objectives swbat: describe the impact of new technology on industry, transportation, and...
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THE LABOR MOVEMENT
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Objectives
SWBAT: describe the impact of new technology on industry, transportation, and communication
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Do Now – 2/12/13
1. Have your Sec 1 “IR Spreads” HW out
2. Sec 2: Rise of the Cities – due tomorrow!
What form of technology plays the biggest/most important role in your life?
How? (Something that you cannot live without – but might take for granted.)
crash course Why The IR Happened in Britain
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New Nations Industrialize
Belgium first to industrialize after Britain
By mid 1800s other nations caught up Germany, France, United States
more supplies of coal, iron & other resources ADVANTAGE: followed Britain’s lead borrowed British experts & technology
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American’s Industrialize
First American textile factory Pawtucket, RI Plans smuggled out of Britain Rapidly grew after the Civil War (1861-1865) By 1900 the US was manufacturing 30% of
the world’s industrial goods SURPASSING Britain as the leading
industrial nation
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Uneven Development Eastern & southern Europe industrialized much
slower Lacked natural resources & capital to Russia
had the resources but lacked social & political conditions Slowly industrialized – 100 years after Britain Japan
lacked resources had political revolution making industrialization a priority.
Canada, Australia, New Zealand also built thriving industries at this time
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Effects of Industrialization
1900s conditions in factories and social conditions began to improve
Ordinary workers could afford goods - $$ Demand for goods created jobs
rapid building of railways, buildings, factories Politics changed had to meet demands of
industrial society Globally industrial nations competed Western nations dominated world more than
ever before
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Innovations
Alfred Nobel invented dynamite Used for construction & to his dismay,
warfare Nobel’s huge fortune was willed to fund the
famous Nobel prizes still awarded today
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Electric Power Replaces Steam
Late 1800s – electricity replaced steam as the dominant source of industrial power
Italian scientist Alessandro Volta first battery 1800
Michael Faraday
first simple electric motor & first dynamo
Today, all generators and transformers work on the same basic principle
Thomas Edison 1870s first electric light bulb
Edison’s “incandescent lamps” illuminated whole cities
Pace of city life quickened factories could work after dark
By 1890s cables carried electrical power from dynamos to factories
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New Methods of Production
Improved efficiency interchangeable parts Simplified assembly and repair of products Assembly line add parts to a product that
moves along a belt from one work station to the next
Took much of the joy out of work divided labor into separate tasks
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Transportation Advances Russians Trans-Siberian Railroad Moscow to
Vladivostok on the Pacific
German engineer Nikolaus Otto invented gasoline powered internal combustion engine
1886 Karl Benz patent for first automobile – had 3 wheels
1887 Gotlieb Daimler introduced first four-wheel automobile
American Henry Ford models that reached 25 mph
Early 1900s Ford used assembly lines to mass-produce cars
Making United States a leader in the automobile industry
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Exit Ticket
List some pros and cons of the Industrial Revolution
In your opinion, do the pros outweigh the cons? Or is is the other way around? Explain!
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Nikolaus Otto invented gasoline powered internal combustion engine
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Gotlieb Daimler introduced first four-wheel automobile
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Geronimo drives a Locomobile Model C in this 1905 photograph taken on the 101 Ranch near Ponca City, Oklahoma. In full headdress to Geronimo's left is his friend Edward Le Clair Sr., a Ponca Indian.
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Automobiles powered by internal combustion engines at the 1900 National Automobile Show were primitive. The most popular automobiles proved to be electric, steam, and gasoline…in that order.
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This advertisement for the Winton motor carriage – often identified as the first American automobile advertisement, according to the Henry Ford Museum – appeared in a 1898 issue of Scientific American magazine. Automobiles would help reduce the annual removal of 450,000 tons of horse manure from New York City streets.
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Airplanes Take Flight 1903 Orville and Wilbur Wright
flew a flimsy airplane at Kitty Hawk, NC daredevil pilots flew airplanes across the
English Channel and over the Alps Commercial passenger travel did not begin
until 1920s
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Communication Advances American inventor, Samuel F. B. Morse, developed
the Telegraph Send coded messages over wires using electricity First telegraph line Washington D.C. & Baltimore
in 1844 1876 Alexander Graham Bell patented the
telephone 1890s Italian Guglielmo Marconi invented the radio 1901 Marconi received a radio message using
Morse code sent from Britain to Canada
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Rise of Big Business
“Big Business” – an establishment that is run by entrepreneurs who finance, manufacture, and distribute goods.
Stock sold to finance companies Coporations businesses owned by many
investors Monopolies formed powerful business
leaders controlled entire industries or areas of economy
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Monopolies Germany – Alfred Krupp inherited father’s steelmaking
business bought up coal and iron mines as well as ore deposits
John D. Rockefellar Standard Oil Company became an empireDominated American petroleum industry
“Captains of Industry” people praised vision and skill “Robber Barons” destroying competition with
aggressive means – damaged free enterprise system reformers called for laws to prevent monopolies and
regulate large corporations
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Review Question: Why were big business leaders “captains of industry” to some, but “robber barons” to others?
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Exit Ticket
Choose one topic from what we just discussed and write a “problem-and-solution”
For example, you could write about the impact of powerful monopolies. Make a list of details, facts, and examples that define the problems that monopolies pose to a free market.
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Do Now – March 2, 2012
Sit in your Workers’ Rally Project groups Form a circle with the desks within your
group
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Cause & Effects
Causes:
1. Increased agricultural productivity
2. Growing pop
3. Energy – steam & coal
4. Demand for mass-produced goods
5. Improved technology
6. Natural resources, labor, money
7. Strong, stable governments
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Industrial Rev Effects
Immediate Effects:
1. Rise of factories
2. Change in trans & communication
3. Urbanization
4. New methods of production
5. Rise of urban working class
6. Growth of reform movements
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Industrial Rev Effects
Long-Term Effects
1. Growth of labor unions
2. Inexpensive new products
3. Increased population
4. Rise of big business
5. Expansion of middle class
6. Expansion of public education
7. Competitive world trade
8. Progress in medical care
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Connections to Today
1. Improvements in world health
2. Growth in population
3. Industrialization in developing nations
4. New energy sources – oil & nuclear
5. Environmental pollution
6. Efforts to regulate world trade