obsessive- csompulsive disorder ( 25/9/2013 ) elham aljammas
DESCRIPTION
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder affects 3% of world’s population Start from preschool to adulthood Typically (20-24) cause still unknown Better :diagnosed earlyTRANSCRIPT
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Obsessive-Csompulsive Disorder (25/9/2013)
Elham aljammas
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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder affects 3% of world’s population Start from preschool to adulthood
Typically (20-24) cause still unknown Better :diagnosed early
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:
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Definition Specific criteria to be clinically diagnosed Anxiety disorder with presence of obsessions
or compulsions ego dystonic – realize thoughts and actions
are irrational or excessive Must take up more than 1 hour a day Must disrupt daily routine Symptoms can’t result from effects of other
medical conditions or substances
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Obsessions
repetitive and constants thoughts, images, or impulses that cause anxiety or distress
thoughts, images, or impulses not about real-life problems
Try to ignore or counter act thoughts, images, or impulses
thoughts, images, or impulses “recognized as a product of one’s own mind and not imposed from without”
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Compulsions Repetitive behaviors or mental acts
person does in reaction to obsessions behaviors or mental acts done to avoid
or decrease distress behaviors or mental acts are clearly
excessive or not realistic
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compulsion
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TheoriesPsychological disorderAbnormalities in the brain
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Causes Serotonin is involved in regulating anxiety Abnormality in the neurotransmitter serotonin
In order to send chemical messages serotonin must bind to the receptor sites located on the neighboring nerve cells
OCD suffers may have blocked or damaged receptor sites preventing serotonin from functioning to full potential
Possible genetic mutation Some people suffering have mutation in the
human serotonin transporter gene
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OCD and the Brain PET scans show people with OCD have
different brain activity from others Another theory: miscommunication between
the orbital frontal cortex, the caudate nucleus, and the thalamus Caudate nucleus doesn’t function properly
and causes thalamus to become hyperactive and sends “never-ending” worry signals between OFC and thalamus OFC responds by increasing anxiety
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Comorbidity
Has excessive comorbidity with other diseases Common diseases: Depression, Schizophrenia,
Tourette Syndrome Depression is the most common
Many people with OCD suffered from depression first 2/3 of OCD patients develop depression makes
OCD symptoms worse and more difficult to treat
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Treatment Only completely curable in rare cases Most people have some symptom relief with
treatment Treatment choices depend on the problem
and patients preferences Most common treatments:
Behavioral Therapy Cognitive Therapy Medication
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Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Cognitive: change the way they think to deal with
their fears Behavioral: change the way they react to “anxiety-
provoking” situations Exposure and Response Prevention
Slowly learning to tolerate anxiety associated with not performing ritual behavior
Psychotherapy Talking with therapist to discover what causes the
anxiety and how to deal with symptoms Systematic Desensitization
Learning cognitive strategies to deal with anxiety then gradual exposure to feared object
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Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Should be done when people are ready for it Must be customized for each person’s specific form
of OCD and their needs No side affects except increased anxiety with
exposure to fear Often lasts about 12 weeks Positive effects off CBT last longer than those of
medication If OCD returns can successfully treat again with
same therapy Best treatment approach for most is CBT combined
with medication
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Medication Anxiolytic benzodiazepine such as chloradiazepoxide or
diazepam give temporary relief from anxiety but not really effective on obsessions and compulsions
Antidepressants because of common depression Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs): alter the
levels of neurotransmitter serotonin in the brain which helps brain cells communicate with one another Prevents excess serotonin from being pumped back into
original neuron that released it Then can bind to receptor sites of nearby neurons and send
chemical message that can help regulate anxiety and obsessive compulsive thoughts
Most effective drug treatment helping about 60% of patients Ex: Prozac, Zoloft, Lexapro, Paxil
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Conclusion
OCD is a complicated issue Most cases are incurable Best form of treatment is CBT in combination
with medication Most important thing that can be done to
discover more about OCD and its treatments is to research the brain