Misako KACHI Earth Observation Research Center (EORC) Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)

Observation from Space - GPM - GCOM-W “SHIZUKU”

IGARSS 2011, 25 July 2011

The ALOS-2 satellite successfully launched on May 24, 2014! Plan to release first light 1 month after the launch, and data by 6 months.

P3

Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM)

International mission consisting of the GPM Core Observatory and Constellation Satellites for high accurate and frequent global precipitation observation

Core Observatory: developed under NASA and JAXA equal partnership.

Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) developed by JAXA and NICT GPM Microwave Imager (GMI) developed by NASA

Constellation satellites: provided by international partners.

GPM Core Observatory was successfully launched on 28 Feb. 2014 (JST).

KuPR: 13.6GHz radar (phased array)

KaPR: 35.5GHz radar (phased array)

GMI (Microwave Imager)

Core Observatory by NASA-JAXA

Constellation Satellites by international partners

GPM Core Observatory

P4

Scientific targets derived from the GPM/DPR

Offering knowledge regarding climate variations Continuous precipitation observation data from TRMM to GPM

Offering highly reliable knowledge regarding precipitation science

Observation of cumulonimbus, tropical cyclones, diurnal variations of precipitation in the tropics Observation of precipitation over the mid-to-high latitude frontal zones

Offering near-real-time precipitation information Utilization in numerical weather prediction in JMA Utilization in flood alert/warning system, etc.

P5

GPM Core Observatory Launch: 3:37 am on 28 Feb. 2014 (JST)

Launch from the JAXA Tanegashima Space Center by the H-IIA F23 rocket

Separation of the spacecraft

NASA

JAXA JAXA

CG image

P6

NASA-JAXA Joint First Images from the GPM Core Observatory

6

JAXA/NASA

NASA/JAXA

NASA/JAXA

Extratropical Cyclone over the northwest Pacific Ocean (around 40N, 167E) around 1330Z on 10 Mar. 2014. GMI 36-GHz H TB is overlaying to the Geostationary IR provided by JMA and NOAA.

↑Three dimensional structure of precipitation captured by DPR.

→Surface precipitation captured by GMI.

P7

JAXA’s Role within GPM Project

Development of DPR with NICT Launch of GPM Core Observatory by H-IIA

rocket

Development of algorithms, GV, and GPM data processing and

data distribution system to provide to end users

GCOM-W1 as one of constellation satellites

Promotion of GPM data utilization and application in Japan and Asia

Since 2012

P8

Overview of GPM-GSMaP Algorithm

(Okamoto et al. 2005, Kubota et al, 2007, Aonashi et al. 2009, Ushio et al. 2009, Shige et al. 2009, Kachi et al. 2011, Taniguchi et al., 2013, Mega et al., 2014, etc.)

IR Imager

Good: high-frequent (wide swath, multi-satellites) Bad: cannot measure vertical structure (need info. from radar)

Microwave Imager / Sounder

TRMM PR

Precipitation Radar

GPM Core DPR

Rainfall Data Base

Geostationary Satellite

Global Rainfall Map +Gauge-calibrated Rainfall

(0.1x0.1 deg. box, Hourly)

new Merged Microwave

Rainfall Data

GPM Core GMI

GCOM-W1 AMSR2

DMSP SSM/I, SSMIS

NOAA/MetOp AMSU (sounder)

GSMaP Microwave Radiometer Algorithms

Rainfall Data from each Microwave Radiometer

Microwave-IR Merged Algorithm (CMV, K/F)

GSMaP web site -- http://sharaku.eorc.jaxa.jp/GSMaP/

new

P9

GSMaP Improvements from the TRMM Era to the GPM Era

Increase of observations by microwave radiometers (in short-term) Increase of input microwave radiometers (8 12) GMI can observe 70N-70S area more than TMI (38N-38S)

Update of GSMaP algorithms (in short-term) Improvements in microwave imager algorithm based on AMSR2 precipitation standard algorithm, including new land algorithm, new coast detection scheme, etc. Development of orographic rainfall correction method for warm rainfall in coastal area Update of database, including rainfall detection over land, land surface emission database developed by Japanese DPR/GMI combined team, etc. Development of microwave sounder algorithm over land Development of gauge-calibrated GSMaP algorithm, etc.

Precipitation observation by DPR over the mid-to-high latitudes (in long-term)

Transition from current PR-based database to new DPR&PR-based one Improvement of accuracy of precipitation estimation in high latitudes by utilizing higher frequency channels in GMI and microwave sounders.

P10

Example of GPM-GSMaP

10

Gauge-calibrated hourly rainfall 12Z 15 Aug. 2012

Hourly rainfall 12Z 15 Aug. 2012

P11

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

Corr

ela

tion

Date

MVK_Correlation

Gauge_Correlation

MFW_Correlation

NRT_Correlation

MVK_15日移動平均

Gauge_15日移動平均

MFW_15日移動平均

NRT_15日移動平均

Comparison with RadarAMeDAS: Correlation coefficients

12

• 2 types of medium-sized satellites covering observation of essential climate variables

Instrument Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-2

Orbit

Sun Synchronous orbit Altitude：699.6km (on Equator) Inclination: 98.2 degrees Local sun time: 13:30+/-15 min

Size 5.1m (X) * 17.5m (Y) * 3.4m (Z) (on-orbit)

Mass 1991kg Power gen. More than 3880W (EOL) Launch May 18, 2012 Design Life 5-years

GCOM-W (Water) Instrument Second-generation Global Imager

Orbit

Sun Synchronous orbit Altitude：798km (on Equator) Inclination: 98.6 deg. Local sun time: 10:30+/- 15min

Size 4.6m (X) * 16.3m (Y) * 2.8m (Z) (on orbit)

Mass 2093kg Power gen. More than 4000W (EOL) Launch JFY 2016 Design Life 5-years

GCOM-C (Climate)

“SHIZUKU”

12

GCOM Satellites

13

Successor of AMSR-E on Aqua and AMSR on ADEOS-II. Deployable main reflector system with

2.0m diameter (1.6m for AMSR-E). Frequency channel set is identical to

that of AMSR-E except 7.3GHz channel for RFI mitigation. Two-point external calibration with

improved HTS (hot-load). Add a redundant momentum wheel to

increase reliability. GCOM-W1/AMSR2 characteristics

Scan and rate Conical scan at 40 rpm

Antenna Offset parabola with 2.0m dia.

Swath width 1450km (effective > 1600km)

Incidence angle Nominal 55 degrees

Digitization 12bits

Dynamic range 2.7-340K

Polarization Vertical and horizontal

AMSR2 Channel Set

Center Freq. [GHz]

Band width [MHz]

Pol. Beam width [deg] (Ground res. [km])

Sampling interval

[km]

6.925/ 7.3 350

V and H

1.8 (35 x 62)

10 10.65 100 1.2 (24 x 42) 18.7 200 0.65 (14 x 22) 23.8 400 0.75 (15 x 26) 36.5 1000 0.35 (7 x 12) 89.0 3000 0.15 (3 x 5) 5

AMSR2 Instrument

14

GCOM-W Status

May 17, 2012: Launch June 28, 2012: Injection into A-Train July 3, 2012: First images of AMSR2 August 10, 2012: Completion of initial

checkout January 25, 2013: AMSR2 Level 1

(Brightness temperature) products release to the public

May 10 - 14, 2013: AMSR2 Observation halt (SPC A to B); caused by Single Event Upset, no critical problem to the instrument

May 17, 2013: AMSR2 Level 2 (Geophysical) products release to the public (Successful completion of Initial Cal/Val)

The GCOM-W1 satellite system and AMSR2 instrument are working well.

Level 1, 2, and 3 products will be updated late this year.

Data Providing Service System https://gcom-w1.jaxa.jp

15

AMSR2 Standard Products

Products Areas Res. Required Accuracy Current Accuracy

PI Release Standard

GEO

Integrated water vapor

Global, over ocean 15km ±3.5kg/m2 ±3.5kg/m2 2.9kg/m2 Kazumori

Integrated cloud liquid

water

Global, over ocean 15km ±0.10kg/m2 ±0.05kg/m2 0.05kg/m2 Kazumori

Precipitation Global,

except cold latitude

15km Ocean ±50% Land ±120%

Ocean ±50% Land ±120%

Ocean 47% Land 91%

Aonashi

Sea surface temperature

Global, over ocean 50km ±0.8℃ ±0.5℃ 0.56℃ Shibata

Sea surface wind speed

Global, over ocean 15km ±1.5m/s ±1.0m/s 1.1m/s Shibata

Sea ice concentration

Polar region, over ocean 15km ±10% ±10% 9% Comiso and

Cho

Snow depth Land 30km ±20cm ±20cm 16cm Kelly

Soil moisture Land 50km ±10% ±10% 4% Koike

Research algorithms are not listed here.

Monthly AMSR2 Composite Movie Apr. 2013 – Mar. 2014

Global composite image produced from sea surface temperature, integrated cloud liquid water, sea ice concentration, snow depth, and soil moisture content observed by AMSR2 in April 2013. For sea ice, the maximal extent in April is shown in white. For cloud liquid water, areas with monthly mean of 0.2 mm or larger are shown in perfect white, and areas with less cloud water by changing transparency. Other geophysical parameters are shown by monthly mean.

17

Agro-Meteorological Monitoring

May 1 – 15, 2012 May 16 – 31, 2012 June 1 – 15, 2012 June 16 – 30, 2012

18

URL : https://gcom-w1.jaxa.jp/auth.html Top menu of GCOM-W Data Providing Service

“Login” as a guest is acceptable, but only data search and browsing is

available.

After registration, all services

(searching, data providing, getting tool kit etc) are

available.

Click here, to make registration.

How to get AMSR2 Data

19

To Mr. Norimasa Ito, GCOM -W1 Mission Manager, Space Applications Mission Directorate, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency

I hereby apply for “Special User” services through the GCOM-W1 Data Providing service as follows. I have already agreed with the on-line data utilization policies of the GCOM-W1 Data Providing service and have registered for the Service using the following identification information. In addition, I agree to submit the results of my research or utilization results using the GCOM-W1 data to JAXA every fiscal year.

Registered user ID Data required Period of utilization of data Purpose, etc.

(Signature) (Name)

(Affiliation/Department,etc.) (Address)

Report of the utilization resurts is required every year.

To Get Near Real Time Products

“Special User” Application Form

20

Summary

The GPM Core Observatory was successfully launched on Feb. 28, 2014 (JST).

DPR and GMI first images were released on Mar. 25 Revealed 3D structure and overview of extratropical cyclone in

good shape GPM data will be released to public 6-month after launch

from both JAXA and NASA All GPM data will be released to public after the data release review

(6-month after launch = early September) JAXA: G-Portal (https://www.gportal.jaxa.jp)

GCOM-W1 was successfully launched on May 18, 2012 and is continuing global observation from July 3, 2012. All AMSR2 productsdata is now available from the GCOM-W Data Providing Service System (https://gcom-w1.jaxa.jp/) NRT data will be available to users who submit “special user”

application form through the system Update of AMSR2 L1-L3 algorithm is currently planning in

late 2014 (or early 2015) Calibration/validation results, AMSR2 Quick Looks, RA materials, data

handling manuals are available at; http://suzaku.eorc.jaxa.jp/GCOM_W/