He/She mustn’t be late. He/She must have at

least three years’ experience in education.

He/She doesn’t have to have good ICT skills.

He/She has to be fun. He/She doesn’t have to

be a native speaker. He/She must be over 25

years old. He/She mustn’t smoke at

school.

English teacher wanted

Imagine you are responsible for finding a suitable candidate to fill a position for a new English teacher at the school.

Work in pairs/small groups and decide which of the following sentences describe a good candidate.

Ima

ge

s: E

xso

du

s a

nd

Nu

tda

na

i A

pik

ho

mb

oo

nw

aro

ot

/ F

ree

Dig

italP

ho

tos.

ne

t

The meaning of “must”

He/She must have at least three years’ experience in education.

He/She must be over 25 years old.

We use must to talk about _____________

necessity/obligation absence of necessity/obligation (= don’t need to) prohibition

We use must to talk about _____________

necessity/obligation

• must + infinitive WITHOUT “to” • Only for present reference, not for past reference

The meaning of “mustn’t”

He/She mustn’t be late.

He/She mustn’t smoke at school.

We use mustn’t to talk about _____________

necessity/obligation absence of necessity/obligation (= don’t need to) prohibition

We use mustn’t to talk about _____________

prohibition

mustn’t + infinitive WITHOUT “to”

The meaning of “have to” He/She has to be fun. We use have to to

talk about _____________

necessity/obligation absence of necessity/obligation (= don’t need to) prohibition

We use have to to talk about _____________

necessity/obligation

•They HAVE to be fun. • DO you HAVE to work on Saturday? • DOES she HAVE to work on Saturday? • In pastpast She/They HAD to be fun• DID you HAVE to go to the meeting yesterday?

The meaning of “don’t have to” He/She doesn’t have to

be a native speaker. He/She doesn’t have to

have good ICT skills.

We use don’t have to to talk about _____________

necessity/obligation absence of necessity/obligation (= don’t need to) prohibition

We use don’t have to to talk about _____________

absence of necessity/obligation (= don’t need to)

• She DOESN’T HAVE to be a native speaker.

but • They DON’T HAVE to be native speakers. • In pastpast She DIDN’T HAVE to be a native speaker.

Unit 23: must, have to, should Activity 1 Activity 2 Activity 4 (sentences C, D,

E, I, J, K) Activity 5 Activity 6

More information & practice