oceanic carbon cycle
DESCRIPTION
Vulnerability of the ocean biological pump Corinne Le Qu éré University of East Anglia and British Antarctic Survey. biological activity. CO 2 + H 2 O + CO 2- 3 2HCO - 3. 33. 11. 11. physical transport. oceanic carbon cycle. numbers in PgC/yr. atmosphere. 90. CO 2. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Vulnerability of the ocean
biological pump
Corinne Le Quéré
University of East Anglia and British Antarctic
Survey
oceanic carbon cycle
45
34
physical transport
11
33
CO2
CO2 + H2O + CO2-3 2HCO-
3
chemical reactions
90
numbers in PgC/yr
biological activity
11
atmosphere
ocean
surface
mixed layer depth
atmosphere
100 m
biological activity
real surface
atmosphere
100 m
biological activity
Ecosystem composition
Export
11 PgC/y
Respiration
34 PgC/y
Primary Production
45 PgC/y
pico-heterotrophsbacteria
phyto-plankton
pico-autotrophs
N2-fixers
calcifiers
DMS-producers
mixed
silicifiers
zoo-plankton
proto
meso
macro
what controls export?
phyto-plankton
pico-autotrophs
N2-fixers
calcifiers
DMS-producersmixed
silicifiers
Primary Production
45 PgC/y
what they do
phyto-plankton
pico-autotrophs
N2-fixers
calcifiers
DMS-producersmixed
silicifiers
what they do
these bloom
phyto-plankton
pico-autotrophs
N2-fixers
calcifiers
DMS-producersmixed
silicifiers
what they do
these form shells
phyto-plankton
pico-autotrophs
N2-fixers
calcifiers
DMS-producersmixed
silicifiers
what they do
these respond to
pH
phyto-plankton
pico-autotrophs
N2-fixers
calcifiers
DMS-producersmixed
silicifiers
what they do
these float
phyto-plankton
pico-autotrophs
N2-fixers
calcifiers
DMS-producersmixed
silicifiers
what they need
Fe P N
Fe P N
Fe P NFe P NFe P N
Fe P N Si
Respiration
34 PgC/ypico-heterotrophsbacteria
zoo-plankton
proto
meso
macro
what they do
pico-heterotrophsbacteria
zoo-plankton
proto
meso
macro
what they do
these control blooms
pico-heterotrophsbacteria
zoo-plankton
proto
meso
macro
what they do
these produce big
feacal pellets
pico-heterotrophsbacteria
zoo-plankton
proto
meso
macro
what they need
F O O D
F O O D
F O O D
F O O D
time scale
phytoplankton turnover time:
1 week
bacterial respiration:
1 day
sinking rate:
50 m/day
zooplankton turnover time:
1-many weeks
time scale
a few +1 days
a few days
pico-heterotrophspico-heterotrophs
phyto-phyto-planktonplankton
zoo-zoo-planktonplankton
pico-autotrophspico-autotrophs
NN22-fixers-fixers
calcifierscalcifiers
DMS-producersDMS-producersmixedmixed
silicifierssilicifiers
bacteriabacteria
protoproto
mesomeso
macromacro
HOT SPOTS:HOT SPOTS:
Export
11 PgC/y
Respiration
34 PgC/y
Primary Production
45 PgC/yQQ1010=1.9=1.9
QQ1010=2.2=2.2
QQ1010=3.0=3.0
TEMPERATURE RESPONSETEMPERATURE RESPONSE
pico-heterotrophspico-heterotrophs
phyto-phyto-planktonplankton
zoo-zoo-planktonplankton
pico-autotrophspico-autotrophs
NN22-fixers-fixers
reduced ballast reduced ballast
DMS-producersDMS-producersmixedmixed
silicifierssilicifiers
bacteriabacteria
protoproto
mesomeso
macromacro
HOT SPOTS:HOT SPOTS:
Export
11 PgC/y
Respiration
34 PgC/y
Primary Production
45 PgC/y
pH RESPONSEpH RESPONSE
pico-heterotrophspico-heterotrophs
phyto-phyto-planktonplankton
zoo-zoo-planktonplankton
pico-autotrophspico-autotrophs
NN22-fixers-fixers
calcifierscalcifiers
DMS-producersDMS-producersmixedmixed
silicifierssilicifiers
bacteriabacteria
protoproto
mesomeso
macromacro
HOT SPOTS:HOT SPOTS:
Export
11 PgC/y
Respiration
34 PgC/y
Primary Production
45 PgC/y
RESPONSE TO STRATIFICATIONRESPONSE TO STRATIFICATION
??
oceanic carbon cycle
45
34
physical transport
11
33
CO2
CO2 + H2O + CO2-3 2HCO-
3
chemical reactions
90
numbers in PgC/yr
biological activity
11
atmosphere
ocean
CO2 sink (PgC/y)Exp
ort
(P
gC
/y)
410
14
0
in one decade
what controls export?
the ecosystem compositionand
the physical transport
what controls export in models?
the ecosystem composition=
the physical transport
models
PhytoPO4
DOC Zoo
POC
export
air-sea fluxes
CLI MATE RES PONSE O F OCEAN IC UPTAKE
Sarmientoet al. (1998)
Matear andHirst (1999)
J oos et al.(1999)
T ime Span 1990-2065 1850-2100 1765-2100
Warm ing Eff ect -11% -12% -13%
Anthropogenic Effect -22% -10% -3%
Biological Pump +24% +8% +6%
TOTA L -9% -14% -10%
(slide adapted from J. Sarmiento)
observations?
Global changes in Atmospheric Potential Oxygen
models only
Global changes in Atmospheric Potential Oxygen
Slide not available because the data is not published. APO data shows at least 2x more
variability than the models.
NPZD
DGOM
Interannual chla variability (mgChl/m3)
PISCES-T
Observations (SeaWiFS)
Calcifiers
PO
4
Fe
PO4
DOC Zoo
POC
export
NPZD
DGOM
Interannual chla variability (percent)
PISCES-T
Observations (SeaWiFS)
model projection of climate change in 2060
temperature
ice cover
mixed layer depth
Impact of climate change on the CO2 sink in 2060 (mol/m2/y)
Calcifiers
PO
4
Fe
(Preliminary result from E. T. Buitenhuis)
what comes now?
truth(what is the vulnerabilit
y of the marine
biological pump?)
illusion
time
evolution of model results
time
chaos
illusion
evolution of model results
truth(what is the vulnerabilit
y of the marine
biological pump?)
illusion chaos
relief
time
evolution of model resultsocean
biogeochemistry models
truth(what is the vulnerabilit
y of the marine
biological pump?)
thanks to Erik T. Buitenhuis and Olivier Aumont for providing model codes and results