oceans and the sea
DESCRIPTION
Oceans and the Sea. Or: Water, water everywhere, nor any drop to drink…. How much water is there?. http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=jKOmNGEi0DY http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AxF-PdnecXw. How much water is there?. 332,500,000 cubic miles all told. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
OCEANS AND THE SEAOr: Water, water everywhere, nor any drop to drink…
HOW MUCH WATER IS THERE? http://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=jKOmNGEi0DY http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AxF-Pdnec
Xw
HOW MUCH WATER IS THERE? 332,500,000 cubic miles all told. That’s a sphere 860 miles in diameter (USGS)
CREATING A WATER BUDGET In the next several slides we will create what
is known as a water budget. This will help us account for all of the water on Earth.
WHERE IS ALL OF THAT WATER? Lets list some places where we find water…
WATER BUDGET Create a “T” chart on the page in your notes.
It will need to be about 9-10 lines tall and full width on your page.
WATER BUDGETLocation Percentage
Oceans 96.5%Saline lakes and g.w. About 1%Fresh water 2.5%Numbers below are % of the fresh water. Glaciers and Ice Caps about 68% Lakes and rivers about .5 % Ground Water about 30% Soil moisture about .005% Atmosphere about .0001% Plants and Animals about .0001%
OCEAN WATER
WHAT MAKES SEAWATER… WELL… SEAWATER? Seawater is salty. This property is known as SALINITY.
The amount of dissolved solids in seawater. Expressed in parts per thousand
RULE OF CONSTANT COMPOSITION This states that the major components of salt
in the Oceans are the same all over the world Do not be tempted to think that this means
all seawater is equally salty across the globe.
6 CONSTANT COMPOSITION COMPONENTS Chloride- Cl- 19.10g/1000g seawater Sodium- Na+ 10.62 g/1000g seawater Sulfate- SO4
-2 2.66 g/1000g seawater Magnesium- Mg+2 1.28 g/1000g seawater Calcium- Ca+2 0.40 g/1000g seawater Potassium- K+ 0.38 g/1000g seawater
WHAT ELSE IS DISSOLVED IN THE OCEAN? Gasses
Oxygen and Nitrogen- the main gasses in seawater
Carbon Dioxide- while not a major component of the atmosphere, there is a large amount of it in seawater.
CARBON DIOXIDE AND THE OCEAN The ocean holds about 60% more Carbon
Dioxide than the atmosphere This means the ocean is a Carbon Sink
Capture and holds extra carbon dioxide Since this gas traps and holds heat from the
Sun, the ocean is important in helping to maintain Earth’s temperature
FACTORS THAT CHANGE THINGS Warmer Temperatures
Less gas, more solids Lower dissolved gas, higher salinity
Cooler Temperatures More gas dissolved, less solids Higher dissolved gas, lower salinity
Precipitation More precipitation means lower salinity
SEAWATER SALINITY AT 10 M DEPTH
CROSS SECTION SHOWING DIFFERENT SALINITY AT DIFFERENT DEPTHS
WHERE DOES SALINITY COME FROM? The salt in the ocean was once part of a rock. These minerals weather out of the rocks and
are carried to the sea.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iSJggIWlH9w
OCEAN TEMPERATURE The ocean has layers
with different temperatures
The layer where the temperature changes fastest is the Thermocline
TEMPERATURE ALSO EFFECTS Much like with the mantle of the Earth, warm
water is less dense than cold water The heating and cooling of seawater drives
some circulation in the ocean.