grapefruit grape nectarine raspberry

melon lime banana kiwi-fruit mango blackcurrant

Exercise 2. Some meat is given a different name from the animal it comes

from. What animals do the following meats come from?

pork beef bacon venison veal mutton ham

Exercise 3. Complete the chart below by adding the words from the list.

nectarine celery salmon lettuce plaice watermelon

mackerel trout squid courgette veal plum

coconut rosemary mutton cabbage bacon pork

mincemeat pineapple shrimp chicken onion ham

broccoli cinnamon bean olives beetroot grape

cauliflower kidneys lobster cucumber beef fig

parsley sausage peas aubergine cod asparagus

salami mango garlic octopus prawn sardine

mussel lamb liver radish strawberry

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vegetables fish herbs and spices seafood fruit meat

Exercise 4. Match each description with the name of a kind of food from

the box.

1) wheat

2) cheese

3) maize

4) grape

5) rye

6) onion

7) barley

8) oats

9) chop

10) lamb

11) rice

12) lettuce

13) plum

a) Small sweet fruit with red or yellow skin, and a

stone in the centre.

b) Most porridge is made of it. It is also used to feed

horses.

c) Piece of pork or lamb with a bone, cut from the

ribs of the animal.

d) Solid food made from milk.

e) Green or purple fruit that grows in bunches.

f) Small vegetable with a strong smell and taste.

g) It is the staple diet in the East.

h) Plant with large green leaves used in salads.

i) It provides corn-on-the-cob, a lot of corn flour,

and American whisky.

j) Meat from a young sheep.

k) It is used to make black bread, cattle feed and

some kinds of American whisky.

l) It is used a lot in brewing and soups and malt is

made from it.

m) It is used to make white bread and most pasta.

Exercise 5. Do you know what country the following foods and drinks

originally come from? Match numbers with letters and then check your

answers with your partner’s.

1) tea, 2) potatoes, 3) cucumber, 4) chocolate, 5) turkeys, 6) tomatoes, 7)

oranges, 8) coffee, 9) grapefruit, 10) pineapple.

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a) South America, b) China, c) Malaya, d) Arabia, e) South America. f)

Mexico, g) South America, h) South America, i) China, j) India.

Exercise 6. Put each word below in one of the three columns.

tomatoes cream ham cake cookies chicken milk bananas

sour stale rotten

1) _______ 3 _______ 5) _______ 7) ________

2) _______ 4) _______ 6) _______ 8) ________

Exercise 7. Use taste and flavour words to describe the following:

Indian curry a cup of tea with five spoonfuls of sugar pizza lemon

sea water an unripe apple factory-made white bread strong black coffee

with no sugar chicken honey bacon ice cream chilies

Exercise 8. How many ways of cooking food can you think of? Complete

the missing letters below.

1) Cook in fat or oil. _R_

2) Cook over a fire (usually outside) _ _ R _ E C _ _

3) Cook in very hot water B _ _ _

4) Cook (eggs and fish) in gently _ O _ C _

boiling water or other liquid

5) Cook in front of fire or in hot oven R _ _ S _

6) Cook slowly and gently in closed pan _ T _ W

7) Cook under direct heat G _ _ _ L

8) Cook in a deep covered dish _ A _ _ E _ _ L _

What is the difference between these different ways of cooking? What

parts of the cooker are used?

Exercise 9. Match each verb on the left below with the food item on the

right it is most often associated with.

to pluck cheese

to crack an orange

to grate a chicken

to knead a nut

to peel a rabbit

to skin a joint of meat

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to slice dough

to carve a loaf

to spice onions

to mince cream

to shell meat

to toss a hard-boiled egg

to whip eggs

to stuff a cake

to mash butter

to beat a pancake

to ice potatoes

to chop bacon

to melt milk

to stir a chicken

Exercise 10. Match each word in the box with its definition below.

Raw dried delicious smoked frozen canned salted bottled

1) ____ kept in air-free

metal containers

2) ____ kept below 32°F

3) ____ uncooked

4) ____ tasting good

5) ____ kept in air-free glass containers

6) ____ containing no water or liquid

7) ____ heated over a wood fire

8) ____ kept in salt

Exercise 11. Complete each sentence with a suitable verb from the box.

Add bake boil chop fry grate mix peel roast squeeze

1) John decided to ……. the beef in the oven for two hours.

2) Put all the ingredients in a bowl and ……. them together well.

3) First ……. the onions into small pieces.

4) I wanted to ……. some cakes in the morning, but I didn’t have time.

5) Taste the soup, and ……. salt and pepper if necessary.

6) ……. the potatoes, and then cut them into large pieces.

7) These vegetables taste great if you ……. them for a minute in hot oil.

8) ……. some cheese, and sprinkle the juice over the salad.

9) ……. the rice in salted water for ten minutes.

Exercise 12. Give antonyms:

sour overdone tasty fresh lean tough

Give synonyms:

to cook tasty sweet salty tender to take skin off

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Explain the difference between:

to cut; to chop; to peel; to grill; to roast; to fry; to bake; to boil

What food can be eaten: scrambled boiled fried poached?

Exercise 13. Use these words to complete the sentences. You may use each

word more than once.

knife oven spoon saucepan frying pan stove

1) You can bake food in the ____ 6) You can boil water in a _____

2) You can slice food with a ____ 7) You can chop food with a ___

3) You can fry food in a ______ 8). You can stir food with a ____

4) You can heat food on top of the __ 9) You саn peel food with a ____

5) You can mix food up with a _____

FOCUS ON GRAMMAR

Some nouns are countable. They have a singular and a plural:

a sandwich – three sandwiches, a cup – two cups. We use a, some/a

few, many/a lot of with countable nouns: two cups/some cups;

a few sandwiches, a lot of oranges.

Some nouns are uncountable. They have no plural: cheese, tea.

We use some/a little, much/a lot of with uncountable nouns: some tea,

a little sugar, a lot of wine.

These things are usually uncountable:

Kinds of drinks: milk, tea, coffee …

Kinds of food, which you eat only part of at a time: cheese, fish, butter …

Materials: paper, plastic, iron, leather …

Some other things (abstract nouns): music, money, news, information …

Do you think these things are countable or uncountable? If they are

uncountable, add them to the list above.

tomatoes bread orange juice oil

Удалено: ¶

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bacon crab sticks mayonnaise meat

Exercise 1. Complete each sentence with a or some, or leave the space

blank.

1) I’d like ……. chicken, please, a large one for roasting.

2) Could I have ……. bread, please?

3) Do we have time for ……. snack before our bus leaves?

4) Would you like to come to ……. lunch with me on Thursday?

5) There’s ……. milk jug in the cupboard near the fridge.

6) George has decoded to go on ……. diet, starting next week.

7) I’m going to have ……. cheese and tomato sandwich.

8) For breakfast I eat ……. toast and marmalade, and drink a glass of milk.

9) Do you like ……. yoghurt? Personally, I can’t stand it!

10) Tim managed to eat ……. chicken, but felt too ill to eat anything else.

Exercise 2. When writing a recipe don’t forget about the following

connectors

First, … Remember to

Then/Next, … As soon as … you should …

Make sure you … After that, …

Do not … Take care not to …

Turn the sentences in the following recipe in the right order.

Roast leg of lamb

1) When cooked remove the lamb from the oven, keep it hot and let it rest for

20 minutes

2) Meanwhile make the gravy.

3) Next put the sliced onion and thyme in a roasting tin and put the leg of lamb

on top.

4) First, heat the oven to 190 °C, 375°F, Gas Mark 5.

5) When the 5 minutes is up, strain the gravy through a sieve until it is clear and

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serve boiling hot.

6) To start with skim most of the used fat from the roasting tin, then pour in wine

and stork or water and boil for 5 minutes.

7) Then spread butter over the lamb and pour oil over this.

8) Put the prepared joint into the middle of the oven and roast for 1,5 to 2 hours.

9) And a final point, be careful not to allow the lamb or the gravy to go cold

before serving, as the fat becomes granular and hard as it cools.

Exercise 3. Try to write a recipe of how to make a cup of tea.

Remember: any recipe has instructions. We use imperatives in

instructions.

Complete the sentences with the proper verbs given below following the

example: Fill the kettle.

1) ….. the water

2) ….. the teapot

3) ….. the tea in the teapot

4) ….. the pot with boiling water

5) ….. the tea

6) ….. the tea for 5 minutes

7) ….. the tea into the cup

8) ….. milk and sugar

9) ….. your cup of tea

Key words: stir, enjoy, boil, add, leave, pour, put, warm, fill.

Exercise 4. Stanley’s favourite recipes. Fill the sentences with the

necessary words.

Are you going to have a party soon? Do you want to cook something special?

Stanley the chef recommends this recipe for VEGETABLE STEW. This is Stanley’s

favorite recipe for vegetable stew, and everybody says it’s fantastic! Fill in the

instructions with the necessary words. Remember, some words are countable, some

are uncountable.

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When is your English teacher’s birthday? Do you want to bake a special

cake? Stanley the chef recommends this recipe for FRUIT САКЕ. This is Stanley’s

favorite recipe for fruitcake, and everybody says it’s out of this world!

Exercise 5. Five simple ways to cook an egg. Read the following recipes

and complete the exercise that follows.

Boiled egg

One of the easiest things to make is a boiled egg. Put an egg into a saucepan

full of cold water. Put the saucepan on top of the stove. Turn on the heat. When the

water starts to boil look at your watch. You must boil the water three to four minutes

only. Then remove the egg immediately from the water and serve.

Egg salad

If you want your boiled egg to be hard then boil the egg in water for about

eight to ten minutes. When the egg is cold, peel off the egg shell, and cut up the egg.

Chop a little piece of onion with a sharp knife. Then mix the egg and onion with

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some mayonnaise. Now you have egg salad. Put it in some fresh bread with some

thinly sliced tomato and you have a great sandwich.

Fried egg

Melt a little butter, or oil in a frying pan. Break the egg into the pan without

breaking its yolk. Fry it quickly. It is a very popular breakfast dish in Britain and the

United States, where it is often served with toast and slices of fried bacon.

Scrambled eggs

Scrambled eggs are also popular. First beat two eggs together with a little

milk. Melt some butter in a frying pan and pour in the mixture. Stir with a wooden

spoon and cook until the egg starts to get thick. Make sure you have some buttered

toast ready to serve the eggs on.

Baked eggs

Eggs can also be baked in the oven. Heat the oven first. Break the egg and

pour it into a special oven dish. Add a small spoonful of melted butter or cream, or

grate some cheese over it, and bake it in the oven for eight to ten minutes.

Match each picture with one of the ways of cooking an egg described in

the passage.

Exercise 6. Read the recipe and complete the sentences with the proper

verbs given below. Some of the verbs are used more than once.

… and cook potatoes in salted water for 20 minutes. Then … some milk, salt

and pepper and … well. … a beaten egg to potatoes, … well. … up ham, finely …

onions. … butter in a frying pan and slightly fry the onions. … the potatoes to ham.

Cook for 10 minutes. Garnish with parsley and … with pickles.

Verbs: mash, chop, add, peel, serve, mix, cut, melt

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Exercise 7. Fill in the gaps in popular English recipes.

I. Roast Winter Vegetables

All you do (1) ____ cut the vegetables (swede, parsnips, turnips, potatoes, etc)

(2) _____ large, chunky pieces (no smaller (3) _____ 2 inches/4 cm) – leaving the

celery until last, (4) ____ it may discolour if left for too long – place in a large bowl,

then add the herbs, garlic, olive oil and lots (5) _____ seasoning and just (6) ____

your hands to mix them. The prepared vegetables can now be kept in (7) ____ sealed

plastic bag in the fridge for 2-3 days.

When you’re ready to cook (8) ____ vegetables, spread them out on the

baking tray and cook in the pre-heated oven (9) _____ a high shelf for 30-40

minutes, until they (10) _____ tender and turning brown at the edges.

II. Shepherd’s Pie

Begin by taking the frying pan or saucepan and, over a medium flаmе, gently

(1) ____ the olive oil. Now fry the onions in the hot oil (2) _____ they are tinged

brown at the edges – about 5 minutes. Add the chopped carrot and swede and cook

(3) _____ 5 minutes or so, then remove the vegetables and (4) _____ them to one

side. Now turn the heat up and brown the meat in batches, tossing (5) ____ around to

get it all nicely browned. You may find a wooden fork helpful here, as it helps to

break (6) _____ the mince. After that, give the meat a good seasoning (7) ____ salt

and pepper, then add the cooked vegetables, cinnamon, thyme and parsley. Next, stir

in the flour, (8) _____ will soak up the juice; then gradually add the stock to (9)

_____ meat mixture until it is all incorporated. Finally, stir (10) _____ the tomato

puree. Now turn the heat right down, put the lid on the pan and let it cook gently

(11) ____ about 30 minutes.

(12) ____ the meat is cooking you can make the topping. Peel the potatoes,

cut them (13) ____ even-sized pieces and place in a steamer fitted over (14) ____

large pan of boiling water, sprinkle with some salt, put a lid on and steam until

they're completely tender – about 25 minutes. While (15) ____ is happening, pre-

heat the oven (16) ____ gas mark 6, 400°F (200°C).

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When the potatoes are done, drain (17) ___ the water, return them to the

saucepan cover with a clean tea cloth to absorb (18) ______ steam and leave them

for about 5 minutes. Next, add the butter and mash (19) ______ to a puree – the best

way to do this is with (20) ______ electric hand whisk. Don’t be tempted to add any

milk here, because the mashed potato on top of the pie needs to (21) _______ firm.

Taste and add more salt and pepper (22) ______ necessary. When the meat is ready,

spoon it into the baking dish and level it out (23) ______ the back of the spoon.

After that, spread the mashed potato evenly all over. Now sprinkle the leeks

on (24) _______ of the potato, scatter the cheese (25) _______ the leeks and bake

the whole thing (26) ______ a high shelf of the oven for about 25 minutes, or (27)

______ the top is crusty and golden.

Exercise 8. Put the correct form of the verbs in the list into the sentences.

bake roast barbecue boil

casserole grill steam fry

1) It’s best to ……… an omelette in a deep pan.

2) Potatoes are delicious if you ……… them in their jackets.

3) ……… vegetables are healthier than boiled ones.

4) ……… meat tastes better if you cook it slowly in the oven.

5) Put butter on trout before you ……… it under a strong heat.

6) Tough meat is easier to cook if you ……… it in the oven with vegetables.

7) Do you think the British ……… their cabbage for far too long?

8) I love the smell of ……… lamb chops from next-door’s garden.


Exercise 1. Which food is it? Read these short descriptions of certain

kinds of food. Ignore the words you don’t understand. Then see if you can

answer the questions.

1) They ore a basic part of the diet in many countries all over the world. They

are round, grow in the ground and have a thin skin that is often peeled

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before they are cooked. They can be boiled, fried or baked.

2) They are really a fruit although many people regard them as a vegetable.

They are soft, red and round and were discovered in South America in the

sixteenth century. They are often eaten raw in salads and are also cooked,

especially when they are used in sauces for meat and other things.

3) They are a kind of flat shellfish, and can be eaten either raw or cooked.

They are now considered to be ‘food for the rich’, although they were once

so cheap in England that poor people ate them all the time.

4) This is one of the oldest vegetables in history. The ancient Greeks and

Romans used to eat them raw for breakfast, with a little bit of salt. They

are round, with a thin skin that has to be removed before they can be

cooked or eaten. They have a very strong smell and are often used to give

flavour to soups, sauces and other dishes.

5) The meat from this animal is very popular in some countries but it is

forbidden to eat it in other countries because it is considered impure.

6) These small animals live in sewers and other filthy places. They have very

sharp teeth and will eat their way through almost anything. In one part of

Belgium a special type of this animal is cooked and eaten in a stew.

According to people who have enjoyed this dish, the meat tastes something

like rabbit.

7) They are small, round and full of juice. Some of them are dark or ‘red’ and

others are light or ‘green’. They are used to make wine.

8) The seed of a plant which is grown in warm, wet places and eaten

everywhere in the world, but particularly in China, Japan and other Asian

countries.

9) This insect causes famine when it comes in great numbers and eats all the

crops. However, the ancient Egyptians used to enjoy eating it. It was

usually roasted and then eaten whole, wings and all.

10) An eight-legged sea animal with a hard shell. The flesh can be eaten after

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boiling, when it turns bright red. It is closely related to insects although

people who pay high prices for it in restaurants do not often realise this.


1) Name just one of the foods you were able to guess.

2) What were the words that helped you to guess this food?

3) Now name the other foods you were able to guess. Give the words in the

description which helped you to guess each food.

4) Perhaps you didn’t know the English names for some of the kinds of food

which were described. Does this list contain any of those names?

lobsters • oysters • oranges • apples • grapes • beef • pork • lamb • veal • chicken •

cod • salmon • mullet • broccoli • tomatoes • potatoes • carrots • onions • leeks •

peas • beans • lettuce • ants • locusts • rats • mice

5) Which foods in this list were not described?

6) Are there any things named in the list that you do not consider food? Why

not?

Exercise 2. The Food Game. Hidden in the sentences below are names of

food items. You cannot find them by looking at the sentences, for they are not

there by spelling; they are there by pronunciation. The food may be within a

single word or may go across word boundaries.

Example: He begs to be excused from the rehearsal, (eggs)

1) ‘Sue, please go away,’ he said.

2) She had a cough even today.

3) Don’t tell me mama laid the table so early.

4) He chased Robert off even after he paid his debt.

5) Happy’s room is so messy. I can’t find a thing.

6) Keep that old sabre. Eddie will take it to the museum.

7) ‘Why don’t you spy still?’ she wanted to know.

8) ‘Be an angel, leave it finished, will you,’ he said.

9) ‘That bangle is of 24 carat gold,’ he said.

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10) ‘But Ernest is not coming on this trip,’ she said.

11) Don’t bake condensed milk sweets.

12) ‘Tap Elmo on the shoulder and wake him up,’ she said.

13) Please meet me tomorrow.

14) Kay came to meet me on Wednesday.

15) The donkey brays inside the shed.

16) He walked on the sand, which was so hot he burned his feet.

17) Ritchie’s so good, he helps me daily.

18) Don’t buy that saw. Say Jess will get a new one.

19) He’s been staying here for six months now.

20) I hope he’ll be true to you.

Exercise 3. How do you like the following foods prepared? What do you

like to put on the foods from the list in the box? Begin with I would like to have ...

a leg of chicken eggs potatoes cheese a fillet of cod

prawns mushrooms sausages

salt pepper vinegar mustard ketchup oil mayonnaise lemon juice

Exercise 4. Do you often eat the following food in your country? Which of

these are your favourites? Which wouldn’t you eat for a million dollars?

Discuss your preferences with your partner.

grilled sausages oxtail

beefsteak ox tongue

lamb chops calf’s liver

a leg of pork calf’s heart

veal cutlets calf’s foot

boiled eggs lamb’s brains

fried bread sheep’s head

grilled cheese pig’s kidneys

fried rice pig’s blood

fried frogs raw fish

baked bananas roast peppers

Exercise 5. Answer the following questions.

1) How do people eat ice-cream cones?

2) How do hungry people eat?

3) How do very greedy people eat?

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4) How do people eat if they are not very hungry?

5) How do dogs eat?

6) What is a good, healthy way to eat meat?

7) What is an unhealthy way to eat, and why?

Exercise 6. Translate the following proverbs into Russian. Make

situations with them.

1) Tastes differ. One man’s meat is another man’s poison.

2) The way to a man’s heart is through his stomach.

3) Too many cooks spoil the broth.

4) It’s no use crying over spilt milk.

5) As you brew, so must you drink.

6) As the tree, so the fruit. Like father like son.

READING ACTIVITY

Exercise 1. A. What do people usually have for their meals? Use the

words in b) to make a list of foods for each meal.

1) breakfast, lunch, dinner, supper.

2) cheese/ham sandwiches, broth, tea, coffee, salad, curds, soup, boiled eggs,

chops, roast chicken, fried potatoes, porridge, bread and butter, pilaf,

steak, toasts, apple pie, fruit juice.

B. What do you know about British food and drink? Before reading the

text answer the questions:

1) name one popular British dish

2) name one popular British drink

3) name one popular British snack.

C. Now read the text and check your answers.

The Health Education Authority asked a number of people in Britain what sort

of meals and snacks they eat regularly. Here are the most common replies to the

survey.

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MEALS IN BRITAIN

Breakfast

The most popular choices аre: a bowl of cornflakes and a cup of tea; a bowl of

muesli and fresh orange juice; a piece of toast with marmalade; yoghurt and fresh

fruit with black coffee or tea.

The traditional British breakfast is a cooked meal of bacon, eggs and sausages,

preceded by cereal or fruit and followed by toast. Nowadays, this large meal is

served mainly in hotels and is very popular with foreign visitors. Britons may eat

this big breakfast at weekends or on special occasions but prefer a smaller, healthier

meal to start a normal day.

Nowadays the English people have a ‘continental-type’ breakfast: cereal

and/or fruit juice, tea (which people have with cold milk) or coffee with toast, bread

or roll, butter and marmalade (orange jam). Full English breakfast includes the

continental breakfast plus: fried bacon; fried, boiled or scrambled eggs; fried

mushrooms; tomatoes, sausages. Sometimes the Full English breakfast is called a

‘Cooked breakfast’.

Snacks and Lunches

Lunch is a light meal and is eaten at school or work. Lunch takes 10-40

minutes. Some offices have installed a microwave oven for employees to use.

Popular lunches are: salad or a sandwich; baked potato; beans on toast.

Snacks are very popular in Britain and many people frequently eat snacks

between meals. Schools and workplaces may also sell snacks such as crisps,

chocolate sweets and biscuits. Instant snacks are the fastest-growing sector of the

food market. 5.5 million packets of crisps are sold every year. British kids eat more

sweets than any other nationality.

On Sundays many families have a traditional lunch. They have roast meat,

either beef, lamb, chicken, or pork, with potatoes, vegetables, and gravy (a sauce

made from the meat sauces).

Dinner And Take-Aways

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Dinner is usually the main meal of the day and consists of two courses - meat

or fish and vegetables followed by a dessert or pudding. Prepacked or precooked

convenience foods are especially popular. ₤3.000 million of frozen foods are sold in

an average year. Sixty per cent of British homes use a microwave oven for cooking.

In recent years foreign foods have become a regular part of the British diet. Indian,

Italian and Chinese dishes are particularly popular for evening meals. Most

supermarkets sell a range of pre packed meals to be healed in the microwave.

Takes away became extremely popular in the 1980s. The traditional British

take away is fish and chips eaten with salt and vinegar and served in an old

newspaper. Most towns and cities now offer a wide range of take away meals from

American style hamburgers to Turkish kebabs. Many families prefer to eat take-

away food for dinner instead of cooking and it is not unknown for people to buy a

take-away after a visit to the pub or after a night out - in addition to dinner!

The British are famous for their love of sweet things, and afternoon tea with

sandwiches, scones jam and several different kinds of cake was once a traditional

custom. Like the English cooked breakfast, it is now more often found in teashops

and hotels than in private homes and you can buy special guidebooks to tell you

where the best afternoon teas are served. Most working people do not have tea as an

afternoon meal but they do have a short break in the middle of the afternoon for a

cup of tea. Tea is often also drunk with lunch and dinner.

It is difficult to give rules about the evening meal in a British home. It varies

from family to family. One family calls it dinner and eats around 7 p.m. Another

may call it tea and eat around 6 p.m. Dinner may consist of a three-course meal. Tea

may consist of a cooked main course or a salad, plus a dessert.

Dictionaries define ‘dinner’ as the main meal of the day eaten at either midday

or in the evening. The working class often use ‘dinner’ for their midday meal, even

if it’s only sandwiches. For the middle class the midday meal is always ‘lunch’ and

the evening meal ‘dinner’. ‘Supper’ for the working class is a meal at 6 p.m., where

as for the middle class ‘supper’ is more likely to be after 9 p.m. (‘supper after

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theatre’). In Scotland, ‘high tea’ is often the equivalent of the working class ‘supper’

in England, a cooked meal about 6 p.m. In the North of England, ‘tea’ is not

uncommon for the evening meal.

D. Are the following statements True or False according to the text?

1) Most people have a large breakfast

2) People often have cereal or toast for breakfast

3) People drink tea with hot milk

4) Lunch is a light meal

5) Everything stops at teatime

6) Tea is a drink and a meal

7) Dinner is smaller than lunch

8) British people eat dinner late at night

9) Frozen food is not popular

E. Speak about your meals using the following text as a model.

Breakfast, as doctors say, must be the most substantial meal of the day. But

I’m always pressed for time, so I just have a cup of strong tea and some sandwiches.

For breakfast, I usually have some porridge. But I’m not overfond of it. It’s

fattening, you know. For a change, I may have ham or sausages, and then a cup of

tea and perhaps, a piece of pie or a roll.

My dinner is the most substantial meal of the day. Usually I have a three-

course dinner. I’m very fond of all sorts of salad: mixed salad, vegetable salad …

For the first course, I take some soup. Chicken soup is my favourite. For the

second course, I have some meat. I prefer meat dishes to fish. It may be a roast beef,

a chop or rissoles with vegetables or mashed potatoes.

My supper is a light meal. I think there’s nothing like a good omelette for

supper, it’s my favourite dish.

Exercise 2. Read the text about food in the USA and find food that is

similar to food in your country. Which region would you like to visit? What

would you like to try?

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EAT YOUR HEART OUT IN THE USA

Anyone who thinks that food in the United States of America is all junk food

will he astonished by the variety of the true cooking of the country. Scrapple, grand

central oyster stew, jambalaya, tacos, cioppino and hashed browns are all American

dishes, yet they come from different traditions and different regions of the country.

There are six main cooking regions in the USA: New England, New York,

Deep South, Mid West, Тех Мех and West Coast. Here's a quick guide to what you

can eat there.

� In New England they eat a lot of fish and shellfish. Many dishes are left on

the stove to be eaten all day, such as boiled beef and chicken stew and

Boston is the home of the famous baked beans.

� New York is where people from all over the world meet, and you can see

this in its cooking: Greek, Italian, Russian, Chinese and many others. Pizza

and pasta are favourites, and it’s the home of the hot dog and the

hamburger.

� In the Deep South, it’s a mix of English, French, African and Caribbean

cooking, with spicy seafood, beans and rice, pork dishes, pecan pie and of

course, southern fried chicken.

� The farmland of the Mid West produces corn-on-the-cob (maize), steak,

tomatoes, potatoes and lettuce, and baked hams. The people who live there

came from Europe, so you can also try Hungarian goulash, Swiss, Dutch

and English cheeses and Scandinavian coffee cake.

� Тех Мех is hot and spicy, with green and red peppers, beans, tomatoes,

mangoes, avocados, chocolate sauce (mole) and the fiery chilli con carne.

� The West Coast is known-for its fruit especially oranges and lemons, and for

its seafood, crabs, lobster and mussels. A lot of the cooking is with wine.

� From brownies to tacos, from spare ribs to clam chowder, cooking in the

USA has something for everyone. Enjoy!

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WRITING ACTIVITY

Exercise 1. You’re going to

make a dish (e.g. a stew, a cake, a

salad). Write a shopping list. Show

your list to another student. Can he/

she guess what you’re going to make?

Shopping list

Exercise 2. Would you write a recipe how to make simple dish: an

omelette or a sandwich?

Exercise 3. What do you know about meals in other countries? (e.g.

People in Japan eat a lot of rice). Write a paragraph describing the meals and

‘typical’ food in your country.

Exercise 4. Here are some Coca-Cola advertising slogans from the past.

Match the two halves.

Things go ….. real thing

It’s the ….. it!

I’d like to ….. better with Coke.

Have a Coke ….. buy the world a Coke.

Coke is ….. and a Smile.

Can you make a good slogan for MacDonald’s in English or in your language?

ADDITIONAL READING

Text 1. FROM THE HISTORY OF AMERICAN FOOD AND DRINK

Fast food!

Imagine you work in an office in New York. You are very busy and your boss

is shouting at everyone. You have just a quarter of an hour for lunch. You go out into

the street. You want to order, pay, get your food, eat it, buy a newspaper, wash your

carrots kilo of lamb eggs packet of rice 6 oranges onions coffee large loaf

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hands, talk to your friends and get back to the office. All in fourteen and a half

minutes! So what do you eat? Fast food, of course – a sandwich, a burger or a slice

of pizza.

Fish’n’chips

150 years ago in England, mothers and fathers in poor families had to go out to

work in factories. There was no time to shop and cook. So they bought fast food in

the street. The most popular was fried fish with a piece of bread. Then in the 1870s

something new came from France – pommes de terre a la mode. English called them

chips. Soon there were fish’n’chip shops everywhere in working-class areas. They

used to put your fish’n’chips in an old newspaper – with a lot salt and vinegar on

top. Today fish’n’chips are still very popular in Britain – but they come in clean

white paper bags!

The first fast food

The Earl of Sandwich was the head of the English Navy in the American War

of Independence. He loved playing cards and he didn’t like stopping for lunch. So in

1762 he invented a snack made of two pieces of bread with something in the middle.

What was it called?

Hamburgers

The word hamburger comes from the German city of Hamburg. In the

Hamburg area the Tartars first made a sort of hamburger in the Middle Ages. They

used to sit on pieces of meat when they rode horses so the meat came out flat! But

the Americans invented the modern hamburger about 100 years ago. Now they forget

the origin of the word – and make cheeseburgers, fishburgers, beefburgers,

eggburgers, in fact anythingburgers!

... and hot dogs

Long thin sausages come from Frankfurt in Germany. They are called

frankfurters. Put one in bread and it becomes a ‘hot dog’. Why? Well, the sausage

looks like a long thin German dog, a ‘dachshund’. Add chilli, and it tastes hot!

All-American successes

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People in the USA love food from all over the world – Mexican, Chinese, Greek

But there are also two great all-American successes: the hamburger and Coca-Cola.

The hamburger has no connection to ham. It got its name from the German

town of Hamburger, which was famous for its ground steak. German immigrations

to the United States introduced the ‘hamburger steak.’

At the St. Louis World’s Fair in 1904, hamburger steaks were served on buns

for the first time. Hamburgers on buns were convenient and tasted good. This

became the usual way of eating hamburgers.

How did the hamburger become the most popular, most typical American

food? The introduction of the bun is an important part of the answer. Another

important part is McDonald’s, the fast-food restaurant.

The first McDonald’s was opened in San Bernardino, California in 1949.

Hamburgers were the main item on its menu. People liked the restaurant’s fast

service. By the 1960s there were many McDonald’s restaurants. McDonald’s was a

part of nearly every community in the United States. There were also other fast-

food restaurants that sold hamburgers. McDonald’s alone sold millions of

hamburgers a year.

Today, of course, there are McDonald’s restaurants around the world. The

food they serve is considered typically American. And, although McDonald’s has

expanded its menu, the main item on that menu is – as always – the hamburger.

Give complete answers to these questions.

1) Who introduced the hamburger to the United States?

2) Where was the 1904 World’s Fair?

3) How do most people eat hamburgers?

4) What do most people eat at McDonald’s?

5) What do you call convenience foods like hamburgers?

6) Why is the hamburger considered a typical American food?

Give extensive answers to the following questions.

1) What types of fast food can you buy in your native place?

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2) What are the advantages and disadvantages of fast food?

3) What do you think some fast foods of the future might be?

Text 2. COCA-COLA

In 1886 John Pemberton, a druggist in Atlanta, Georgia, made a brown syrup

by mixing coca leaves and cola nuts. Pemberton sold the syrup in his drugstore as a

medicine to cure all kinds of problems. Pemberton called his all-purpose medicine

‘Coca-Cola’.

When few people bought Coca-Cola, Pemberton sold it to another druggist,

Asa Candler. Candler decided to sell Coca-Cola as a soda-fountain drink instead of a

medicine.

At the soda fountains in drugstores, the syrup was mixed with soda water to

make the drink Coca-Cola. Candler advertised a lot and sold his syrup to many

drugstores. Soon everyone was going to soda fountains and asking for Coca-Cola.

Candler saw no reason for putting Coca-Cola into bottles. But two

businessmen thought this would be a good idea. They got permission from Candler,

and before long they became millionaires.

As of 1903, coca leaves were no longer used in Coca-Cola. File exact

ingredients used and their quantities are not known - the Coca-Cola company keeps

its recipe a secret.

World War I helped make Coca-Cola popular outside the United States. The

Coca-Cola Company sent free bottles of the drink to U.S. soldiers fighting in

Europe. Coca-Cola became very popular with the soldiers - so popular that the U.S.

Army asked the company Upstart ten factories in Europe. After the war, these

factories continued to make Coca-Cola. Today, there are Coca-Cola factories around

the world.

Give answers to these questions.

1) What were the ingredients of the original drink? What colour was it?

2) How was Coca-Cola first used?

3) When did Coca-Cola begin to be sold in bottles?

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4) When did Coca-Cola become popular around the world?

Can you recognize someone you know in these stories?

1. Well, he eats like a pig, he can’t get enough. 2. On a diet

He works like a dog, he looks real tough, First she gave up smoking.

He smokes like a chimney, four packs a day. Then she gave up gin.

He sleeps like a log, what more can I say? Then she gave up chocolate cake.

He drinks like a fish, Scotch on the Rocks. She wanted to be thin.

When he gets real mad, he hardly talks. Then she gave up breakfast

He cries like a baby when he’s feeling sad. Then she gave up lunch.

He’s the dearest friend I’ve ever had. On lazy Sunday mornings

she even gave up brunch.

No matter what she gave up.

Her skirts were very tight, cause

she ate twelve cans of tuna fish

for dinner every night.

Carolyn Graham

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EATING OUT

VOCABULARY

Serving the table: a table: a table mat, a table cloth, a napkin/serviette, a

place card, a pepper mill/pot/box, a salt cellar, a mustard pot, a bread plate;

toothpicks, an ashtray.

Crockery: (rim) soup bowl, dinner/salad/bottom/deep/soup plate; bread and

butter plate, platter, fish platter, hors d’oeuvre dish, vegetable bowl, salad bowl,

salad dish, soup tureen, gravy/sauce boat, butter dish, a saucer; (salad) servers, a

tray; teapot, water pitcher, jug, decanter, carafe, kettle, coffee mug, creamer, cup,

demitasse, glass: goblet, tumbler

Cutlery: forks: serving/salad, oyster, fish, dessert/cocktail; spoons: coffee,

tea, soup/table, dessert; knife: butter, fish, cheese, dessert/fruit, ham, bread, filleting,

cleaver.

The menu:

1. Starters: garlic mushrooms, mushrooms in cheese sauce, olives, melon,

mussels, oysters, lobster, prawn cocktail, shrimp in garlic sauce, smoked salmon,

(soft) caviar, (marinated) herring, perch in marinade, cod liver, jellied fish/tongue (in

aspic), seafood platter/fish assorted, stuffed pike, ham, cold pork, sausage, liver

pate/paste.

2. Soups: clear soup/broth, cream (of … ) soup / puree, chicken, mushroom,

vegetable, pea, potato, bean, noodle, tomato, milk, cabbage soup, Scotch broth, set

soup; thick – thin, fat – lean.

3. Salads: cucumber, green, mixed, sweetcorn, tomato (and cucumber), crab,

fish, vegetable, egg, Russian salad; to dress a salad with sour cream/mayonnaise;

dressing.

4. Main course:

Fish dishes: boiled pike-perch Polish style, halibut in white sauce, steamed

sturgeon, fried cod/bream/pike/perch; a strip/piece of fish.

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Meat dishes: roast/grilled/stewed meat and vegetables, mutton/pork

chop/cutlet/rissole, escalope, steamed rissole, meat balls, roast beef, entrecote,

beefsteak: well-done (no blood), medium (in between), rare (meat is still red);

rumpsteak (grilled), schnitzel, languette, croquette, Irish stew, roast (leg of) lamb

with mint sauce, roast beef and Yorkshire pudding, Shepherd’s pie, steak and kidney

pie, roast veal and chips, boiled tongue and green peas.

Poultry: roast duckling and orange/apples, roast chicken, roast goose and

sauerkraut, roast turkey and mixed vegetables, chicken Kiev.

Side dishes and vegetables/trimming: French fries, croquettes, rice, noodles, pasta,

baked/boiled/fried/mashed/ potatoes, baked beans, cauliflower, stewed carrots; (to)

garnish.

5. Sweet course: apple pie, whipped/clotted cream, custard, marmalade,

chocolate mousse, fruit salad, hot cross bun, jelly, pancake, stewed fruit, caramel,

strawberries and cream, lemon meringue/pie, waffles/wafers, sherry trifle; ice-

cream: vanilla/walnut/pistachio ice-cream, a cone (with 3 balls), a tub, an ice-lolly,

an iced coffee.

Things to remember at the table: to stretch over the table, to lay the table

(for three), to clear the table, to show smb in, to serve, service, in advance, to wait

(up) on / to cater for, to get a reservation, to reserve, to book a table, to ask for

menu/bill, to order (in advance), to settle/pay the bill, to give a tip; to order dinner

a’la carte, table d’hote, to order/take smth for the 1st course, to decide on smth, to

prefer smth to smth;

to start with smth, to taste smth, to treat to smth; food – meal (to have 3

meals a day, to have/make a fine meal) – course (for the 2nd course) – dish, home-

made dish, dishes of international menu, today’s special, specialty/specialty (Am.E)

of the house, cuisine; service is not included/at your discretion – VAT and service

included

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EXERCISES

In Britain you often have three courses: a starter (e.g. soup), a main course

(e.g. steak or chicken), and a dessert (e.g. strawberries or ice cream). You may also

have an aperitif (= a drink before the meal, e.g. gin and tonic), and coffee after the

meal.

When you pay the bill (= money for the meal; Am.E = check), you sometimes

also leave a tip (= money) for the waiter if the service is not included in the price.

(10% is a normal tip.) If it is a popular restaurant, you may also need to book (=

reserve) a table in advance (= before you go).

Exercise 1. Look at the typical menu and answer the questions:

Starter/hors d’oeuvre/appetiser/appetizer (Am.E) /cold dish

Broccoli Soup

Prawn cocktail

Chilled melon courses for the 1st course/starter;

Garlic mushrooms for the 2nd/main course (seconds)

Home-made Chicken Liver Pate to have a three-course dinner

Cream and Bacon

Main Courses

Meat (grills+side-dish (vegetables)

Rumpsteak

Pork chop

Lamb casserole

Chicken Kiev

Breast of Chicken in a White Whine Sauce with Mushrooms

Grilled Fillet Steak in a Pepper Sauce

Mushroom Risotto

Fish

Grilled trout

Cod in cheese sauce dishes; vegetarian dish

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Baked Salmon with Spinach

Desserts to have for dessert

Sometimes called sweets/pudding/afters

Ice cream

Apple pie with cream

Chocolate Mousse

Fruit Salad

Tea, coffee

Snacks always available small items, e.g. sandwiches, pies, etc.

Answer the questions

1) Which starter doesn’t contain vegetables?

2) Which does contain pasta?

3) Which dish may be rare or well-done?

4) Which dish is definitely cooked in the oven?

5) Which dish will probably be quite spicy?

6) Which dish contains alcohol?

7) Which meat may be fatty or tough if you are unlucky?

8) Which dessert(s) will be quite sweet?

9) Which desserts must be very fresh?

10) You are on a diet (= you are trying to loose weight) and you don’t want

to have a fattening meal. Which would you probably be the best dish to

choose for each course?

Exercise 2. You are going out for a meal. Put the following events into the

correct order:

look at the menu order the meal have the main course

decide to go for a meal sit down go to the restaurant

pay the bill ask for the bill eave the restaurant

have the starter give the waiter a tip have dessert book a table

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Exercise 3. Sort these dishes out under the headings starters, main

courses or desserts.

chicken casserole coffee gateau sorbet shrimps in garlic

fresh fruit salad prawn cocktail rump steak pate and toast

chocolate fudge cake grilled trout Irish stew

What’s the opposite of

dry wine fresh bread a heavy meal tough meat cooked fish

a well-done steak soft drinks undercooked vegetables a clear soup

Exercise 4. Match the phrases and the definitions.

1) cuisine a) a detailed list of the foods served at a meal

2) meal b) a complete meal served at a hotel or restaurant for

a set price

3) menu c) a style of cooking or preparing food

4) a la carte menu d) the food served or eaten at one time

5) table d’hote e) with a separate price for each item on the menu

Exercise 5. Complete each sentence with a suitable word.

bill book dessert menu takeaway tip

1) We weren’t sure what to have, so we asked for the ……. .

2) Tony finished his meal, paid the ……., and left the restaurant.

3) After two courses we felt full, so we didn’t have any ……. .

4) We had a very tasty Indian ……. for the main course.

5) This is a popular restaurant and you have to ……. a table.

6) The service was excellent so we left a large …….on the table.

Exercise 6. Underline the correct word in each sentence.

1) Would you like a bread/roll with your soup?

2) The first course/plate consisted of cold fish and salad.

3) That was a really lovely food/meal. Please let me pay for you.

4) I felt so thirsty that I drank two cans/tins of Coca Cola.

5) Nowadays many people buy frozen/iced food instead of fresh food.

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6) Could you give me the receipt/recipe for this cake? It’s delicious!

7) This pie is fantastic! It’s really tasteful/tasty.

8) Helen is a really good cook/cooker.

9) Can I have a fork/spoon so I can stir my coffee?

Exercise 7. Complete each gap with an appropriate word. You are given

the first letter of the missing word.

Have you been to ‘Bar None’? We went yesterday and it was great. I am glad

we (1) b ……… because the restaurant was full. I asked the waiter to bring us a

wine (2) l……… so that we could decide what to drink. For my (3) s ……… I chose

garlic mushrooms, and for my main (4) c ……… I ordered a casserole with pork (5)

c ………, sage and white wine. For (6) d ……… I had crème caramel with ice-

cream. I asked our waiter to bring the (7) b ……… and I had to pay cash because

they wouldn’t take (8) c ……… cards. I left the waiter quite a large (9) t ……… as I

was very pleased with the (10) s ……… .

Exercise 8. Complete the following sentences with the correct word. You

may need to change the form of the words you use.

1) I’d like a ….. egg for breakfast with some bread and butter.

2) Could I have my steak very ….. , practically uncooked, please?

3) ….. some chopped herbs on top of the pasta before serving.

4) Leave the meat in the ….. for at least two hours to make sure it is properly

cooked.

5) Put the rice in the ….. and shake it to get rid of all the water.

6) They ….. their own bread. It’s absolutely delicious.

7) I am taking my girlfriend ….. to dinner this evening.

8) You can leave the table when you have eaten ….. all your food.

9) If you clear the table, I’ll wash ….. .

10) 10 We wanted to eat together at home so we ordered a take-….. .

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Remember the following conversation formulas

Ways of inviting people: Accepting the invitation:

May I invite you to … ? Willingly. That’s all right with me.

Shall we go to …? With pleasure. Yes, I’d like to.

Let’s go to … . Why not. If it’s not much trouble.

Would you like to … ? O’K I’ll be delighted.

What/how about doing smth? Not a bad idea. That’s a good idea.

Why not do smth? All right. I like the idea.

Agreed/settled. That sounds great/nice.

Nothing would please me more.

When you turn down (reject) an invitation you say:

I’m afraid/sorry, I can’t/I’m busy. Thank you.

I don’t really want to. Thanks.

I’m not really in the mood. Thanks.

I’d rather not. Thank you.

I don’t feel like doing it.

Thanks. I already have plans.

Proposing a toast

Formal Neutral Informal

− Your very good health, Mr. Jones

− I would like to propose a toast to our host/

hostess/hosts and their very good health.

− Here’s to you!

− Thank you. To you too.

− Cheers!

− Bottoms up!

Exercise 1. Invite your friends: to go out to have dinner; to have a cup of

coffee; to spend a quiet evening at home; to go to see some friends of yours; to

dance with you; to have lunch with you in a café; to your birthday party.

Exercise 2. Listen to the conversations, act them out and make

substitutions.

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IN A RESTAURANT

a) Choosing a dish and a drink

− What do you want to drink?

− I feel like a cup of tea.

− Do you fancy something to eat?

− Yes, I’d rather like some of that fruit cake.

− That’s a good idea. I think I’ll join you.

(a cup of coffee/apple pie, a glass of orange juice/pudding)

− What would you like to drink?

− A black coffee for me, please.

− How about something to eat?

− Yes, I’d like a portion of that strawberry tart.

(a glass of mineral water/cake, a bottle of lemonade/meat pie)

− Do you want anything to start with, Simon?

− Yes, some tomato juice.

− As for me I’d like some salad to begin with.

(fish/cold meat, apple juice/ham)

− What shall we have for dinner today?

− Let’s have tomato soup and beefsteak.

− I’d rather have a mutton chop.

(clear soup, milk soup, roasted meat, beefsteak)

b) Ordering a meal

− Have you decided on something?

− Yes. Haddock and chips for me, please.

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− How about the sweet?

− No sweet. Just coffee.

(chicken and rice, roasted meat and mashed potatoes)

− Can I take your order, sir?

− I’ll just take a small salad, please.

− Do you want any sweet?

− Apple pie and custard would be nice.

(a steak/ a cup of coffee, fried potatoes/an ice-cream)

− Oh, excuse me!

− Yes, sir?

− Could you bring us some more tea, please?

− Of course, sir.

− ... and could you bring me the bill, please. I’m in a hurry

(coffee, cream, beer)

Exercise 3. Act out the following dialogues with your partner and make

similar conversations.

1

Customer: Waiter! I’d like the menu, please.

Waiter: Here you are, sir.

Customer: Thanks... I’d like some soup.

Waiter: Tomato soup?

Customer: Yes, please and I’d like a steak.

Waiter: Rare, medium or well-done?

Customer: Medium, please.

Waiter: Which vegetables would you like?

Customer: I’d like some potatoes, some peas and a salad, please.

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Waiter: Certainly, sir.

Customer: And I’d like some wine.

Waiter: Which wine would you like, sir?

Customer: A bottle of red wine, please.

2

Waiter: May I help you?

Customer: I’d like a steak.

Waiter: How would you like it?

Customer: Rare.

Waiter: Okay. And would you prefer a baked potato or rice with it?

Customer: I’d prefer a baked potato.

Waiter: Anything to drink?

Customer: How about a nice cup of coffee, please?

Waiter: Okay. That’s a rare steak with a baked potato and a cup of coffee.

Exercise 4. Complete the following dialogues using the words below them.

1

− (1) ... to order now?

− Yes, I think so. (2)... to start with, Helen?

− What’s the (3)...?

− Vegetable, madam.

− O.K. Vegetable soup for me, please.

− And (4)..., please.

− And for the main course, madam?

− (5)... roast chicken with mashed potato and peas, please.

− And I’ll have spaghetti Bolognese.

for me, too; What would you like; I’d like; Are you ready; soup of the day.

2

− (l)... but I’m afraid we haven’t got any left, sir.

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− Oh dear. (2)... .Then I’ll have the rump steak.

− (3)..., sir?

− Medium, please.

− And which vegetables would you like with that, sir?

− French fries and peas, please.

− Would you like (4)... ?

− A glass of red wine, please.

− And a bottle of mineral water for me, please.

− (5)....

What a pity; something to drink; Thank you very much; How would you like it? I’m

very sorry.

3

− May I take your (1)…, sir?

− I haven’t seen (2)... yet. May I have one, please?

− I’m sorry. Here is one, sir.

− There are so many (3)... that it’s hard to decide. Well, I’ll have (4)... . I’m pretty

hungry.

− Yes, sir. The regular dinner includes (5)..., soup, salad, (6)..., tea of coffee.

− I’ll try beefsteak with fried potatoes. And I think tomato salad (7)... .

− Very good, sir. Anything for (8)...?

− No, thanks. Just (9)... .

dessert, different dishes, black coffee, appetizer, the menu: order, choice of desserts,

the regular dinner, will do nice.

4

− May I take your order, sir?

− I’ll just take (1)..., please.

− We (2)... of lettuce and tomato or cucumber and beet.

− (3)... lettuce, please.

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− Do you want any (4)...?

− Apple pie and custard (5)... .

− Could I have some coffee please?

− Yes, sir. Black or white?

− White, please. And as I’m (6)..., could you have (7)... ready?

− Yes, sir.

the bill, would be nice, have a choice, sweet, in a hurry, I’d like, a small salad.

Exercise 5. A. What would you say in the following situations?

1. You are in a restaurant. You have asked for a black coffee, but the waiter

brings you a white coffee. What do you say?

� You.......

2. You are in a restaurant. You have finished your meal and want to pay. What

do you ask the waiter?

� You......

� Waiter......

3. You have invited some friends to come to your house for a meal. You want

to make sure that you don’t give them food they don’t like. What do you ask them?

� You…..

4. You are in a crowded restaurant. You see a table with one chair free. What

do you ask the other people at the table before you sit down?

� You….

� a) Certainly, sir.

� b) Could I sit clown here? /Is this seat free?

� c) Excuse me! I asked for a black coffee.

� d) Could you give me the bill, please?

� e) Is there any food that you don’t like

B. What might you say to the person/people with you in a restaurant if …

your chips had too much oil/fat on them?

114

your dish had obviously been cooked too much/too long?

your piece of meat was absolutely perfectly cooked?

your dish seemed to have no flavour at all?

Exercise 6. Insert the missing parts of the dialogue using the topical

vocabulary

– Where shall we sit? There are many vacant seats here.

– (you give a suggestion)

– Here is the menu card. Have a look at it. What do they offer?

– (you name many dishes)

– Shall we take any soup?

– (you either agree or disagree)

– What would you like top take for a second course?

– (you give a suggestion)

– Shall we drink anything?

– (some wine/beer/lemonade)

– Waiter, will you take our order? …

Exercise 7. Reconstruct the dialogue putting the utterances in the right

order and act it out.

– I think I’ll take chicken broth and stewed meat with vegetables. Any

dessert?

– Fine, would you like any appetizers?

– It’s high time to have a snack. Would you like to go to the café?

– All right. Let it be our refectory then.

– Oh, the choice is very good. For the first course we can take either

mushroom soup or chicken broth. For the second course they serve

rissoles with mashed potatoes, fried fish with chips and stewed meat with

vegetables.

– I shall have mushroom soup and the rissoles. And what about you?

– As for me I’d rather have a good substantial dinner. What about going to

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our refectory?

– Let’s have black coffee and ice-cream.

– Have a look at the menu. What do they serve today?

– I don’t think I’ll have any.

Exercise 8. Act out the following situations:

Situation 1. You are telling your friend on the phone about the wonderful

dinner you had yesterday at a restaurant together with your boy/girl-friend.

Situation 2. Three of you are eating at the restaurant and making orders, then

you give your opinions on the meal.

Situation 3. You want to arrange a business lunch for yourself and

representatives of another company. You are booking a table in advance. Ask what

they have on their menu.

Situation 4. You and your friend are looking at the menu and choosing the

dishes to eat. Your tastes differ.

Situation 5. Your group is having an end-of-term party next week. You and

your partners are food and drink committee. Discuss what food and drink you will

get, but don’t worry about how much you can buy: the money hasn’t yet been

collected.

Exercise 9. You are on a trip to Britain and you have been invited to

dinner with a British family. In pairs or groups, act out the conversation when

you ask your teacher before the event what you are supposed to do. Ask about

clothes, forms of address, times to arrive and leave, gifts to take and how to

thank your hosts.

Exercise 10. Read the following proverbs. Make short stories to illustrate

them.

1) First come, first served.

2) Hope is a good breakfast, but a bad supper.

3) If you sing before breakfast, you will cry before night.

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4) Hunger is the best sauce. Hunger breaks stone walls. A hungry belly has

no ears.

READING ACTIVITY

Exercise 1. A. Read the text ‘Eating out’ and enrich your general

knowledge of the places to go out for a meal in Great Britain.

EATING OUT

Many housewives in Britain have nice kitchens in their apartments. But they

have neither time nor desire to cook. They often buy ready-made food at the

supermarkets or go to restaurants.

A very popular pastime is eating out in a restaurant. In most towns there is a

wide variety of restaurants serving different types of food at different prices. Most

British towns now have Chinese or Indian restaurants that serve quite cheap food;

Italian restaurants are also popular and French restaurants are famous for high

quality expensive cooking. Here are some examples of restaurant names, and the

kind of food they serve: Mandarin - Chinese dishes, Chip Shop - fish and chips,

pies, sausage and chips, Indus Curry - Indian dishes, Isola Bella - Italian dishes,

Acropolis - Greek dishes.

When you have looked at the menu and chosen what you want to eat, the

waiter will come and take your order. Normally, you tell him what you want for the

first two courses. He will take your order for dessert and coffee later.

In some places you can dance to disco music between the courses of your

meal. ‘Dine and dance’ is offered by the restaurants of large hotels and clubs.

While having your drink or a meal you may enjoy a cabaret. This can be any

kind of show: music, singing, dancing, or people telling stories and jokes. When you

finish eating, ask the waiter to bring you the bill. In most restaurants a service charge

(10-15%) is added into the total sum that's why it’s not necessary to give the waiter a

tip.

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According to the restaurant etiquette you don’t shout ‘Waiter!’ loudly across

the room if you want to call him. You raise your hand and try to catch the waiter’s

eyes without shouting or waving your arms. It’s not easy to get the waiter’s

attention, but it’s much more polite than shouting - which would make you very

unpopular.

As well as restaurants most towns have a number of bars and cafes where you

can get sandwiches and other snacks. There are also hamburger restaurants

specializing in cheap meals - especially hamburgers. Many pubs now have

restaurants or grill rooms too. In some you can get a full range of dishes, in others

the choice is more limited.

A fairly recent development is the growth of take-away restaurants. Here you

can buy cooked meals to take home. Fish and chip shops have been and are still very

popular. You can have some meal there (fish, but sometimes chicken or sausage too)

or take it away to be eaten somewhere outside. Now there are take-away Chinese

and Indian restaurants in many towns and special take-away serving fried chicken

are also popular. Your order is packed in special containers particularly because you

don’t have to pay VAT (value added tax) on it.

B. Agree or disagree with the following statements:

1) Eating out in a restaurant is beyond the means of an Englishman. Only

some people can afford it.

2) The British are very conservative. You can’t find any other restaurants

except British as well as no other food except traditional English cooking.

3) Fish and chip shops provide food in commodious containers to be eaten at

home or elsewhere.

4) I don’t see the point of taking-away food. It’s as expensive as eating in a

restaurant.

5) Don’t go to take-away restaurants unless you like chicken. That’s all you

can get there.

C. Try to find pairs

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bacon biscuits butter chips fork salt saucer vinegar

pepper and ……. fish and …….

knife and ……. oil and …….

egg and ……. cup and …….

bread and ……. tea and …….

D. Guess the proper word by the context.

menu, starter, steak or fish, dessert, eating out, reserve, cancel, tip, bill,

drinks, containers, pub

1) A very popular pastime today is … in a restaurant.

2) If you want to dine at a restaurant you’d better … a table.

3) If you can’t come don’t forget to … your reservation.

4) You ask the waiter to see the … .

5) First, you can have soup or a salad as a … . Then follows the main course,

i.e. … finally you can order … .

6) When you finish eating, ask the waiter to bring you the … .

7) If you are quite content with the service you may give the waiter some

extra money. This is called a … .

8) You can also take food away from restaurants. It may be packed into

special … .

9) For many British people … is the center of their social life.

10) You can buy many kinds of … in pubs.

Exercise 2. A. Read the following two newspaper articles. Pick out the

unfamiliar words. Try to guess their meaning from the context. Look the words

up in the dictionary and check your guesses. Learn the meaning and the

pronunciation of the new words.

EATING OUT (by Clement Hording)

The Old Mill, The Quay, Wardleton, Sussex Open Tuesday – Sunday

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7 – 11 30p.m. This week we decided to look at a small family-run restaurant in the village of

Wardleton. ‘The Old Mill’ is newly opened and overlooks the River Wardle, and we

had heard several favourable comments about it. Because we had been advised to book

early, we managed to get a nice table with a view of the quay. We were made very

welcome and the service was excellent because it is a small family business. The

proprietor, Jeff Dean, runs the kitchen himself and his wife, Nelly, showed us to our

table.

Although the choice of items on the menu was very extensive, it was rather

traditional. A long menu always worries me, because a large menu often means a

large freezer! We started with Wardle Trout and although it was fresh, it was spoilt

by the number of herbs. For my main course I chose the pepper steak, which was the

specialty of the day. I thought it was almost perfect because the chef had chosen

excellent meat and it was cooked just long enough.

My wife ordered the roast lamb, and although the quality of the meat was

good, she thought it was a little underdone. Though the vegetables were fresh, they

came in very small portions and were rather over-cooked for our taste. However, the

bread was fresh because it had been baked on the premises. I have often complained

in this column about the difficulty of finding any restaurant with serves a fresh fruit

salad. Luckily, this one did. Even though it must have been very time-consuming, to

prepare, it was a delight to see, and I had a second helping.

As usual I chose house wine, as this is often the best way to judge a

restaurant’s wine list. It was a French-bottled table wine that was quite satisfactory

and reasonably priced. The bill, including coffee and brandy, came to £37, which

was acceptable for the class of restaurant, although that did not include service.

FAST FOOD (by Rebecca Mitchell)

Nashville Superburger Bar, Leicester Square, London Open 7 days a week,

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24 hours a day A new American fast-food chain has just opened its first restaurant in Britain.

‘The Nashville Superburger Bar’ is just off Leicester Square. Because of the success

of McDonald’s and Kentucky Fried Chicken, I was interested to see if Nashville had

anything new to offer. The restaurant was so brightly-lit that I wished I’d brought

my sunglasses. Once I’d got used to the light, I rather liked the green and orange

plastic decor, which was very futuristic. The place was spotlessly clean – almost

antiseptic! Although there was a long queue, service was incredibly fast. The menu

was limited to a variety of hamburgers and prices were very reasonable. I had the

‘Giant Superburger’ winch was served with a generous helping of French fries.

Although the burger itself was rather tasteless, there was a large selection of

relishes on every table and the French fries were the best I’ve ever tasted. This kind

of establishment obviously caters for young people in a hurry. I was amazed to see

that many of the customers preferred to eat standing up even though there were seats

available. Most of the customers were under 25 and alone. Everybody seemed to be

drinking milk shakes and although I’m not very fond of them I felt I should have

one. Not much can go wrong with a milk shake and it tasted as good or as bad as any

other. Although it’s a quick and efficient way of taking nourishment, you wouldn’t

choose ‘The Nashville’ for a quiet and romantic evening with a friend. Although I

wasn’t in a hurry, I was in, fed, and out; in ten minutes. It reminded me very much

of a motorway filling station.

B. Answer these questions about the texts.

1) Why did the author decide to visit ‘The Old Mill’?

2) Did they manage to get a nice table? Why?

3) Why does the author think they were made very welcome?

4) Why does a long menu always worry the author?

5) What food were they satisfied with (and not quite satisfied)?

6) Why was the author interested in ‘The Nashville’?

7) What impressed him greatly at ‘The Nashville’?

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8) Who does the establishment of the ‘Fast Food’ type cater for?

9) Why did ‘The Nashville Superburger Bar’ remind the author of a

motorway filling station?

C. Read the articles again and pick out the words and word-combinations

describing

1) ‘The Old Mill’;

2) the menu of ‘The Old Mill’;

3) the author’s impressions of the food there;

4) ‘The Nashville Superburger Bar’;

5) the menu in ‘The Nashville’;

6) the author’s impression of the food there.

D. Find the English equivalents to the following Russian phrases and

sentences.

1) На этой неделе мы решили посмотреть маленький семейный

ресторанчик в местечке Вордштон.

2) Нам удалось получить хороший столик с видом па набережную

3) Меню было достаточно традиционным.

4) Хотя качество мяса жареной баранины было хорошим, оно было

недожарено.

5) Это было столовое вино французского разлива.

6) Счeт, включая кофе и бренди, составил 37 фунтов, что приемлемо

для ресторана такого класса.

7) Mнe было интересно, могли ли они предложить что-либо новое в

‘Нэшвилле’.

8) Хотя очередь была длинной, обслуживание было невероятно

быстрым.

9) Хотя сам бургер был безвкусным, на каждом столе был большой

выбор приправ.

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E. Match the following words with the right definitions and then find

corresponding sentences in the text and translate them into Russian.

newly - to prevent smth from being successful or satisfactory

favourable - smth that covers a wide range of details, ideas, or items

extensive - if your opinion or your reaction to smth is defined by this word

it means that you agree with it and approve of it

spoil - it is used before a past participle or an adjective to indicate that

a particular action is very recent

complain - smth that is fairly and sensibly done

time consuming - to say that you are not satisfied with smth.

Exercise 3. Read the text and complete the exercises that follow.

PUBS IN BRITAIN

For company and conversation the English go to the ‘pub’. The cafes in

England sell only coffee, tea and soft drinks. You go to a cafe for a meal or for a

quick cup of tea. When you want to relax, after a day’s work, you go to the local pub

(public house). Pubs are as a rule quiet, rather private places, large or small, new or

old, in cities or in the countryside, with a friendly atmosphere.

It is customary in Britain ‘to go for a drink’ with friends. Social life for many

people has centered on the pub for many years. People often meet at a pub before

going on to another place. Opening and closing times are decided by the law: they

are open from 11 a.m. to 2.30 p.m. and from 6 p.m. to 11 p.m. (pubs in England and

Wales close at 11 p.m.) and, ten minutes before closing time, the barman or barmaid

rings a bell or shouts ‘Last orders!’ On Friday and Saturday evenings pubs in some

city centers can be very crowded.

You can find every kind of person here: doctors, schoolteachers, workers.

They come to relax, talk, play games like darts or billiards, and have their usual

drink or a meal. Beer, wine and spirits, as well as non-alcoholic drinks like

lemonade coke, fruit juice can be bought at a pub. The typical drink is beer. There

are many different types of beer both draught and bottled, which is served in pints

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(0,57 of a litre) or half pints. You never ask for a pint of beer, name always for a pint

of bitter, larger, keg or other particular name of the beer. You can also buy spirits

(e.g. whisky, gin, vodka) and usually wine, by the glass, not by the bottle. A very

refreshing drink on a hot day is a shandy (lemonade mixed with beer).

When you go into a pub you have to go to a bar, pay for your drink and carry

it to your seat. Each drink is paid separately, not at the end of the evening. The

barman is not tipped, unless he brings drinks to the table. If you go there regularly

the landlord will try to get to know you. He will remember what you usually drink

and may become a personal friend.

Some people do a tour of all pubs in one area and have a drink in each one.

This is called a ‘pub crawl’. It is usual for each person in a group to take it in turns

to buy drinks for everyone, and this is called a ‘round’. People may want to sing in a

pub. Than they ask someone to play the tunes on the old piano. The pianist has free

drinks as long as he plays. That is the custom.

It used to be difficult to get a cup of coffee in a pub, and children were not

allowed inside. Although it is still against the law to serve alcohol to anyone under

18, pubs are now trying to encourage families. Pub meals have become very popular

and are cheap and often good. Sandwiches, meat pies, salads and even hot meals are

served at the bars of many pubs. Pubs often also provide entertainment: live music,

singing, computer games, video and karaoke machines. Many today’s pubs have

tables outside and are often crowded in the summer.

Pubs are still a central part of British culture.

Coffee bars are popular meeting places for young people. It is possible to

dance in some bars, but alcoholic drinks are not sold.

Inexpensive restaurants known as ‘Fish and Chip Shops’ are something of a

national institution in the U.K. Fish and chips can be eaten in the restaurant or taken

away wrapped in paper. Foreign visitors arc often surprised to see the large number

of Chinese and Italian restaurants. These restaurants offer good and mostly

reasonably priced food and are very popular.

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A. Mark which of the following statements are true and which are false.

1) Pubs are places where people come to drink alcoholic after a hard working

day.

2) Pubs are open all day in most places.

3) Young people under 18 are not allowed to buy or drink alcohol in pubs.

4) Most pubs sell hot drinks like tea or coffee.

5) If you order beer or cider you’ll have to say how much you want.

6) Eating in restaurants is a waste of time and money.

B. Complete the following sentences using the prompts

1) Pub is short for … a) addicted to alcohol

2) At the bar you can buy … b) darts/darts

3) When everyone has a drink they all lift their glasses and say …

c) teetotaler

4) If it’s someone’s birthday you drink to … d) drunkard

5) In the pub people are … e) public house

6) In the bar some people play games like … f) drinks/sandwiches/nuts/pies

7) Someone who can’t stop drinking spirits is … g) cheers

8) A person who never drinks alcohol is a … h) his/her good health

9) Someone who’s often drunk is a … i) chatting and laughing

C. Questions for discussion.

1) What is a pub?

2) Is it more popular than a restaurant in Britain?

3) Why do English people go to a pub?

4) What drinks do they normally have there?

5) Is alcohol forbidden in pubs?

6) Are there such places as pubs in your country?

7) What drinks can you order there?

8) Is there a great variety of beers in British pubs? In your country?

9) Which of them are the best?

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10) Is it customary to by a round in our country?

11) What are the drinking habits in our country?

12) Is (beer) alcoholism a social problem in many countries?

WRITING ACTIVITY

Exercise 1. You’re planning a special meal for some foreign visitors.

Write a menu. Explain to your guests what each dish is.

− a starter

− a main course

− a dessert

− drinks

Exercise 2. An English friend who has never left home before is coming to

stay in your country. Write a letter telling him or her what food is popular in

your country and what places are the best to go out for a meal.

Exercise 3. Look at the example below, then write a few paragraphs

about etiquette for visitors to your country. Give helpful advice about things

like table manners, hospitality and tipping

Table manners

At mealtime in Sweden we don’t use side plates for bread. You’re

supposed to put your bread on the table beside your dinner plate. After

a meal, you’re expected to thank the person who prepared it, even if it’s

your mother or father.

Writing an Invitation

Invitations may be extended by letter or by telephone. They may vary in

form, some are printed on special cards, others are in the form of personal letters.

Invitations to formal parties are sent well in advance. If replies are requested

letters of acceptance or regret (refusal) should be sent immediately. The request for a

reply is indicated as follows: R. S. V. P. (‘Repondez s’il vous plait’ which means in

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French ‘Please, reply’).

There are certain formulas of invitations and replies to be observed. Here are

some of them:

Formal (printed)

Informal (handwritten) Dear Mrs. Johnson,

Will you and your husband lunch with us this coming Saturday, at one o’clock?

Hoping so much to see you then.

Very sincerely yours, Caroline Williams.

Reply

The form of acceptance and regret depends upon the form of invitation received.

Formal acceptance

Informal (handwritten) acceptance Dear Mrs. Williams,

We would be delighted to have dinner with you on Friday, the second of June at eight

o’clock.

Sincerely (truly) yours, Mrs. N. Sedov.

Regret

Formal

Mr. and Mrs. Sedov accept with pleasure the kind Invitation of Mr. and Mrs. Williams fordinner on Friday, the second of June at eight o’clock.

Mr. and Mrs. Sedov regret that they are unable to accept the kind invitation of Mr. and Mrs. Williams for Friday, the second of June.

Mr. and Mrs. Williams request the pleasure of Mr.and Mrs. N. Sedov’s company at dinner on Friday, the second of June at eight o’clock. 42 Grosvenor Square R.S.V.P.

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Informal (handwritten) Dear Mrs. Williams,

We are so sorry that we cannot make it on Friday because of another engagement.

Hoping to see you soon.

Sincerely (truly) yours, Mrs. N. Sedov.

Exercise 4. Write an invitation to the formal party and another one to the

informal, what form of reply are you supposed to receive in each case?

Exercise 5. Write about the party you enjoyed.

Exercise 6. Choose one of the following questions and write a paragraph

to answer it.

1) How do you like the idea of celebrating family holidays in a café or a restaurant?

2) Should we always stick to our custom of giving our guests a substantial meal?

Exercise 7. Susan recently joined a local slimming club. She was given a

diet sheet and also a set of guidelines containing some advice and suggestions

for new members.

GUIDELINE FOR SLIMMERS

Welcome to our slimming club! Here are a few hints to help you succeed in

your diet – please read them carefully and make them part of your daily routine.

Eating: Eat only the food listed on your diet sheet, and remember to weigh

everything carefully before each meal. Make sure you start a day with a good,

healthy breakfast, and be careful not to miss a meal; otherwise you may be tempted

to eat snacks between meals.

Drinks: You cannot drink as much tea or coffee as you like, but remember

that a lot of soft drinks are fattening. Try a low-calorie drink instead.

Restaurants: Wherever possible, avoid eating fried foods. If you know that

will be difficult, try to eat less at other meals that day!

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Exercise: This is a very important part of any diet. You should take at least 30

minutes’ energetic exercise each day. Choose something you like – swimming,

dancing, gardening – and get into the habit of doing some every day!

Checking your weight: It is a good idea to weigh yourself at the same time

of the day each week. Remember to keep a weekly record of your weight so that you

can see how much progress you are making.

So the diet goals are:

1) Eat a variety of foods.

2) Maintain your ideal weight.

3) Avoid too much fat and cholesterol.

4) Eat foods with adequate starch.

5) Avoid too much sugar.

6) Avoid too much sodium.

7) Avoid alcohol.

Use the text as a model and write a set of guidelines either for your friend

who wants to keep always fit, or for a child who is on a nourishing diet after

being ill. Some examples from the box can help you.

You should/ You ought to … Don’t be afraid to …

It is a good idea to … Try to avoid -ing …

Don’t forget to … Remember to …

Make sure you … You shouldn’t …

Don’t … or you will … Be careful not to …

PROJECT WORK

Here is a menu list of one of the most popular places among the youth.

Study the menu and be ready to complete the exercises that follow.

PIZZA PALACE

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Starters Home-made tomato soup 70p Garlic bread 80p Jacket potato with butter 75p Salad Make your own salad from our salad bar: cucumber, tomatoes, onions, lettuce, peppers, sweetcorn, beans. £1.35 Pizzas The big one A traditional pizza with ham, salami, sausage, black olives, green peppers and sliced mushrooms. £3.55 The taste of the sea If you like fish, you’ll love this pizza. It has tuna, mussels, anchovies and sardines on a traditional cheese and tomato base. £3.40 Some like it hot You get a free glass of water with our special hot pizza: beef, hot chilies, red and green peppers, onions and tomatoes. £3.30 Vegetarian delight A healthy alternative with, mushrooms, green peppers and onions on a cheese and tomato pizza. £3.15 Hawaiian style An exotic pizza from the South Seas: ham, chicken, pineapple and sweetcorn. £3.10 Traditional Cheese and tomato £2.60 All our pizzas are available with traditional or wholemeal base Why not add some delicious extra toppings to your pizza? Or make a pizza to your own recipe. Extras Cheese, mushrooms, black olives, green peppers, sweetcorn, pineapple, chicken, onions, salami, tuna, mussels. 25p each Desserts Fruit salad and ice-cream £1.65

Lemon cheesecake £1.35 Traditional apple pie and cream £1.25 Ice-cream with chocolate sauce 75p Beverages Coffee 49p per cup Tea 45p per pot Hot chocolate 40p per cup Ice cold drinks Large Standard Cola 75p 60p Diet cola 75p 60p Lemonade 75p 60p Mineral water 65p per bottle Apple juice 70p Orange juice 60p Alcoholic drinks Beer 95p per bottle Red wine 99p per glass White wine 99p per glass Important note We can only serve alcoholic drinks with meals. We cannot serve alcoholic drinks to customers under 18 years of age. Families: see our special Children’s Menu. There is no service charge included in your bill. During busy periods we serve only meals. All prices include VAT. Take-away service: All our pizzas are available to take away at a 10% discount on menu prices.

1. Study this order. Make a list of all the ingredients the chef will need.

2×Jacket potato 1×Taste of the Sea

3×Garlic bread 1×Hawaiian style

2. Copy down the orders. What will each of the customers pay?

1) 2 customers, aged 14, had a starter, a pizza, a dessert, a cold drink and a hot drink

each. One took the cheapest possible meal, the other had the most expensive meal

possible.

2) A customer, aged 20, had a pizza with extra mushrooms and black olives. He had

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the second most expensive dessert. He didn’t buy a drink because he got a free one.

3. Choose your own meal. How much will it cost?

4. Find ten countable and ten uncountable words in the menu.

5. Design your own pizza to add to the menu. Give it a name and say what

it contains.

6. Kamala doesn’t eat meat. Which pizzas can she eat?

7. Here’s the waitress’s note

book. Make the dialogues for

the orders.

8. You are in the Pizza Palace. Order something from the menu.

9. Open your own restaurant to serve your favourite food. Make a menu

in English for your own restaurant.

� Describe which kinds of food and drink you will serve in your restaurant.

� Write them down and describe them. Give them prices and write down any

special charges.

� Give your restaurant a name

10. Serve some customers in your restaurant. Use the following menu list

as an example.

PIZZA PALACE ORDER table 10 2×the big one 1×fruit salad and ice cream2×pot tea table 5 1×traditional 1×standard lemonade 1×soup

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ADDITIONAL READING

Choosing a meal can be a problem sometimes because dishes are called

unknown foreign names. Do not guess - ask the waiter to help you.

Anthony’s 1306 High Street Dinners: 5:00 – 11:00 822-3247 for reservations Soups Desserts Chicken soup £1.50 Chocolate cake £1.25 Mushroom soup £1.75 Ice-cream £1.50 strawberry Starters vanilla chocolate Prawn cocktail £3.00 Stewed fruit

and cream £2.00

Stuffed mushrooms £2.50 Apple pie £1.00 Chicken liver in bacon £3.50 Cold salmon £5.50 Drinks Strong: Salads Champagne Glass £1.75 Italian salad with cheddar cheese £1.75 Bottle £7.00 Spring salad £1.50 French wines See the prices Chef’s salad (green salad with slices of turkey, chicken and ham)

£2.95 Italian wines In the price list

Scotch whisky Glass £1.50 Dinners Bottle £6.00 Vodka Glass £2.00 Chicken Kiev £6.30 Bottle £9.00 Filet of fish £6.00 Beer Can £1.00 Fried chicken £2.00 Roastbeef £5.50 Soft: Lamb chop £4.00 Orange juice £0.80 Assorted vegetables £2.00 Coke £0.60 Rice £1.50 Milk £0.40 Tea £0.50 Coffee £0.50

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Don’t let the number of knives, forks and spoons confuse you. It is simple

enough - use them in the order in which they are laid, the ‘place settings’ picture

below will help you.

Place settings

1) napkin; 2) plate; 3) bread and butter plate; 4) water glass; 5) wine gasses; 6)

cup and saucer; 7) fork and knife for the fish; 8) fork and knife for the main (meat)

course; 9) butter knife; 10) fork for dessert; 11) spoon for dessert; 12) spoon for

soup.

Text 1. A LIST OF DO’S AND DON’TS

Food comes first, then morals. Bertold Brecht

� Sit facing the table, don’t sit sideways. Keep your feet under you; don’t

stretch them all the way under the table. After stirring your tea remove the

spoon and place it on the saucer.

� Don’t use a spoon for what can be eaten with a fork.

� When eating stewed fruit use your spoon to put the stones on your saucer.

� Don’t put your knife into your mouth. Vegetables, potatoes, macaroni are

placed on your fork with the help of your knife.

� Cut your meat into small pieces that can be chewed with ease. Cut off one

piece at a time.

� If your food is too hot don’t blow on it as though you were trying to start a

campfire on a damp night.

� Your spoon, knife and fork are meant to eat with; they are not drumsticks

and should not be banged against your plate.

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� There is no rule about eating everything on your plate, to indicate that you

have had enough place knife and fork together, not crisscross.

� Try to make as little noise as possible when eating.

� Don’t sip your soup as though you wanted the whole house to hear.

� Don’t shovel food into your mouth. Take small maneuverable pieces.

� Don’t talk with your mouth full. First chew and then swallow.

� Don’t put your elbows on the table.

� Never lick your knife. You might cut your tongue. And never lick your

plate!

� Don’t pick your teeth in company after the meal even if toothpicks are

provided for the purpose.

� And, finally, don’t forget to say ‘thank you’ for every favour or kindness.

Exercise 1. Look at these pictures and say what rule has been broken

Exercise 2. Discuss which of the following habits you consider rude and

why. Which of them, if any, do you consider acceptable only at home and which

do you consider completely unacceptable?

− helping yourself to food without asking

− starting to eat before everyone is served

− picking at food with your hands

− reading at the meal table

− resting your elbows on the table

− reaching across the table in front of people

− leaving the table before other people have finished

− not thanking the cook

− wiping your plate clean with bread

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Text 2. TO BE OR NOT TO BE A VEGETARIAN

A strict vegetarian is a person who never in his life eats anything derived from

animals. The main objection to vegetarianism on a long-term basis is the difficulty of

getting enough protein – the body-building element in food. If you have ever been

without meat or other animal foods for some days or weeks (say, for religious reasons)

you will have noticed that you tend to get physically rather weak. You are glad when

the fast is over and you get your reward of a succulent meat meal.

Proteins are built up from approximately twenty food elements called ‘amino-

acids’, which are found more abundantly in animal protein than in vegetable protein.

This means you have to eat a great deal more vegetable than animal food in order to

get enough of these amino-acids. A great deal of the vegetable food goes to waste in

this process and from the physiological point of view there is not much to be said in

favour of life-long vegetarianism.

The economic side of the question, though, must be considered. Vegetable

food is much cheaper than animal food. However, since only a small proportion of

the vegetable protein is useful for body-building purposes, a consistent vegetarian,

if he is to gain the necessary 70 grams of protein a day, has to consume a greater

bulk of food than his digestive organs can comfortably deal with. In fairness,

though, it must be pointed out that vegetarians claim they need far less than 70

grams of protein a day.

Whether or not vegetarianism should be advocated for adults, it is definitely

unsatisfactory for growing children, who need more protein than they can get from

vegetable sources. A lacto-vegetarian diet, which includes milk and milk products

such as cheese, can, however, be satisfactory as long as enough milk and milk

products are consumed.

Meat and cheese are the best sources of usable animal protein and next come

milk, fish and eggs.

Slow and careful cooking of meat makes it more digestible and assists in the

breaking down of the protein content by the body. When cooking vegetables,

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however, the vitamins, and in particular the water-soluble vitamin C, should not be

lost through overcooking.

With fruit, vitamin loss is negligible, because the cooking water is normally

eaten along with the fruit, and acids in the fruit help to hold in the vitamin С.

Most nutrition experts today would recommend a balanced diet containing

elements of all foods, largely because of our need for sufficient vitamins. Vitamins

were first called ‘accessory food factors’ since it was discovered, in 1906, that most

foods contain, besides carbohydrates, fats, minerals and water these other substances

necessary for health. The most common deficiencies in Western diets today are –

those of vitamins. The answer is variety in food. A well-balanced diet having

sufficient amounts of milk, fruit, vegetables, eggs, and meat, fish or fowl (i.e. any

good protein source) usually provides adequate minimum daily requirements of all

the vitamins.

Fill in the numbered blanks from the selection of words given below. The

correct choices will complete the sense of this summary of the reading passage.

A strict vegetarian is a person who (1) _____ himself of any animal product.

The danger of (2) ______ this is that one may (3) ______ get enough protein.

Vegetables (4) ______ contain protein, however, and vegetarians claim that they

need (5) ______ than the 70 grams per day that some dieticians suggest (6) ______.

Growing children definitely need milk and milk products, so a (7) ______ diet is the

only satisfactory form of (8) ______ for them.

1. a) prevents b) deprives c) allows

2. a) making b) doing c) having

3. a) no b) not c) perhaps

4. a) do b) do not c) seldom

5 a) far more b) far less c) not less

6. a) necessarily b) necessity c) necessary

7. a) strict vegetarian b) non-vegetarian c) lacto-vegetarian

8. a) vegetable b) vegetarian c) vegetarianism

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Text 3. KEEPING FOOD FRESH

Food that is left open to the air will go bad unless something is done to keep it

fresh. Some foods go bad very quickly. Milk and other milk products will turn sour

in a few hours. Raw meat will go bad in about a day. Bread, cake and other similar

foods will go stale in a couple of days. Even many fruits and vegetables start to rot

in less than a week. It has always been important, therefore, to find ways of

preserving food in order to keep it fresh and delicious.

Some methods of preserving food very old. For example, food was dried,

smoked or salted thousands of years ago. But it was in the early nineteenth century

that many of the methods that we use today were invented.

In 1810, a Frenchman, Nicholas Appert, discovered a way of keeping food

fresh by putting it in bottles and glass jars. The bottled food was heated and no air

was allowed to get in. In 1834, Peter Durand, an Englishman, invented the process

of canning. He managed to preserve food in air-free metal cans. Finally, in 1851, an

American called John Gorrie invented a refrigerator, so that food could be kept cold

or frozen. Together, these three men and their inventions (bottled, canned and frozen

food) have had an enormous effect on what we eat and the way food is bought and

sold today.

Complete the paragraph with words taken from the passage. Use only one

word in each blank space.

There are many different ways of preserving food from going (1) ________ .

Some of them are (2) __________ of years old. Several important methods were

invented in the (3) ________ century. First, a Frenchman discovered a way to keep

(4) ___________ in glass (5) ________ . A few years later an Englishman invented

canning, in which food is preserved in air-free (6) ________ cans. Finally, John

Gorrie invented the (7) ________ . In the refrigerator, milk will take much longer to

turn (8) ________ and meat will take several days to (9) _________. And (10)

_________ food, which has been kept in the freezer, may not go bad for years.

Think about

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1) How many different ways of preserving food can you describe?

2) Are there any ways of preserving food that you think are bad for you?

What are they?

3) How and where do you keep the following foods in your home: cheese,

milk, bread, tea, coffee, fruit, fresh green vegetables, fresh fruit?

Text 4. DO YOU EAT THE RIGHT FOOD?

Before reading the text, answer these questions.

1. Do you worry about your weight?

2. If yes, do you consider yourself overweight or underweight?

3. Have you ever dieted?

4. How many of these statements are true of you?

♥ I’m male

♥ Other members of my family have had heart disease

♥ I smoke

♥ I don’t do much exercise

♥ I need to loose weight

♥ I’ve got a high level of cholesterol in my blood

Each true is a possible problem for your heart

What do we mean by a well-balanced diet? This is a diet that contains daily

servings from each of the basic food groups: meat, vegetable and fruit, milk, bread and

cereals. There’s no doubt that food tastes and preferences are established early in life.

No one is born a ‘sugar freak’ or a salt craver. An incredible statistic is that between 30

and 50% of all the calories eaten each day are consumed in the form of between-meal

snacks. Unfortunately, the usual between-meal foods are low in nutritive value and too

high in calories and refined sugar. Some excellent snacks that should always be

available are plain yogurt, carrots, and pieces of apple, cheese and natural fruit juice.

Eating yogurt as a snacks food is far healthier and more nutritionally sound than eating

so-called ‘junk’ foods, which are less nutritious and too high in sugar and calories.

Salted peanuts seem to be the least popular snack today.

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People who diet know that if they stick to a low-fat, high-fibre intake they

will be able to eat well without putting on weight. Instead of going on crash diets

they are learning to educate their stomachs by eating sensible food. They can still

enjoy chocolates and cream cakes once a week or so, but they know they have to cut

down their intake slightly the next day.

Research is indicating that ‘we are what we eat’. Recent work snows that

Italians, who tend to eat lots of fresh fruit and vegetables that contain vitamins and

E, have low levels of heart attacks. The Scots however, tend to have a diet that is

high in animal fat and low in fibre. Heart disease is a widespread problem in

Scotland.

Now evidence shows that it is especially vitamins С and E which control the

probability of attacks of angina - the severe chest pains which are usually a warning

of heart-disease. The value of vitamins С and E was shown in a recent survey of

Scotsmen. Scientists studied 110 people who suffered chest pain but had not

consulted their doctors or changed their diets. The results showed that the people

with low levels of each vitamin had experienced three and a half times more angina

than those in the control group of men who had not had chest pain. The answer

seems to be cut down on meat, cheese, lard and butter and tuck into fruit, vegetables,

olive oil, and other vitamin С and E - rich foods. ВВС ENGLISH

Read the questions below and find the answers in the text.

1) What is a well-balanced diet?

2) When do people establish their food tastes and preferences?

3) What sort of snacks are considered to be more health-giving?

4) What sort of diet is less likely to cause heart problems?

5) Which vitamins can be used to combat heart disease?

6) What is angina according to the text?

7) Which people mentioned seem to have an unhealthy diet?

8) What does a recent survey of the Scots tell us?

Make up short stories to prove the following proverbs.

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1) An apple a day keeps the doctor away.

2) After dinner sleep a while, after supper walk a mile.

3) Square meals often make round people.

4) Eat with pleasure, drink with measure.

5) Eat to live, but don’t live to eat.

Text 5. A BUSINESS LUNCH

Read the first part of this short story. Who do you think she was?

1. I was sitting in the Brasserie Pelmann in Lyon when, to my astonishment, she

came in the door. Our eyes met, but she looked as if she couldn’t quite remember if

we had met before, she said something to her partner but walked past and followed

the waiter to a table. I thought about the last time I had seen her here.

It was some years ago and I was having lunch on my own in the Brasserie. It

is a huge restaurant with over a hundred tables and full of busy people. It is not a

relaxing place. There are people talking, waiters shouting orders, and from the

kitchen comes the crash and clatter of plates and silver dishes. But above this noise a

young man at a desk under a blue neon sign Telephones silences the enormous room

every two or three minutes with a loudspeaker announcement calling someone to the

phone. It is all very noisy.

I ordered an omelette and a salad and looked around me. Although I was

alone, I was very happy watching the world go by. Every passerby had my attention,

but 1 particularly noticed one couple as they came in. She was young, blonde, full of

life, and very attractive. He, by contrast, seemed older and less vital. As they walked

past she seemed to look at me with a moment’s extreme interest. Then she pointed to

a table near mine and suggested they sat over there.

Every few minutes during the meal, I looked over to their table. She talked

and laughed all the time, but by the end of the meal, the man was looking very

bored. I wondered how long they had known each other. Suddenly he got up and

walked away. I heard her ask him where he was going. He replied that he had a call

to make and walked over to the telephones by the main door. I watched her sitting

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alone for a while. Perhaps I was mistaken but I thought she looked towards me on

several occasions.

Some time later, I called for my bill and paid. As I was leaving, I saw that the

young woman was still there, but there was no sign of her partner. I walked over to

her. She was crying. ‘Can I do anything to help?’ I asked.

She looked up at me with tears in her eyes. ‘The man I came here with has

disappeared. And I don’t have any money to pay the bill.’

I went over to the waiter and explained the situation. He looked worried.

‘There’s nothing I can do. If she doesn’t pay the hill, the manager will take it from

my wages.’

‘All right, I’ll pay.’ The bill was enormous. I took out my wallet and paid.

Then I turned round. But the woman disappeared. I felt foolish and five

hundred francs poorer.

Years later, she looked older, a little larger, but still just as attractive. I

watched as she and her partner took their seats, ordered and enjoyed their meal.

Alter a while, I saw the man rise and leave her. I wondered if history was going to

repeat itself. Then I saw her looking at me. What should I do?

What do you think he should do? How do you think the story ends?

Write the end of the story in your own words.

2. I asked the waiter for my bill. When he gave it to me, I didn’t pay but walked

over to the man at the telephone desk. ‘I wonder if you could help me, please.’ I said

and then explained. ‘Of course. I will do anything you say, monsieur ...’ and

hesitated. I tore a hundred franc note in two and gave half to him. Then I went over

to the object of my fascination.

‘Excuse me, but do you remember me?’ I asked her. She looked at me.

‘No, I don’t think so,’ she replied, not sure but interested.

‘My name’s Peter Charles. Some years ago I paid the bill for your meal here.

But you left without saying goodbye.’

She looked down and said nothing. Then she said, ‘What do you want?’

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‘Has he left you again?’ 1 asked.

‘No My husband has just gone to the phone,’ she replied.

‘Look,’ I said, ‘it was a long time ago. Don’t worry. I’ve forgotten about it.

Why don’t I pay for your meal again, just like last time?’ I placed my own bill with

the bill on their table, and called to the waiter to add them together. She looked

nervous.

Suddenly, above the noise of the restaurant, there was an announcement.

‘Monsieur Charles, on vous demande au telephone.’

‘Excuse me,’ I said, ‘that’s for me. I’ll be back.’ I walked to the telephones

and gave the young man at the desk the other half of the hundred-franc note. Then I

saw the woman’s husband leaving a phone box.

‘Enjoy your meal,’ I said to him. He looked at me, puzzled, as I left.

READING FOR FUN

1. Read this once without using a dictionary. Then read it again with a

dictionary if you like.

If you are invited to an English home, at five о’clock in the morning you get a

cup of tea. You must not say go away. On the contrary you have to say, with your

best five о clock smile ‘Thank you so much I love a cup of early morning tea,

especially early in the morning’.

Then you have tea for breakfast; then you have tea at eleven o’clock in the

morning; then after lunch; then you have tea for tea then after supper; and again at

eleven o’clock at night

You must not refuse tea under the following circumstances: if it is hot; if it is

cold; if you are tired if anybody thinks that you might be tired; if you are nervous; if

you are happy; before you go out; if you are out; if you have just returned home; if

you have had no tea for some time; if you have just had a cup.

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You definitely must not follow my example. I sleep at five o’clock in the

morning. I have coffee for breakfast. I drink innumerable cups of black coffee during

the day.

The other day for instance I wanted a cup of coffee and a piece of cheese for

tea. It was a very hot day and my wife made some cold coffee and put it in the

refrigerator where it froze solid On the other hand she left the cheese on the kitchen

table where it melted. So I had a piece of coffee and a glass of cheese.

(from How to be an Alien by George Mikes – adapted)

2. Tea

The English know how to make tea and what it does for you. Seven cups of it

wake you up in the morning; nine cups will put you to sleep at night.

If you are hot tea will cool you off, and if you are cold, it will warm you up.

If you take it in the middle of the morning it will stimulate you for further

work; if you drink it in the afternoon, it will relax you for further thought. Then, of

course, you should drink lots of it in off hours.

The test of good tea is simple. If a spoon stands up in it, then it is strong

enough; if the spoon starts to wobble it is a feeble makeshift.

3. British beer or

Instant English Units Language Level

1 pint No change to your English

2 pints Your English goes up a level

3 pints Your English goes up a level (but grammar disappears)

4 pints You become very fluent, but start mixing English with

your own language

5 pints You discover you can sing in English, and are brilliant at

karaoke

6 pints You suddenly know lots of taboo words \in English

(fortunately, no-one else seems to understand them)

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7 pints You can’t speak English at all (and also forget your own

language)

over 7 You start speaking American English

4

− What is worse than finding a worm in your apple?

− Finding half a worm in your apple.

Young wife: Do you think I’m a good cook, darling?

Husband: I think you are perfect.

Wife: Which of the dishes do you like best?

Husband: Tinned lobsters, my darling.

‘What’s the matter with you?’ the wife demanded. ‘Monday you liked beans,

Tuesday you liked beans, Wednesday you liked beans, now Thursday, all of a

sudden, you don’t like beans!’

Husband: What! No supper ready? This is the limit! I’m going to the restaurant.

(angrily)

Wife: Wait just five minutes.

Husband: Will it be ready then?

Wife: No, but then I’ll go with you.

5

What apples never grow in the apple-tree?

What eggs have leaves and stem?

What chews meat before you can eat it?

How can you divide six apples among seven hungry people?

Name five thing that have milk in them.

6. Read the text and answer the comprehension questions that follow.

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A FUNNY THING HAPPENED TO ME

A funny thing happened to me last Friday. I’d gone into Chicago to do some

shopping. I wanted to get some Christmas presents, and I needed to find a book for

my psych course (I'm a junior at Northwestern University in Evanston). I had got to

the city early, so by early afternoon I’d bought everything that I wanted. Anyway,

I’m not crazy about downtown Chicago – all the noise and traffic and strange people

- and Id made plans for that night. I just wanted to get in my car and drive home

before the rush hour, but I felt really tired: I decided that I had time for a cup of

coffee and a short rest. I bought a Tribune and went into a small cafeteria near the

garage where I had parked my car. I got a cup of coffee and a package of doughnuts

– glazed doughnuts. I’m crazy about glazed doughnuts. There were plenty of empty

tables, and I found one near the window. I sat down and started the crossword puzzle

in the paper. I always enjoy doing crossword puzzles.

A few minutes later a woman sat down across me at my table. That surprised

me because there were several empty tables. There was nothing strange about her

except that she was very tall. In fact, she looked like a typical businessman – you

know, conservative suit, briefcase – even a tie. I didn’t say anything. I just kept

doing the crossword. Suddenly she reached across the table, opened my package of

doughnuts, took one out, dunked it in her coffee, and began to eat it. I couldn’t

believe my eyes! I was too shocked to say anything. Anyway, I didn’t want to make

a scene, so I decided to ignore it. I always avoid troubles if I can. I just took a

doughnut myself and went back to my crossword.

When the woman took a second doughnut I didn’t make a sound. I pretended

to be very interested in the puzzle. A few minutes later I casually put out my hand,

took the last doughnut and glanced at the woman. She was staring at me furiously. I

nervously started eating the doughnut and decided to leave. I was ready to get up and

go when the woman suddenly pushed back her chair, stood up, and hurried out of the

cafeteria. I felt very relieved and decided to wait for two or three minutes before

145

going myself. I finished my coffee, folded my newspaper and stood up. And there on

the place where my paper had been, was a package of doughnuts.

Answer the questions

1) Did the girl go into Chicago to do some shopping or on a pleasure trip?

2) What did she want to buy?

3) Did she enjoy or hate going to Chicago on the weekend?

4) Did the girl drop in at a cafeteria or a restaurant?

5) Was the cafeteria empty or crowded?

Go on with the questions on your own.

Retell the story in the name of the woman.

Develop the plot of the story inventing

a) another end of the story

b) further events in the life of the main characters.


What about restaurants in your country, and your own taste in food?

Answer these questions about yourself and your country.

1 What does your usual breakfast (dinner, supper) consist of?

2. What are your favourite dishes?

3. Are you a good cook?

4. Give a recipe of one of the dishes you can cook best.

5. Do you always eat at home or do you sometimes dine out?

6. When did you last go to a restaurant? Did you like the service and the cooking?

7. Do you normally need to book a restaurant in advance?

8. Is it common to give the waiter a tip? If so, how much?

9. Do you normally eat three courses in a restaurant? If not, how many courses do

you normally have?

10. How many of these do you normally find on the table in a restaurant in your

country: salt, pepper, oil, vinegar, napkins?

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11. Generally, do you add more salt to your food when you eat in restaurants?

12. Would you say that food in your country is very spicy?

13. Would you say that food in your country is generally quite fattening?

14. Which of Grodno restaurants do you prefer? Why?

15. Have you ever traveled abroad? How did you find the food in the countries you

visited?

16. What is the refectory in your University like? Do you often have your meal

there?

17. Describe something that people eat every day in your country. How is it

prepared?

18. Many people find it very convenient to have dinner at a canteen or a café on

week-days. Are you of the same opinion? Why?

19. Is it convenient to have a party at a restaurant rather than at home. No trouble at

all. All pleasure and fun. What do you think of it?

20. You have invited your friends to your house for a meal. One of them, you know,

is a strict vegetarian. You prepare some salad, then realize you used some boiled

ham in its preparation. It is too late to do anything about it. What would you do?

21. You are in an exotic restaurant. You ask the waiter to bring you something

special. When he comes back you ask him what it is. – ‘Fried frogs’. What would

you do?

Role play the following situations.

1) You are a waiter in a busy restaurant. One of your customers keeps calling you

over and changing his order.

2) Your friend has just arrived in this country and you are taking him out to eat.

When the soup arrives, he sips from the bowl rather than using the spoon offered.

Try to explain politely that customs are different here and that using a spoon is more

appropriate.

3) You have just finished your meal at the restaurant. Your waiter brings the check,

you realise you don’t have enough money with you to pay the bill.

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4) You ordered Steak Tartare not knowing that it is uncooked meat. When you see

what it is, you know you cannot eat it. Although you do not want to appear ignorant,

you must talk to the waiter. What do you say?

5) One of your customers wants to change her order after you have brought it to her.

Explain to the customer that the order cannot be changed, it is restaurant policy.

6) Your waiter trips and drops a full tray in your lap. You are covered with food.

Ask if the waiter or restaurant will pay the bill for dry cleaning your clothes.

7) You are walking to your table. Accidentally, you hit someone’s arm and that

person spills hot coffee all over himself.

8) You are waiting for a table at a restaurant. The host is not paying attention to your

group and is letting others in ahead of you. Tell the host that you have been waiting

for a long time and that it is your turn.

9) You are in a very elegant restaurant with a date that you want to impress. The waiter

brings you the bill, and you see that you have been overcharged. What do you do?

10) You are supposed to meet an important client at a posh restaurant.

Unfortunately, you did not know that there is a dress code. When you arrive at the

restaurant, the doorkeeper refuses to admit you because you are not appropriately

dressed. Convince the doorkeeper to let you in.

11) You are with a friend who is eating and talking at the same time. You find this

embarrassing and disgusting. Ask your friend not to talk with a mouth full of food.

148

CINEMA

VOCABULARY

(the) cinema (n): go to the cinema / to the pictures

cinema-goer (n), movie-goer (n)

be on (v): What’s on at the Odeon today?

ticket (n)

film (picture, Am. movie) (n): a realistic / dull / boring / absorbing / gripping /

exciting / thrilling / moving / entertaining / amusing / sentimental /

delightful/ charming film

The film is boring in spots.

This film is more moving than that.

The film has had a successful run.

The film runs for many years. = The film has a long run.

The film is based on S. Bronte’s play of the same name.

a silent film

a sound film (syn. a talkie)

a technicolour (colour) film

a feature film

documentary (n)

cartoon (n)

newsreel (n): We were shown a newsreel beforehand.

trailer (n)

a wide-screen film

advertisement (n)

a three-dimensional film

a nine-reel film

a full-length film

a short film

149

subtitles (syn. captions) (n): The subtitles distract the attention of one.

the title of the film

the script of a film: The script was written by the well-known film producer

S. Spielberg.

scriptwriter (n)

plot (n)

scene (syn. shot) (n): The first scenes of the film are set in a small village.

I like the open-air scenes with their breathtaking beauty.

These shorts are unique documents.

episode (n)

a screen adaptation / version

to direct a film

to shoot a film: The third part is still being shot.

to show a film

to release a film: It’s one of the best pictures ever released in our country.

A new film featuring N. Kidman has been released.

to dub a film: In what language is the film dubbed?

screen (v): The film is currently being screened at the Saturn.

action (n): The action is slow- (swift-) moving.

film star (n)

star (v): The film in which Nicolas Cage stars hasn’t been released yet.

review (n)

reviewer (n)

award (v): This film was awarded the festival’s first prize.

success (n), successful (adj): The film has had a successful run.

It was a great success the world over.

a work of art: It’s a real work of art.

masterpiece (n): It is a masterpiece of Belarusian cinema art.

to be familiar with: I am familiar with the plot.

150

Inside a cinema has: stalls (n) / balcony (n) / rows of seats / screen (n) /

foyer (n) / box-office (n)

You can sit: at the front / at the back / at the side / in the centre / in the

middle

You can go to: an evening performance / matinee (n) / the nine o’clock

performance / the two o’clock performance, etc.

EXERCISES

Exercise 1. Put each of the following words in its correct place in the

passage below.

A.

Fiona and I went to the 1)_______ the other day to see Devil at the Odeon.

The 2)_______ by the Daily Express 3)_______ was good, and we decided to go

to the 8 o’clock 4)_______. When I arrived, Fiona was waiting for me in the

5)_______ , looking at a 6)_______ for Devil on the wall. The 7)_______ took

our tickets and showed us to our seats. I don’t like to be too close to the

8)_______ and I usually sit in the back 9)_______ if possible, and I prefer a seat

on the 10)_______ so I can stretch my legs. Before the main film there was a

Mickey Mouse 11)_______, then a 12)_______ for the following week’s film.

Devil was a 13)_______ film and I was quite terrified, but Fiona thought it was

funny.

B.

Marlon Brando is a superb actor and in ‘On the Waterfront’ he gave his

finest 1) _______. It is his best-known 2) _______. The 3) _______ also

included Eva Marie Saint and Karl Malden and the film’s 4) _______, Elia

Kazan, never made a better film. Parts of the film were shot in the 5) _______ in

Hollywood, but a lot was made on 6) _______ in the streets of New York, which

cinema performance foyer aisle trailer cartoon

critic usherette poster row screen horror review

documentary location role director cast

box office studio critical performance plot

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makes it at times like a 7) _______. The critics loved the film but it was not only

a 8) _______ success. It was a great 9) _______ success as well, and made an

enormous profit. The 10) _______ is about a young man’s attempt to be a

boxing champion.

Exercise 2. Put one of the following prepositions in each space in the

sentences below.

to in on at for

1) It wasn’t made ____ location.

2) It was made ____ the studio.

3) Is there a good film ____ tonight?

4) What’s ____ ____ the Odeon?

5) He likes to sit ____ the aisle.

6) It happened ____ the beginning of the film.

7) There was a trailer ____ the next week’s film.

8) Let’s go ____ the cinema.

9) This film is based ____ a book.

10) I like to sit ____ the back

11) She prefers to sit ____ the front.

12) We were shown ____ our seats ____ the third row.

13) Sometimes the cast list comes ____ the end of the film.

Exercise 3. Read the definitions below, then write the numbers 1-15

next to the following types of film.

action / adventure film

cartoon

comedy

drama

disaster movie

fantasy film

foreign film

horror film

juvenile film

love story

musical

science fiction film

thriller

war film

western

1) a film dealing with major disasters, such as earthquakes, large fires,

plane crashes, etc.

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2) in this film love and romance are the key elements

3) a film which deals with some aspect of war

4) any non English-speaking film

5) in this film excitement is generated from action sequences

6) a film aimed at children and young people

7) a film which is intended to make people laugh

8) a film about the American wild west, usually with cowboys, Indians

and gunfights

9) a film set in the future and often deals with space travel, robots, etc.

10) a film which characters and situations do not exist in real life; often

deals with magic and mystery, fantastic voyages, etc.

11) a very dramatic film where tension is deliberately maintained and

suspense is a characteristic feature of the plot

12) in this film the focus is on human relationships rather than action

13) a film which main aim is to terrify audience

14) a film made by photographing drawings rather than using live actors;

also called an animated film

15) a film where the emphasis is on music; it usually contains lots of

songs

Exercise 4. A. Look at these words. Do they describe a positive (+) or

a negative (-) reaction?

dreadful____

excellent____

fantastic____

horrible ____

marvellous___

outstanding___

pathetic____

superb____

B. Add these words to the word map.

boring disgusting fascinating odd pointless ridiculous

silly terrible terrific unusual weird wonderful

C. Use some of the adjectives above to describe the most recent film

you’ve seen.

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awful

exciting

stupid

strange

FOCUS ON GRAMMAR

Past participles

I’m interested in old books.

I was bored by the book.

I was surprised by the film’s ending.

Present participles

Old films are interesting.

The book was boring.

The film’s ending was surprising.

Exercise 1. Complete these sentences with the past or present

participle of the words in brackets.

1) I’m not _______ in horror films. (interest)

2) I find nature films _______. (fascinate)

3) I’m _______ with watching films. (bore)

4) I didn’t like Batman at all. I’m ______ that it was so successful.

(surprise)

5) Star Wars was a really _______ film. (excite)

6) Meryl Streep is a very _______ actress. (interest)

7) I’m _______ by Stephen King’s novel. (fascinate)

8) I thought The Russia House was a _______ book. (bore)

9) It’s _______ they don’t make many westerns these days. (surprise)

REACTIONS

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Now write six sentences like the ones above about films, actors,

actresses or novels. Then compare with a partner. Does your partner

agree?

Exercise 2. Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets as in

the example.

Example: I think science fiction is fascinating. (fascinated)

I’m fascinated by science fiction.

1) I was really bored by the book. (find / boring)

2) Les Miserables is a musical. It was based on a book by Victor Hugo.

(which)

3) Do you find the cinema interesting? (interested)

4) The end of the film was quite surprising. (surprised)

5) Leonard Bernstein was a composer. He wrote the music for West Side

Story. (who)

6) What kinds of films do you like best? (favourite)

Commonly confused time phrases:

in / at the beginning, in / at the end, first / at first, after / afterwards / after all

Exercise 3. Study the sentences. Which is correct, a) or b)?

1. a) At the beginning of the film he is unhappily married.

b) In the beginning of the film he is unhappily married.

2. a) The play was very bad. At the end, we left at the interval.

b) The play was very bad. In the end, we left at the interval.

3. a) I didn’t like him at first but then I changed my mind.

b) I didn’t like him first but then I changed my mind.

4. a) We had an enormous meal. After, I felt quite ill.

b) We had an enormous meal. Afterwards, I felt quite ill.

5. a) So you see, I was right after everything.

b) So you see, I was right after all.

Exercise 4. Complete the sentences below using one of these phrases.

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in the end after all at the end

at first at the beginning afterwards

1) … I thought it was a ghost but then I saw it was a man in a white coat!

2) We had a coffee in a bar and … we went to a film.

3) We’re leaving … of January, on January 31st, in fact.

4) It was a very confusing story. … I didn’t know which country he was

spying for.

5) I see. So you didn’t go to the cinema … !

6) He’s always got money … of the holidays but he never has anything at

the end.

Future Perfect

Tom and Ann are going to the cinema.

The film begins at 7.30 and it is

already 7.20. It will take them 20

minutes to get there. When they get

there the film will have already

started.

Future Perfect Continuous

– How long has Mark been starring in

films?

– By the end of next month, he will

have been starring in films for six

years.

Exercise 5. Put the verbs in brackets into the future perfect or the

future perfect continuous.

1) By 3 o’clock, she _______ (study) for six hours.

2) By the end of next month, Sam _______ (finish) the project.

3) He _______ (not / start) painting the kitchen before Tuesday.

4) By the time she arrives in Paris, she _______ (travel) for four hours.

5) I hope I _______ (buy) my own house by the time I’m thirty-five.

6) By Saturday, Lisa _______ (diet) for two weeks.

7) Hopefully, they _______ (learn) everything by the time they sit the

exam.

8) By 4 o’clock, I _______ (sit) in the hairdresser’s for three hours.

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9) By Christmas, I _______ (work) for this company for eighteen

months.

10) By next weekend, Brian _______ (move) house.

11) Hopefully, the builders _______ (finish) building the house by next

month.

12) By Tuesday, Alan _______ (sail) for twelve days.

13) By tomorrow morning, she _______ (sleep) for twelve hours.


Exercise 1. Answer the questions using the lexical table below.

Is cinema a popular art nowadays? Do you like going to the cinema?

What about your family and friends? What role does cinema play in your life?

What role does cinema play in your life?

Cinema is important because it… widens our outlook

educates our feelings

enriches our knowledge

entertains us

Cinema is the most… available / amusing / instructive / effective

/ convenient / helpful / useful / informative

/ eventful means of art

Cinema can… move our feelings

establish close contacts between people

create the atmosphere for thinking

It’s the source of… valuable information

exciting scenes

burning social problems

awaking one’s interest

Exercise 2. ‘Cinema attitudes’ questionnaire. Think of an old person

that you know quite well, for example a grandparent or neighbour. Which

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of the following statements on the cinema would he/she agree with. Write 0

against any statement he/she would have totally agreed with at that time

and 5 against any statement they would have totally disagreed with. Put 1,

2, 3 or 4 to show intermediate attitudes.

1) Going to the cinema occupies time that should be spent in a more

wholesome recreation.

2) I am tired of films – I have seen to many poor ones.

3) Films are the most important cause of crime.

4) I think films are fairly interesting.

5) Films are just a harmless pastime.

6) Going to the cinema to me is just a way to kill time.

7) The influence of the cinema is decidedly for good.

8) Films increase one’s appreciation of beauty.

9) Films are wholly bad for children.

10) The cinema is the best cheap entertainment.

Now choose some statements that people of your age might agree

with.

Exercise 3. In pairs, ask each other the following questions:

How often do you go to the cinema?

Do you prefer to watch a film at the cinema or on video? Why?

Do you think television and videos influence the popularity of cinema? In

what way?

Which of the two arts cinema or theatre is more popular? Why do you

think so?

What are the most popular cinemas in the place where you live? Where

are they situated?

What war or historical films do you know? Do you like such films?

What famous cartoons were made in Russia? In the USA? Can you say a

few words about their characters?

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Do you think small children should be allowed to watch horror films?

Why (not)?

Why do you think a lot of people are interested in documentaries?

If you watch a film in another language, do you prefer it to have subtitles

or a voiceover? Why?

Exercise 4. A. These three films in English are showing at a cinema

near you. Which announcement sounds the most interesting? What do the

numbers in brackets mean?

Chocolat (12)

Juliette Binoche and Johnny Depp find romance in a small French village

where life changes for all the inhabitants when Binoche decides to open a

chocolate shop during Lent. Well worth seeing.

Gladiator (15)

Oscar-winner Russell Crowe shows real star quality in this monumental

epic set in the ancient Roman Empire. The costumes and special effects are

magnificent. Definitely worth seeing.

Enemy at the Gates (15)

A wartime story set in Stalingrad. Jude Law is an expert shot, Joseph

Fiennes is his close friend, and Rachel Weisz is the woman caught between the

two. Interesting for fans of action films.

B. Read the dialogue. Which film do Jim and Jane decide to go and

see?

Expressing preferences

Jim Which film should we go and see?

Jane I’d prefer to go and see ‘Enemy at the Gates’. What about you?

Jim I think I’d rather see ‘Gladiator’ than ‘Enemy at the Gates’. I don’t like

war films.

Jane I’m sure I’d enjoy ‘Chocolat’ more than ‘Gladiator’. They say it’s very

good.

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Jim OK, let’s go and see ‘Chocolat’ then.

C. You and your friend have decided to go out before or after going

to the cinema. Suggest what else you might do for the evening.

Read the dialogue what else have Jim and Jane decided to do?

Making suggestions

Jane Why don’t we go for something to eat before the film?

Jim Good idea. What about going to that new café? But let’s go after

the film, shall we?

Jane OK, see you later.

What ways of expressing preferences and giving suggestions do Jim

and Jane use?

D. Find another partner. Plan a night out: you want to go to the

cinema, choose a film you’d like to see and express your preferences. You

would also like to visit some other place, make suggestions.

Suggestions and preferences

How to ask for a suggestion:

What shall we

would you like to

do you want to

do tonight?

How to make a suggestion?

What (how) about

Do you feel like

going to the pictures?

Shall we

Let’s

Why don’t we

Why not

Would you like to

spend the weekend in Brighton?

How to accept a suggestion:

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Yes, good idea.

that’s a marvellous idea.

that would be nice.

that seems all right.

How to reject a suggestion:

No, I’m afraid I can’t.

I’m sorry I can’t.

I don’t really feel like going to the

pictures.

Well, I’d rather not if you don’t mind.

How to make a counter-suggestion:

Well, I’d rather

I’d prefer to

go to the pictures (pub) if

you don’t mind.

How to express preferences

I prefer apples

watching TV

to

oranges

listening to records

I’d prefer to

rather

go to the cinema than (go) to the

theatre

READING ACTIVITY

Exercise 1. A. Is the British cinematography as popular as the

American one? Have their roles changed over the history of the cinema?

B. Work in pairs. Choose two decades from the text each. Read the

texts and try to remember as much as you can about what they tell you.

C. Close the books and tell your partner about your two decades.

When you have both finished, open your books and read the whole text.

A HISTORY OF BRITISH CINEMA

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The history of British cinema over the last forty or fifty years is one of

ups-and-downs, successes and failures. Here are just a few of them.

The ‘swinging sixties’. The 1960s was a great decade for British films,

there was a worldwide interest in British fashion, youth culture and the English.

British directors started making films showing ‘Swinging London’ such as a

Hard Day’s Night starring the Beatles, and Alfie starring Michael Caine as a

working class cockney. This attracted money from the United States into the

British cinema. The first James Bond film in 1962 was the beginning of one of

the most successful series of films in British cinema history. European directors

like the young Polish director Roman Polanski came to ‘Hollywood, England’.

The sad seventies. In the 1970s, everything changed. The Americans

spent too much money on making films, had several box-office failures and

went back to America, leaving the British cinema industry without any money.

Big British film companies even started putting money into American films.

The mixed eighties. The 1980s saw the success of films like Chariots of

Fire, and the great epic Ghandi. However, the story of the British cinema in the

1980s was really about the relationship between the cinema and TV. TV

channels started putting money into the film industry and even making films

such as My Left Foot. Some people saw it as the beginning of a new relationship

between the cinema and the TV industries – but others said that the arrival of

TV meant the end of the cinema.

The successful nineties. In the 1990s, Four Wedding and a Funeral hit

the big screen and was very successful around the world. This was followed by

big hits like Sliding Doors and Notting Hill. Some people claimed that British

cinema was back.

Nowadays. The big blockbuster films that are made in Britain today, such

as Billy Elliot look British and sound British, but are almost always made by

American money and often by American directors. The question is, is there

anything that can truly be called the British film industry any more?

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Exercise 2. A. Guess if the statements are true or false before reading

about films in contemporary Britain then read the text and check your

answers.

a) Britain has got about three thousand cinemas.

b) In mid-1950s there were about twenty-five million cinema-goers in

Britain while in mid-1980s – about 200 thousand.

c) The number of cinema-goers hasn’t risen since mid-1980s.

d) British film companies are now making more feature films.

e) Films under the category ‘PG’ are suitable for people of all ages.

FILMS IN CONTEMPORARY BRITAIN

There are about 1300 cinema screens in Britain. About half of these are

operated by three large commercial cinema chains. Cinema attendance declined

rapidly between the mid-1950s and the early 1980s. By 1983 the regular cinema

audience was about 5 per cent of what it had been in 1954, when it was about 25

million. Major reasons for this decline have been competition with television

viewing and the rapid increase in the use of home video-cassette recorders.

The British film industry, however, has undergone a revival. British

films, actors, creative and technical film services have been achieving notable

successes at international film festivals. Attendances have started to rise again

since 1984. Following the earlier decline, the number of new feature films being

made by British film companies is now increasing. This increase is due in part to

the growing involvement of television companies such as Channel 4 in film

production and to the success of certain low-budget films.

The development of film and television as an art form is promoted by the

British Film Institute, which was founded in 1933. The Institute offers direct

financial and technical help to new and experienced film-makers who cannot

find support elsewhere.

The British Film Institute administers the National Film Theatre in

London, which has two cinemas showing films of outstanding historical,

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artistic or technical interest and is unique in offering programmes which are

unrestricted by commercial considerations or by the age or nationality of the

films. It is the National Film Theatre that stages the London Film Festival each

autumn, at which about 180 of the finest new films from all over the world are

screened.

British Film Year was launched in April 1985. Its main aims were to

encourage cinema-going, to develop the use of films as a medium of education,

and to promote British films and British film-making ability overseas.

Local authorities have powers to license cinemas and censor films. In

considering the suitability of films the local authorities normally rely on the

judgement of the British Board of Film Classification. Films passed by the

Board are put into one of five categories: ‘U’, meaning ‘universal’ – suitable for

all; ‘PG’, meaning ‘paternal guidance’ in which some scenes may be unsuitable

for young children; ‘15’ and ‘18’ for people of not less than 15 and 18 years of

age respectively; and ‘Restricted 18’, for restricted showing only at segregated

premises to which no one under 18 is admitted.

B. Match the words from the text with their synonyms.

1) increase (n)

2) restricted

3) unique

4) to found

5) notable

6) to launch

7) rapidly

8) judgment

a) to establish

b) opinion

c) great

d) narrow

e) to begin

f) growth

g) quickly

h) single

C. Guess the meaning of the words in bold in the text.

D. Write six questions to the text. Ask and answer the questions in

pairs.

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E. Talking about your country. In pairs or small groups, discuss the

following questions.

� Who are the great film stars and directors in your country?

� How important are TV and video films in your home?

� What do you think will happen to the cinema in the future?

Exercise 3. A. Read about cinemas in London and choose the most

suitable heading (A-G) for each paragraph of the article. There is one extra

heading which you do not need to choose.

A The stars come out at night

B Films on a budget

C A London classic

D The latest technology

E A big night out

F See the films first

G Arty

CINEMAS IN LONDON

If you want to go out to the cinema in London you will be spoilt for

choice. From cutting edge art-house movies to Hollywood blockbusters, there is

something to suit everybody’s taste, and wallet.

1)_______________

It can be difficult to go to the cinema in London, because there are too

many films and cinemas to choose from! Most of the central cinemas are around

Leicester Square, showing big blockbuster movies. There’s lots of information

telling you what’s on if you look on the Internet or in ‘Time Out’ magazine. But

be warned – seeing a film can be an expensive night out in the centre of town!

2)_______________

The cheapest cinema in Leicester Square is ‘The Prince Charles’. This

cinema often shows films a few weeks later than some of the others, so if you

don’t mind being a bit behind the times and want to save some money this could

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be the place for you. If you become a member (£5 per year) you can see films

from as little as £1.50, very good value for money!

3)_______________

Leicester Square is also the home to star studded opening nights. People

think waiting (often out in the cold) is worth a quick look at Tom Cruise, Julia

Roberts or Brad Pitt as they step out of their Limousines to attend the first night

of their new movie. Watch out for the screaming fans.

4)_______________

There are other smaller art-house cinemas in town; one of these is ‘Metro

Cinema’ on Rupert Street in Soho. It shows a wide variety of movies but tends

not to show more mainstream films. These films are made by independent

filmmakers and are not aimed at mass audiences.

5)_______________

Every year London has it’s own film festival in November, you can see

lots of premieres, listen to directors discussing the film and maybe see some

stars too! You usually need to book tickets well in advance.

6)_______________

London’s oldest Cinema institution is the NFT (National Film Theatre). In

October 2002 it celebrated its 50th birthday. It shows all kinds of films from

silent classics to film festival hits. Many big name film-makers have visited it,

from Woody Allen to Quentin Tarantino.

As you can see, going to the cinema in London requires a lot of thinking

about, maybe you want to see a famous star, or perhaps a film by your favourite

director, or just sit, eat popcorn and enjoy the latest Hollywood action movie. If

you take the time to look, there’s something for everyone.

B. Match the words from the text with their definitions.

1) art-house or arty

2) director

a) the place where you see a film

b) a big (often Hollywood) movie, which makes a

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3) silent classic

4) blockbuster

5) mainstream

6) film star

7) film maker

8) cinema

9) film festival

10) premiere

lot of money

c) by independent or smaller film makers (often

foreign language)

d) a film made for a big audience

e) opening night – the first night a film is shown to

the public

f) the man who shouts ‘Action!’

g) lots of new films are shown for a week or two,

prizes are given

h) someone who makes films

i) an old film with no sound that everyone knows

j) famous film actor

C. Answer the questions.

1. What would be the best title for the article?

a) A guide to London cinema

b) Hollywood versus art-house

c) Hollywood comes to London

2. Why is it a problem to see a film in London?

a) There are not enough cinemas

b) There is too much choice

c) It is too expensive

3. Why do Hollywood stars go to Leicester Square?

a) To see an opening night of their film

b) To go shopping

c) Because they want to see a film

4. Which adjective, used to describe films, is the ‘odd-one-out’?

a) mainstream

b) blockbuster

c) art-house

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5. Which cinema has been around the longest?

a) The Prince Charles

b) The Curzon

c) The NFT

6. Why is the NFT so popular?

a) It shows up-to-date, modern films

b) It shows a range of films from cinema history

c) It is good value for money

D. Group work. Compare cinemas in London with those in your

native town.

E. Write about cinemas in your native town.

Exercise 4. A. Read the film descriptions below, then decide what

type of film each one is. Write your answers under each title.

Danny, the Champion of the World (1989)

1 Type: ____________

Set in the 1950s, this tells the story of Danny, a 9-year-old living with his

father. When their peaceful life in a caravan is threatened by a local developer

who has bought all the surrounding land except their tiny plot, the boy finds a

way to teach him a lesson. A nicely made and fun film for kids.

The Time Guardian (1987)

2 Type: ____________

Imaginative tale about a group of time-travellers from the future who

arrive in a small Australian town to tell inhabitants that unstoppable killer

cyborgs from the 40th century are on their way.

Platoon (1986)

3 Type: ____________

A realistic look at the experiences of a front-line American soldier in

Vietnam that says what has been said many times before: war is hell and

meaningless.

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Earthquake (1974)

4 Type: ____________

An epic tale with a star-studded cast about the destruction of Los Angeles,

as the most catastrophic earthquake of all time rips through Southern California,

affecting the lives of all who live there. Excellent special effects make up for the

tedious and clichéd plot.

Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981)

5 Type: ____________

Steven Spielberg’s all-action blockbuster with Harrison Ford as Indiana

Jones, who is sent to find the legendary biblical Ark of the Covenant before it

can be stolen and used by the Nazis in their plans for world domination. A

spectacular multi-million dollar version of the 1930s Saturday morning serials,

and it works so well because of everybody’s enthusiasm and sense of fun.

Hour of the Gun (1967)

6 Type: ____________

Intriguing film starring James Garner as Wyatt Earp, the lawman who

took on the Clanton gang at the OK Corral. Following the infamous gunfight,

which left only half of the bandits dead, Earp rides off to bring the remaining

members to justice.

Long Live the Lady! (1987)

7 Type: ____________

Italian director Ermanno Olmi’s charming film about a gala dinner for a

powerful old lady as seen through the eyes of a 16-year-old boy who is

employed as a waiter for the evening. Warmly observed and amusing. English

sub-titles.

Lady in a Cage (1964)

8 Type: ____________

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A tense tale of suspense starring Olivia de Havilland as a wealthy widow

who finds herself trapped in her private elevator while a trio of criminals stalk

her outside.

The Wizard of Oz (1939)

9 Type: ____________

Judy Garland gives a dazzling performance in this much-loved movie.

She is young Dorothy who is knocked unconscious when a tornado rips through

her Kansas farmhouse and who wakes up in the Technicolour world of Oz (the

film starts in black and white). A perfect MGM production with imaginative

sets, photography, costumes and make-up. E.Y. Harburg songs include Follow

the Yellow Brick Road and the Oscar-winning Over the Rainbow.

Big Business (1988)

10 Type: ____________

Two sets of identical twins, accidentally separated and switched at birth,

meet up years later in New York when one set arrives for a showdown with the

corporation that’s going to erase their little home town, only to find that the

other set of girls is in charge of the company. Excellent performance from Bette

Midler and Lily Tomlin. The script is a bit contrived, but there are a lot of

laughs.

Who’s afraid of Virginia Woolf? (1966)

11 Type: ____________

Two couples engage in a complex session of all-night conversation that

leads to much bitterness and recrimination, Richard Burton and Elizabeth Taylor

were never better together than in this totally absorbing but ultimately

depressing film.

Ice Castles (1978)

12 Type: ____________

Tear-jerking romance about a young couple who meet on an ice rink and

quickly fall in love. Both find fame and fortune on the ice – he as a professional

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hockey player, she as an Olympic champion dancer – but tragedy strikes when

she becomes blind.

Fantastic Voyage (1966)

13 Type: _____________

When a famous scientist is shot, a highly experimental technique is used

in order to save him. A medical team is placed aboard a submarine, reduced to

microscopic size and injected into his bloodstream to remove a blood clot on his

brain. An interesting film with excellent special effects.

The Lady and the Tramp (1955)

14 Type: _____________

One of Disney’s most delightful animated films, in which a pedigree dog

runs away from home after the arrival of a baby makes her feel unwanted. She

soon meets up with a stray that lives by his wits. The two dogs survive various

hazards and win through in the end, when they prove their worth by rescuing the

baby. The first Disney film in Cinemascope. Songs are by Peggy Lee and Sonny

Burke.

Curse II: the Bite (1988)

15 Type: _____________

A nest of snakes are infected by radiation and turned into deadly

squirming monsters. Anyone they bite is transformed into a terrible mutant beast

that will kill you first chance it gets. Frivolous but entertaining monster film.

B. Did you know that films are usually classified like this:

� a U film – a film for all age groups

� an A film – a film which is almost for grown-ups

� an AA film – a film not for children under 14

� an X film – a film not for children under 18

� an XX film – a film not for young people under 21?

Rate the films described above according to this classification.


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Which of the films described above have you seen? Did you like them?

Which of the films would(n’t) you like to see?

Which films are suitable for children under twelve / elderly people?

Exercise 5. Read these two film reviews being shown in Farley this

weak, making sure that you understand the meaning of all the words

underlined. What are the films’ genres?

THIS WEEK AT THE CINEMA

Plaza Boot Hill (director: Silvio Stilton). Silvio Stilton takes a rest from

killing men like flies (Bimbo) and knocking out Russian heavyweights (Socky

VI) but still manages to eliminate most of the supporting cast, an Indian tribe, in

the role of a pure white cowboy. Tania Shore is a pretty heroine, and Jack

Branston a suitably nasty villain. A pity that 90% of the scenes were shot in the

studio, not on location, but by this time we know that any connection between

Silvio and reality is just coincidence.

Palace Pair Moon (director: Toshiro Nagasawa). Nagasawa’s latest three-

hour saga was reverently reviewed after its London premiere. In the part of the

samurai hero, Isao Fujikura is impressive, and there are even some touches of

humour in his interpretation. The only defect is the dubbing. I can’t believe in

mediaeval Japanese warriors with Oxford accents. The next time Nagasawa

must insist on subtitles.

What are your three favourite types of film?

What was the last film you saw, either at the cinema or on TV?

Was it a Western, an adventure film, a thriller, a horror film, a comedy, a

musical, a science-fiction fantasy, or a detective film?

Who were the stars?

Who played the hero, the heroine, the villain?

How do you choose films you go and see?

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Exercise 6. A. Read the conversation between two critics discussing a

new film on A Night at the Films. What do they like or not like about it?

Mark the chart like this:

3 = liked it very much

2 = OK

1 = didn’t like it

Pauline Welcome to A Night at the Films! I’m Pauline Kahn and this is Colin

Hale.

Colin Good evening!

Pauline Tonight we’re going to review a new James Bond film. Well, I really

liked that new James Bond actor very, very much!

Colin Mm-hmm.

Pauline He’s the best actor they’ve had in the role – warm, human, even funny,

a totally believable character.

Colin Yeah. I have to agree, a perfect double-oh-seven type. Pauline, what

did you think about the story?

Pauline Well, it was a standard story for a Bond film … you know, the usual

beautiful women, the usual evil villain – nothing new.

Colin Well, I’m surprised because I … I have to say that I thought the story

was unusually good. The racing car scenes were exciting, and the

surprise ending was great!

Pauline Well, I can’t agree with you there!

Colin Well, er, OK, what did you think about the photography?

Pauline Colin Acting ______ ______ Story ______ ______ Photography ______ ______ Special Effects ______ ______

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Pauline Well, I must say I was not very impressed by the photography. I mean,

everything looked fake, not real. I can’t believe it was actually filmed

in Africa where the story took place.

Colin No, surely! I don’t agree with you there! I haven’t seen such good

photography for a long time, especially in the action scenes.

Pauline Ah. Now, that brings up another weakness in the film – the special

effects. Again, it’s just the same old stuff… the car that flies, the

umbrella that’s really a gun … you get tired of that kind of thing.

Colin I… I don’t think we’ve seen the same film, Pauline. I’d have to say

that the special effects, er… well, for me they were the best ever in a

Bond film. For instance, the scene where…

Pauline Excuse me, Colin, I’m going to take a commercial brake, for a minute

or two.

Colin All right, Pauline. Will everyone please stay turned for the final ratings

in just one minute?

B. Guess how many stars each critic gave the film.

**** excellent *** good ** fair * poor

Pauline _______

Colin ________

C. Read the end of the conversation and find out the real critics’

ratings.

Pauline Well, Colin, how do you rate the new James Bond film we’ve

reviewed this week?

Colin Well, Pauline, I have to say that I’m proud to give this film my highest

rating. Four stars. And I would like to encourage everyone to go and

see this film soon! How about you, Pauline? You did like the actor

who plays James Bond…

Pauline That part’s true, Colin; but no, I’m afraid I can only give the film two

stars… a rating of ‘fair’.

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Exercise 7. A. Match the words from the reviews of the film City Life

with their definitions.

1) a review a) to receive with pleasure

2) lacking b) to be about

3) welcome c) simple or basic

4) profound d) it is what a person writes about a

movie

5) a plot e) easy to understand

6) unsophisticated f) not getting something you want

7) uncomplicated g) to be without something

8) to deal with h) deep

9) disappointed i) the events of the story

B. Read two reviews about the same movie: the first one is from

‘Zeal’ magazine and the second – from ‘Today’s Movies’. As you read,

think of the different points of view expressed in the two reviews.

ZEAL’S MOVIE REVIEW

by Rich Hirsch

City Life is a movie that we have waited a long time for. A film that is

completely lacking in violence and cruelty is a welcome change. For once,

people who want to laugh at a movie will not be disappointed. It is funny but

profound; realistic and stimulating. The plot is unsophisticated and

uncomplicated and packed with human interest. It deals wit the problems,

intrigues, and prejudices that a young man from the country faces in his new life

as a clerk in a big industrialized city. Movie fans will also enjoy the finest

filmmaking techniques that we have seen in years. The acting is superb with Lee

Young and Barbara Martin at their best. City Life is easily the most amusing and

the most professional movie in town – the best in a long time.

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TODAY’S MOVIES REVIEW

by Thomas Godfrey

Lee Young is now appearing at the Star Cinema in City Life, one of the

year’s most uninteresting, unrealistic movies. Young is usually a terrific actor

who makes excellent movies, but in City Life his acting is extremely poor. The

plot is so uncomplicated that it is stupid and unbelievable. It deals specifically

with problems of a big industrialized city. Barbara Martin, of course, is

beautiful, but not very profound or even amusing in her role as Young’s

girlfriend.

The movie is called a comedy, but it is rarely truly funny. Other reviewers

have said that this movie is good because it is non-violent; at the same time it

shows realism in a stimulating way. We agree that very few movies nowadays

have plots that are lacking in violent, hateful, cruel and fearful plots. But,

unfortunately, this movie also lacks realism and good acting.

The cinematography is quite good, however. Jeffrey Langley, the

cinematographer, used his camera well. The movie may have a weak plot and

poor acting, but artistically it is a joy to see.

But a beautiful movie is not enough. It must also be well acted and have a

strong plot.

C. Find pairs of antonyms in the reviews.

D. What is the genre of the film ‘City Life’?

Would you like to see the film yourself? Why?

E. a) You have been asked to write a review of a film you have seen

recently for a class magazine. In pairs answer these questions about the film

you have chosen.

TITLE: What is the title of the film?

DIRECTOR: Who is it directed by?

ACTORS: Who play(s) the leading part(s)?

TYPE: What type of film is it?

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SUBJECT: What is it about?

SETTING: Where does the action take place?

TIME: Does the story take place in the past, present or future?

EVENTS: What happens?

OPINION: How would you describe it: exciting, sad, clever, unrealistic,

boring?

Did you enjoy it?

What did you especially like or dislike about the film, the acting, the

story, the photography, the ending, the ‘message’, etc.?

Would you recommend it to other people to see?

b) Now write three paragraphs about the film. Try to think of an

interesting way to start your review. Here are some ideas:

If you want an exciting / boring / frightening evening, then go and see … .

If you like fantasy films, then … is definitely the film for you.

If you are wondering what to go and see on Saturday night, I suggest you

avoid … .

Spielberg has directed many exciting adventure films but nothing is as

nail-biting as … .

Michael Douglas has starred in many fine films, but … is not one of them.

Exercise 8. A. Read an essay ‘My last visit to the cinema’ written by a

fourth-year student Oleg Simonov. The paragraphs have been jumbled up.

Try to put them in the right order.

MY LAST VISIT TO THE CINEMA

_____But sometimes I think it would be great to go to movies. Cinema is

more sociable, as you always go there with friends. Films are much more

impressive on the large screen, while the quality of many video cassettes is

horrible.

_____Cinema-going is less popular now. When I was in the ‘Pobeda’

movie-theatre the last time the house was almost empty. My friend and I, and a

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couple of other chance visitors represented the audience. We saw a mystery

called ‘The Wolf’ with Jack Nickolson and Michelle Pfeiffer. The film was not

new: it was popular with video-viewers a few years ago. I wanted to see it on the

large screen, but unfortunately the film and the demonstration were very bad.

The picture was distorted and the colour was faded.

_____I like good American films, especially historical dramas. The last

film I saw at the cinema two months ago made an unforgettable impression on

me. It was the famous ‘Titanic’ directed be James Cameron, a catastrophe film

with elements of melodrama. It’s about the sea catastrophe of the British ship

Titanic, the largest in the world, and the love story of a beautiful aristocratic girl

(Kate Winslet) and a beautiful but poor artist (the American film star Leonardo

di Caprio). I have learnt from the newspapers that at that time it was the most

expensive film in the history of cinematography. Cameron even organised the

shootings of the real Titanic on the sea bottom (the ship sank in 1912) and made

an exact model of it. Besides, in the horrible scene of the broken ship’s sinking

Cameron used only professional stunt men – and there were thousands of them!

Now wonder the film has become one of the most popular in the history of

cinematography. And I see the fantastic effects of the waves running over the

ship, the beauty and the horror of the black sea and the cold stars in the black

sky. What is more, the success of the CD’s with the ‘Titanic’ soundtrack is one

of the greatest in the history of the musical industry – they are bought by people

all over the world, from Japan to Europe.

_____I know the situation was different some ten years ago. Cinema-

going was popular, new films were real cultural events. But now TV

programmes are more interesting, and people are less interested in cinema-

going. Besides, it is prestigious to have a VCR at home. We also have a VCR

and I must say there are many good points about it. For example, if I don’t

understand something, or if I like some episode and want to see it again, I can

always rewind the cassette and play it back.

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_____I think this is one of the reasons for the low popularity of movie

theatres: people don’t want to pay money for poor quality. The repertoire of our

movie theatres is poor too. The films are mostly cheap American productions

showing either vampirism, erotic scenes, science fiction with traditional

computer effects, or the Mafia and blood.

B. Find in the text English equivalents to the following Russian words

and expressions.

1) зал; 2) пара случайных посетителей; 3) аудитория, зрители; 4)

мистика, детектив (зд. фильм ужасов); 5) видео-зрители; 6) пленка; 7)

показ, демонстрация; 8) изображение было искажено; 9) цвета были

бледными; 10) снимать, быть режиссером; 11) главные роли; 12)

репертуар; 13) перемотать кассету; 14) воспроизвести что-либо (зд.

пленку); 15) Am.E пойти в кино; 16) располагающий к общению; 17)

впечатляющий; 18) большой экран; 19) фильм-катастрофа; 20) художник;

21) морское дно; 22) тонуть, затонуть; 23) съемки; 24) сцена; 25) каскадер.


1) What was the last film Oleg saw at the cinema? Did he enjoy the film?

2) In Oleg’s opinion, what is the reason for the decline of cinema

attendance?

3) What is the great rival of the cinema? Why is it so powerful?

4) Why did the film ‘Titanic’ impress Oleg so much?

D. Pair-work. Agree or disagree with the following Oleg’s statements.

Try to prove your viewpoint.

1) Cinema-going is less popular now.

2) Bad demonstration and poor repertoire of movie theatres are among the

major reasons for the low popularity of movie theatres.

3) It is prestigious to have a VCR at home.

4) The film ‘Titanic’ is worth admiring.

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E. Group-work. Make a list of advantages and disadvantages of going

to the cinema and watching TV at home.

F. Write about your last visit to the cinema.


1) Answer the questions.

1) Are you a cinema-goer? When did you last see a film at the cinema?

2) Do you prefer to watch a film on the ‘big screen’ or on VCR? Why?

3) Do you rent video cassettes? How often?

4) Who is your favourite movie-star? What films did she / he star in?

What attracts you most to this actress / actor?

5) What film impressed you most of all? Do you know who was the

director and who were its major stars? Tell briefly what it is about.

6) Do you prefer Russian or foreign films? Why?

7) What films are in the repertoire of our movie-theatres now? Do you

like them?

8) Do you know what is on in the nearest movie-theatre this week? Would

you like to see it?

9) Are your friends interested in cinema? Do you discuss the films you’ve

seen?

10) Do you have idols in the movie world?

11) Do you read articles about cinema in the newspapers?

2) You are voting members of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts

and Sciences. It is the time of nomination polls – in groups choose up to 4

nominees in the following categories:

– Best Actor, Best Actress, Best Film;

– Worst Actor, Worst Actress, Worst Film.

Try to justify your choice.

3) Interview your group-mates and find out what types of films are

the most and the least popular with them.

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4) You and your group mates want to go to the cinema. There are a

lot of films on. Try to persuade your group mates to choose the most

exciting and gripping film.

5) Speak about your favourite actor / actress. Explain why you like

him / her so much.

6) Give a short description of the film you have seen and ask your

group mates to name it.

7) You think your life is rather monotonous – all work and no play.

You invite your friend to see a new film at the October cinema. Your friend

willingly joins you. After the film you share your impressions.

8) You want to set up your own cinema. In groups decide on its name,

location, exterior and interior appearance, films to be shown. Tell about

your cinema to the class. Choose the most attractive cinema description.

PROJECT WORK

The Final Scene

1) The final scene of any film is full of information. The image

contains information about the cause of the events, what is happening at the

moment and what is going to happen in the future... Look at the following

final scene of a film and try to invent the answers to the questions below.

� What kind of film is this?

� What is happening?

� What is going to happen?

� What happened to the cowboy at the beginning of the film?

� What has happened to the cowboy since the beginning of the film?

� Why is the cowboy riding into the sunset?

� What caused him to leave?

� Where is he riding to?

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2) Group-work. You are scriptwriters for a television studio and have

to write the script of a film with the final scene above. Invent the title of the

film and describe its plot. When you finish, tell your story to the class.

Decide which story would be best for television.

3) Draw a final scene from a film you have seen or an imaginary film.

Exchange your drawings and using them as a prop explain to each other

what has happened, what is going to happen, what might happen, etc.

ADDITIONAL READING

Text 1. ESTABLISHMENT OF AN INDUSTRY: THE PIONEERS

PART 1

Moving images have always been popular. In China, for example, there

were shadow plays 5.000 years ago. These used firelight to project images of

puppets onto screens. So projection is a very old idea. But cinema only became

possible when this old Asian idea met a new European one – photography.

In 1877 the English inventor Eadweard Muybridge discovered a way to

take photos very quickly, one after the other. Eleven years later, an American

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called George Eastman produced the first celluloid film on a roll. By 1890 it

was possible to take up to 40 photos per second.

Next, in 1893, came another invention – Thomas Edison’s ‘Kinetoscope’.

The kinetoscope projected moving pictures, but it had three problems, (a) It was

noisy (b) The pictures it produced were very low-quality (c) Only one person

could watch a kinetoscope at a time.

Before cinema could be born one last invention was necessary – a quiet

machine able to project high quality pictures onto a large screen. And the men

who produced that were two French brothers from the city of Lyons.

Louis and Auguste Lumiere

‘The Lumiere Cinematograph’ allowed large audiences to watch ‘moving

pictures’. Its debut took place on 28 December 1895 in a Paris cafe. That day

the Lumieres showed several short films. They were all documentaries and one

of them was called ‘Arrival of Train at the Station’. Afterwards, Auguste

Lumiere talked to reporters about his invention. ‘It can be exploited for a certain

time,’ he said, ‘but it has no commercial value at all.’

Well, he was completely wrong. In less than a year cinemas had started to

open in Europe and America. The public’s appetite for films was instant and

enormous – which meant that more and more had to be made. By 1905 movie

making wasn’t just an interesting idea – it was a successful new industry. And

by 1915 it was an industry with a capital – Hollywood, USA.

The Silent Era

Hollywood was established in 1912. That’s when a group of New York

film producers decided to open a new studio in California. Why California?

Because the climate was good, labour was cheap and there were lots of beautiful

locations nearby.

As a result of their decision, Hollywood soon attracted film actors and

technicians from all over the country. While World War One was fought in

Europe, and for several years after these cinema pioneers made thousands of

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black and white films – comedies, tragedies, fantasies, romances and historical

dramas. This was the silent era – the era of Charlie Chaplin, Rudolph Valentine,

Clara Bow, Douglas Fairbanks and Busier Keaton. It was called ‘silent’ because

there was no recorded sound. Instead, the actors’ dialogue appeared on cards

shown every 15 or 20 seconds. At the time it seemed perfectly normal. That’s

simply how films were.

The Talkies

Recorded sound ended the silent era in 1927. That’s when Al Jolson both

spoke and sang in ‘The Jazz Singer’. (His first words were ‘Wait a minute, wait

a minute folks. You ain’t heard nothing yet!’) The impact on cinemagoers was

enormous. They loved ‘The Jazz Singer’ and demanded more and more talking

pictures. The studios quickly obliged and by 1930 audiences were up from 57

million a week (1926) to 110 million a week. Only 31 years after the Lumieres’

first film-show, modern movies had arrived.


1) Why is the projection a very old idea?

2) What inventions contributed to the invention of the cinema?

3) Can we attribute the invention of the cinema to a single day? Why

(not)?

4) How important was the Lumiere brothers’ invention?

5) Why was Hollywood established in California?

6) How is the silent era in the history of cinematography characterized?

7) What was the first sound film?

PART 2

In 1932 Technicolour arrived. Coming only five years after the sound

revolution it made cinema more popular then ever. So popular, in fact, that the

next 20 years are often called Hollywood’s ‘golden age’. In the 30s and 40s

millions queued every week to see films produced by the top studios. These

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included Paramount, RKO, Warner Brothers and – most successful of all –

Metro Goldwyn Mayer.

Run by Louis B. Mayer, MGM’s motto was more stars than there are in

heaven. This referred to the ‘family’ of film stars who had contracts with the

studio. (In those years actors only worked for one company.) During the 30s and

40s MGM’s family included the Marx brothers, Greta Garbo, Jean Harlow,

Clark Gable, Joan Crawford, Spencer Tracy, Judy Garland, Gene Kelly.

It was an impressive list, but only one of several. All the other ‘dream

factories’ had stables of box-office names too. In fact, competition was an

important part of Hollywood’s success. The reason was simple. Each studio

wanted to make bigger, better films than its rivals. After 1948, though, movie

tycoons like Louis B. Mayor began to face another kind of competition. And

this time it wasn’t from inside the cinema industry – it was from outside.

America’s TV revolution began in the years following World War Two.

At first Hollywood didn’t worry. But as more and more people bought sets

cinema queues began to get shorter. Clearly the movie industry had a serious

problem on its hands.

The Hollywood studios competed with television by making movies

bigger, better and more realistic. Some of their ideas succeeded – others failed.

But what really saved the cinema industry wasn’t a technical development at all

– it was another 50s invention – teenagers.

Movies and youth culture discovered each other in the mid-50s with two

key films – ‘Rebel Without A Cause’ (1955), starring James Dean, and ‘Rock

Around The Clock’ (1956), starring early pop idol Bill Haley. For Hollywood it

was a turning point. Before then, the average cinema-goer had been over 30.

Suddenly, all that began to change. And it’s a change that’s continued ever

since. Today 75% of all box-office tickets are sold to people between the ages of

15 and 25.

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These days, cinema and television live side-by-side. The movie industry

didn’t collapse (as some people predicted) in the 50s and 60s. But cinema

audience-figures are still low compared to 50 years ago.


1) How did the invention of Technicolour change the popularity of the

cinema?

2) What is MGM?

3) How did the first top studios compete with each other?

4) What rival did the cinema had to face after World War II?

5) What saved the cinema industry?

Text 2. ANALYZING OSCAR

Academy and statuette history

The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) is a

professional honorary organization composed of over 6.000 motion picture

artists and craftsmen and women. The main purpose of the Academy is to

advance the arts and sciences of motion pictures. The Academy was organized

in May, 1927, as a nonprofit corporation charted under the laws of California.

The Academy Awards telecast is the most visible (though not most

important) activity undertaken by AMPAS. A popular story has been that an

Academy librarian and eventual executive director, Margaret Herrick, thought

the statuette resembled her Uncle Oscar and said so, and that as a result the

Academy staff began referring to it as Oscar.

Since its conception, the Oscar statuette has met exacting uniform

standards – with a few notable exceptions. In the 1930s, juvenile players

received miniature replicas of the statuette; ventriloquist Edgar Bergen was

presented with a wooden statuette with a moveable mouth; and Walt Disney was

honored with one full-size and seven miniature statuettes on behalf of his

animated feature Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. Between 1942 and 1944, in

186

support of the war effort, Oscars were made of plaster. After the War, winners

turned in the temporary awards for golden Oscar statuettes.

The traditional Oscar statuette, however, hasn’t changed since the 1940s.

The Oscar is a tin and copper statuette of a naked man holding a sword and

standing on a reel of film. The award weighs 8 ½ pounds and is plated with

gold.

Since the list of winners is kept secret until the telecast, the awards

handed out on television are blanks. The Academy reclaims the statuettes the

morning after the telecast and has them engraved before they are shipped back

to the anxious recipients.

Watching the Oscar telecast has become the equivalent of a secular

religious experience for many. The Oscars occur every year at the same time and

there are strict rules and regulations.

Every male connected with the ceremony in any capacity, from star to

truck driver, wears a tuxedo. Females wear formal evening gowns that have

been vetted in advance by AMPAS’s official fashion coordinator.

As many as 300 limousines are reserved up to a year in advance by

AMPAS for the ‘grand entrances’ by the stars. After stepping out of their limos,

Hollywood’s royalty parade down a red carpet. Also present are television

cameras and photographers from all over the world.

When the stars leave their seats to present or receive awards, prepare for

production numbers, or go to the toilet, a team of 128 ‘seat fillers’ are prepared

to fill the empty seats until they return. This is done so that the television

cameras will not linger on apparent gaps.

‘And the winner is…’ and ‘…the envelope, please’ have become among

the most familiar phrases on the planet even though they are no longer used. The

presenters now come on stage with the envelopes and usually say ‘…and the

Oscar goes to…’.

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When the winners are announced in the major acting categories, all the

nominees present in the auditorium are shown on camera simultaneously. The

losers will then give the finest performances of their careers as they pretend not

to be disappointed.


1) What is AMPAS?

2) How did the Oscar statuette get its name?

3) How has the appearance of the Oscar statuette changed over the years?

4) What rules and regulations are there during the Oscar telecast?

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THEATRE

VOCABULARY

(the) theatre (n): to go to / to attend / to frequent the theatre

theatrical (adj): theatrical circles / world

opera-house, puppet theatre, open-air theatre, repertory theatre (ant. non-

repertory), variety theatre (syn. music hall)

production (n): to put on a production

performance (n): to deliver / to put on / to give a performance

breathtaking / inspired /superb / listless performance

a never-to-be-forgotten performance

I’ve seen that production several times but I think tonight’s performance

was the best.

first performance (syn. first night, opening night, premiere)

evening performance (ant. matinee)

show (n)

acting (n): – What do you think of his acting?

– The acting was good / brilliant /mediocre /amateurish / terrible / poor.

play (n): to present / produce / put on / stage / rehearse / revive a play

The college drama society are going to put on a play.

I didn’t like the play but I was impressed by the acting.

playwright (n)

play / appear in (v): He has appeared in many successful productions..

rehearse (v)

rehearsal (n): dress rehearsal

part (n) (syn. role): the main/leading part, a supporting part, a male/female part

In the play I take / play the part of a policeman.

He spoke / acted his part well.

Theatre staff

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cast (n): an all-star cast, a supporting cast

actor, actress (n)

(stage) director (syn. producer) (n)

stage manager (n)

stage / set designer (n)

costume designer (n)

make-up artist (n)

understudy (n)

extra (n): We need a lot of extras for the big crowd scene.

prompter (n)

attendant (syn. usher / usherette ) (n)

stage-hand (syn. scene-shifter) (n)

Types of play

tragedy / comedy / tragi-comedy / farce / drama / historical play / drama /

musical / musical comedy

Inside the theatre

foyer (n): They arranged to meet in the foyer ten minutes before the play started.

box-office (n): Let’s meet at the box-office.

The play got bad reviews, but in box-office terms it was a great success.

(=It was popular and profitable.)

cloakroom (n)

bar (n)

auditorium (syn. theatre, house ) (n): The theatre was full.

Parts of the auditorium

stage (n): The actor was on stage for most of the play.

He’d always wanted to go on stage. (=to become an actor)

scenery (syn. set ) (n)

scene (n): 1) part of a play or production: Scene I. Scene II.

The scene where John says goodbye to Susan is very moving.

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2) where the action takes place:

The scene is set in pre-war Moscow.

There was no change of scene during the play.

curtain (n): the curtain rises / goes up / comes down / drops / falls

wings (n): in the wings

footlights (n)

orchestra pit (n)

the stalls (n): – I ’d like to have a seat in the stalls.

– Sorry, the stalls are sold out.

pit (n)

box (n): a royal box

dress-circle (Am. balcony, mezzanine ) (n)

gallery (syn. balcony) (n): We won’t get a very good view from the gallery.

to play to the gallery (= to try to win popularity by appealing to low taste)

row (n): We sat in the third row of the stalls.

aisle (n): Give me two seats in the aisle, please.

Buying tickets

ticket (n): free / unsold tickets

a ticket for a concert

to book a ticket

The audience and its reaction

audience (n): appreciative / enthusiastic / (un)responsive / cold / passive /

listless / (un)sympathetic audience

The audience applauded loudly at the end of the concert.

to attract a large audience

applaud (v): The actor was loudly applauded.

applause (n): heavy / lengthy / light / weak / enthusiastic applause

to get / win applause for

a storm of applause

191

The applause at the end was terrific.

to bring the audience to their feet, to bring down the house (=to gain an

enthusiastic approval of the audience)

curtain call (n): Curtain call followed curtain call as the performance ended.

The leading actress took seven curtain calls.

encore (n): The violinist gave three encores.

Success or failure

success (n): It was a great / tremendous success.

successful (adj)

to get over the footlights (=to be a success)

click (v) (coll.) (=to be a success)

The new show clicked with the public.

hit (n) (coll.): Their new production was a big hit.

capacity (n): The seating capacity of this theatre is 500.

The play drew capacity audiences.

good (bad) box-office: The show will be a good box-office.

flop (n): They put on a musical, but it was a total flop / fiasco.

flop (v): The new play flopped after only three weeks.

review (n): – What sort of reviews did it get?

– It got good / favourable / poor / terrible reviews.

receive (v): The play was well / favourably / enthusiastically / poorly received.

praise (n): The play has aroused wide interest and praise from the critics.

Impressions of a performance

I was enchanted / charmed away by the music.

I was moved by the performance of S. The actor moved the audience to

tears.

I was delighted by the costumes and scenery.

H. quite touched the heart with his sensitive portrayal of the hero.

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The actors who brought the characters to life so success fully, well-

deserved the tremendous cheers which they received on the opening night.

The actress appeared to understand the role thoroughly.

The actress made a touching Desdemona.

The performance was too long. It seemed that even the actors’ energy was

failing.

It was an uneven performance, eloquent in places, ineffective in others.

I felt like walking out.

The performance flopped due to the poor directorship.

Some actors just rattled off their text without the slightest regard for its

meaning.

EXERCISES

Exercise 1. Who’s who in the theatre? Match the words (1-14) on the

left with a suitable definition (a-n) on the right.

1) actor, actress

2) audience

3) cast

4) company

5) choreographer

6) critic

7) director

8) playwright

9) prompter

10) set designer

11) stage hand

12) stage manager

13) understudy

a) the person who writes reviews of new plays, musicals,

etc.

b) all the people who act in a play or a musical

c) learns another actor’s part in order to be able to take

his place if he or she is ill or unable to perform

d) reminds the actors of their next line in a speech if they

forget it

e) shows people coming to watch the play or musical to

their seats

f) makes up or arranges the steps for the dancers who

perform on stage

g) designs the scenery, etc. on stage

h) a group of actors, singers or dancers who work

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14) usher, usherette

together, e.g. The Royal Shakespeare ______

i) the people who come to watch a play or a musical

j) helps behind the scenes during a production, e.g. by

moving scenery, etc.

k) a person who writes plays

l) is responsible for everything that happens on stage

during a performance

m) a person whose job is acting

n) decides how a play is performed; tells the actors what

to do

Whose job at the theatre is the most difficult? Why?

Whose job at the theatre is the most exciting? Why?

If you could choose any job at the theatre, which one would it be?

Exercise 2. Complete the gaps with the words from the box.

A.

1) We picked up the tickets we had ordered at the theatre _________.

2) The _________ is the large area just inside the main doors of a theatre

where people meet and wait, while the _________ is the part of a

theatre where the audience sit.

3) He was given the Evening Standard Actor of the Year award for his

_________ in Cyrano de Bergerac.

4) We walked down the _________ behind an usher as he showed us to

our seats in _________ F.

5) The _________ was terrible. Several of the actors forgot their lines,

one or two dancers fell over and there was a problem with the

lighting. Let’s hope the play’s a lot better when it opens on Saturday.

aisle curtain interval rehearse applause

dress rehearsal matinee row auditorium dressing-room

orchestra pit stage box-office first night performance

stalls dress-circle (or balcony) foyer programme wings

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6) When you buy tickets you can choose to sit downstairs in the

_________ or upstairs in the _________.

7) If you can’t get to see the play in the evening, you can always go to

the _________ or afternoon performance.

8) The audience really loved the new musical, as they showed by their

loud _________ at the end.

9) The _________ is the area where the actors stand and perform.

10) I never go to see a play on its _________. I prefer to wait a few

weeks. It’s usually better then.

11) In front of the stage is an area where the musicians sit. This is

called the _________.

12) If you want to know more about the play or the actors in it, you can

always buy a _________ before the performance.

13) The audience became silent as the _________ went up and the play

began.

14) Before going on stage, the actors often wait in the _________ – the

area to the side of the stage, hidden from the audience.

15) There is usually a short _________ of about 15-20 minutes

between the acts of a play.

16) They normally _________ for at least two months before they

perform in public.

17) The actors put on their costumes and make-up in the _________.

B.

1) We sat _____ the stalls.

2) The usherette showed us _____ our seats.

3) There were two actors _____ the stage.

4) You’d better ask _____ the box-office.

5) My favourite actress was _____ the play.

6) During the performance, work is going on _____ the scenes.

to in behind during at on

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7) People usually have a drink or a cigarette _____ the interval.

8) Our seats were _____ the third row.

9) He prefers to sit _____ the front; she likes to be _____ the back.

10) I like to sit _____ the middle.

Exercise 3. Match each part of a theatre on the right with a definition

on the left.

1) stalls

2) aisle

3) circle

4) dressing room

5) stage

6) box-office

7) row

8) backstage

9) box

10) foyer

a) where actors put on their costumes and make-up

b) area on which the performance takes place

c) a line of seats

d) a way down from back to front between the

seats

e) the area of downstairs seats

f) the area of upstairs seats

g) the theatre entrance hall where people meet

before going in

h) the place where you go or phone to buy tickets

i) the whole area out of sight of the audience

j) a little private balcony with 3-5 seats only

Exercise 4. Look at the picture of a theatre hall and match the

numbers with the words.

a) the curtain

b) a box

c) the stalls

d) the stage

e) the gallery

f) a balcony

g) the dress-circle

Exercise 5. Read these talks and say in what parts of the theatre they

are taking place.

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1) A: Are there any seats left for Saturday night?

B: Would you like something in the front stalls?

A: Haven’t you got anything cheaper?

B: Let me see… I think you can have seats in the dress-circle.

2) A: Well, how did you like the first act?

B: I loved it! Especially the soloist. I think it’s the best singing I’ve

ever heard.

A: Yes, it was really good.

B: I hope the second act will be just as excellent.

3) A: It’s a little hot in here, isn’t it? I’m thirsty. I think I’ll have some

lemonade. And what about you?

B: I’ll have a glass of lemonade or ice-cream.

A: Ice-cream? I can have it too.

B: Good. I hope they have my favourite strawberry ice-cream.

4) A: Are these seats ours?

B: No, I don’t think so. These are C-14 and C-15, and we have C-16

and C-17.

A: I see, they are further in the row.

B: Let’s hurry up. The lights will be going down in a minute.

FOCUS ON GRAMMAR

Exercise 1. A. It is twenty weeks before the opening night. Make

sentences saying what has to be done. Use some of these verbs:

choose construct design distribute

make print publicise rehearse

Example: The cast has to be chosen.

The posters have to be printed.

B. It is now halfway through the rehearsal period. Make sentences

saying what is being done.

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Example: The costumes are being made.

The scenery is being painted.


Exercise 1. Discuss the points in groups. Say whether you agree or

disagree with them. Try to prove your viewpoint. Use the lexical tables

below to help you.

� Theatre has lost its prominent position and it’s no longer a rostrum or a

University as it was called in the 19th century. Now is the time for the arts to

flourish. Literature and cinema today are in the lead. The theatre today has

nothing equal to the books and films which have appeared recently.

� Theatre is a school in itself where people are taught to appreciate

beauty and ethical values and to solve their eternal problems of good and evil.

� Theatre has become an entertainment for the elite, a fashionable

pastime, since to get a ticket to a Moscow production starring Smoktunovsky or

Menshykov is next to impossible.

Lexical Table 1. What is theatre in the life of modern man?

I am fond of the theatre. The time of the

theatre is over.

What’s the use of the

theatre?

it tells much

cultivates some ideas

sets problems

a source of information

about…

creates an intellectual

atmosphere

contacts with actors

educates my feelings

far from reality

it doesn’t influence my

outlook

it doesn’t arouse my

interest

I’m sick and tired of…

I have lost faith in…

dull

loss of time

I don’t believe

it’s not thought-provoking

it doesn’t solve

it loses significance

classics have no impact

upon me because…

doesn’t widen my outlook

distracts from work

(studies)

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develops my artistic taste

helps appreciate the

beauty

it’s pleasant (a pleasure)

I enjoy it

a way of resting

acting is poor

characters are

unconvincing

doesn’t improve my mood

doesn’t inspire my…

it fails to…

Well, if you ask me… The way I see it… I’m convinced that…

Lexical Table 2. What do you prefer: theatre or cinema?

With the help of the cinema I

can…

� widen my outlook

� educate my feelings

� enrich my knowledge of life

� entertain myself

Cinema is so popular among

young people because it’s…

available / wide-spread / the most popular /

amusing / instructive / affecting

Theatre makes it possible… � to establish close contacts between actor and

spectators

� to create intellectual atmosphere

� to distinguish between the good and the bad

� to understand and enjoy beauty

It’s a real pleasure for me to

discuss some…

� exciting scenes

� valuable information

� burning social problems

� amusing episodes with my friends

I am fond of…

I am always eager to see…

historical / musical / informative / adventure

Besides… As for me… As far as I understand… In my opinion… In

fact…

Exercise 2. In pairs, ask each other the following questions:

1. How often do you go to the theatre?

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2. What is (are) your favourite theatre(s)?

3. What was the performance you liked most of all / least of all?

4. With whom do you like to go to the theatre? Why?

5. What do you usually do during the interval?

6. What makes a performance successful?

7. Is there a drama circle at your university? What is it like? If you

haven’t got one, would you like to have it? Why?

8. Have you ever acted in a play? When? What part did you play?

Exercise 3. A. Read the dialogue and look at the diagram of the

theatre. Gerry is telephoning the box-office because he wants to buy two

tickets for the first performance of a new play. In what part of the

auditorium did Gerry book the seats?

Gerry Hello, Princess Theatre? Have you got two tickets for Party Manners

next Wednesday?

Voice There aren’t many left, I’m afraid. It’s the first night, you see. I can

give you two in the balcony, but you won’t get a very good view.

The dress-circle and the upper circle are completely booked up. I

don’t suppose you’d like a box.

Gerry Well, no. Is there anything in the stalls?

Voice Wait a minute. Yes, you’re lucky. I’ve got two stalls, Row K, 7 and

8. They’ve just been returned. Will you take those? They’re ten

pounds each.

Gerry Oh err, yes, OK.

Voice You can pick them up from the box office in the foyer at any time up

to half an hour before the performance. What name is it, please?

B. Rewrite the dialogue in reported speech.

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Which do you think are the most expensive seats, and which are the least

expensive? Why is that?

What seats do you prefer?

Where do the orchestra sit in the theatre?

Where do the actors come from and go to when they make entrances and

exits?

Have you ever been backstage? Would you like to go? Why?

Why do you think footlights are called that? What are they for?

Have you ever been in a modern or ancient theatre that was different from

this? What differences were there?

Exercise 4. A. The lines of the dialogues have been mixed up, put

them in the right order.

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1

….. – Would you like

something in the front

stalls?

….. – Not unless you

come to the matinee.

….. – I’d like to book two

seats for tomorrow.

….. – I suppose there’s

nothing further back, is

there?

2

….. – No, I’m afraid

that’s all there is.

….. – Can I still get

tickets for tonight’s

show?

….. – Are there any

boxes?

….. – The front row of

the dress circle is fairly

free.

3

….. – Haven’t you got

anything cheaper?

….. – A-11 and B-14 are

all that’s left.

….. – Only if somebody

cancels.

….. – Are there any seats

left for Saturday night?

B. In what part of the theatre do the talks take place?

Who is involved in the conversations?

C. Role-playing.

a) Student A: You are calling the Place Theatre to book two tickets for the

concert next Wednesday evening. You want two seats in the circle. Check

that the performance begins at 7.45.

Student B: You are in the Palace Theatre box office. There are plenty of

tickets for the concert on Wednesday, which begins at 7.45. You accept

bookings by phone but tell callers they must come and get tickets tomorrow.

b) Student A: You are calling the New Theatre about the ballet on Friday

and Saturday. Find out the cost of tickets and if they have any left. Book one

seat on either Friday or Saturday if you can.

Student B: You are in the New Theatre box office. There are plenty of

tickets for the ballet on Friday and Saturday. You have seats in the stalls at

£3.50 and in the circle at £2.50. You do not take telephone bookings.

c) Student A: You are calling the Grand Theatre. You want tickets for the

performance of ‘Antony and Cleopatra’ on Friday (if not Friday then

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Thursday). You want four seats together in the stalls (if there are none in the

stalls then in the circle).

Student B: You are in the Grand Theatre box office. All tickets for the

performance ‘Antony and Cleopatra’ are sold out on Friday, but there are a

few tickets left for Thursday. But you do not have four seats together, either

in the stalls or in the circle.

READING ACTIVITY

Exercise 1. A. Read the article about the Elizabethan theatre and

speak about its peculiarities.

WELCOME TO THE WORLD OF THE ELIZABETHAN

THEATRE

In the late 16th and early 17th centuries, the time period in which William

Shakespeare was active in the theatre, attending a play during the afternoon was

a favourite leisure activity for many members of London society in much the

same ways as going to movies and plays is a popular form of entertainment

today. A closer examination of the theatre of Shakespeare’s time, however, will

reveal many differences between the Elizabethan theatre and the movies and

plays of today.

Appearance. The public theatre was either round, square, or octagonal.

Its basic structure was an unroofed courtyard surrounded by three levels of

roofed galleries containing seating. The building was able to accommodate

roughly 3.000 people. Because this open-air structure depended on natural

lighting, all plays took place in the afternoon. When a play was to be held, a flag

was raised on the top of the playhouse as a signal to Londoners of the event. A

trumpeter would also announce the impending play in song.

Elements of the theatre. If you were to travel back in time and attend a

play in Elizabethan theatre, you would immediately notice many aspects of the

theatre’s interior that would seem strange to you. One of the first differences you

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might have noticed upon entering the theatre was the structure of the stage, a

large platform surrounded by the audience on the three sides. Unlike most of

today’s audiences, the people attending Elizabethan theatre were involved in the

play, shouting suggestions, encouragement, or curses to the actors. When the

audience did not like a character, they even threw rotten fruit at the actors.

The Elizabethan stage also included a small roof projecting over a part of

the stage. This structure was known as the heavens and contained the machinery

needed to produce sound effects or to lower ‘angels’ and ‘gods’ down to the

stage.

Dramatic effects and conventions. The Elizabethan theatre used very

little scenery, that is why it had to rely heavily on the imagination of their

audience. The dialogue of the characters would not only sound pleasing but

include all the information that was needed for the audience to know the time

and place of the action, the character’s identities, and even the physical

appearance of the characters. When a young male actor was portraying the

character of the beautiful Juliet Capulet, for example, the audience was expected

to overlook the actor’s appearance and concentrate instead on the lovely,

graceful lady described in the dialogue.

In addition to dialogue, Elizabethan actors also used costumes to help

their audiences to understand the action of a play. The actors wore colourful

costumes that often identified a character as a member of a certain social class or

profession. A crown and purple robes, for example, would immediately identify

an actor as a king.

B. Would you like to visit the Elizabethan theatre? Why (not)?

C. How has the theatre changed since the Elizabethan times?

Compare the Elizabethan theatre with that of the modern one.

Exercise 2. A. What British contemporary theatres do you know?

Read the text describing several famous British theatres and decide which

theatre…

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1) …draws capacity audiences: _______________

2) …was built out of a church: _______________

3) …had a spectacular opening with fireworks and performances: ______

4) …offers a chance for the students to speak with actors: ___________

5) …was the first to stage Shakespeare’s plays: _______________

6) …sells inexpensive tickets: _______________

7) …organizes festive luncheon on the 23rd of April each

year:___________

8) …resembles the theatre of the time of Shakespeare: _____________

9) …consists of three theatres: _______________

10) …is part of a huge arts complex: _______________

The names of the theatres can be used more than once.

THE BRITISH THEATRE

One of the main reasons for so many wanting to visit Britain is its

enviable reputation in the performing arts. In music and drama, opera and ballet,

there are endless opportunities for visitors to enjoy themselves to the hilt.

There are today about 200 professional theatres in Britain. The centre of

theatrical activity is of course London, where there are some 40 principle

theatres in the West End and several more in the suburbs.

The Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), one of Britain’s most important

theatre companies performing at the Royal Shakespeare Theatre at Stratford-

upon-Avon and at the theatre at the Barbican, a large cultural centre in London

opened in 1982.

The Royal Shakespeare Theatre is one of the most comfortable and best

equipped. Shakespeare’s Birthday in Stratford is a characteristically English

occasion. It has been said that on the 23rd of April the world comes to Stratford.

Diplomats and ambassadors arrive for the Birthday Luncheon with its toasts to

‘The Immortal Memory of William Shakespeare’ and ‘The Drama’.

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The National Theatre, 1) a London theatre opened on the South Bank site

in 1976, and staging both classical and modern plays; 2) the theatre company

famous for its productions of Shakespeare’s plays.

Britain’s long-awaited National Theatre was officially opened on the 25th

of October, 1976, at a gala night celebration which included a spectacular

firework display and a performance of a Venetian comedy – a suitable choice

for a national theatre of international importance. Hundreds of distinguished

people from all over the world came to the celebrations.

The National, as it is known, is a part of the South Bank arts complex,

overlooking a beautiful part of the River Thames. The whole complex contains

theatres, cinemas, an art gallery, lecture halls, concert halls, restaurants and bars.

And the National contains not one but three theatres in one: the Olivier*, the

Lyttelton and the Cottesloe theatres.

Britain’s new National Theatre is a major achievement. The fact that

nearly every performance is sold out is proof of its success. People queue up

outside the theatre every day for cheap tickets for the evening performance.

The Globe (Theatre), 1) a famous theatre built in 1599 on the south bank

of the Thames, in which Shakespeare’s greatest plays were first performed. It

was burnt down in 1613, rebuilt in 1614, and remained in use until 1644 when it

was demolished to make space for new houses; 2) a theatre in Shaftesbury

Avenue, London, staging mainly light comedies and musicals. It was founded in

1906.

St. George’s Theatre, a theatre in Islington, London, which is of special

interest to students of English. Originally the building was a church, but it has

since been designed to closely resemble the playhouse of Elizabethan times –

the type of theatre in which Shakespeare and his fellow actors originally

performed. In the 1980s the company at St. Georges presented ‘Macbeth’, ‘The

Merchant of Venice’, and ‘The Winter’s Tale’. But they don’t only present

plays. They also have a special introduction to each play that is designed for

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foreign students of English. At these sessions the students have the opportunity

to discuss the play with the actors and are told about the characters and the plot

of the play which they are going to see.

*the Olivier [o’lıvıə]

B. Guess the meaning of the words in bold in the text. Try to explain

the meaning of the words in English.

C. Which of the British theatres described in the text would you most

like to visit? Why?

Exercise 3. A. Read about theatres in London and mark the sentences

true (T) or false (F).

1) The number of visitors to London’s West End theatres is decreasing.

2) Hollywood actors star in the theatrical productions of London’s

theatres.

3) British screen stars are not invited to the theatres in London.

4) The plots of some films are used to write the script of a play.

5) Tragedies are usually staged the longest.

6) All the musicals put on at London theatres were successful.

THEATRES IN LONDON

For many people the highlight of a visit to London is the chance to see a

West End show.

The West End of London, situated a stone’s throw from Piccadilly Circus

and Chinatown, is home to dozens of beautiful theatres.

London’s West End theatres are currently enjoying a boom in popularity

and ticket sales. According to the Society of London Theatres, nearly 12 million

people attended a West End show in the year of 2004.

One possible reason for the success of contemporary theatrical

productions is the casting of A-list Hollywood actors in lead roles. Val Kilmer,

star of films like Top Gun and Batman Forever, is currently appearing in The

Postman Always Rings Twice.

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And he is not alone – other American movie stars performing in London

include Oscar winner, Kevin Spacey, and David Schwimmer, who found

international fame in the hit TV sitcom, Friends.

British screen stars are also treading the boards in West End shows.

Scottish actor, Ewan McGregor, is appearing in the classic 1950s musical Guys

and Dolls. McGregor says: ‘The actual process of making films is

extraordinarily tedious. It is very difficult to keep your energy and focus.

Whereas what is wonderful about this is we have to create it together.’

Ironically, it is not just that film stars are acting in plays nowadays but

films themselves are being adapted for the stage. Amongst the films that can

now be seen as plays or musicals are The Lion King, A Few Good Men, and Billy

Elliot.

The longest-running shows in the West End are usually musicals. The

Andrew Lloyd Webber show, Cats, ran for 21 years and 7000 performances,

making its composer a multi-millionaire.

However, not all musicals do so well. In London theatrical history there

were musicals that were a big flop: they ran for only one night, closing after

terrible reviews and poor bookings.

B. Match the words in bold in the text with their definitions.

1) the process of choosing people to act in a film, play etc.

2) a complete failure

3) boring and continuing for too long

4) a television or radio series about a particular group of characters who

deal with situations in a humorous way

5) staged for the longest time

6) to change a film so that it can be made into a play

7) referring to the most famous and most successful actors

8) an arrangement to buy a theatre ticket at a later date

9) (humorously) to work as an actor

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10) the main actor in a play

11) the most exciting, impressive, or interesting part of an event

12) very close

13) to continue to be performed for some time

14) a play in which there are a lot of songs

15) a sudden increase in the popularity

C. Ask and answer questions on the text.

D. Group discussion. Compare theatres in London with theatres in

your native town.

E. Write about theatres in your native town.

Exercise 4. Read the review of Shakespeare’s ‘Richard III’, and find

out what the critic thought of:

� Ian McKellen as Richard

� some of the performances

� the costumes

� the battle scene

� the set

� the lighting

� the play

ALISON BRYANT REVIEWS RICHARD III AT THE

LYTTELTON THEATRE

Richard III was written in the 1590s, but it has a chilling relevance to the

modern world. The story of Richard’s rise and fall carries a universal message

about the politics of power, and Richard Eyre’s direction combines with Bob

Crowley’s design to drive the message home by setting the production in the

1930s.

Ian McKellen is remarkable. Hardly ever off stage, he radiates evil and

corruption throughout the play. He is supported by some brilliant performances,

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notably from Clare Higgins as Queen Elizabeth and Joyce Redman as the

Duchess of York.

The costumes are highly effective, and army uniforms and black boots

reflect the rise of fascism – but the final battle scene is unconvincing, with

soldiers in heavy suits of armour clanking across the stage. The huge steel set is

cold and uninteresting and the lighting is gloomy.

In all, Richard III is a depressing play, and this production offers little

light relief during the 3¼-hour performance.

Exercise 5. A. Read these play critics’ reviews of The Last Emperor.

How do you think each critic rated the film:

**** excellent *** good ** fair * poor?

STAGE DIRECTOR’S LAST DRAMA

In The Last Emperor, stage director Leonard Foglia not only gives us a

fascinating history lesson but also a compelling human drama. It is the story of

Pu Yi, who came to the throne in 1908 at the age of two. The performances are

outstanding, and the play is spectacular in every way. The 3 hours fly by, and

the audience leave feeling they have got to know a great country and a sensitive,

unusual man.

The Reviewer

Critic’s rating ________

WHAT A DRAG!

Leonard Foglia is a talented stage director. Why he made The Last

Emperor is a mystery. True, the scenery and costumes are nice. But the main

character is passive and dull – he imply watches his life go by. You’d expect a

play which covers 60 years of history to be exciting. But the three hours of The

Last Emperor drag on forever. At least the play is consistent – consistently

boring.

The Standard


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THE EMPEROR’S NEW CLOTHES

Don’t go and see The Last Emperor if you’re expecting a history lesson.

Foglia’s historical drama about the rise and fall of Pu Yi is hard to follow and

confusing at times. But he has done a remarkable job of portraying the Chinese

culture, and has captured China in stunningly beautiful images. There are some

touching scenes, as when the young Pu Yi’s nurse is taken from him.

Unfortunately. The play is too long and tends to drag at times.

The Gazette


B. Which words in each review helped you decide on the critic’s

rating?

C. Think about a play or film that you have seen recently. Tell other

students what you think of it. Use some of the adjectives in the reviews

above to help you. Below are some more useful expressions.

The play tells of / is devoted to / reflects the / deals with the…

The play is based on historical facts.

It’s a play of special appeal to children.

The main stress is put on personal destinies of the characters.

It’s a stage presentation of a well-known novel.

One cannot help admiring the scenery.

They change the sets in no time.

He played his part with conviction and passion.

The actor gave an excellent portrayal of the officer.

He overacts sometimes.

The secret of the success of the play lies in the masterful and talented

performance of the actors.

The lack of feeling in her acting was ridiculous.

Interest is sustained throughout the play.

It’s a rather poor production.

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D. Write a short review of the play you saw.

Exercise 6. A. Read the composition of a student Olga Michajlova.

Seven sentences have been removed from the text. Choose from the

sentences a-h the one that fits each gap. There is one extra sentence that you

do not need to use.

a) The house was packed.

b) Then we went to our seats again as it was the bell for the second act.

c) Besides theatre unites actors and spectators and establishes close

contacts between people.

d) It seemed as if the curtain calls would never end.

e) They have given the piece a realistic treatment.

f) Everything was wonderful – the actors, the setting, the music and the

scenery.

g) There are many young talented and well-trained actors in the company

too.

h) A very interesting play ‘Nora’ was on that night.

MY LAST VISIT TO THE THEATRE

I’m not a great theatre-goer, but when I have time I never miss an

opportunity of going to the theatre. In my opinion theatre moves our feelings and

creates the atmosphere for thinking. As far as I can see theatre makes it possible

to distinguish between the good and the bad, to understand and enjoy beauty. 1)

_______.

There is a very beautiful Drama Theatre in Grodno. I go there four or five

times a year. The theatre is housed in a modern building in the centre of our city.

Its stalls, pit, boxes, dress-circle and balcony are very comfortable. The theatre

looks very impressive.

The theatre company has many well-known actors and actresses, some of

them have been on its stage for twenty or more years now. 2) _______. The

repertoire includes classical and modern plays by Belarusian, Russian and

212

foreign playwrights. I never go to the theatre on the off chance, I prefer to book

seats beforehand.

My last visit to the theatre was not long ago, last spring my friend invited

me to the theatre. 3) _______. This play was based on Henry Ibsen’s novel and

staged by Vitaly Barkovsky. It was about a strong woman who was not able to

forgive her husband for treachery.

We bought the tickets in advance and got to the theatre just before the

curtain went up. We left our coats in the cloak-room and I got a programme from

the usher to see what the cast was. When we arrived at the hall we saw many

people walking down the gangway looking for their seats. 4) _______. Our seats

were in the third row of the stalls, and we could see and hear everything very

well. Soon after we took our seats, the lights went slowly down, the curtain went

up and the play began. A hush came over the audience.

From the every first minute I was deeply impressed by everything I saw

on the stage. 5) _______. My favourite actress Lyudmila Volkova was in the

leading part. She was perfect. The audience applauded her stormily after each

act. The rest of the cast were wonderful, as usual. The best actors of the company

were playing that night.

During the interval everybody talked about the play. There was no doubt

that it was a great success. 6) _______. I enjoyed every minute of the play.

When the curtain fell at the end of the performance, there came a storm of

applause. The play was a great success. That night the audience kept the actors

on the stage for a long time after the performance. 7) _______. We also

applauded enthusiastically. The performance made a strong impression on me

and my friend.

I’m convinced that theatre is a school in itself where people are taught to

appreciate beauty and ethical values and to solve the eternal problems of good

and evil. Maybe somebody will say that theatre has lost its prominent position.

213

Perhaps, it has become an entertainment for the elite, a fashionable

pastime, but I enjoy it.

B. Role-playing. Olga Michajlova is sharing her impressions of her

last visit to the cinema with a friend of hers.

C. Speak about your last visit to the theatre. Follow the plan below:

1) Going to the theatre. (How did you get the tickets? Where were your

seats? Was the house full?)

2) The play. (Was it interesting? What was interesting? What didn’t you

like about it?)

3) The acting. (Was the cast good? Whose acting impressed the audience?

In what scenes?)

4) The production. (Did the production help the audience to catch the

main idea of the play? In what points of the production did you feel the work of

the producer? Did the general spirit of the production satisfy the demand of the

play?)

5) Designing. (Did you like the scenery? How were the light and sound

effects used?)

6) The audience. (What kind of people did it consist of? How did they

receive the performance?)


1) Answer the questions:

1) Why is it that people go to the theatre?

2) What is your favourite theatre and why?

3) ‘The imagination of the spectator begins to be haunted so that long

after he has left the play-house the actors are still with him…’ Is the experience

familiar to you? After what play did you have it?

4) What is the romantic side of the theatre?

214

5) What is the educational role of the theatre? Can you agree with the

statement that the theatrical art appeals rather to the spectator’s imagination and

feelings than to his intellect? Give your reasons.

2) Group discussion. ‘Theatre, cinema or TV? Which is better? What

is more important nowadays?’

3) Find a picture representing a theatre-house (or draw one) and

describe it.

4) Speak on your favourite genre (drama, comedy, musical, etc.).

Why do you like it?

5) Describe your impressions of a play you have seen.

6) Make up dialogues discussing your impressions of a play.

7) Role-playing. At a Theatre Festival.

St. A: a famous producer;

St. B: a celebrated actor;

St. C: a talented young actress, who made an immediate hit with her

sensitive and moving performance;

Rest of class: a journalist, a critic, a playwright and theatre-goers.

All are invited to the studio.

8) You want to set up your own theatre. In groups decide on its name,

location, exterior and interior appearance, plays to be staged. Tell about

your theatre to the class. Choose the most attractive theatre description.

PROJECT WORK

What will happen next?

1) You are playwrights and have to finish describing the plot of the

play. Read the opera synopsis. What do you think will happen in the third

act. Work in groups and finish the synopsis.

215

DEATH IN PARIS

An Opera in Three Acts

by Zoltan Grmljavina

SYNOPSIS

ACT ONE

Anna, a beautiful 18-year-old-girl, works in a shop in the old town of

Goroda, in Central Moldenia. Her parents are dead; her lover, Boris, is in prison

for revolutionary activities; her employer is very unkind to her. She dreams of a

happier life. One day a royal procession passes in the street. The Grand Duke

sees Anna and falls in love with her. He sends for her; when she goes to the

palace he tells her that she must become his mistress. If not, Boris will die. Ann

agrees. Boris is released from prison; in her letter Anna tells him that she can

never see him again. Boris leaves Moldenia.

ACT TWO

Three years have passed. Anna ahd the Duke are in Paris. The Duke is

dying – he has only six months to live – but the doctors have not told him. Only

Anna knows the truth.

One day, Anna is walking in the Tuileries when a man stops her. It is

Boris. He tells her that he is now a famous artist, rich and successful. He is

married to a Frenchwoman, Yvette; but in his heart he still loves Anna. ‘Come

away with me’, he says. Anna refuses, and Boris says that he will do something

terrible. At this moment, Yvette joins them. Boris tells Yvette that Anna is his

cousin from Moldenia, but Yvette does not believe him.

ACT THREE

Anna and…

2) Present your stories to the whole class. Vote for the most exciting

story ending.

216

ADDITIONAL READING

Text 1. FROM THE HISTORY OF THE BELARUSIAN THEATRE

The Belarusian theatre has a long history. It goes back to rituals and public

merry-making that were part of folk festivities and performances of ancient

skomorokhs and puppeteers of the Batleika theatre. Moreover the Belarusian

batleika, a folk theatre, greatly influenced the Russian theatre. P.A.Bessonov wrote:

‘Thanks to Simeon of Polotsk the court in the times of the tsars Alexey and Peter

the Great was entertained by famous plays of Belarusian origin’.

The Yanka Kupala Belarusian State Academic Theatre, formely the Minsk

Municipal Theatre, is a real pride of our people. It was erected during the

Governorship of the Russian Prince Trubetskoi in 1890. Of course, the exterior of

the building has been substantially modified from the original theatre. The front

was reconstructed after World War II. The auditorium, richly decorated with

mouldings and paintings, had 550 seats in 1890, but facilities were later increased

to 700.

It was not until 1906 that the formerly proscribed Belarusian language

was heard from the stage of the Minsk Municipal Theatre. In 1920 it became the

Belarusian State Theatre and staged the first performance of Kupala’s

‘Pavlinka’. Since then numerous premieres have been staged, including works by

Y.Kupala, K.Krapiva, M.Charot, A.Makaenok, V.Dudarev and many others.

In 1926 the second Belarusian State Theatre was opened in Vitebsk. Now it is

called the Yakub Kolas Belarusian State Academic Theatre. It fostered such

outstanding histrionic performers as V.Krylovich, V.Vladomirsky, E.Stoma,

G.Glebov and others.

The Maxim Gorki Russian Drama Theatre stages masterpieces of

Russian classical drama and plays by English, American, French and German

playwrights.

When one thinks about theatres in Belarus, one can’t but think about the

Belarusian Bolshoi Theatre. The theatre has about 1200 seats and a huge stage, the

217

largest amongst opera-and-ballet stages of the ex-USSR and one of the largest

stages in Europe. The construction of the theatre, designed by the well-known

Soviet architect Iosif Langbard, dragged on for 5 years and was finished only in

1938. The huge structure towers over the surrounding buildings.

At first it was named the National Academy of Opera and Ballet, since the

young company of the theatre set itself a task to create a national Soviet

repertoire first of all. And they succeeded. In 1940 the theatre was awarded the

Order of Lenin and the honorary title Bolshoi, and later in 1964 – the name

‘Academic’ for the ‘high performing standards and varied repertoire’. All these

three were the highest awards in the Soviet arts.

Today the Republic has 17 professional theatres. Besides those mentioned

above, these are the Theatre of Musical Comedy, the Puppet Theatre, the Theatre for

Young Spectators, regional theatres in Gomel, Grodno, Brest, Mogilev, etc.


1. How did the Belarusian theatre originate?

2. How has the building of the Yanka Kupala Belarusian State Academic

Theatre changed over the years?

3. When was the Belarusian language first used in the Belarusian State

Theatre?

4. What do you know about the history if the Belarusian State Theatre in

Vitebsk?

5. What plays are put on at the Maxim Gorki Russian Drama Theatre?

6. What is the Belarusian Bolshoi Theatre famous for?

7. How many professional theatres are there in the Republic nowadays?

Text 2. CONTEMPORARY THEATRE IN BRITAIN

London is one of the leading world centres for drama and theatre.

Contemporary playwrights like Tom Stoppard and Harold Pinter enjoy

considerable success both in Britain and overseas. Peter Brook, Sir Peter Hall

and Trevor Nunn also enjoy international reputations, while many British

218

performers such as Lord Olivier, Vanessa Redgrave, Glenda Jackson or Sir

John Gielgud are household names all over the world.

Britain has about 300 theatres that can seat between 200 and 2,300

people. Most theatres are owned either municipally or by non-profit-distributing

organizations; some of the theatres, however, are privately owned.

In London there are a hundred or so West End and suburban theatres, 12

of these are permanently occupied by subsidized companies. The National

Theatre, the Royal Shakespeare Company and the English Stage Company are

the three most important of these 12 subsidized companies. The National

Theatre stages a wide range of modern and classical plays in its three

auditoriums in the South Bank arts complex. The Royal Shakespeare Company

produces plays by Shakespeare and its contemporaries as well as modern

drama in its two auditoriums in the City’s Barbican centre, while also

performing in Stratford-upon-Avon. The English Stage Company produces the

works of the most talented new playwrights at the Royal Court Theatre.

Outside London most cities and many large towns have at least one

theatre. Some, like the Palace Theatre in Manchester, date from the 19th

century, others like the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield have been built to the latest

design. Some universities, like the one in Exeter, have theatres housing

professional companies playing to the general public.

50 or so of the 300 theatres resident theatre companies which receive

subsidies from the Arts Council. The independent Arts Council of Great Britain

was established in 1946. It gives financial help and advice to organizations

ranging from the major drama companies to the smallest touring theatres and

experimental groups. It encourages interest in contemporary arts and helps

professional creative writes through a variety of subsidy schemes.

Most regional repertory companies mount about eight to ten productions

a year. Some also have studio theatres in addition to their main auditorium.

Successful productions from regional companies often transfer to London’s

219

West End, while the largest regional theatres receive visits from the National

Theatre or the Royal Shakespeare Company. Regional repertory theatres also

frequently function as social centres by accommodating poetry recitals,

concerts or exhibitions. There are several thousand amateur drama societies

throughout Britain. They sometimes receive financial support from local

government, regional art associations and other bodies. There work is also

encouraged by the British theatre Association and the Central Council for

Amateur Theatre. A number of companies, such as the Union Theatre for the

Young and the Folk Children’s Theatre in London, produce plays for children

under 11 years old; the young Vic Company in London and the Contact Theatre

Company in Manchester produce play for teenage audiences. Besides there are

numerous Theatre-in-Education companies which perform in schools for all age

ranges and abilities. Some of these operate independently, while others are

attached to regional repertory theatres.

Dramatic training for actors and stage managers is provided mainly in

drama schools. Among the most important are the Royal Academy of Dramatic

Art, the Central School of Speech and Drama, the London Academy of Music

and Dramatic Art and the Bristol Old Vic School.

Regular seasons of opera and ballet are given at the Royal Opera House,

Covent Garden, London, which receives financial assistance from the Arts

Council. The Royal Opera House has its own company, the Royal Opera, and a

ballet company, the Royal Ballet. The opera company numbers about 200 and

has a permanent orchestra. The Royal Ballet has a regular London season, tours

abroad and performs in the provinces for 12 weeks each year.

Seasons of opera and operetta are given by the Sadler’s Wells Company,

which performs in London and tours both abroad and in the provinces.

Professional training in music is given at colleges of music, of which the Royal

Academy of Music and the Royal College of Music in London, and the Royal

Scottish Academy of Music and Drama in Glasgow are grant-sided.

220


1. How many theatres are there in Great Britain?

2. How many of these are rented or owned by non-profit-making

companies?

3. What body subsidizes the above theatres?

4. In what way are the remainder operated?

5. How many theatres are there in or near the West End of London?

6. Where else are there theatres in London?

7. What kinds of plays does the National Theatre stage?

8. What kinds of plays does the Royal Shakespeare Company present?

9. What kinds of plays does the English Stage Company present?

10. In what ways does the Arts Council assist the theatre in Britain?

11. How many amateur drama societies are there in Britain?

12. What official organizations encourage amateur dramatic societies?

13. What do you know about the Royal Opera House?

Text 3. THEATRES IN THE UNITED STATES

The best-known centre of professional theatre in the United States is New

York City, though Chicago and Los Angeles have become major centres as well.

In addition, resident professional companies exist in many cities.

New York City. The theatres on and near Broadway have long been the

most important force in theatre in the United States. But the increasing expense

of staging a Broadway production has narrowed the range of plays offered.

Producers limit themselves almost entirely to shows that indicate promise of

success or that have been successful elsewhere. As a result, Broadway drama

has less richness and variety than it might have.

The theatre reviews, particularly those of the New York newspapers,

greatly influence the commercial success of a play. If all or most of the reviews

criticize a play severely, the producer normally will close the show. If the play

is the work of a well-known playwright, or has a major star, the advance sale of

221

tickets may save it despite poor reviews. However, a play must be a big box-

office hit to survive long on Broadway. Many productions close after only a few

performances with great losses. On the other hand, some run for years,

especially large, spectacular musicals.

In the 1950s, off-Broadway theatre developed in New York City from

dissatisfaction with conditions on Broadway. Its purpose was to offer an

alternative, more experimental theatre and to present plays of greater artistic

quality than those produced on Broadway. Most off-Broadway theatres were

originally located in the low-rent areas. Most had poorly equipped stages,

limited seating, and few conveniences for the audience. The originality of the

script, the creativeness of the performers, and the low cost of production made

up for such disadvantages. By the 1960s, however, costs began to increase, and

off-Broadway theatre was too often being used to test commercial possibilities.

With the decline of off-Broadway, unknown artists began to present

productions in storefront theatres and lofts. This movement became known as

off-off-Broadway. Since the mid-1960s, these theatres have become a major

force in experimental drama. However, off-off-Broadway also is beginning to

reflect commercial theatre values and standards.

Theatre outside New York City. Starting in the 1950s, resident acting

companies were established in cities throughout the United States. Today, there

are about 350 nonprofit professional theatres.

Most resident theatres perform in their own facilities. Many of them try to

vary their programmes with plays of different periods and styles. Some are

dedicated to producing new plays. Usually, directors and performers are hired

for a single production. Occasionally, they are employed for the entire season.

Most resident theatres have a permanent administration, often including an

artistic director and a managing director.

Most resident theatres operate subscription seasons. The subscription

plan assures audiences of seats for every show at reduced prices. Subscription

222

sales allow theatres to get a considerable amount of money before the season

begins. This protects the institutions from severe financial loss if one or more of

the season’s shows is a failure.

Nonprofessional theatre groups exist throughout the United States. They

include college and high school groups and community theatres. Many theatres

and universities have theatre and drama departments. They produce plays as

part of the education of their students and as a service to the community.


1. What is the centre of professional theatre in the United States?

2. Why does Broadway drama have less richness and variety than it

might have?

3. How do the theatre reviews influence the commercial success of a

play?

4. What is off-Broadway theatre?

5. How did off-off-Broadway theatre emerge?

6. What changes took place in the off-Broadway and the off-off-

Broadway theatres?

7. How many nonprofit professional theatres are there in the United

States?

8. What productions do professional theatres outside New York City put

on?

9. What is a subscription season?

10. What are the peculiar features of nonprofessional theatre groups?

223

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