Oceanographic Patterns in ECCO & Satellite Imagery with Applications to Fisheries

Li Luo and Dale Kiefer

11/01/2012

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Our work with ECCO• We have imported output of ECCO simulation of global circulation into the

EASy Marine Geographical Information System that we have developed. We can now more easily merge such output with satellite imagery, models of plankton, and fishery dynamics. As one example ECCO has been incorporated into USC’s web-based information system dealing with climate change and the Southern California Bight.

• We have conducted EOF analyses to determine the goodness of fit between ECCO simulations and satellite imagery of SST, SSChl, and SSH. We will employ ECCO to better understand the patterns that we have observed in these analyses.

• Using ECCO output, we have explored the factors shaping to the spatial/temporal distribution of catch, effort, and recruitment of fisheries:• Tuna of the Eastern Pacific• Thresher, Blue, and Mako sharks of the California Current• Menhaden of the Gulf Stream• Sardines of Canary Current off Morocco

Bight Watch Information System

GISStatistical Tools EOF, pattern assessment, correlation analyses, predictor

Biogeochemical Models Plankton, Productivity, Nutrient, CO2, O2

Fishery Models Small and Large Pelagics

satellite imagerye.g. GHRSST,

SSChl, AVISO SLA

ocean resourcese.g. CALCOFI,

SWFSC

circulation modelse.g. ECCO, S.C. ROMS

ocean monitoring e.g. Buoys, Scripps

Pier, SPOT, SCCWRP

Time Series Information

UtilityTest models Explore Linkages Track Climatic Drivers Identify Anomalies

ENSO, PDO, EMI, NPGO

Bight Watch GIS Architecture

EASy

DatabaseImagery & Model OutputGE/GM

Desktop

NetViewer

GoogleEarth

Spatial Analysis

Service

Custom Data

EASy Infrastructure

Reg. DataEOF XLS

Batch File

‘R’Data File

PNG File

Script File

‘R’ InterfaceGE/GM Files

GoogleMaps

Google PHAMLite

Outline

EOF Results Comparison between Aviso satellite data and ECCO SSH model data across three spatial scales.

Application of ECCO & Satellite imagery In Fishery.

EOF Results Comparison between Aviso satellite data and ECCO SSH model data

across three spatial scales

North Pacific Basin

West Coast of North AmericaSouthern California Bight

(Latitude [-29.5 52.5] Longitude [-217.75 -71.75])

(Latitude: [22.5 48.25]Longitude: [-130 -105.25])

(Latitude: [30.75 34.75]Longitude: [-120.75 -116])

Study Area

ECCO AVISOEOF Results Comparison between Aviso satellite data and ECCO model data

Mode 1

Mode 2

Mode 3

The First Three EOF Spatial Patterns Modes (the North Pacific Basin)

Mode1ECCO: 16.5%Aviso: 14.3%

r = 0.94

Mode 2ECCO: 6.2%Aviso: 6.8%

r=0.85

Mode3ECCO: 5.1%Aviso: 4.4%

r=0.91

The First Three Temporal expansion coefficients of EOF Spatial Patterns Modes (the North Pacific Basin)

Mode 1

Mode 2

Mode 3

ECCO AVISO

The First Three EOF Spatial Patterns Modes (the West Coast of North America)

Mode 1ECCO: 60.6%Aviso: 31.0%

r=0.80

Mode 2ECCO: 6.1%Aviso: 5.0%

r=0.74

Mode 3ECCO: 3.4%Aviso: 3.4%

r=0.36

The First Three Temporal expansion coefficients of EOF Spatial Patterns Modes (the West Coast of North America)

Mode 1

Mode 2

Mode 3

ECCO AVISO

The First Three EOF Spatial Patterns Modes (the Southern California Bight)

Mode 1ECCO: 69.6%Aviso: 47.8%

r=0.8

Mode 2ECCO: 7.8%

Aviso: 12.2%r=0.34

Mode 3ECCO: 4.5%Aviso: 6.8%

r=-0.02

The First Three Temporal expansion coefficients of EOF Spatial Patterns Modes (the Southern California Bight)

EOF Mode

North Pacific Basin

West Coast of North America

Southern California Bight

1 0.94 0.80 0.802 0.85 0.74 0.343 0.91 0.36 -0.02

Correlation Coefficients between Aviso Satellite imagery and ECCO Model Data

ModePacific West Bight

ECCO Aviso ECCO Aviso ECCO Aviso

1 16.5 14.3 60.6 31.0 69.6 47.8

2 6.2 6.8 6.1 5.0 7.8 12.2

3 5.1 4.4 3.4 3.4 4.5 6.8

Percentage of the total variance explained by each mode (%)

Application of Satellite imagery and ECCO In Fishery

MODIS. Chlorophyll. February 2007

Annual Average O2 at 150 m

ECCO currents and 1 degree skipjack caught on fish aggregation devicesAugust 1998

FAD and Shear Attraction

ECCO currents, and 1 degree yellowfin dolphin setsApril 1999

Vorticity and Shear shapes the distribution of catch and effort

Conclusions• The correlation coefficient between each pair of the EOF

mode temporal expansion coefficients for the AVISO imagery and ECCO calculations across all the three spatial scales suggested that the SSH values from ECCO model matched well with the real satellite imagery for the large scale such as the North Pacific Basin. The match appears less significant on smaller scales.

• It appears that patterns in circulation in the Eastern Pacific helps greatly to explain the distribution of catch, effort, and recruitment of tuna.

Thanks!

EOF Results Comparison between SST, SSH and SSChl satellite data

for the North Pacific Basin

Mode 1SST: 20.9%

ChlA: 10.6%SSH: 14.3%

Mode 2SST: 7.6%

ChlA: 8.3%SSH: 6.8%

Mode 3SST: 6.5%

ChlA: 6.1%SSH: 4.4%

The comparison of EOF results of SST, SSH, and Chlorophyll within north pacific basin area

SST – GHRSSTChlA – SeaWiFS SSH – AVISO

SST

ChlA

SSH

The First Two EOF Spatial Patterns ModesMode 1 Mode 2