ocean pollution. think about it…. how could ocean pollution affect your life? think of ways you...
TRANSCRIPT
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Ocean Pollution
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Think about it….• How could ocean pollution
affect your life?
• Think of ways you contribute to ocean pollution in your daily life.
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Review
• Non-Point Source Pollution – – comes from many sources
• Point-Source Pollution – – one specific source
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Non-Point source pollution
• Most ocean pollution is non-point source
• Human activities on land pollute streams and rivers which flow to oceans
• Stormwater runoff and agricultural runoff are the most common sources. They increase nutrients too much and cause algal blooms. Dissolved oxygen levels drop and cause fish to die = EUTRIFICATION!
• Difficult to control and clean
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Plastics- the beginning
• Cheap and durable
• Alternative to glass and animal products such as ivory
• Could be used to replicate a variety of materials
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Plastics- the problem
• Most types created from the fossil fuel, petroleum, a non-renewable resource
• Used in a lot of packaging- a large part of the waste in our landfills
• Takes a long time to break down- we don’t know how long!
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Plastics- the problem
• A lot of plastic never makes it to a landfill
• Ends up in habitats of many animals
• Pollutes the ocean
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Albatrosses on Midway atoll. Photo Source: dailylife
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Haitian Coast. Photo Source: unknown http://www.wavesofchange.org/articles/view/204530/?topic=17098
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Ways to reduce plastic waste…
• Reduce- use less plastic by using reusable bags, containers, bottles.
• Reuse- plastic bags from the grocery store can be used multiple times
• Recycle- plastic is recyclable! And please don’t litter…
• Re-buy- buy goods made from recycled materials whenever possible!
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Recyclability of Common Materials…
• Aluminum cans: infinitely, and aluminum is a valuable resource!
• Paper: 5-7 times to make new paper, after that must be mixed with something else or used to create something else.
• Cardboard: many times• Glass: infinitely, doesn’t lose quality, and cheaper to
recycle than make new glass• Plastics: once to make same item, then must be
created into something else such as fabrics, furniture, and carpet
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Trash Patches• Pacific – World’s worst example of pollution
• Twice the size of Texas
• Floating soup of plastic bags • and other goods which has • collected over many years • because the clockwise, circular • current and lack of wind drives • floating debris into the center • of the gyre.
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click on picture to see video
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So what?
• A turtle found dead in Hawaii had over a thousand pieces of plastic in its stomach and intestines.
• It has is estimated that over a million sea-birds and one hundred thousand marine mammals and sea turtles are killed each year by ingestion of plastics or entanglement.
• Animals can become entangled in discarded netting and line.
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CAUTION
Not for those with weak stomachs!
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There is more than one gyre…
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Point-source pollution
• Clean-up is still difficult but it’s easier than cleaning up non-point source pollution– Trash dumping– Sludge dumping– Oil spills
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Trash Dumping
• 1980’s scientists became alarmed at the kinds of trash in our oceans (bandages, vials of blood – contained AIDS, syringes)
• Found that hospitals dumped 3 million tons of medical waste/year = 6,000,000,000 pounds of trash
• Stricter laws created and now it is buried in landfills
• Some trash dumping still occurring in deep ocean by some countries
• EFFECTS: trash (especially plastic) harmful to animals b/c they mistake it for food
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Sludge Dumping
• Sludge from raw sewage dumped into oceans
• Dumped offshore with hopes of it sinking to bottom, BUT due to currents, often it is moved closer to shore where it pollutes beaches and kills animals/plants
• Banned in most places but some countries still dump
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Oil Spills
• Oil is in high demand all over the world• Transported in huge tankers across oceans• Oil spills occur when oil is not handled properly
• EFFECTS: – Countless animals and plants die.– Even after clean up, environment will suffer for
decades
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Only 5% of oil pollution is from oil spills
Most of oil that pollutes oceans is non-point source from cities and towns
BUT…
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Saving our Ocean Resources• Citizens of countries have acted by petitioning their
government for stricter laws and starting events like “beach clean-ups”
• United States – 1972 – “Clean Water Act” put EPA in charge of issuing permits for ocean dumping
• United States – 1972 – “US Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act” – prohibit dumping of any material that would affect human health or welfare, the marine environment or ecosystems, or businesses that depend on the ocean.
• 1989 – Several nations joined together to pass a treaty that prohibits dumping of certain metals, plastics, oil and radioactive waste
• Dumping and oil spills still occur• Enforcing laws is difficult b/c oceans take up 71 % of the
Earth, hard to monitor
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Cleaning it upImagine that you are in charge of the ocean plastics clean up design a way to clean up the plastics with minimal harm to the ocean biosystem.
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Now compare and contrast your solution with
click on picture to see video
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Quick Quiz
1. List three types of ocean pollution.
2. Raw sewage dumping is which type of ocean pollution?
3. What would be an example of non-point source pollution? Point-source pollution?
4. How can trash dumping and sludge dumping affect food webs/chains in the ocean?