October 18, 2010

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DRILL

1. Using your “Employment by Sectors” graph, in approximately what year did industrial employment reach its peak?

2. Based on the graph, what has been the general trend in employment in the agricultural sector?

3. What are two ways that using a rubric can improve your performance in class?

1. 1950 2. Down

• In the guidelines beneath your graph and using your graph, complete the following in no fewer than 2 paragraphs:– Explain in detail how the way people live and

work has changed throughout history because of technology. Refer to the graph and give examples.

Classwork

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The History of Technology

• Knowledge of the history of technology helps people understand the world around them by seeing how people of all times and places have increased their capability by using their unique skills to innovate, improvise, and invent.

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• People of all times and places have increased their capability by?– Innovating – to do something in a new way;

to make changes (refer to handout).– Improvising – to make or fabricate out of

what is conveniently at hand– Inventing – to devise, for the first time, by

thinking• What role does technology play in the way

people live, work, and produce things?

HISTORY and TECHNOLOGY

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• Use of fire• Unpolished stone tools• Sculpture• Musical instruments• Burial of the dead• Cave dwellings• Cave paintings• Stone axes• Bone needles• Hearth sites

Temporary site of ancient hunters. Stone implements used as tools.

HOW DID IT CHANGE LIVES?

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PALEOLITHIC AGE

Mesolithic Age 10,000 BCE-4000 BCE

• Characterized by the rise to dominance of microlithics (very small geometric form tools commonly used in composite tools)

• Artifacts: leatherwork, basketry, fishing tackle, stone axes and wooden objects, canoes and bows, domesticating animals, stone circles, henges

• Impact on history: The gradual domestication of plants and animals led to the beginnings of settled communities.

Housing

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• Microliths• Sails• Wheel and axle• Leatherwork• Basketry• Fishing tackle• Stone axes• Canoes• Bows• Domesticated animals• Stone circles• Sickles

Use of natural materials to create baskets

HOW DID IT CHANGE LIVES?

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MESOLITHIC AGE

Neolithic Age 4000 BCE-2300 BCE

• Characterized by the development of agriculture and an increasing emphasis on year-round settlements.

• Artifacts: pottery, polished stone tools, spinning and weaving tools, wooden plows, sickles.

• Impact on history: dependable year-round food supply enables division of labor and specialization that spurs invention and innovation.

Pottery

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HOW DID IT CHANGE LIVES?

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NEOLITHIC AGE

1. Stone and mud brick dwellings

2. Pottery

3. Polished stone tools

4. Spinning and weaving tools

5. Wooden and stone plows

Painted pottery basin

Bronze Age 2300 BCE-700 BCE

• Characterized by the earliest civilizations and the development of metallurgy, mainly the combining of copper and tin to make bronze

• Artifacts: bronze jewelry, tools, weapons

• Impact on history: stone tools were gradually replaced by metal ones that enabled humans to alter their environment at a great rate.

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Weapons

HOW DID IT CHANGE LIVES?

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BRONZE AGE

• Metal pots and pans• Pottery wheel• Chariot• Pulley• Metal jewelry• Metal tools• Metal weapons

Bronze Age palstave axe and spear.

Iron Age 700 BCE-450 CE

• Characterized by iron used as the main metal

• Artifacts: iron chisels, ornamental jewelry, swords, axes, spearheads

• Impact on history: military dominance for uses of iron weapons and the use of iron bladed plows enabled humans to increase food production.

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Jewelry

HOW DID IT CHANGE LIVES?

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IRON AGE

• Block and tackle• Pump• Lathe• Iron dagger• Iron chisel• Iron axe• Iron spearhead

An illustration of a typical Iron Age farmhouse

Middle Ages 450-1400 CE

• Period of time between the fall of Rome and the Renaissance

• Artifacts: wheeled plow, horseshoes, waterwheels, windmill, cast iron, cannons, compass, ocean going ships

• Impact on history: rise of money and capitalism, rise and fall of feudalism, beginning of urbanization and industrialization.

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Windmills

HOW DID IT CHANGE LIVES?

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MIDDLE AGES• Waterwheel• Windmill• Cannon• Mechanical clock• Wheeled plow• Horseshoes• Stirrups• Crank• Compass• Ocean-going ships

Waterwheel used to power machines

Renaissance/Enlightenment 1400-1750 CE

• Characterized by the Humanistic revival of classical influence

• Artifacts: telescope, microscope, thermometer, clocks, barometer

• Impact on history: Instrumentation allowed scientists to observe and test natural phenomena.

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Galileo’s Telescope

HOW DID IT CHANGE LIVES?

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RENAISSANCE

• Telescope• Microscope• Thermometer• Barometer• Printing press• Rifle This is the telescope that Galileo

created in 1601

Industrial Age 1750-1950 CE

• Characterized by the first use of complex machinery, factories and social changes from agricultural societies.

• Artifacts: steam engine, electricity, automobile, airplane, radio, television, telephone, rocket

• Impact on history: gave rise to urban centers requiring municipal services, population expansion and improvement in living standards.

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Steam Engine

HOW DID IT CHANGE LIVES?

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INDUSTRIAL AGE

• Steam engine• Electricity• Automobile• Airplane• Radio• Television• Telephone• Rocket Rockets sending satellites to orbit

Earth.

Information Age 1950 CE-Present

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Artificial Heart

• Characterized by the gathering, manipulation, classification, storage and retrieval of information.

• Artifacts: transistor, IC, computer, satellite, digital photography, artificial heart, nuclear power plant, space shuttle.

• Impact on history: decentralization of decision making and empowering more people

HOW DID IT CHANGE LIVES?

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INFORMATION AGE

• Transistor• Integrated circuit• Computer• Communication

satellites• Digital photography• Artificial heart• Nuclear power plants• Space shuttle

Artificial Heart

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HOMEWORK

• Interview an older family member about the most significant technological advancement in their lives. Why do they say this is the most important technological advancement? What would life be like without it?