ocn 201 biology lecture 5 grieg steward€¦ · •found everywhere • decompose particles and...

Planktonic ConsumersOCN 201 Biology Lecture 5Grieg Steward

Jean Marie Cavanihachttp://forum.mikroscopia.com/index.php?showtopic=2503&mode=linearplus

Tuesday, November 18, 2014

http://forum.mikroscopia.com/index.php?showtopic=2503&mode=linearplus

http://forum.mikroscopia.com/index.php?showtopic=2503&mode=linearplus

• Grazers (Herbivore)

• Predators (Herbivore or Carnivore, or Omnivore)

• Parasites

• Scavengers

• Decomposers

Consumer Types

Intimate, prolonged interaction between two organisms where one feeds on the other without killing it

Consume things already dead

Final degraders of organic compounds

Kill their prey

Eat vegetation but typically do not kill it


Large Grazers

http://www.ejfoundation.org/modules/PagEd/medipics/manatee-feeding-on-seagrass.jpg

Examples

Manatee grazing on sea grass urchin eating kelp

Other examples from video: crabs and marine iguana feeding on macroalgae




Predators

• Most primary production in the sea is by microscopic single-cell organisms

• Therefore, most primary consumers in the ocean are also microscopic!


• Flagellates (1-10 µm)

• Ciliates (100 µm)

• Amoeboid• Radiolaria (0.5 mm)

silica skeleton

• Foraminifera (1 mm) calcium carbonate shell

Protistan Predators(protozooplankton)


Heterotrophic Flagellates

1 µm

Pseudobobo tremulans

Monosiga sp.

1 µm

Ciliates


Amoeboid Protists

http://www.microscopyu.com/staticgallery/smallworld/2008/id2008-walz.html

Bernd Walz

Robert Brons

Silica skeletonRadiolariansGlobigerinella

ForaminiferaCalcium carbonate shells








• No Mouth - Ingest particles mostly by phagocytosis.What do they eat?-bacteria-phytoplankton

• Digest particles in food vacuole inside the cell (in some cases, outside the cell)

Protozoa

Phagocytosis


Planktonic Animal Herbivores

• Crustaceans

✦ Copepods✦ Euphausiids (Krill)

• Tunicates✦ salps✦ larvaceans✦ pyrosomes

Steven Haddock

Laurence Madin

http://fishweb.ifas.ufl.edu/planktonweb/Cyclops.jpg




• Gelatinous

• Pelagic

• Often colonial

• Major consumers of phytoplankton

Tunicates: Salps


• Small larva-like

• Secretes a mucus mesh “house”

• Uses tail to create feeding current

• Catches food on filter

Tunicates: Larvaceans


Tunicates: Pyrosomes

http://www.hawaiisfishes.com/inverts/tunicates/neattunicates.htmJohn P. Hoover

Colonial pelagic

tunciates

Filter feedersknown for their

brilliant bioluminescence


http://www.hawaiisfishes.com/inverts/tunicates/neattunicates.htm






ParasitesLeeches (Segmented Worms)

Nematodes (Roundworms)


ScavengersSome fish, sharks, molluscs, crustaceans, etc.


Decomposers

Bacteria Fungi


• Found everywhere

• Decompose particles and dead organic material in the ocean

• No Mouths - digest food outside of the cell

• Take up small molecules through special channels (porins, transporters)

• Larger molecules and particles have to be digested with cell-surface enzymes to make smaller molecules that can be transported

• Many are motile (they move) using a flagellum

Heterotrophic Prokaryotes

Zoom in on membraneFlagellum

Bacterial Cell


ocn 201 biology lecture 5 grieg steward€¦ · •found everywhere • decompose particles and...

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