Observations and Inferences

Introduction to Earth Science

Earth Science is the study of Earth and its position in the universe. This science can be broken down into four disciplines of study:

ASTRONOMY: The study of the universe.

METEOROLOGY: The study of Earth’s atmosphere.

OCEANOGRAPHY: The study of Earth’s oceans.

GEOLOGY: The study of the structure, composition, processes, and history of the Earth.

Observation vs. Inference

An observation is a perception of the surrounding environment using your senses.

-- Scientists will use instruments to assist in the observations they make (Ex: telescope, spectroscope, barometer).

An inference is an interpretation of an observation.

-- Often inferences may be incorrect and further observations may be necessary to make inferences more accurate.

Types of Observations

Quantitative observations are those that are measurable.

Qualitative observations are those that aren’t and can’t be measured and are more descriptive in nature.

Quantitative observations = The cloud height extends 6,000 meters.

Qualitative observations = The cloud appears to have layers to it.

Observation vs. InferenceOBSERVATIONS

• It has a rough surface• It has jagged edges• It has black and

“redish” spots

INFERENCES• It is likely millions of

years old.