occupationally deprived groups in estonia karin lilienberg, m.d, msc, ot head of the chair/ lecturer...
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Occupationally Deprived Groups in Estonia
Karin Lilienberg, M.D, MSc, OTHead of the Chair/ lecturer of OT
Katrin Viira, 3rd year student of OTBritta Frank, 3rd year student of OT
Tallinn Health College, ESTONIA
Socrates/Erasmus IP “Community Based Occupational Therapy with Occupationally
Deprived Groups” (Towards Social Inclusion) Ankara, 9th of October 2006
Occupationally Deprived Groups in Estonia
Karin Lilienberg, M.D, MSc, OTHead of the Chair/ lecturer of OT
Katrin Viira, 3rd year student of OTBritta Frank, 3rd year student of OT
Tallinn Health College, ESTONIA
Socrates/Erasmus IP “Community Based Occupational Therapy with Occupationally
Deprived Groups” (Towards Social Inclusion) Ankara, 9th of October 2006
Estonian educational structureESTONIAN EDUCATIONAL STRUCTURE
University
Age
24232221 study University university college
20 University
19
Vocational secondaryeducation
Vocational education institution
1817 General secondary education Vocational secondary education16 Gymnasium
151413121110987
65
Pre- primary educationPre- primary childcare institution
Master´s study
Basic education
Vocational education institution
Basic school
Doctor´s study
Bachelor´s andMaster´s study
Integrated curriculum forBachelor´s and Master´s
Applied higher education institution
Applied higher education or VET institution,
Applied higher education
Tallinn Health College
• 1940 – Nurses School• 1964 - Tallinn Medical School• 2005 - Tallinn Health College
– Applied higher education level - studying over 1200 students
– Vocational education level – 30 students– Seven study programmes– Foreign relations, project work
SOCRATES/ERASMUS, Tempus, Interreg, Leonardo da Vinci
Study programmes
• On the level of applied higher education Nurse - study period 3,5 years Midwife – study period 4,5 years Optometrist – study period 3,5 years Pharmacist – study period – 3 years Occupational therapist – study period 4 years Dental technician – study period 3,5 years
• On the level of vocational education Practical nurse – study period 2 years
Geographical and historical figures of ESTONIA
• Area: 45.227 km²• Population: 1.35 million• Gender ratio Male: 46 % female: 54 %• Urban: 69 % rural: 31 %
Employment status of working-age
people (15 – 65 yrs) in ESTONIA
• Employed: 595 500 people• Unemployed: 63 600 people• Inactive: 388 700 people
Estonian Statistical Office’s Labor Force Survey 2004
Unemployment risk groups
young peoplethe long-term unemployeddisabled peoplenon-Estonians not
speaking Estonianjob seekers with a low
education level jobseekers aged over 45
MUDLARK, URCHIN, STREET CHILDRENchildren <18yrs old living on the
streets and bulevardscompanions and social connections
are on the streetsvery little connections or contacts
with adults, parents, school, childcare institutions, social servises
Identification features of mudlark (street children) Clothing – filthy clothes, never been
washed, don’t respond to the weather conditions. Common that child is grown out of its clothes that forces to go home for winter. But in spring with warm weather they are back on the streets again
Identification features of mudlark (street children) Homeless –In Estonian weather
the mudlark need a place that can be called home. Home might be a cellar of a big house, abandoned building or a shed. Socialworkers and police are not noticing the children on the streets. Despite that the mudlark remark their existence in public places, which are streets, shops, all night open shops etc.
Identification features of mudlark (street children) Inadequate nutrition - children are
starving. Younger kids ask food from neighbours and by passers. When they are older they ask rather money than food. If they succeed to get money they rather buy candies and sweet, they don’t have habit to eat warm food
Why do children leave home? Condition of the family – conflicts
with parents, parents not succeeding in life (poverty, lack of work, alcoholism, drug addiction. The environment that the child lives in is important (where he or she lives, who are her or his friends etc.)
How many children are on the streets in Estonia ? Nobody knows. Many children are
not filed or registered. They change places where they live – usually to the worse contition. Frequent moving is causing the loss of documents and the loss on registration and loss of legal earnings – social security
Identification for mudlarks (street children) Mudlark earns money for surviving Prostitution Juvenile crime Living on the streets Forming/ combination of group, gang Using toxical stuff
Goals of streetwork
Establish contact with children who are escaped from home and children who are in danger
Get friends with the youngsters, help them to fit in Make new contacts with youngsters, based on trust and
reliability Offer information, consultation, advices and guiding Guide young people to the services they need Collaborate with different institutions Get a view of the children who are on the streets Document the operation with street children Help to create the services that are necessary for children
who are in streets (Schickle 1997, 22,23).
Services for street children
CHILDCARE – children’s protection, helping and lookout – assured by government, municipal government and social institutions
ORPHANAGE – an institution/ replacement home for orphans and children with out parents care.
DAYCENTER - an institution for slight managing and less insured families
FOSTER HOME– officially home for one or many kids for short or long term staying. There are no relations between the kid and the family. The parents get contributions from the government and if it is necessary the family collaborates with the children’s biological parents
HOSPICE - a temporary custody institution for abandoned kids and for those kids and women who are escaping from home violence