Equinox (interval 365.2422 days) by Solar Alignment ObservationGod, through Moses, ordained the first month of the Jewish calendar year

to start in spring. Many writers consider the date of this first month start as

a great mystery.

The Hebrew word for 'month' and 'new moon' are interchangeable and

translated by context. Each new moon was to be celebrated by trumpets;

Nu10:10, Ps81:3, 2Ch2:4.

This was practiced from Moses, at least thru the time of Paul's epistles,

Col2:16. The ancient means to select when the 1st month of each new year

started has been avidly discussed by many writers.

This month shall be unto you the beginning of months: it shall be the first

month of the year to you.... keep this ordinance in ITS SEASON from year

to year, Ex12:2,13:10 .

And Moses was learned in ALL the wisdom of the Egyptians... Acts 7:22

Indeed it is a mystery, if the ancient‟s time keeping method of simple

alignment is not understood. Much ink has been used talking of the Barley

harvest.

OBSERVATIONAL HEBREW YEAR OF MOSES by O.P. Armstrong July - 2016

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OBSERVATIONAL HEBREW YEAR OF MOSES by O.P. Armstrong July - 2016

But finding the first solar month could

be accomplished from the Temple

Mount by watching where the sunrise

happened in east upon Mount Olivet.

This is illustrated in the prior picture.

Another method is to use a gnomon or

obelisk. This was widely employed by

the Egyptian culture to find time,

direction and seasons. The method is

illustrated by the attached pictures.

During desert travels, after the

Exodus, the tabernacle was to be

erected with principle ordinates.

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The ordinates were easily

obtained by use of a gnomon,

that could also serve to mark

the spring equinox.

“for the south side.... And for

the second side of the

tabernacle on the north side

there shall be twenty

boards.. tabernacle,

westward..” Ex26:18-27. For

the Christian era, this

importance is two fold. First

is to know that a bible year is

a solar year.

Use a BAY

To improve

shadow

definition

Second is in keeping Church

Calendar. For that calendar is

set by Easter and it shall be the

1st Sunday following the 1st Full

Moon after the Spring or Vernal

Equinox of each year.

Great

OBSERVATIONAL HEBREW YEAR OF MOSES by O.P. Armstrong July - 2016

The Mosaic holidays revolved around spring and autumn.

Three main holidays were given by Moses. First was Passover,

with main dates on 10th and 14th day of first month. Next

was Pentecost, Lev23:16, Count fifty days to the day after

the seventh Sabbath; then you shall offer.... The last as: „In

the seventh month, on the first day of the month, you shall

have a Sabbath-rest, a memorial of blowing of trumpets...

Lev23:24. Marking years were mandated by the Sabbath or

7th year and Jubilee or 50th year.

The Sothic calendar system (365 days, circa 3,000BC) started

at Heliacal rising of Sirius upon Summer Solstice, June20 +/-

. They Intercalated the last days of a year. The current

rabbinical calendar, has 365.2468days/Year. Only the 1st to

7th months were critical to the ancient Hebrew calendar. The

time after the 12th month unto the start of the next year

new month could be counted as intercalated days, with an

ignored month, if only interested in months 1 to 7.

The Egyptian culture (of Moses time) used such methods as

illustrated by the Pyramid alignments on principle

ordinates. Many other ancient cultures also used monument

markers to mark the four seasons, spring, summer, autumn,

and winter.

3

Sphinx

South

EAST

Khufu

Great

North

OBSERVATIONAL HEBREW YEAR OF MOSES by O.P. Armstrong July - 2016

4

Another way is to make an extra long 12th

month. No where in bible is mention of a

13th month, hence Adar2. But these leap

months are required for a lunisolar

calendar. A new year should start in first

lunar month where the 14th lunar day falls

on or after the spring equinox. This makes

"days per year cycles" of 353/355 and

383/385 days. About every 3rd year will be

a leap year of about 384 days. Counting of

these days fall into 3 methods. Strictly

observational says watch for the time of

equinox, then look for the new moon. The

length of lunar cycle (29/30 days) and of

solar year (365 days) are well known. Thus

by these facts an end of year calculation

can be made for when to declare the first

new moon of the new year. Finally there is

the molad method of the rabbinical

calendar, 365.2468day/Year, vs. Gregorian

of 365.2425 d/Y.

Bible Basis of 12 Months:

1Kgs4:7 “... twelve officers over all

Israel... each man his month in a year...”

1Ch27, 12months1year, “all the months of

the year...The twelfth captain for the

twelfth month.” The sacred duties were

divided into 24 groups, this suggests

rotation of a group every 2 weeks.

Twelfth month: had at least 27 days as seen by 2Kg25:27, it

was given the name of Adar, see Est3:7&13,8:12,9:1. Here an

eleventh month of 29 days is found by inclusive count,

Neh6:15, 52 less 25 days equal 27 plus the start stop days of 2

gives 29 days. Also in story of Noah are found 5 months of 30

days each, Gen7:11,24 & 8:3-4. This indicates bible months

are lunar months. For the lunar month must alternate 29 and

30 days to match the 29.5 days of average lunar period.

Khufu

Sphinx

Equinox Sunset

Alignment at Giza

Looking due West

w

E

NS

OBSERVATIONAL HEBREW YEAR OF MOSES by O.P. Armstrong July - 2016

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Marking time by equinox of the two seasons has the

least long term jitter. Long term Jitter is caused by

earth polar precession, as demonstrated by below

graphic. Moses used the most stable year start marker.

Refs:

https://www.fourmilab.ch/earthview/pacalc.html

http://judaicseminar.org/halakhot/calendar_jewish.htm

https://www.fourmilab.ch/documents/calendar/

http://www.knowth.com/loughcrew.htm

https://stellafane.org/misc/equinox.html

http://www.lavia.org/english/archivo/egyptiancalendaren.

html

http://www.michaelsheiser.com/PaleoBabble/IslerMethod

OfFindingExtendingDirection.pdf

Only at equinoxes does sun

rise due east and set due

west.

Stonehenge is one

of many known

archeoastronomy

sites. It was used

to mark seasons.

Researcher J. Q.

Jacobs has

documented these

sites extensively.

OBSERVATIONAL HEBREW YEAR OF MOSES by O.P. Armstrong July - 2016

Marking Years by Astronomical Moments of Equinox and New Moon. The first new moon of each

new year is selected so the 14th day (full moon) must fall on or after the Spring Equinox. This

causes the lunar months to cycle in a progression of 400 Years of 12 lunar months to about 233

years of 13 lunar months. By using observation, the years of 12 and 13 moons will be

automatically selected from the determination rule. Over increasing intervals (19,38,190,391) the

average length of a year will trend towards 365.2422 days. This is demonstrated by graph above.

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OBSERVATIONAL HEBREW YEAR OF MOSES by O.P. Armstrong July - 2016

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Equinox Sunrise at Giza

Egyptian tools at time of Moses

EastWest

North

OBSERVATIONAL HEBREW YEAR OF MOSES by O.P. Armstrong July - 2016

Without Equinox Sunset

With Equinox Sunset

W

E

N

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The Solar Lunar cycles are times periods that give

repeating calendar cycles. The older cycles are the Saros,

(18 Year) and Metonic, 19Y. Some other whole year cycles

are Half Sar, 9Yr, Unidos, 65Y, 176Y, 298Y. Longer Cycles

are Trihex, 195Y, Hipparchus, 345Y, Gregorian1, 353Y,

Gregoriana 372Y, Hexdodea 390Y, Grattan Guinness

391Y, Gregorian2, 725Y, 1042Y.Any multiple of smaller

cycles can be tried, like double basic 1042Y.Meton's cycle of 19 years harmonizes the solar year (19 solar years)

with the lunar month (235 lunar months) with a remainder of about 2

hours and 3 minutes by which the solar year finishes earlier than the

lunar. Another cycle is 190 or 10 Metons.

M. de Cheseaux's cycle of 315 years harmonizes the solar and

lunar years within 3 hours and 24 minutes. The Metonic 19-year

cycle gets rid of most of it's remainder in a larger Biblical cycle of

2,300 years, Dan8:14.

Cheseaux's cycle, 315 years, is one quarter of a larger Biblical

cycle of 1,260 years (Dan. 8:12; 12:7; Rev. 12:6,14) which is ten

times more accurate than Meton's cycle. After 1260 years the sun

and moon return, within less than half a degree, to the same point

of the ecliptic precisely, and that within an hour of each other. If

we subtract 1260 from 2300 we get 1040 which is the long-

awaited solar-lunar cycle that harmonizes all three

measurements: the year, month and day "with an almost

imperceptible error" (Error is .11 of a day, Parker's Celestial

Cycles, p.22). In fact, this 1040 year "Daniel Cycle" reaches an

error of one day in 15,056 years. Every 687 years the sun and

the moon come back into the same relative positions to within 43

minutes. In 1906, Dr. W. Bell Dawson discovered that the

average of 2300 and 1260 lunar years, or 1780 lunar years, was

almost exactly equal to 1727 solar years, giving a cycle of even

higher accuracy than the 1040 "Daniel Cycle." The most accurate

anomalistic cycle (the time it takes for the moon to return to the

corresponding point on its elliptical orbit), viz. 1336, is the

difference between 1727 and 391. (see Soli-Lunar Cycles In

Greek Research and Jewish Revelation by Walter S. Ridgway,

UBC, 1946).

Without Equinox Sunset

Meridian Alignments

OBSERVATIONAL HEBREW YEAR OF MOSES by O.P. Armstrong July - 2016

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The Gnomon or Obelisk

is an astronomical

measurement device.

The solar alignments

are the main aspect to

determine seasons.

This is possible

because of the orbital

layout. These facts are

shown here in theory

and in practice.

Omitted here but given

earlier is the BAY tool to

improve shadow

definition. Without that

Egyptian tool, the

accuracy is decreased

as suggested by some.

In church times these

are used in order to

better calculate the

astronomical event of

EASTER. See next slide.

OBSERVATIONAL HEBREW YEAR OF MOSES by O.P. Armstrong July - 2016

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The Gnomon of Saint-

Sulpice is an astronomical

measurement device

located in the Church of

Saint-Sulpice (Église Saint-

Sulpice) in Paris, France. It

is a gnomon, a device

designed to cast a shadow

on the ground in order to

determine the position of

the sun in the sky. In early

modern times, other

gnomons were also built in

several Italian and French

churches in order to better

calculate the astronomical

event of EASTER.

OBSERVATIONAL HEBREW YEAR OF MOSES by O.P. Armstrong July - 2016

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Cambodia, Angkor Wat

On the morning of the spring

equinox, the sun rises up the side

of the central tower of the temple

and crowns its pinnacle.

El Castillo, Mexico

One of the most famous ancient

spring equinox celebrations was

the Mayan pyramid in Chichen

Itza, Mexico. The pyramid, also

known as El Castillo, has four

staircases running from the top to

the bottom of the pyramid's

faces. The staircases were built

at a carefully calculated angle so

that at the precise moment of the

equinox and for a period of about

half an hour, a snake of sunlight

appears to slither down the

stairs. The Kukulkan appears

twice a year, on the spring and

autumn equinox, when day and

night, light and dark, are equal

and in balance.

OBSERVATIONAL HEBREW YEAR OF MOSES by O.P. Armstrong July - 2016

The Wagon Wheel of Native American plains

Indians have summer solstice and other

alignments. One is located Between Cody and

Lovell Wyoming. It is called Big Horn Medicine

Wheel.

In the 4 Corners area exist solar monuments left

by Anasia tribes. Shown to the left is the sun

dagger design at Fajada Butte in Chaco Culture

National Historical Park. Many other monuments

like Pinson mounds West Tenn., Mounds at Earle

& Scott Arkansas and the Henges of Ireland & UK

show how ancient peoples accurately tracked the

seasons by observation without calculators and

equations. 12