Innovative Products & Services

for Today’s Natural Gas Industry

Odor Fade Methods of proper preparation & mitigation for different scenarios

Situations that occur on a regular basis

Odorant Loss in New Piping

Geno’s / Tony Lukes

Ashburn Alley

Meter Set

Fairmount Fries

Terrace Level

Franklin Sq Pizza

Concourse Level

Diamond Club

McFaddens

Concourse Level

Schmitter

Concourse Level

Harry the Ks

Club (Upper) Level

Approximate

Location of 6” Loop

Odorizer

Technical

Results

Geno’s / Tony Lukes

Ashburn Alley

Meter Set

Fairmount Fries

Terrace Level

Franklin Sq Pizza

Concourse Level

Diamond Club

McFaddens

Concourse Level

Schmitter

Concourse Level

Harry the Ks

Club (Upper) Level

Approximate

Location of 6” Loop

Chemical Analysis Results

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McFaddensrestaurant

Inlet to Meter

Chemical Analysis Results

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Harry the K's

Inlet to Meter

Chemical Analysis Results

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McFaddens

restaurant

Inlet to Meter

Chemical Analysis Results

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Harry the K's

Inlet to Meter

Chemical Analysis Results

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MC

F

Geno's steak

Inlet to Meter

Chemical Analysis Results

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McFaddensrestaurant

Inlet to Meter (CityGas)

Chemical Analysis Results

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McFaddensrestaurant

Inlet to Meter

Odorant Injection

Chemical Analysis Results

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Geno's steak

Inlet to Meter Odorant Injection

Chemical Analysis Results

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Harry the K's

Inlet to Meter Odorant Injection

Final Sniff Test Results

March 23, 2006

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McFaddens

restaurant

Harry the K's Geno's steak Schmitters Inlet to Meter

Location

% G

as

in

Air

Final Chemical Analysis

May 4, 2006

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McFaddens

restaurant

Harry the K's Geno's steak Schmitters Inlet to Meter

Location

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CF

Correct techniques – Key Issues

Consider the following prior to developing an approach

•Key is to get a good understanding of what we are trying to accomplish

– Newly installed steel or plastic pipe

– Odor masking or odor fade – What is the issue?

– Re-establish weak odorant levels

•What does the system look like.

– Long line to a single large customer?

– Line with multiple branches?

– Multiple customers

Correct Techniques – Key Issues (cont.)

• Where is the gas coming from? – Marcellus Gas

• We are seeing an impact to long established odorization practices

• Where in the construction process are we? – Can “pickling” be done at the right time

to simplify the process

– Many times we run into strict time constraints • limiting our ability to do this properly

• Limit or reduce the risk.

– Too early in the process can also cause issues

• Tie-in after we pickled the line

– Goes back to understanding the process

Correct Techniques – Key Issues (Cont.)

• Where is the gas going? – Large Distribution system

– Large single customer

– High pressure line to a medium pressure district regulator station

– Industrial Park or Residential Neighborhood.

• We don’t “slug” the line. – We systematically add a

predetermined amount of odorant based on:

• The application

• The kind and length of pipe

• “fogging” or “inject”

• Measuring our progress along the way

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Typical Situations – New Steel Pipe

• University Campus Project – Inner City

– 13,000ft. 12” Pipe

– New District Regulator station to Steam Plant • Large single end user

• Supplemental feed into Distribution System

Keys to Success – New Steel Pipe

• Meeting with Utility and University to clearly understand the scope of the project and “restrictions” we needed to adhere to. – Provide a clearly defined scope and

process so there was a clear understanding of what was going to be done and when

– Size, length, and type of pipe

– Our environment • dense population vs. remote area

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Keys to Success – New Steel Pipe

• Due to restrictions posed by the university we were required to “pickle” in the opposite direction of normal flow – Not an issue under the right

circumstances

• Learned of a “change in strategy” during the process – Proper “lock-out” – “tag-out”

prevented potential issue

– Steam plant vs. Distribution System

• University service line entering the steam plant

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New long length of plastic pipe

• PM High School – New Regulator Station with Heater

– Asked to “pickle” the line

• 9000 ft. of 6” Plastic Pipe

– Could not smell the gas during during purge process when starting the heater

– Performed “sniff” tests and Odor-Handy test at both ends of the station

• Gas from Supplier did not have proper odorant levels

– Two issues needed to be resolved

» higher injection rates from supplier

» Pickling the 6000 ft. of plastic pipe to PM High School

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Key to Success – Plastic Pipe

• Initial approach would not have resolved the issue at hand

• Due diligence to clearly understand the issue – Prior to developing the solution

• Cooperation from the suppler and the distribution company

• Once incoming odorant levels were established

– Very light concentration of odorant during the line packing process.

– Monitor on a tighter than normal schedule to make sure odorant levels are sustainable

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Large Facilities

• Global Foundries – 340 ft. of 16” Main inside a very

large industrial facility under construction

– Four large boilers and several smaller natural gas feed processes

– 1,000 plus construction worker on-site during this process

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Large Facilities - Key to Success

• 100% sure interior piping was leak-free

• Proper “lock-out” –”tag-out” to prevent anyone from inadvertently opening a valve

• Sending 100’s of workers to the exits due to a suspected gas leak was not part of the scope!

• Walk through and systematically opening valves to control the process was the key.

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Multi-floor facilities

• Harvard University / Brown University – Loss of Odorant in establish

systems

– Changes in elevations

• Caring the odorant to the top floors of facilities

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Pickling vs Supplemental Odorization

• Important to note that this is not an exact science – We apply the approach we feel

give us the best chance for success

• Pickling – Part of the planning process

• Single End User vs. Distribution System

• Need time for odorant drop out to the pipe walls

• Ramifications of not doing it correctly

• Supplemental Odorization – Why or when would we use this

approach.

How do we measure our progress?

• Slow and stead approach – Natural tendency is to what to

“over-react”.

• Could take time for the proper results to show up.

• Sniff test vs. measured mercaptan levels – Know what you are up against

• Odor masking vs. Odor Fade

• Which odorant blend would work best

Odor Fade

• Loss of Odorant Inside the Pipe

– Due to adsorption

– Adhesion of molecules to pipe surface

• Specifically in:

– New Steel or Plastic Pipe

– Variable Velocities of the Gas

– Dirty Pipe

– Oxidation on the Pipe

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Odor Masking

• One Odorant can Overpower the Sensation of Another

• Specifically From:

– Naturally occurring Mercaptan

– Heavy Hydrocarbons

– Gas Condensates

– Water

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Questions?

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