ocean governance in samoa: a case study of ocean ... · iucn-oceania pacific ocean 2020 challenge...
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Ocean governance in Ocean governance in
Samoa: A case study of Samoa: A case study of
ocean governance in the ocean governance in the
South PacificSouth Pacific
AnamaAnama SolofaSolofa
UNUN--Nippon Foundation of Japan FellowshipNippon Foundation of Japan Fellowship
20092009--20102010
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Outline:Outline:
I.I. Ocean governance in the South PacificOcean governance in the South Pacific
II.II. Implementing regional ocean Implementing regional ocean
governance measures at the national governance measures at the national
level in Samoalevel in Samoa
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The Pacific Region and its diversity…
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Common ocean, shared problemsCommon ocean, shared problems
►Over-exploitation of marine resources
►Resource management vs economic development
►Environment protection/conservation
►Marine transport management and development
►Fragmented ocean governance regimes
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Pacific Islands Regional Ocean Policy Pacific Islands Regional Ocean Policy
(PIROP)(PIROP)
► Endorsed by Pacific Island Leaders in 2002
� Strategic action framework adopted in 2004
► 5 Guiding principles:1. Improving understanding of the ocean
2. Sustainably developing and managing the use of ocean resources
3. Maintaining the health of the ocean
4. Promoting peaceful use of the ocean
5. Creating partnerships and promoting cooperation
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The Pacific PlanThe Pacific Plan
► Endorsed by Forum Leaders in 2005
► Promotes prosperity through ‘regionalism’
► 4 strategic objectives:1. Economic growth
2. Sustainable development
3. Good governance
4. Security
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Other selected regional instruments:
►Vava’u declaration on fisheries (2007)►Agreed upon by Forum leaders
►Pacific island regional coastal fisheries management policy and strategic actions (2008)
►SPC-led initiative
►Pacific Islands Regional Marine Species Program (2008-2012)
►SPREP program
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Aspects of ocean governance implemented by Aspects of ocean governance implemented by
regional organisations in the South Pacificregional organisations in the South PacificKey:Political:Legal:Operational:
Pacific Pacific
Regional Regional
Environment Environment
Programme Programme
(SPREP)(SPREP)
Secretariat to Secretariat to
the Pacific the Pacific
Community Community
(SPC)(SPC)
Pacific Islands Applied
Geoscience Commission (SOPAC)
Forum Fisheries
Agency (FFA)
Western and Central Pacific Fisheries
Commission (WCPFC)
Pacific Islands Pacific Islands
Forum Forum
Secretariat Secretariat
(PIFS)(PIFS)
Living Resources
Fisheries Management
Fisheries Development
Aquaculture
Non-living Resources
Maritime Boundary Delimitation
Energy
Natural Resources
Environment Protection
Ecosystem Protection
Biosecurity
Science and Technology
Ocean Processes
Shipping Maritime Transport
Marine Pollution
Maritime Safety and Security
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ChallengesChallenges
►Rationalisation of regional organisations’mandates and responsibilities
� Devolution of SOPAC responsibilities
� Realigning regional organisations under PIFS
� Self-absorbed regional organisations
►Translating regional commitments into actions at the national level
� Building political will to follow through on commitments
� Resolving the influence of international donors and organisations on national policy development
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ChallengesChallenges
►Regional diversity resulting in ambiguous policies
� No “one size fits all” solution
� Weakened strategies garner less commitment
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Samoa
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Aspects of ocean governance implemented at Aspects of ocean governance implemented at
the national level in Samoathe national level in SamoaKey:Political:Legal:Operational:
Ministry of Ministry of
Natural Natural
Resources and Resources and
Environment Environment
(MNRE)(MNRE)
Ministry of Ministry of
Agriculture and Agriculture and
Fisheries (MAF)Fisheries (MAF)
Ministry of Works,
Transport and Infrastructure
(MWTI)
Ministry of Foreign
Affairs and Trade (MFAT)
Ministry of Finance (MOF)
Samoa Port Samoa Port
Authority Authority
(SPA)(SPA)
Living Resources
Fisheries Management
Fisheries Development
Aquaculture
Non-living Resources
Maritime Boundary Delimitation
Energy
Natural Resources
Environment Protection
Ecosystem Protection
Biosecurity
Science and Technology
Ocean Processes
Shipping Maritime Transport
Marine Pollution
Maritime Safety and Security
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Challenges for implementationChallenges for implementation
►Coordinating actions between and amongst national agencies
� Establishing intra-government ocean committees
� Fragmented/sectoral approach is inefficient
►Limited resources� Technical expertise
� Financial resources
►Lack of awareness
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Conclusions:Conclusions:
►Not a complete loss►Fragmented governance is better than no governance … or is it?
►No “new” solutions:►Re-visit PIROP, its goals, principles, and initiatives.
� Call for PIROP +6
� IUCN-Oceania Pacific Ocean 2020 Challenge
►Lobby for stronger commitments from Leaders
►Improve cooperation and coordination between national, regional, and international players
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Conclusions:Conclusions:
►Improve awareness� Seeing the “bigger picture”
►Boost expertise through technical training opportunities
►Employ an integrated approach to decision-making
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FaafetaiFaafetai lava!lava!